Search

The need for stable development and effective use of non-banking financial services market tools, as well as the imperfection of the current legislation in this area characterize the unconditional relevance of the topic of this article. The purpose of the article is to determine the purpose of state regulation of nonbank financial services markets, to define the concept of the principles of state regulation of professional financial activity, and to highlight and analyze the main principles of such regulation. It is noted that one of the main elements of state regulation of non-bank financial services markets is the purpose of such regulation. In view of the analyzed scientific positions and legislative provisions, it is concluded that the main goal of state regulation of non-banking financial services markets is: 1) ensuring transparency, reliability and openness in the markets of non-banking financial services; 2) coordination of activities of state authorities on the functioning of non-bank financial services markets; 3) protection of rights, legitimate interests and satisfaction of socio-economic needs of consumers of non-banking financial services; 4) prevention of abuses and violations in the markets of non-banking financial services. It is proposed to define the principles of state regulation of professional financial activity as the main ideas, basic principles, and general provisions of the implementation by the Regulators of a set of measures to regulate, control and supervise the activities of non-banking organizations and other participants in the markets of non-banking financial services in order to create favorable conditions for their functioning., preventing and countering abuses and violations in the markets of non-banking financial services and ensuring the protection of the legitimate interests of clients. The main principles of state regulation of professional financial activity are highlighted: the principle of legality; principle of commensurability (proportionality); the principle of guaranteeing the rights and legitimate interests of participants in the financial services market (in particular, the rights of consumers); the principle of assessment by the Regulators of transactions, operations, circumstances and events taking into account their economic and factual content; the principle of mandatory licensing of professional financial activity; the principle of exclusivity of professional financial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions in enforcement proceedings. It is determined that the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions in enforcement proceedings finds its manifestation in a number of provisions of legislation. The article cites these provisions of the legislation on enforcement proceedings and analyzes them. It is pointed out that the essence of the principle of proportionality of measures of compulsory execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions is always associated with the need to ensure and respect the rights of the debtor. However, in the author’s opinion, this principle should also reflect another important aspect of enforcement proceedings – sufficiency of enforcement measures for the actual execution of the decision. This side should also be enshrined in the content of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims under the decisions. It is concluded that the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims under decisions should not be considered narrowly enough. Scientific positions concerning the legal regulation of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims under decisions are studied. The opinion is supported that in the legislation on enforcement proceedings it is necessary to formulate a separate article devoted to the content of the principle of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions. Separate aspects of determining the criteria of proportionality of measures of compulsory execution of decisions and the volume of claims under decisions and judicial practice have been studied. On the basis of the analysis it is concluded that an important general criterion of proportionality of measures of forced execution of decisions and the volume of claims on decisions is the criterion of legality of the executor’s actions developed by the judicial practice of the Supreme Court. The criterion of proportionality should be the focus of the executor’s actions to ensure the fulfillment of the final court decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of protection of legal trust in criminal proceedings under martial law. When posing the problem, it is noted that the state of criminal and criminal procedural legislation, as well as the practice of its implementation in the conditions of martial law, should be stable, uniform, predictable and effective. In the course of revealing the state of development of the corresponding issues, it is noted that the works of scientists touched on some components of the principle of protection of legal trust in criminal proceedings, however, the specified principle during martial law was not comprehensively investigated in the procedural doctrine. In the course of the presentation of the main material, it is emphasized that with the