31 results on '"primary healthcare clinics"'
Search Results
2. The association between renal impairment and polypharmacy among older Palestinian patients: a multi-center cross-sectional study
- Author
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Shayma Naghnaghia, Zaher Nazzal, Layan Abu Alya, Rowa’ AL-Ramahi, Zakaria Hamdan, and Esra’a Samara
- Subjects
Elderly ,Impaired renal function ,Polypharmacy ,Primary healthcare clinics ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine the association between renal impairment and polypharmacy among older Palestinian patients visiting primary healthcare centers and to examine potentially inappropriate medications among older patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among PHC clinic attendees aged 65 and older. We used medical records and an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection. Participants with eGFR less than 60mls/min/1.73 m2 were categorized as renal impaired; we then calculated the prevalence of renal impairment and used Poisson multivariable regression model with robust variance to identify associated factors. Beer’s criteria and literature reviews were used to evaluate renal impairment patients’ medication and to determine the frequency of PIPs. Results The study included 421 participants (224 female, 197 male), and 66.3% were between the ages of 65 and 75. The prevalence of renal impairment was 30.2% (95%CI: 25.8–34.6%). Polypharmacy [aPR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.7–4.3], stroke [aPR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.1–2.3], females [aPR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2–2.5], and older patients over the age of 80 [aPR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.6–3.5] were the main factors associated with renal impairment. RAAS (54.3%), metformin (39.3%), and sulfonylurea (20.4%) were the most frequently reported PIP in renal impairment patients. Conclusion This study demonstrates a relationship between polypharmacy and renal impairment. Some people with renal impairment receive drugs that those with kidney illness should avoid or use with caution. It is important to prescribe only necessary medication, choose non-nephrotoxic alternatives, and frequently monitor renal function.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The association between renal impairment and polypharmacy among older Palestinian patients: a multi-center cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Naghnaghia, Shayma, Nazzal, Zaher, Abu Alya, Layan, AL-Ramahi, Rowa', Hamdan, Zakaria, and Samara, Esra'a
- Subjects
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RESEARCH , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *KIDNEY failure , *POLYPHARMACY , *ARABS , *CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *REGRESSION analysis , *INTERVIEWING , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *POISSON distribution - Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between renal impairment and polypharmacy among older Palestinian patients visiting primary healthcare centers and to examine potentially inappropriate medications among older patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among PHC clinic attendees aged 65 and older. We used medical records and an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection. Participants with eGFR less than 60mls/min/1.73 m2 were categorized as renal impaired; we then calculated the prevalence of renal impairment and used Poisson multivariable regression model with robust variance to identify associated factors. Beer's criteria and literature reviews were used to evaluate renal impairment patients' medication and to determine the frequency of PIPs. Results: The study included 421 participants (224 female, 197 male), and 66.3% were between the ages of 65 and 75. The prevalence of renal impairment was 30.2% (95%CI: 25.8–34.6%). Polypharmacy [aPR = 2.7, 95%CI: 1.7–4.3], stroke [aPR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.1–2.3], females [aPR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2–2.5], and older patients over the age of 80 [aPR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.6–3.5] were the main factors associated with renal impairment. RAAS (54.3%), metformin (39.3%), and sulfonylurea (20.4%) were the most frequently reported PIP in renal impairment patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a relationship between polypharmacy and renal impairment. Some people with renal impairment receive drugs that those with kidney illness should avoid or use with caution. It is important to prescribe only necessary medication, choose non-nephrotoxic alternatives, and frequently monitor renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Preventing antenatal stillbirths: An innovative approach for primary health care.
- Author
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Hlongwane, Tsakane M., Botha, Tanita, Nkosi, Bongani S., and Pattinson, Robert C.
