31 results on '"primary vasculitis"'
Search Results
2. Monitoring disease activity in large vessel vasculitis
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Pugh, Dan, Dhaun, Neeraj, and Dear, James
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large vessel vasculitis ,LVV ,giant cell arteritis ,GCA ,Takayasu arteritis ,TAK ,primary vasculitis ,longitudinal disease monitoring ,leucine-rich alpha-2- glycoprotein-1 ,LRG1 ,angiopoietin-2 ,Ang-2 ,soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 ,sFlt-1 ,osteopontin ,calprotectin ,chorioretinal thinning ,microcirculatory dysfunction - Abstract
Large vessel vasculitis (LVV), including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK), is the most common form of primary vasculitis and is characterised by chronic inflammation of medium and large arteries. Accurately determining disease activity in LVV is challenging, particularly once treatment has started. This often leads to a mismatch between disease activity and treatment intensity leaving patients at risk of the consequences of over-treatment, including adverse effects of toxic therapies, or under-treatment, leading to unchecked vascular inflammation and arterial damage. The aim of this thesis was to develop novel methods of assessing disease activity in order to better guide treatment for patients with LVV. The results presented here demonstrate that hybrid positron emission tomography with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) is able to accurately distinguish active from inactive LVV and can track disease activity longitudinally. MR metrics provide complementary information to that provided by PET metrics for determination of disease activity status. A novel, PET/MR-specific disease activity assessment score - the VAMP score - appears more effective at distinguishing active from inactive LVV than established PET-only scoring systems. The imaging data provided by PET/MR have the potential to positively influence 'real-world' clinical decision making. Considering that PET/MR utilises a significantly lower radiation dose compared with PET/CT, these results support the use of PET/MR for longitudinal disease monitoring in LVV. This thesis has also demonstrated the efficacy of a series of new and emerging serological biomarkers of disease activity in LVV. Plasma concentrations of leucine-rich alpha-2- glycoprotein-1 (LRG1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), osteopontin, and calprotectin are elevated in LVV compared with health. Additionally, LRG1, Ang-2 and osteopontin can distinguish active LVV from inactive LVV, with all biomarkers outperforming C-reactive protein (CRP) for this indication. Correlations were observed between several of the evaluated biomarkers and previously defined measures of disease activity. Finally, I have demonstrated the ability of microcirculatory changes to inform LVV disease activity based on examination of retinal microstructures using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients with LVV exhibit chorioretinal thinning which is reversible with treatment. Correlations were also observed between OCT metrics and both PET/MR-based and serological measures of disease activity. These results suggest that microcirculatory dysfunction plays a role in the development and maintenance of inflammation in LVV and may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. Additionally, consideration should be given to the eye as a window through which to define and track disease activity in LVV. In summary, this thesis has identified several ways in which monitoring of disease activity in LVV might be improved. These findings have the potential to enhance LVV patient care by facilitating more accurate matching of treatment intensity with disease activity. Larger, multi- centre studies are now required to confirm and expand on these findings.
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- 2023
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3. Eales’ Disease
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Das, Taraprasad, Biswas, Jyotirmay, Tyagi, Mudit, Kim, Ivana, Section editor, Yonekawa, Yoshihiro, Section editor, Albert, Daniel M., editor, Miller, Joan W., editor, Azar, Dimitri T., editor, and Young, Lucy H., editor
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- 2022
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4. Five‐day fever: The main presentation of childhood‐onset Takayasu arteritis
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Vadood Javadi Parvaneh, Mohsen Jari, Khosro Rahmani, Roxana Azma, and Reza Shiari
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case report ,children ,primary vasculitis ,Takayasu arteritis ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract In children with a nonspecific constitutional presentation such as prolonged fever, the physician should pay attention to primary vasculitides after ruling out the more common diseases such as infectious diseases, malignancies, and the other rheumatic disorders. The past history of autoimmunity may be a clue for this.
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- 2020
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5. Cardiac valvular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis in long-term observation.
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Borowiec A, Rosinska M, Kowalik I, Rybski S, Chwyczko T, Jankowski J, and Życińska K
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- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Catheters, Heart Valves, Inflammation, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis complications, Heart Valve Diseases diagnostic imaging, Heart Valve Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis and is characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to assess cardiac valvular changes in patients with GPA in a cohort of 105 patients followed for a mean of six years., Methods: We followed 105 patients (mean age 50.4 years, 67 female) for a mean of 6.2±1.3 years. Echocardiography and laboratory tests were performed in all patients., Results: At baseline, 43% of patients were diagnosed with aortic regurgitation (AR), which was the most common valvular lesion. Moreover, it was the only valvular involvement that significantly increased during observation (p=0.01). In a multivariate model, only D-dimer level was a predictor of AR in this group of patients (OR 8.0 (95% CI: 1.7-38.2, p=0.01)., Conclusions: Involvement of the heart valves is a common finding in patients with GPA, but significant valvular disease is a rare complication. The most common valvular disease in this group of patients is AR. Aortic valves are also the most prone to degeneration in the course of the vasculitis., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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6. Five‐day fever: The main presentation of childhood‐onset Takayasu arteritis.
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Javadi Parvaneh, Vadood, Jari, Mohsen, Rahmani, Khosro, Azma, Roxana, and Shiari, Reza
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TAKAYASU arteritis , *FEVER , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *VASCULITIS , *PHYSICIANS , *LEUKOCYTOCLASTIC vasculitis - Abstract
In children with a nonspecific constitutional presentation such as prolonged fever, the physician should pay attention to primary vasculitides after ruling out the more common diseases such as infectious diseases, malignancies, and the other rheumatic disorders. The past history of autoimmunity may be a clue for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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7. Primární vaskulitidy v otorinolaryngologii: přehled literatury a kazuistické případy.
- Author
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Koucký, V., Bouček, J., Kalfeřt, D., and Plzák, J.