intensive rule-making process regarding the «improvement» of the content of the Criminal Procedure Code in relation to the regulation of criminal proceedings in the period of martial law, it is impossible to talk at all about the stability and predictability of criminal procedural prescriptions, legal certainty and the provision of human rights and freedoms in the criminal process, and therefore - about the protection of legal trust in the field of criminal justice during martial law. Attention is drawn to the fact that the existence of legal regulations that are not always adequate to the procedural powers of the subjects of the criminal process to protect against violations of human rights and freedoms indicates the disregard of the principle of protection of legal trust in criminal proceedings under martial law. It is determined that the inconsistency of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in terms of the legal regulation of certain rights and freedoms in the conditions of martial law causes the presence of legal uncertainty in criminal procedural legislation, which negatively affects the legal position of a person in the field of criminal proceedings. It is concluded that the difficulty of ensuring the principle of legal trust protection in criminal proceedings under martial law is reflected in the defective legal regulation of the court's decision-making against the will of the accused regarding remote trial, in which the accused is outside the court premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the analysis of the provisions of criminal procedure legislation, provisions of international legal treaties, and European Union law, and on the basis of generalisation of theoretical positions of scholars, and also taking into account the proven experience of certain European States, it has been substantiated that the principle of victim representation is one of the fundamental principles of criminal proceedings. It has been proved that representation of victims in criminal proceedings is an indispensable guarantee of the principle of equality before law and court, access to justice and binding nature of court decisions, competitiveness of the parties and freedom to present their evidence to court and to prove their convincing nature before the court, etc. It has been determined that on the way to European integration, Ukraine may need to revise certain provisions of the institute of victim representation in criminal proceedings, in particular, to determine the grounds for mandatory free-of-charge participation of a victim’s representative, at least in some categories of cases. It has been argued that victim representation should be carried out in compliance with the general principles of criminal proceedings, as well as the principles of: voluntariness; legality; competence; initiative; cooperation and effective communication with other participants to criminal proceedings. It is suggested that these provisions should be used in further scientific research as a basis for reforming criminal procedure law in the context of introducing proven foreign practices into the victim representation activities. It has been determined that the prospects for further research should include the mechanisms for implementing international standards of victim representation, problematic aspects of victim representation in criminal proceedings, and the principles of representation of a witness, a civil plaintiff, and a civil defendant.

This article reflects the results of a theoretical analysis of P.F. Lesgaft’s ideas on the psychological and pedagogical principles of the harmonious development of a child. The relevance of the study is due to disharmony in the development of the physical, moral and mental components of personality in modern children. The intellectual sphere receives the greatest development among the younger generation, with insufficient attention to other areas. In this regard, the revival of the main provisions of the concept of the great humanist scientist becomes especially significant. The purpose of this study is to highlight and meaningfully fill the principles of pedagogy and psychology contained in the concept of P.F. Lesgaft in the aspect of the harmonious development of the child’s personality. Objectives of the study: analyze the main provisions of the theory of P.F. Lesgaft; determine the principles of the harmonious development of the child’s personality that underlie his concept; correlate the highlighted principles with the currently accepted principles of pedagogy and psychology. The main method of research was theoretical analysis and generalization of materials presented in the works of P.F. Legsaft, as well as studies devoted to the study of the scientist’s heritage in the aspect of the identified issues. The article concludes with generalized conclusions. It has been established that the basic psychological and pedagogical principles of the harmonious development of a child’s personality from the point of view of P.F. Lesgaft are the following principles: a holistic systematic approach to the development of the psyche, consciousness, activity, gradualism, consistency, clarity, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children, unity of educational influences, humanism.