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PREGNANT women , *FETAL growth retardation , *PERINATAL death , *RISK assessment , *PRIMARY health care , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DOPPLER ultrasonography , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *UMBILICAL arteries , *PRENATAL care , *FETAL ultrasonic imaging , *DIFFUSION of innovations , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: In South Africa (SA), approximately 16 000 stillbirths occur annually. Most are classified as unexplained and occur in district hospitals. Many of these deaths may be caused by undetected foetal growth restriction. Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical artery (CWDU-UmA) is a simple method for assessing placental function. This screening method may detect the foetus at risk of dying and growth-restricted foetuses, allowing for appropriate management. Methods: A cohort study was conducted across South Africa. Pregnant women attending primary health care clinics at 28--34 weeks gestation were screened using CWDU-UmA. Women not screened at those antenatal clinics served as control group 1. Control group 2 consisted of the subset of control group 1 with women detected with antenatal complications excluded. Women with foetuses identified with an abnormal CWDU-UmA test were referred and managed according to a standardised protocol. A comparison between the study and control groups was performed. Results: The study group consisted of 6536 pregnancies, and there were 66 stillbirths (stillbirth rate [SBR]: 10.1/1000 births). In control group 1, there were 193 stillbirths in 10 832 women (SBR: 17.8/1000 births), and in control group 2, 152 stillbirths in 9811 women (SBR: 15.5/1000 births) (risk ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence intervals: 0.29--0.85 and 0.65, 0.36--0.94, respectively). Conclusion: Screening a low-risk pregnant population identified the low-risk mother with a high-risk foetus, and acting on the information as described was associated with a significant reduction (35% -- 43%) in stillbirths. This demonstrates a step-change reduction in stillbirths and warrants screening in SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Preventing antenatal stillbirths: An innovative approach for primary health care
- Author
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Tsakane M. Hlongwane, Tanita Botha, Bongani S. Nkosi, and Robert C. Pattinson
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antenatal care ,pregnancy ,primary healthcare clinics ,stillbirths ,doppler ,umbilical artery blood flow ,foetal growth restriction ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: In South Africa (SA), approximately 16 000 stillbirths occur annually. Most are classified as unexplained and occur in district hospitals. Many of these deaths may be caused by undetected foetal growth restriction. Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical artery (CWDU-UmA) is a simple method for assessing placental function. This screening method may detect the foetus at risk of dying and growth-restricted foetuses, allowing for appropriate management. Methods: A cohort study was conducted across South Africa. Pregnant women attending primary health care clinics at 28–34 weeks gestation were screened using CWDU-UmA. Women not screened at those antenatal clinics served as control group 1. Control group 2 consisted of the subset of control group 1 with women detected with antenatal complications excluded. Women with foetuses identified with an abnormal CWDU-UmA test were referred and managed according to a standardised protocol. A comparison between the study and control groups was performed. Results: The study group consisted of 6536 pregnancies, and there were 66 stillbirths (stillbirth rate [SBR]: 10.1/1000 births). In control group 1, there were 193 stillbirths in 10 832 women (SBR: 17.8/1000 births), and in control group 2, 152 stillbirths in 9811 women (SBR: 15.5/1000 births) (risk ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence intervals: 0.29–0.85 and 0.65, 0.36–0.94, respectively). Conclusion: Screening a low-risk pregnant population identified the low-risk mother with a high-risk foetus, and acting on the information as described was associated with a significant reduction (35% – 43%) in stillbirths. This demonstrates a step-change reduction in stillbirths and warrants screening in SA.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial to improve the quality of integrated HIV‐tuberculosis services in primary healthcareclinics in South Africa.
- Author
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Gengiah, Santhanalakshmi, Barker, Pierre M., Yende‐Zuma, Nonhlanhla, Mbatha, Mduduzi, Naidoo, Shane, Taylor, Myra, Loveday, Marian, Mhlongo, Mesuli, Jackson, Clark, Nunn, Andrew J., Padayatchi, Nesri, Karim, Salim S. Abdool, and Naidoo, Kogieleum
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HIV-positive persons , *RURAL health clinics , *CLINICAL supervision , *CAUSES of death , *CLINICAL competence , *VIRAL load , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents - Abstract