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Primary vasculitis is a rare group of diseases with diverse local and systemic symptoms. The disease can affect any organ of the human body including head and neck region. Moreover, manifestation in head and neck is not rare and for some pathologic units it is an elemental part of the established diagnostic criteria. In view of that fact, ENT specialist can be the first one who comes to a contact with a patient affected by a vasculitis and be the one who hastens the diagnostic and therapeutic process. However, because of the unspecific symptomatology and a very low incidence of the diseases, the determination of the diagnosis can be quite a difficult quest. Even when a clinician is suspicious about systemic vasculitis and other cooperative specialists are involved into a diagnostic process, it can be difficult to precisely categorize the pathologic unit. In this article we review vasculitis most commonly occurring in ENT, including their various symptomatology. Complexity of the diagnostic process is demonstrated on two case reports: a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and a patient with unclassified systemic vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
8. Pierwotne i wtórne zapalenia naczyń układu nerwowego.
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Wańkowicz, Paweł, Nowacki, Przemysław, and Brzosko, Marek
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Central and peripheral nervous system vascular disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases, divided into primary and secondary inflammations. In primary vasculitis, the lesions are limited to the nervous system, without inflammatory changes in the vessels of other organs. In secondary vasculitis the nervous system vasculitis accompanies systemic diseases. Nervous symptoms and their combinations, which makes diagnosis dif- ficult. The aim of this publication is to review the current neurological symptomatology and the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of vasculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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9. New immunosuppressants: mycophenolate mofetil and 15-deoxyspergualin
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Stegeman, Coen A., Birck, Rainer, Parnham, Michael J., editor, Kallenberg, Cees G. M., editor, and Tervaert, Jan W. Cohen, editor
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- 2001
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10. CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PRIMARY VASCULITIS
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L A Strizhakov, S V Moiseev, E N Semenkova, and E I Kuznetsova
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primary vasculitis ,cardiovascular complications ,endothelial dysfunction ,Medicine - Abstract
Russian and foreign data on development of atherosclerosis in patients with primary vasculitis are analysed. The discussion covers the role of risk factors, features of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in primary vasculitis, diagnostic and therapeutic methods in this disease.
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- 2012
11. Síndrome de Churg Strauss: uma vasculite rara Churg strauss Syndrome: a rare vasculitis
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Luciana Calvo Mardegan, Cinira Soledade, Zoraida Sachetto, Manoel Barros Bertolo, Eliane Maria Ingrid Amstalden, Adil Muhib Sâmara, and Sandra Regina M Fernandes
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síndrome de Churg Strauss ,vasculite primária ,aspectos clínico-laboratoriais ,Churg Strauss syndrome ,primary vasculitis ,clinical-laboratorial findings ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as características demográficas, clínicas, laboratoriais e histopatológica de pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome de Churg Strauss (SCS) acompanhados no ambulatório de vasculites do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC/Unicamp). Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários dos pacientes com vasculite primária, classificados como SCS pelos critérios do American College of Rheumathology (ACR). Foram observados cinco pacientes com diagnóstico de SCS (M/F:3/2, caucasóides). A média de idade do início da doença foi 46 anos (40-55). A média de tempo de seguimento foi de 2,37 anos (0,25-6). Sintomas sistêmicos, asma, neuropatia periférica e lesão cutânea foram observados em todos os pacientes. Envolvimento cardiovascular, renal e de trato gastrintestinal estiveram presentes cada qual em um paciente. Todos os pacientes apresentaram eosinofilia (>10%),e o p-ANCA foi positivo nos três casos investigados. A radiografia de tórax revelou infiltrado pulmonar intersticial em dois casos; em um, associado à derrame pleural. Na histopatologia, evidências de eosinófilos extravascular foram encontradas nas biópsias cutâneas de 3/4 pacientes. Todos os pacientes foram tratados com prednisona. Em 3, houve a necessidade de associar-se imunossupressor. Nenhum paciente evoluiu a óbito. A SCS é uma patologia rara, com acometimento sistêmico, sendo a asma uma das principais e mais precoce manifestação. Todos os pacientes apresentaram sintomas sistêmicos, acometimento de pele e sistema nervoso periférico. Envolvimento renal, cardíaco e gastrointestinal foi observado, cada qual em um único paciente, diferindo de outras séries nas quais esses acometimentos são mais freqüentes. Embora seja uma patologia grave e de prognóstico reservado, observamos evolução favorável com tratamento.The aim of this report is to verify the demographic, clinical, laboratorial and histopathological findings of patients with CSS followed in a University Clinical Hospital. We reviewed the medical records of all patients with the diagnosis of CSS. Only patients who fulfilled ACR criteria were included. Five Caucasian patients were found, with a sex ratio M/F: 3/2. The mean age at disease onset was 46 years old (40 to 55) and the mean time of follow-up was 2.37 years (0.25 to 6). General symptoms, asthma, peripheral neuropathy and skin lesions were the most common clinical findings in all patients. Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal involvement was found in one patient each. All patients presented hypereosinophilia (> 10%) and p-ANCA was present in 3 patients. The chest x-ray showed pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate in 2 cases and in 1 of them an unilateral pleural effusion. Skin biopsies showed extravascular eosinophylia in 3 out of 4. All patients were treated with prednisone and in 3 it was added immunosuppressive drug. No patient died during the follow-up. CSS is a rare disease with a multivisceral involvement and asthma is the main and the earliest symptom. General symptoms and involvement of skin and peripheral nerves were found in all patients. Renal, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal involvement was rare, differently from the literature series where these findings are more frequent. In spite of the CSS being a serious and life-threatening disease, these patients presented adequate response to the treatment and a favorable outcome.