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, Hz. It is aimed to address the approach that we consider as one of the educational principles of the Prophet and which we call 'offering options'. In the introduction of the study, the expression 'offering options' is described with its pedagogical and psychological aspects, the Qur'anic foundations of the subject are examined and then the details are covered with hadiths. The study was conducted with the qualitative research method, the sources used were systematically scanned on the basis of document analysis, and the data obtained was evaluated within the framework of hadith sciences. In the Holy Quran, Hz. Attention was drawn to the Prophet's qualities that can be described as teaching, such as "teaching the book", "teaching wisdom", "teaching the unknown" and "explaining the verses". Hz. The Prophet said, "I was sent only as a teacher." He described himself as a teacher and stated that his duty was "to complete the moral message." Hz. The Prophet said in the Qur'an: "Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good manners." By complying with his orders, he completed his duty of inculcating good morals with great perfection. The Holy Quran says, "You dealt gently with them by the mercy of your Lord." With his statement, Hz. He praised the Prophet's teaching style and his teaching methods. There are good examples of "Uswa al-Hasana in the Messenger of Allah" in education. Hz. It has been observed that the Prophet used approaches that we define as "offering options" to his interlocutors. Hz. It was determined that the Prophet encouraged his companions to develop options and offered facilitating options, multiple options and limiting options to his interlocutors, and the findings were detailed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qur'ān, serving as a life guide for believers, demands actions that benefit humanity. Since its inception, humanity has sought good living conditions both individually and collectively. In societal life, the system providing these conditions is primarily the state and its administrators. In this context, the qualities, character, and administrative attitudes of leaders are significant. Societies living under positive conditions when these traits are virtuous, and negative conditions when they are not, have continuously sought a better system. Throughout history, this search has manifested in turning towards divine truths or, frequently, in deviating into falsehoods. During this process, Almighty Allah sent prophets and their scriptures, calling people to divine truths and showing the path to true happiness. It is known that political structures and state leaders are among the essential elements ensuring the happiness of people living in communities, solving problems, and keeping them united under common goals and ideals. As indicated in the Qur'ān, both prophets and individuals with exceptional qualities, who we define as "ideal" public servants, are mentioned, and messages are conveyed through their characteristics and actions. Therefore, it is crucial for societies to show sensitivity in selecting those who will perform public duties and to consider divine criteria. This article focuses on the typology of state leaders praised and condemned by the Qur'ān through words and concepts, aiming to illustrate the positive and negative outcomes societies may face based on their choices of leaders through some exemplary comparisons. Besides the Qur'ānic exegesis, this article also benefits from various scientific disciplines, distinguishing itself by its conceptual approach and interdisciplinary connections. The study aims to explain the qualities of an ideal state leader through Qur'ānic concepts and to highlight the serious responsibility of performing public or administrative duties. The article intends to convey that a true believer should not undertake public duties entrusted to them as a trust if they lack competence, and Muslim societies should not assign public duties to those who are not qualified for their future's sake. As stated in a hadith, when tasks are not entrusted to experts/authorities, in other words, when appointments to public duties are not made justly, societal disintegration occurs. In Islamic history, works on ideal governance and leaders began with books in the fields of Islamic philosophy and law, such as "al-Madina al-Fadila" and "al-Ahkam alSultaniyya," followed by numerous political and advisory works. This article conducts research on characters and concepts in the Qur'ān, identifying the criteria of ideal leaders through verses and exegesis related to eleven leaders with the characteristics of state leaders. Most of these leaders, possessing the morality and competence of an ideal administrator, are prophets or their followers. Among the mentioned leaders in the Qur'ān, the foremost is the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), who served as the head of state in Medina. Previous prophets include Joseph, Moses, Aaron, David, and Solomon; kings and queens include Saul, Dhul-Qarnayn, and the Queen of Sheba; and advisors include Asaf ibn Barkhiya, the advisor to Solomon, and the person described as the "believer who concealed his faith" in the Qur'ān, the advisor to Pharaoh, Harbil/Hezekiel. This study, determining the criteria of how a state leader should be based on Qur'ānic verses, aims to maintain thematic integrity by comparing the findings with negative leader personalities, identifying the ideal leader profile through exemplary state leader qualities and topics, showing how this is done conceptually, and highlighting the intended message. The personalities mentioned in the article, along with the above eleven state leaders praised by the Qur'ān's principles and methods of governance, include those whose governance styles are