Introduction: : Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common cause of death among people living with HIV. Integrating HIV and TB services reduces mortality but is sub‐optimally implemented. Quality improvement (QI) methods offer a low‐cost and easily implementable approach to strengthening healthcare delivery systems. This trial assessed a QI intervention on key process indicators for delivering integrated HIV‐TB care in rural South African primary healthcare (PHC) clinics. Methods: Sixteen nurse supervisors, (each with a cluster of clinics) overseeing 40 PHC clinics, were randomized 1:1 to the intervention or the standard of care (SOC) groups. The QI intervention comprised three key components: clinical and QI skills training, on‐site mentorship of nurse supervisors and clinic staff, and data quality improvement activities to enhance accuracy and completeness of routine clinic data. The SOC comprised monthly supervision and data feedback meetings. From 01 December 2016 to 31 December 2018, data were collected monthly by a team of study‐appointed data capturers from all study clinics. This study's outcomes were HIV testing services (HTS), TB screening, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) initiation and viral load (VL) testing. Results: The QI group (eight clusters) comprised 244 clinic staff who attended to 13,347 patients during the trial compared to the SOC group (eight clusters) with 217 clinic staff who attended to 8141 patients. QI mentors completed 85% (510/600) of expected QI mentorship visits to QI clinics. HTS was 19% higher [94.5% vs. 79.6%; relative risk (RR)=1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.38; p=0.029] and IPT initiation was 66% higher (61.2 vs. 36.8; RR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.02–2.72; p=0·044), in the QI group compared to SOC group. The percentage of patients screened for TB (83.4% vs. 79.3%; RR=1.05; p=0.448), initiated on ART (91.7 vs. 95.5; RR=0.96; p=0.172) and VL testing (72.2% vs. 72.8%; RR=0.99; p=0.879) was similar in both groups. Conclusions: QI improved HIV testing and IPT initiation compared to SOC. TB screening, ART initiation and VL testing remained similar. Incorporating QI methods into routine supervision and support activities may strengthen integrated HIV‐TB service delivery and increase the success of future QI scale‐up activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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7. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial to improve the quality of integrated HIV‐tuberculosis services in primary healthcareclinics in South Africa
- Author
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Santhanalakshmi Gengiah, Pierre M. Barker, Nonhlanhla Yende‐Zuma, Mduduzi Mbatha, Shane Naidoo, Myra Taylor, Marian Loveday, Mesuli Mhlongo, Clark Jackson, Andrew J. Nunn, Nesri Padayatchi, Salim S. Abdool Karim, and Kogieleum Naidoo
- Subjects
cluster‐randomized ,collaboratives ,HIV‐TB services ,integration ,primary healthcare clinics ,quality improvement ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction : Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common cause of death among people living with HIV. Integrating HIV and TB services reduces mortality but is sub‐optimally implemented. Quality improvement (QI) methods offer a low‐cost and easily implementable approach to strengthening healthcare delivery systems. This trial assessed a QI intervention on key process indicators for delivering integrated HIV‐TB care in rural South African primary healthcare (PHC) clinics. Methods Sixteen nurse supervisors, (each with a cluster of clinics) overseeing 40 PHC clinics, were randomized 1:1 to the intervention or the standard of care (SOC) groups. The QI intervention comprised three key components: clinical and QI skills training, on‐site mentorship of nurse supervisors and clinic staff, and data quality improvement activities to enhance accuracy and completeness of routine clinic data. The SOC comprised monthly supervision and data feedback meetings. From 01 December 2016 to 31 December 2018, data were collected monthly by a team of study‐appointed data capturers from all study clinics. This study's outcomes were HIV testing services (HTS), TB screening, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) initiation and viral load (VL) testing. Results The QI group (eight clusters) comprised 244 clinic staff who attended to 13,347 patients during the trial compared to the SOC group (eight clusters) with 217 clinic staff who attended to 8141 patients. QI mentors completed 85% (510/600) of expected QI mentorship visits to QI clinics. HTS was 19% higher [94.5% vs. 79.6%; relative risk (RR)=1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.38; p=0.029] and IPT initiation was 66% higher (61.2 vs. 36.8; RR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.02–2.72; p=0·044), in the QI group compared to SOC group. The percentage of patients screened for TB (83.4% vs. 79.3%; RR=1.05; p=0.448), initiated on ART (91.7 vs. 95.5; RR=0.96; p=0.172) and VL testing (72.2% vs. 72.8%; RR=0.99; p=0.879) was similar in both groups. Conclusions QI improved HIV testing and IPT initiation compared to SOC. TB screening, ART initiation and VL testing remained similar. Incorporating QI methods into routine supervision and support activities may strengthen integrated HIV‐TB service delivery and increase the success of future QI scale‐up activities.