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- 2004
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12. Первичный васкулит внутренней сонной, позвоночной артерий и их основных ветвей: роль неоптерина и кальпротектина
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neopterin ,внутренняя сонная артерия ,vertebral artery ,ишемический инсульт молодого возраста ,internal carotid artery ,кальпротектин ,primary vasculitis ,calprotectin ,позвоночная артерия ,неоптерин ,первичный васкулит ,ischemic stroke in the young - Abstract
Первичный васкулит (ПВ) внутренней сонной и позвоночной артерий (ВСА/ПА) и их основных ветвей – малоизвестная причина ишемического инсульта, развивающегося чаще всего в молодом возрасте, диагностика которого затруднена, а патогенез недостаточно изучен. В статье впервые представлены результаты изучения роли неоптерина и кальпротектина, являющихся биомаркерами воспаления, при ПВ центральной нервной системы. Суммарно обследовано 45 пациентов с ПВ ВСА/ПА, верифицированными с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга в режиме Т1 dark-blood + fat-sat по накоплению контрастного вещества артериальной стенкой. У всех больных была изучена клиническая картина заболевания, у 39 пациентов исследованы уровни неоптерина и кальпротектина в сыворотке крови. Контрольная группа состояла из 21 здорового добровольца, все индивидуумы были сопоставимы по полу и возрасту. По результатам проведенного исследования установлено, что ПВ – одна из причин стеноокклюзирующего поражения ВСА/ПА, чаще всего их интракраниального отдела, которое может вовлекать и их ветви. Основное клиническое проявление ПВ – ишемический инсульт, имеющий ряд особенностей. Повышенный уровень кальпротектина и неоптерина является биомаркером воспаления сосудистой стенки и указывает на роль клеточного иммунитета в патогенезе ПВ ВСА/ПА и их ветвей. Согласно статистическому анализу, уровни неоптерина ≥6,25 нмоль/л и кальпротектина ≥38,95 мкг/г диагностически значимы для этого заболевания с чувствительностью 95 и 64% и специфичностью 81 и 67% соответственно., Primary vasculitis (PV) of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries (ICA/VA) and their main branches is a poorly known cause of ischemic stroke. It often emerges at a young age, is challenging to diagnose, and its pathogenesis is not well understood. The paper presents original results obtained from the study of the role of inflammation biomarkers neopterin and calprotectin in PV of the central nervous system. A total of 45 patients with PV of ICA/VA were examined. Diagnosis of PV was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (dark-blood T1 + fat-sat) which demonstrated accumulation of the contrast agent in the arterial wall. Disease clinical presentation was analyzed in all patients, and serum levels of neopterin and calprotectin were studied in 39 patients. The control group consisted of 21 ageand sex-matched healthy volunteers. Our study demonstrated that PV can be one of the causes of steno-occlusive lesions of the ICA/VA, more frequently of their intracranial section, and can also involve their branches. Ischemic stroke is the main clinical manifestation of PV, which has a number of specific features. Increased levels of calprotectin and neopterin are biomarkers of vascular wall inflammation and suggest the role of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of PV of ICA/VA and their branches. According to statistical analysis, levels of neopterin ≥6.25 nmol/l and calprotectin ≥38.95 μg/g are diagnostically significant for this disorder with a sensitivity of 95 and 64% and a specificity of 81 and 67%, respectively
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- 2021
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13. [Otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis].
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Chen Z, Ren P, Hou W, Zhang Q, Wu Q, Jin Y, Yang J, and Zhang Q
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- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Aged, Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic therapeutic use, Female, Hearing, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis complications, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis diagnosis, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis drug therapy, Otitis Media complications
- Abstract
Objective: To analyze clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) -associated vasculitis(OMAAV). Methods: This study reported three OMAAV patients and discussed the diagnosis and treatment of OMAAV combined with the recent literature. Results: Two males and one female were included. The age of these three patients ranged from 56 to 72 years. Their characteristics were as follows: ①tympanic membrane with granulation and bloody secretions in two patients; ②progressive bone-conducted hearing loss within a short period of time; ③facial palsy in two patients; ④the laboratory test of ANCA is positive; ⑤conventional treatment of otitis media is ineffective, while glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive therapy is effective. Conclusion: OMAAV is a rare disease and prone to misdiagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are critical. Invasive tests and surgery during the active phase of OMAAV may aggravate symptoms and should be avoided., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)
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- 2022
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14. ENFRENTAMIENTO DE LAS VASCULITIS PRIMARIAS.
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SANTIAGO RIVERO, D.
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2012
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15. Causas de vasculitis cutánea en 59 pacientes mexicanos. Experiencia de un centro de tercer nivel.
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Ruelas Villavicencio, Ana Lilia, García Hidalgo, Linda, Reyes Gutiérrez, Edgardo, Flores Suárez, Luis Felipe, and Orozco Topete, Rocío
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- *
DERMATOLOGIC surgery , *VASCULITIS , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *SKIN biopsy , *CONNECTIVE tissues , *CRYOGLOBULINEMIA , *HISTOPATHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Cutaneous vasculitis remains a disparate unwieldy group of disorders with different etiologies. Knowing the demographic characteristics and factors associated to cutaneous vasculitis in our population is of great importance to devise strategies in diagnostic evaluation and treatment. Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical factors associated to cutaneous vasculitis in patients treated at the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition of Mexico (INCMN). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 59 Hispanic adult patients with cutaneous vasculitis. All patients were diagnosed by skin biopsy in a five-year period (2001-2005). Results: Seventy percent of the patients were female. The median age was 41 years. Fifty-nine percent were leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The most common cause was connective tissue diseases in 49%. Most of them were for lupus erythematosus systemic (30%), followed by idiopathic cutaneous vasculitis (15%). Ten percent of the patients suffered systemic vasculitis. The rest were associated to infections, inflammatory bowel disease, cryoglobulinemia, malignancy and drugs in a lower percentage. Conclusions: At INCMN connective tissue diseases were the most common cause of cutaneous vasculitis, followed by idiopathic or cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. There was no relation between cause and specific histological pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
16. Primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumour: case report and literature review.
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Song-Bin Qu, Khan, Sofia, and Hua Liu
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NERVOUS system , *TUMORS , *INFLAMMATION , *MULTIPLE sclerosis , *DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis - Abstract
Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) is a rare inflammatory disease causing significant morbidity and mortality. We present a detailed history and clinical course of a patient with PCNSV along with a literature review. A 50-year-old Chinese female presented with a 6-month history of mild to moderate headache and sudden onset of visual loss. Early computed tomography of the brain showed multifocal infarctions. Over 3 weeks after admission, her clinical presentations changed considerably and her condition deteriorated. She became confused then fell in to semicoma, and developed left-sided paralysis and quadriparesis. At about 7 months after her illness, a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a tumour-like mass lesion within the right parietal lobe resulting in compressed posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. In the end, a brain biopsy identified extensive vessel inflammation, which established the diagnosis of PCNSV. Steroid and immunosuppressive therapy dramatically improved the patient’s condition. Our report highlights the importance of considering PCNSV as a differential diagnosis in patients who are suspected with encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral thrombus, leukoencephalopathy, or brain tumour, etc. while their clinical presentations are exceptionally so changeable. This case also gives emphasis to the value of a brain biopsy in consolidating the diagnosis, and the efficacy of steroid and immunosuppressive therapy in PCNSV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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17. Wegener's granulomatosis is associated with organ-specific antiendothelial cell antibodies.
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Holmén, Carolina, Christensson, Marta, Pettersson, Erna, Bratt, Johan, Stjärne, Pär, Karrar, Azza, and Sumitran-Holgersson, Suchitra
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *GRANULOMATOSIS with polyangiitis , *KIDNEY diseases , *CYTOKINES , *CELLULAR immunity , *VASCULITIS , *NEPHROLOGY - Abstract
Wegener's granulomatosis is associated with organ-specific antiendothelial cell antibodies. Background. Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA), usually detected using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), are frequently observed in systemic vasculitis, but their pathogenic role is unclear. Heterogeneity of endothelial cells necessitates use of clinically relevant endothelial cells for elucidation of the role of AECA in systemic vasculitis involving small blood vessels of specific organs. Methods. Human endothelial cells were isolated from normal tissue specimens from the nose, kidney, lung, liver, and umbilical vein. Using flow cytometry, AECA were detected against both unstimulated and cytokine-stimulated [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] endothelial cells. Functional capacity of AECA was determined by complement fixation assay. Sera from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (16), limited Wegener's granulomatosis (8), renal limited disease (4), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (5), rheumatoid arthritis (10), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (9), and from healthy controls (20) were analyzed. Results. Compared with controls ( 1) Wegener's granulomatosis is significantly associated with noncytotoxic AECA that selectively bind surface antigens on unstimulated nasal, kidney, and lung endothelial cells; ( 2) binding of Wegener's granulomatosis AECA to kidney and nasal endothelial cells in particular was lost upon treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α; ( 3) the two cytokines per se were cytotoxic (30%) to nasal and lung endothelial cells and lysis was further increased (60%) by addition of systemic vasculitis serum; and ( 4) Wegener's granulomatosis serum caused agglutination of cytokine-stimulated nasal endothelial cells. Conclusion. Based on these findings we suggest that AECA may be one factor involved in the initiation of Wegener's granulomatosis. Antigen identification and elucidation of the pathogenic roles of AECA and inflammatory cytokines in systemic vasculitis using these cells will be particularly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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18. Ocular manifestations and concepts of systemic vasculitides
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Perez, Victor L., Chavala, Sai H., Ahmed, Muna, Chu, David, Zafirakis, Panos, Baltatzis, Stefanos, Ocampo, Vicente, and Foster, C. Stephen
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VASCULITIS , *SYMPTOMS , *DISEASES , *OPHTHALMOLOGY - Abstract
Vasculitic disorders are relatively rare. Their etiology and pathophysiology remain enigmatic, leading to confusing nomenclature and multiple classification schemes. Untreated vasculitis can be fatal. Early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment and better prognosis. However, early diagnosis can be difficult; vasculitic conditions usually present with non-specific symptoms for a long period before clinically overt manifestations occur. Ophthalmologists should be familiar with the ocular manifestations of the vasculitic disorders because they may not only be sight-threatening, but more importantly could be the presenting manifestations of active, potentially lethal systemic disease. This review summarizes clinical and ocular manifestations of systemic vasculitic disorders. Furthermore, it discusses general concepts in diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in an effort to provide a practical framework for the ophthalmologist evaluating patients with vasculitis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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19. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in Wegener's granulomatosis acquire characteristics of antigen presenting cells.
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Iking-Konert, Christof, Vogt, Saskia, Radsak, Markus, Wagner, Christof, Hänsch, Gertrud Maria, and Andrassy, Konrad
- Subjects
- *
CHRONIC granulomatous disease , *NEUTROPHILS , *VASCULITIS - Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in Wegener's granulomatosis acquire characteristics of antigen presenting cells. Background. Constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens and of the co-stimulatory receptors CD80 and CD86 is restricted to professional antigen presenting cells. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of healthy donors are negative for those antigens. Our recent study, however, found that PMN of patients with active Wegener's granulomatosis acquired MHC class II antigens. Methods. To continue and extend the previous study results, PMN and monocytes of 60 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, 24 patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 20 patients with acute bacterial infection, and 53 healthy donors were analyzed for the expression of MHC class II antigens as well as of CD80 and CD86. Moreover, induction on PMN of MHC class II expression was studied, as was antigen presentation as a possible functional consequence. Results. PMN of patients with acute, active Wegener's granulomatosis expressed MHC class II antigens, CD80 and CD86; on monocytes up-regulation of MHC class II was seen. In contrast, PMN of patients with inactive disease, or with relapse, patients with microscopic polyangiitis or with bacterial infections expressed neither MHC class II, nor CD80 or CD86. PMN of healthy donors acquired these antigens when cultured in the presence of T cells or T cell-derived cytokines. The PMN were then able to present to T cell antigens in a MHC-class II restricted manner. Conclusion. During active disease, the PMN of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis acquire characteristics of antigen presenting cells, whereas the PMN of patients with MPA or bacterial infection do not. The finding reflects differences in the pattern of the respective inflammatory response and suggests new effector functions of PMN. Moreover, MHC class II expression on PMN could serve as a novel marker for active Wegener's granulomatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
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20. Primary vasculitis in a Norwegian community hospital: A retrospective study.