condemned: Nimrod, Pharaoh, Korah, Haman, Goliath, Walid ibn Mughira, Abu Lahab, Abu Jahl, and Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to interpret the role of the soul as ontological, intellectual or cognitive and as the moral principle within the frame of the holistic conception of human psychosomatic health that emerges from the context of Zalmoxian medicine in the proemium of Plato's Charmides. It examines what the ontological status of the soul is in relation to the body and the body–soul complex of man considered as a psychosomatic whole. By comparing the presentation of the soul as principle in the Charmides and the Phaedrus, the paper defends the thesis that in the former dialogue, Plato develops his own anthropological ontology, which paves the way for the salvation of human existence and health. The soul is bestowed with an ontological primacy that determines the philosophical and medical presuppositions for treating human illness under a holistic view. The interpretation of the ontological relation of the soul to the body and the entire human being in the context of Zalmoxian holistic medicine is based on Hermias Alexandrinus' exegesis of the conception of the soul as principle in the Phaedrus. This paper demonstrates that, from both the medical holistic viewpoint and the anthropological philosophical perspective, the soul is the principle and πρῶτον with regard to the body and the body–soul complex without being the whole that the corresponding medical epistemology must apprehend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic as a science of the laws of the occurrence, accumulation, examination, appreciation and use of evidence has its own premises that underlie and systematize the process of discovering, investigating and preventing crime. The correct identification of the principles of forensic science, their limits of operation and their importance, provides a greater level of certainty in the development of forensic science as a science, and is the determining factor in identifying viable and sustainable solutions to the current and future tasks of forensic science. The tendency to investigate the subject of forensic principles will continue in the future, due to the lack of a single vision of the system of forensic principles, the desire to implement new principles and the confusion of the notion of 'principle' with the notions of 'method' and 'law'. At the end of the study, the conclusions presented allow an understanding of the notion of "principle" and the logic of structuring forensic principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to examine the potency contained in the mystery of Christ as Alpha and Omega of human history. The issue will be viewed through the prism of accidental encounters, etc. that is, those which in our earthly life have no visible importance or continuation. It is striking that our life largely consists of such contacts: thousands of people passing by every day seem to be accidental, “non-productive” and not important. Broken relationships belong to the same set as well. Thus, the real question is whether they have any deeper meaning or not. I will try to argue, by reference to spiritual theology, that life in Christ brings a real answer to this question. The apparently accidental encounters become, subsequently, relationships flourishing in Christ, on the basis that He is the one spiritual principle of all believers and the Head of the Mystical Body of the Church. In Him, our particular present encounters are purified and come into perfection to the state when they will appear as true and everlasting relationships. A man who is overlooked now turns out to be a real co-author of my eternal happiness. Although this sense will fully be realised in heaven, it can now be experienced by hope and the contemplation of the neighbour in God.

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The independence of the judiciary represents a principle with constitutional value, which has experienced several developments and accumulations in recent years. An important but unexplored perspective is the extent of control and censorship of the constitutional court over legislative options in the issue of judicial independence. The limits of appreciations allow the legislator to vary the regulation in relation to the constitutional standard, but the dosage of the regulations must be checked in relation to the principle of proportionality with the observed interference. Thus, the limits of appreciations of the legislator must remain under constitutional control, in the national landscape these concepts oscillate between intensity and lightness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The harmless treatment and resource utilization of spent cathode carbon from the overhaul slag of aluminum electrolytic cells is the bottleneck for achieving green and sustainable development in the electrolytic aluminum industry. The migration patterns of toxic components and toxic elements in spent cathode carbon for aluminum electrolysis are introduced. The technical principle, research status, advantages and disadvantages of high temperature fire method, liquid-phase leaching method and collaborative treatment method are summarized, and the future development trend is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Legal Theory / Jogelméleti Szemle / Zeitschrift für Rechtstheorie is the property of Journal of Legal Theory / Jogelmeleti Szemle / Zeitschrift fur Rechtstheorie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exploring an extension to Dick's "intelligence principle" Revisiting Dick’s “Intelligence Principle” in the light of recent technological developments, I present an argument for why one might consider a slight extension to the Principle and I explore some of the implications of the suggested modification.