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Haugeberg, G., Bie, R., Bendvold, A., Storm Larsen, A., and Johnsen, V.
- Abstract
Primary systemic vasculitic diseases are relatively rare. Untreated, they have a high morbidity and mortality. The introduction of steroids and cytotoxic drugs has dramatically reduced the mortality. In a retrospective study in a Norwegian community hospital, which serves a county with a population of 150 426 in 1996, 68 patients were found to have a primary vasculitis, 63 of whom fulfilled the ACR 1990 criteria. Patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura aged less than 16 years and patients with Kawasaki's disease were excluded. The overall prevalence was 43.9 per 100 000 inhabitants (Churg-Strauss syndrome 1.3, hypersensitivity vasculitis 2.7, Henoch-Schönlein purpura 3.3, polyarteritis nodosa 3.3, Wegener's granulomatosis 5.3 and temporal arteritis 27.9). In most cases, disease control was achieved with corticosteroids alone, or with the addition of cytotoxic drugs. Two patients had died in the latest 5-year period but of unrelated disorders. Biopsy plays a major role in diagnosing vasculitic disease. In our study, 62 patients had a positive biopsy supporting the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1998
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21. Enfrentamiento de las vasculitis primarias
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D. Santiago Rivero
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Vasculitis ,business.industry ,Primary vasculitis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Small vessel vasculitis ,small vessel vasculitis ,ateroesclerosis ,treatment primary vasculitis ,vasos sanguíneos ,Medicine ,business ,Humanities ,daño inmonológico del tejido ,ANCA positive vasculitis - Abstract
ResumenLas Vasculitis Primarias son enfermedades poco frecuentes, potencialmente fatales, sin causa etiológica conocida, que pueden comprometer a vasos sanguíneos de distinto tamaño, produciéndoles un proceso inflamatorio en la pared vascular, que conduce a la estrechez u obstrucción del vaso afectado, con consecuente isquemia o necrosis del tejido que irrigan. Sus manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser muy variadas, y frecuentemente inespecíficas. Sin embargo hay algunas que hacen sospechar el diagnóstico y que deben ser evaluadas con detalle.El estudio diagnóstico de las vasculitis primarias, implica varios aspectos que deben ser considerados. La actividad, la extensión, el daño visceral y el diagnóstico diferencial. En este sentido los exámenes bioquímicos; los exámenes funcionales organicos; los estudios de imágenes (radiológicos, tomografía computarizadas, resonancia magnética, radio isotópicas, y de Pet -CT); y la histopatología (biopsias de riñón, sistema nervioso periférico, pulmonar, etc.); y los estudios de autoanticuerpos (muy especialmente los ANCA, en vasculitis de pequeño vaso) ayudan a fundamentar el diagnóstico definitivo.Su tratamiento debe considerar dos etapas. Inicialmente la terapia de inducción de la remisión, y luego de lograrla, la de mantenimiento de la remisión. De la naturaleza de la vasculitis y del éxito que se logre con el tratamiento, dependerá su pronóstico.Las drogas tradicionales, más usadas en el tratamiento, y habitualmente más efectivas, son los corticoesteroides (orales o EV en bolos) y la ciclofosfamida (oral o preferentemente en bolos EV). Tambien se han usado la Azatioprina, el metotrexato, y el micofenolato mofetil, especialmente como mantenimiento de remisión. En los últimos años, se ha destacado el uso de terapia biológica, con anticuerpos monoclonales anti lifocitos B, el Rituximab, que resulta de gran utilidad, muy especialmente en las vasculitis de pequeño vaso ANCA positivo.El diagnóstico diferencial incluye patologías muy diversas; trombosis ateroesclerótica; embolias ateroescleróticas, embolias sépticas, el uso de drogas ilícitas, y la trombosis secundaria al Sindrome Antifosfolípido.SummaryPrimary vasculitis is an infrecuent desease, and may present in very different clinical pictures.Any size of blood vessels can be affected (aorta, large it; arteries, médium -size, and small), it may be produced by immunological tissue damage mechanisms.Classification of primary vasculitis usually consider both aspects.Histopathology includes, giant cells large vasculitis; granulomatous aortitis; systemic inflamatory necrotizing and segmentary médium size arterities;Granomalous necrotazing small vessel vasculitis, with or without eosinofilic infiltration; and leucocitoclastic small vessel vasculitis.Clinicians should be awared of this deseases in order to diagnose promptly and do a proper therapy.
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- 2012
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22. Management of Primary Small-Vessel Vasculitis.
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Nwannunu CE, Shah R, and Limmer AL
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- Humans, Systemic Vasculitis drug therapy, Blood Vessels, Systemic Vasculitis diagnosis
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Small-vessel vasculitides (SVV) are a group of disorders that occur due to primarily systemic inflammation or as sequelae of an infection, malignancy, or other rheumatic disease. Arising in any organ including the skin, the clinical features of SVV encompass a variety of manifestations. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment should be performed as management protocols widely differ. Although rare, physicians should be familiar with the common types of SVV to ensure prompt management and prevention of severe, life-threatening end-organ damage. Given the variable manifestations and associated etiologies of SVV, the following review aims to discuss the pathogenesis of more prevalent SVVs, highlight distinguishing features to aid in patient evaluation and diagnosis, and examine evidence-based management options for treatment and care., Competing Interests: All of the authors have no conflicts to declare for this work.
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- 2020
23. Primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumour: case report and literature review
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Qu, Song-Bin, Khan, Sofia, and Liu, Hua
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- 2009
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24. Historia del tratamiento de las vasculitis primarias
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Iglesias-Gamarra, Antonio, Peñaranda-Parada, Edgar, Cajas-Santana, Luis Javier, Quintana-López, Gerardo, Restrepo-Suárez, José Felix, Arbeláez-Cortés, Álvaro, and Rondón-Herrera, Federico
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vasculitis primarias ,granulomatosis con poliangeitis ,Wegener granulomatosis ,giant cell arteritis ,arteritis de Takayasu ,poliarteritis nodosa ,poliangeítis microscópica ,Primary vasculitis ,arteritis de células gigantes ,Takayasu arteritis ,microscopic poliangeitis - Abstract
Las vasculitis primarias constituyen un grupo de enfermedades reumáticas con expresión clínica variable y pronóstico reservado cuando no se tratan adecuadamente. En esta revisión haremos un análisis pormenorizado del tratamiento en las diferentes formas de vasculitis primaria, iniciando con el uso de los corticoides, desde casi su descubrimiento en 1949, pasando por otros inmunosupresores como: ciclofosfamida, metotrexate, azatioprina, mofetil, micofenolato, al igual que medicamentos biológicos como rituximab y anti-TNF. Una mención especial se hace sobre las guías de tratamientos para las vasculitis, tanto de grandes como de pequeños vasos, implementadas desde 2009 por el Grupo Europeo de Estudio de las Vasculitis. Primary vasculitis is one of the rheumatic diseases with variable clinical expression and poor prognosis when not treated properly. In this review we analyze detailed treatment of this disease in different forms of primary vasculitis, starting with the use of corticosteroids from almost its discovery in 1949, to other immunosuppressant's such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, as well as biological drugs such as rituximab and anti-TNF. Special mention is made on the guidelines of treatment for vasculitis of both large and small vessel, implemented since 2009 by the European Group Study of Vasculitis.
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- 2012
25. Epidemiología de las vasculitis primarias en Colombia y su relación con lo informado para Latinoamérica
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Ochoa, Carlos D, Ramírez, Fabián, Quintana, Gerardo, Toro, Carlos, Cañas, Carlos, Osio, Luis Fernando, Cantillo, Jorge, Rondón, Federico, Díaz, Mario, Coral, Paola, Chalem, Philip, Vásquez, Gloria, Uribe, Oscar, Ramírez, Luis Alberto, Quintana, Mario, Arana, Beatriz, Domínguez, Aura, Valle, Rafael, Candia, Liliana, Méndez, Odilio, Chalem, Monique, Restrepo, José Félix, and Iglesias-Gamarra A, Antonio
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Takayasu's arteritis ,vasculitis primarias ,arteritis de Takayasu ,epidemiology ,Latinoamérica ,primary vasculitis ,epidemiología ,vasculitis ANCA ,ANCA associated vasculitis - Abstract
Propuesta: las vasculitis primarias se expresan de forma variable entre pacientes y entre regiones, con frecuencias variables a través del mundo. Su incidencia promedio está calculada en 0,3 a 20 casos por millón de habitantes. Nosotros describimos la frecuencia de las vasculitis primarias en Colombia y la comparamos con lo informado en otros países de Latinoamérica (LA). Métodos: se revisó lo publicado en la literatura de vasculitis primaria en Colombia y en LA desde 1945 hasta 2007 en OLD Medline, Pub Med, BIREME, SciELO Colombia, LILACS. FEPAFEN, incluyendo publicaciones en inglés, español y portugués. La literatura incluye la información publicada del Hospital San Juan de Dios, Bogotá, Colombia y casos sin publicación enviados directamente por los autores. Nosotros calculamos el porcentaje para todos los casos que fueron informados para Colombia. Resultados: se identificaron 857 casos de vasculitis primaria en Colombia. La arteritis de Takayasu fue la vasculitis más frecuente en un 13,3% (114 casos) seguida de la enfermedad de Buerger en 11,2% (96 casos), las vasculitis cutáneas primarias y la poliarteritis nodosa en un 10% (86 casos) cada una. En niños, la vasculitis más frecuente fue la púrpura de Henoch Schönlein en un 24% (206 casos). En Latinoamérica se publicaron 177 artículos con 1605 casos informados. Se evidenció mayor presencia de arteritis de Takayasu en México y Brasil, y de poliangeítis microscópica en Chile y Perú. Conclusión: la mayoría de publicaciones sobre vasculitis primarias provienen de Europa, Norteamérica, Japón, Kuwait y Nueva Zelanda. Existen una serie de publicaciones y experiencia con estas patologías en LA. Un número considerable de publicaciones y casos con vasculitis primarias se han informado en Colombia en los recientes años, incluyendo la reciente descripción de la variante nodular de la vasculitis cutánea. La arteritis de Takayasu fue la variante más reportada del promedio de vasculitis, al igual que en Brasil y México. En contraposición a los hallazgos realizados en Brasil, Colombia y Mexico, las vasculitis asociadas a ANCA fueron la forma más informada en países como Chile y Perú. La mayoría de casos informados en LA provienen de México, siendo Colombia el segundo país en frecuencia. Es posible que exista más información pero no la conocemos, por no estar publicada. No existen estudios de incidencia y prevalencia. A escala mundial solo existen estudios de incidencia de las vasculitis primarias, y solo se han realizado estudios de incidencia y prevalencia en la granulomatosis de Wegener. Purpose: primary vasculitis occurs with variable expression in individual patients and regions, and variable frequency throughout the world. Their overall incidence has been calculated to be 40 cases per million populations. We sought to describe the frequency of vasculitis in Colombia and compare it with vasculitis reported from other countries of Latin America (LA). Methods: review of available published literature on vasculitis in LA from 1945 to 2007 in OLD Medline, Pub Med, BIREME, SciELO Colombia, LILACS, FEPAFEN, including publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The literature included published information from San Juan de Dios hospital, Bogota, Colombia, and unpublished cases submitted directly to the authors. We calculated the percentage of all cases which are reported from Colombia. Results: we identified 857 cases of primary vasculitis in Colombia. Takayasu arteritis was the most common vasculitis in 13.3% (114 cases) followed by Buerger's disease in 11.2% (96 cases), primary cutaneous vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa in a 10% (86 cases) each. In children, the vasculitis was more frequent in Henoch Schonlein purpura in 24% (206 cases). In Latin America, 177 articles were published in 1605 reported cases. It showed increased presence of Takayasu's arteritis in Mexico and Brazil, and microscopic poliangeiitis in Peru and Chile. Conclusion: while the majority of publications on primary vasculitis are from Europe and North America, there is a substantial literature and experience with these disorders in LA. A considerable number of publications and cases have emerged from Colombia in recent years, including case descriptions of a recently described variant of nodular cutaneous vasculitis. Takayasu arteritis was the most frequently reported form of primary vasculitis overall, and also from Brazil and Mexico. However, ANCA related vasculitis were the most commonly reported forms in Chile and Peru instead. The greatest numbers of cases were reported from Mexico, the LA's most populous country, with Colombia a close second.