Objective: to develop a draft Ethical Code aimed at establishing ethical norms and rules of official behavior of subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies.Methods: the methodological basis of the draft Ethical Code aimed at establishing ethical norms and rules of official behavior of subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies consists of general and specific methods of scientific cognition, including analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, classification, analogy, and comparison.Results: To the attention of lawyers – legal scientists and practitioners, medical professionals, members of clinical ethics committees, medical ethics specialists, representatives of law-making bodies, government agencies, business community and public organizations, patients, and a wide range of readers interested in the digital transformation of the healthcare system, we present the first in the Russian Federation draft of an Ethical Code of subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies.Scientific novelty: the draft Ethical Code comprises general principles of professional service ethics and basic rules of official behavior, which should guide the subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies. It is aimed at strengthening the authority of medical personnel, increasing patient confidence in artificial intelligence technologies, and preventing potential negative consequences as a result of their use.Practical significance: the draft Ethical Code is based on a systematic and comprehensive approach to the study of ethical norms and rules of official behavior, which should be followed by the subjects implementing activity of creating, applying and utilizing medical products based on artificial intelligence technologies. The principles specified in the Ethical Code are a basis for the development of the legal regulation system for artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare.

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Blood plasma is one of the constituents of blood. It is used in food products today due to its rich protein content. Its purpose is to increase the chewiness and improve the texture of food products, especially in producing processed products such as meatballs and surimi. There needs to be clarity regarding the determination of blood plasma ruling, whether it follows the ruling principles established in Islam or not. Thus, this paper intended to apply the principle of determining the ruling of blood plasma in food products according to Islam. This qualitative study used expert interviews and literature review methods by referring to books and journals related to blood plasma. This study established four application principles in determining blood plasma ruling: the principle of halal and haram food, the principle of istihalah, the principle of maslahah, and the principle of darurah. The use of blood plasma is haram because it contradicts the requirements of Islamic sharia and thus opposes the principles of determining the ruling of food based on blood plasma. This study is relevant for authorities such as JAKIM’s Halal Hub to improve the existing system. Further, it benefits the manufacturers and the general public in preparing and choosing food according to the ruling principles set by Islam. Analyses related to the use of blood plasma in food products involving laboratory studies and fiqh research can also be carried out in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental principles of international law are initially imprinted at the abstract level of the legal experiences of nations, as guiding ideas of a social nature which, as time goes by and their viability is proven, require normative protection at the international level through appropriate regulation. This article analyses the content of each of the ten fundamental principles of international law which are fully established in the United Nations General Assembly Declaration (UNO) no. 2625 (XXV)/1970 ”on principles of international law concerning friendly relations and cooperation among States in accordance with the UN Charter”, and in the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) adopted in Helsinki in 1975, respectively: the principle of the sovereign equality of States, the principle of self-determination, the principle of non-interference in internal affairs, the principle of non-use of force or threat of force, the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes, the principle of good faith fulfilment of international obligations (pacta sunt servanda), the principle of cooperation, the principle of the inviolability of frontiers, the principle of territorial integrity and the principle of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, on the premise that the general principles of law, by virtue of their generality, applicability and binding force, are also fundamental not only to national systems of law but also to international law, in whose sphere of application they are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Law & International Relations / Relações Internacionais no Mundo is the property of Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annuals of the Administration & Law / Roczniki Administracji i Prawa is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Humanitas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article, is scientifically analysed the principles and criteria to determine the genre boundary between the sub-genres of folklore prose such as myth, legend, story, fairy tale. In this, special attention is paid to defining the genre boundary of the legend genre of Karakalpak folk prose. In determining the boundaries between the genres of folklore prose, the relation of the events narrated in the work to the truth, the methods of description used in the description of the truth (the role of magic), the functional tasks performed in life, the features of the application of the actions of the spatial space and time categories, the artistic-structural construction, also, the genre characteristics of Karakalpak legends are revealed based on principles and criteria such as the method of performance (manner). The article, in our opinion, is of great scientific importance, both in theoretical and practical directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text proposes to examine, in the light of Luiz Roberto Monzani's interpretation, the relationship between the