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- 2009
26. Historia de las vasculitis primarias en Latinoamérica
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Iglesias-Gamarra, Antonio, Coral, Paola, Quintana, Gerardo, Toro, Carlos E, Álvarez, Fausto, Castillo, Jorge, Quintana, Mario, Rondón, Federico, Reyes, Pedro, Flórez, Luis Felipe, Matteson, Eric, Angulo, Juan, and Restrepo, José Félix
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poliarteritis nodosa (PAN) ,púrpura de Henoch -Schönlein ,vasculitis primaria ,Takayasu´s arteritis ,Henoch- Schönlein purpura ,poliangeítis microscópica ,primary vasculitis ,granulomatosis de Wegener ,tromboangeítis obliterans ,polyarteritis nodosa ,Kawasaki´s disease ,arteritis de Takayasu ,microscopic polyangeitis ,enfermedad de Kawasaki ,Wegener´granulomatosis ,Churg-Strauss´s syndrome ,síndrome de Churg-Strauss ,thromboangeitis obliterans - Abstract
En este artículo se hace una revisión extensa sobre las vasculitis primarias y se recopila la información latinoamericana que aparece referen-ciada en las más importantes bases de datos mundiales en inglés, español y portugués, desde el año 1945 hasta septiembre del año 2007. Igualmente se establecieron varios contactos con reumatólogos o médicos interesados en este tópico. Se realizaron búsquedas secundarias de los estudios que aparecieran citados en los artículos seleccionados y se revisaron manualmente abstracts de congresos. In this paper an extensive review about primary vasculitis and Latino American information that appears referenced in the most important world wide data bases in English, Spanish and Portuguese from 1945 to september 2007, is compiled. Several contacts with rheumatologist or physician interested in this topic were made. Also secondary searches of the studies that appeared mentioned in selected articles were made and the abstracts of congresses were reviewed manually.
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- 2007
27. Vasculitis primarias: 62 años de historia en Colombia
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Cantillo Turbay, Jorge de Jesús, Restrepo Suárez, José Félix, Coral, Paola, Álvarez, Fausto, Rondón Herrera, Federico, Sánchez Contreras, Álvaro, Vásquez D., Gloria María, Cañas, Carlos Alberto, Chalem, Monique, Díaz, Mario, and Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio
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research ,vasculitis primarias ,investigation ,investigación ,vasculitis idiopáticas ,biomedical publications ,publicaciones biomédicas ,Colombia ,primary vasculitis ,idiopathic vasculitis - Abstract
Objetivo: revisar la casuística colombiana en vasculitis idiopáticas desde el primer caso informado. Material y métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura e identificación de casos clínicos publicados desde 1945 a 2006 en PubMed, BIREME, SciELO Colombia, LILACS, BVS Colombia y búsqueda manual en los Sistemas de Bibliotecas de las principales universidades colombianas. Resultados: fueron identificados 3 estudios para “Periarteritis nodosa”, 11 para Arteritis de Takayasu, 1 para Vasculitis de Células Gigantes, 8 para PAN Clásica, 10 para enfermedad de Kawasaki, 19 para granulomatosis de Wegener, 7 para Síndrome de Churg-Straüss, 8 para Poliangeítis microscópica, 5 para púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein, 9 para Enfermedad de Buerger, 2 para Angeítis primaria del SNC, 3 para Vasculitis cutáneas primarias, 1 para Vasculitis primaria de nervio periférico y 1 para vasculitis crioglobulinémica para un total de 540 casos informados. Conclusiones: durante los últimos 62 años, las instituciones colombianas publicaron 69 artículos de casos clínicos (540 casos fueron informados), de los cuales 7 artículos fueron publicados en revistas extranjeras. Estas cifras son más bajas que las de otros países de la región (últimos 22 años y sin tener en cuenta la búsqueda manual en los Sistemas de Bibliotecas de esos países) como Brasil, México, Chile o Argentina. A pesar de los esfuerzos de algunas instituciones o autores, Colombia continúa con una baja producción en este campo. Objective: to review colombian case history of idiopathic vasculitis from the first reported case. Materials and methods: systematic review of the literature, identifying published clinical cases since 1945 to 2006 in MEDLINE, SciELO Colombia, LILACS, and BVS Colombia. Manual search through the library systems of the largest universities in Colombia. Results: we identified 3 studies of Periarteritis nodosa, 11 studies of Takayasu’s arteritis, 1 study of giant cell arteritides, 8 studies of classic PAN, 10 studies of Kawasaki’s disease, 19 studies of Wegener’s granulomatosis, 7 studies of Churg-Straüss disease, 8 studies of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 5 studies of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 9 studies of Buerger’s disease, 2 studies of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System, 3 studies of primary cutaneous angiitis, 1 study of peripheral nerve vasculitis, and 1 study of Cryoglobulinemia. In total 540 cases have been reported. Conclusions: during the past 62 years Colombian institutions have published 69 articles about clinical cases covering the 540 reported cases of idiopathic vasculitis. Of these articles 7 were published in foreign journals. These figures are considerably lower than the numbers for other countries in the region such as Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Argentina. Despite the efforts of some institutions and authors, Colombia continues at a low level of output in this field.