principle of connection of ideas presented in the Essay on the origin of human knowledge (1746) and that of pleasure established in the Treaty of sensations (1754) in order to, on the one hand, problematize whether this really replaces the first in the foundation of Condillac's thought or if, as we argue, both complement each other; on the other hand, to consider the consequences of the above for the conception of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of food has a crucial relationship with human health, so the rapid and accurate detection of food quality has always attracted much attention. Olfactory visualization technology is a new type of food testing technology, which not only has the advantages of being fast, sensitive, and not easily affected by the environment, but also can intuitively judge the quality of food through color changes. However, due to the influence of complex surrounding factors, olfactory visualization technology cannot be used as a standard food quality testing method. In this paper, we review the basic principles and components of olfactory visualization techniques and their applications in the detection of meat, spices, beverages, grains and other foodstuffs at home and abroad. The impact of the technology on them is analyzed in depth from a multidimensional perspective, the main problems faced are summarized, and the future development trend is foreseen. It provides theoretical references for expanding its application scope and realizing the functionalization, intelligence and informatization of food safety and quality testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals the issues of using the main theoretical provisions of teaching - the principles of the formation of sociolinguistic competence of students of secondary schools (with the Uzbek language of instruction), which determine the basic requirements for the educational process, means and organizational forms of education. On the basis of the study, the article reveals and substantiates the fact that the mastery of the studied principles of teaching by students presupposes the teacher's orientation to certain didactic and methodological patterns in the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A zero verdict, or Nil Verdict, is a criminal sentence imposed when an individual has already received the maximum allowable sentence but must be retried due to specific circumstances, resulting in a sentence of zero or the maximum limit. This concept remains relatively unknown among the Indonesian public, raising questions about why judges do not impose additional penalties on individuals who have been legally proven guilty of a criminal offense. The Nil Verdict is explicitly outlined in the concept of concursus realis under Article 67 of the Criminal Code, which stipulates that a defendant sentenced to death should not face additional punishment even if new offenses are discovered later. This research employs a normative juridical method, analyzing legal regulations such as the Criminal Code and Circular Letter Number 1 of 2022, which pertains to the enforcement of the Supreme Court's plenary meeting resolutions. The findings indicate that Nil Verdicts are appropriate for defendants already sentenced to death, as seen in the cases of Muhammad Natsir and Heru Hidayat, and should apply to any subsequent cases without increasing the sentence beyond 20 years for previous convictions. However, issues persist with inadequate inter-court administrative integration, leading to overlapping criminal sanctions and sentences exceeding 20 years. The research underscores the need to review and refine the absorption principle in concursus realis and assess the relationship between legally binding and newly revealed crimes to ensure that Nil Verdicts align with the principles of legal certainty, justice, and practicality. This study aims to enhance public understanding of Nil Verdicts and their application.

It is emphasised that ensuring the independence of the prosecutor’s office in Ukraine is a necessary step to increase trust in justice, fight corruption and ensure justice in society. This will contribute to building a strong rule-of-law state where every citizen has equal rights and can count on a fair and objective consideration of their cases. It is established that the independence of the prosecutor’s office is a principle and, at the same time, a state in which the prosecutor's system functions independently of the influence of external factors, including political and economic factors, as well as other persons, ensuring freedom to perform its functions and powers on the basis of the law and the principles of justice. This includes impartiality, objectivity, integrity, absence of corruption and the ability of prosecutors to act in the public interest, ensuring the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens. It is determined that the importance of ensuring the independence of the prosecutor's office is due to the following factors: prevention of political influence on the investigation process, which ensures the objectivity and integrity of justice; improves the effectiveness of the fight against corruption and crime; acts as an additional guarantee of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, since an important task of the prosecutor's office is to ensure legal equality, combat human rights violations and protect the interests of society as a whole; ensures increased public confidence in justice and the system of law enforcement.

Ultrasonic treatment has been widely researched and applied in the pre-processing and thermal processing of meat and meat processed products at present. The cavitation effect, mechanical effect, and thermal effect of ultrasonic wave are considered to be the main reasons for the changes of meat quality. In this paper, the basic principle of ultrasound and the application progress in pre-treatment and thermal processing in meat processing are reviewed. The effects of ultrasonic treatment on meat tenderness, color, water holding capacity, and lipid and protein oxidation are summarized. The future prospect of its application is also proposed. In general, the physicochemical property and sensory quality of meat and meat processed products are significantly improved during ultrasound-assisted freezing, thawing, curing, and thermal processing. The paper provides a theoretical reference for the application of ultrasonic treatment in meat processing.