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- 2006
28. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in Wegener's granulomatosis acquire characteristics of antigen presenting cells
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Christof Wagner, Christof Iking-Konert, Gertrud Maria Hänsch, Saskia Vogt, Markus Radsak, and Konrad Andrassy
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Adult ,Male ,Vasculitis ,Neutrophils ,T cell ,Antigen presentation ,Antigen-Presenting Cells ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Antigen ,Antigens, CD ,Reference Values ,medicine ,Humans ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,MHC class II ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,biology ,business.industry ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ,hemic and immune systems ,Bacterial Infections ,primary vasculitis ,Middle Aged ,PMN ,antigen presentation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,MHC class II antigens ,Nephrology ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,B7-1 Antigen ,Female ,B7-2 Antigen ,business ,ANCA-associated vasculitis ,CD80 - Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in Wegener's granulomatosis acquire characteristics of antigen presenting cells. Background Constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens and of the co-stimulatory receptors CD80 and CD86 is restricted to professional antigen presenting cells. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) of healthy donors are negative for those antigens. Our recent study, however, found that PMN of patients with active Wegener's granulomatosis acquired MHC class II antigens. Methods To continue and extend the previous study results, PMN and monocytes of 60 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, 24 patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 20 patients with acute bacterial infection, and 53 healthy donors were analyzed for the expression of MHC class II antigens as well as of CD80 and CD86. Moreover, induction on PMN of MHC class II expression was studied, as was antigen presentation as a possible functional consequence. Results PMN of patients with acute, active Wegener's granulomatosis expressed MHC class II antigens, CD80 and CD86; on monocytes up-regulation of MHC class II was seen. In contrast, PMN of patients with inactive disease, or with relapse, patients with microscopic polyangiitis or with bacterial infections expressed neither MHC class II, nor CD80 or CD86. PMN of healthy donors acquired these antigens when cultured in the presence of T cells or T cell-derived cytokines. The PMN were then able to present to T cell antigens in a MHC-class II restricted manner. Conclusion During active disease, the PMN of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis acquire characteristics of antigen presenting cells, whereas the PMN of patients with MPA or bacterial infection do not. The finding reflects differences in the pattern of the respective inflammatory response and suggests new effector functions of PMN. Moreover, MHC class II expression on PMN could serve as a novel marker for active Wegener's granulomatosis.
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- 2001
29. An Approach to the Evaluation and Management of Vasculitis.
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Houchens, Nathan and Parekh, Vikas
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- 2014
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30. Wegener's granulomatosis is associated with organ-specific antiendothelial cell antibodies
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Carolina Holmén, Johan Bratt, Marta Christensson, Azza Karrar, Pär Stjärne, Erna Pettersson, and Suchitra Sumitran-Holgersson
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Systemic disease ,Umbilical Veins ,inflammatory cytokines ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inflammation ,Nose ,Kidney ,Immunophenotyping ,Interferon-gamma ,antiendothelial cell antibodies ,Antigen ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung ,Autoantibodies ,microscopic polyangiitis ,business.industry ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Complement Fixation Tests ,Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ,Endothelial Cells ,primary vasculitis ,medicine.disease ,Wegener's granulomatosis ,Cytokine ,Nephrology ,Organ Specificity ,Immunology ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Endothelium, Vascular ,medicine.symptom ,Microscopic polyangiitis ,Vasculitis ,business ,Systemic vasculitis - Abstract
Wegener's granulomatosis is associated with organ-specific antiendothelial cell antibodies. Background Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA), usually detected using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), are frequently observed in systemic vasculitis, but their pathogenic role is unclear. Heterogeneity of endothelial cells necessitates use of clinically relevant endothelial cells for elucidation of the role of AECA in systemic vasculitis involving small blood vessels of specific organs. Methods Human endothelial cells were isolated from normal tissue specimens from the nose, kidney, lung, liver, and umbilical vein. Using flow cytometry, AECA were detected against both unstimulated and cytokine-stimulated [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] endothelial cells. Functional capacity of AECA was determined by complement fixation assay. Sera from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (16), limited Wegener's granulomatosis (8), renal limited disease (4), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (5), rheumatoid arthritis (10), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (9), and from healthy controls (20) were analyzed. Results Compared with controls ( 1 ) Wegener's granulomatosis is significantly associated with noncytotoxic AECA that selectively bind surface antigens on unstimulated nasal, kidney, and lung endothelial cells; ( 2 ) binding of Wegener's granulomatosis AECA to kidney and nasal endothelial cells in particular was lost upon treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α; ( 3 ) the two cytokines per se were cytotoxic (30%) to nasal and lung endothelial cells and lysis was further increased (60%) by addition of systemic vasculitis serum; and ( 4 ) Wegener's granulomatosis serum caused agglutination of cytokine-stimulated nasal endothelial cells. Conclusion Based on these findings we suggest that AECA may be one factor involved in the initiation of Wegener's granulomatosis. Antigen identification and elucidation of the pathogenic roles of AECA and inflammatory cytokines in systemic vasculitis using these cells will be particularly important.
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31. Cardiovascular complications and endothelial dysfunction in primary vasculitis
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Leonid Strizhakov, Moiseev, S. V., Semenkova, E. N., and Kuznetsova, E. I.
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lcsh:R ,cardiovascular complications ,lcsh:Medicine ,primary vasculitis ,endothelial dysfunction - Abstract
Russian and foreign data on development of atherosclerosis in patients with primary vasculitis are analysed. The discussion covers the role of risk factors, features of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in primary vasculitis, diagnostic and therapeutic methods in this disease.
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