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- 2021
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8. Reasons for non-compliance with quality standards at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni, South Africa
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Lebuile J. Mogakwe, Hafisa Ally, and Nomasonto B.D. Magobe
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reasons ,non-compliance ,quality standards ,primary healthcare clinics ,ekurhuleni ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: The South African Minister of Health stated that compliance with quality standards in health services is non-negotiable as it is fundamental in improving South Africa’s current poor health outcomes, restoring patient and staff confidence in the public healthcare system, achieving widespread sustainable development and providing basic quality healthcare in South Africa. Non-compliance with quality standards, as evidenced by increased quality-related queries from the community, prompted the researcher to explore and describe the reasons for such at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni. Aim: This study sought to explore and describe the reasons for non-compliance with quality standards at the primary healthcare in Ekurhuleni in order to propose recommendations to facilitate compliance with quality standards. Setting: The study was conducted at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni, one of the metropolitan districts, situated in an area east of the Gauteng province. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used for this study. Participants were purposefully selected from the population and consisted of individuals who willingly consented to participate. Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Results: The study findings revealed challenges with management practices, for example, non-involvement in decision-making, lack of support and poor internal communication practices. In addition, challenges with human, material and financial resources were stated as reasons for non-compliance with quality standards. Conclusion: Recommendations to facilitate compliance with quality standards were described, which included implementation of effective management practices and allocation of adequate healthcare resources required to facilitate such compliance.
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- 2020
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9. Conveying hypertension message: An investigation into the language and content used in primary health clinics in South Africa
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Nokuthula G. Nkosi-Mafutha, Hester C. de Swardt, and Sophie Mogotlane
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hypertension ,health education ,language ,health promoters ,primary healthcare clinics ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a global health burden affecting developed and developing countries, and South Africa is no exception. Aim: This article aims to highlight the language and content used in health education on hypertension in primary healthcare (PHC) by health promoters and in pamphlets. Methods: The study design was quantitative descriptive. The population comprised a purposive selected sample of 12 health promoters in 12 PHC clinics and 50 pamphlets relating to health education on hypertension. An audio recorder was used to record health education provided by health promoters. Quantitative content analysis and frequency distribution was used to analyse the data. Results: The health promoters used various South African languages mixed with English (code switching). Patients were taught about lifestyle modifications and encouraged to adhere to management therapy. The switching in language usage may affect the understanding of those who do not speak the local language and that may explain the reason for lack of hypertension-suited life modification required by health education. Conclusion: It is important that heath education on hypertension should be standardised so that the content of health education in clinic A is similar to that in clinic B. Information contained in pamphlets should be summarised and standardised to the content presented by health promoters.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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10. Operational assessment of point-of-care diagnostics in rural primary healthcare clinics of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey
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T. P. Mashamba-Thompson, B. Sartorius, and P. K. Drain
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Point-of-care test ,Diagnostic testing ,Primary healthcare clinics ,Rural health ,Health services ,KwaZulu-Natal ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) called for new clinical diagnostic for settings with limited access to laboratory services. Access to diagnostic testing may not be uniform in rural settings, which may result in poor access to essential healthcare services. The aim of this study is to determine the availability, current usage, and need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests among rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. Methods We used the KZN’s Department of Health (DoH) clinic classification to identify the 232 rural PHC clinics in KZN, South Africa. We then randomly sampled 100 of 232 rural PHC clinics. Selected health clinics were surveyed between April to August 2015 to obtain clinic-level data for health-worker volume and to determine the accessibility, availability, usage and need for POC tests. Professional healthcare workers responsible for POC testing at each clinic were interviewed to assess the awareness of POC testing. Data were survey weighted and analysed using Stata 13. Results Among 100 rural clinics, the average number of patients seen per week was 2865 ± 2231 (range 374–11,731). The average number of POC tests available and in use was 6.3 (CI: 6.2–6.5) out of a potential of 51 tests. The following POC tests were universally available in all rural clinics: urine total protein, urine leukocytes, urine nitrate, urine pregnancy, HIV antibody and blood glucose test. The average number of desired POC diagnostic tests reported by the clinical staff was estimated at 15 (CI: 13–17) per clinic. The most requested POC tests reported were serum creatinine (37%), CD4 count (37%), cholesterol (32%), tuberculosis (31%), and HIV viral load (23%). Conclusion Several POC tests are widely available and in use at rural PHC clinics in South Africa’s KZN province. However, healthcare workers have requested additional POC tests to improve detection and management of priority disease conditions. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02692274
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. Reasons for non-compliance with quality standards at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni, South Africa.
- Author
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Mogakwe, Lebuile J., Ally, Hafisa, and Magobe, Nomasonto B.D.
- Subjects
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QUALITY standards , *NONCOMPLIANCE , *PUBLIC support , *CLINICS , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
Background: The South African Minister of Health stated that compliance with quality standards in health services is non-negotiable as it is fundamental in improving South Africa's current poor health outcomes, restoring patient and staff confidence in the public healthcare system, achieving widespread sustainable development and providing basic quality healthcare in South Africa. Non-compliance with quality standards, as evidenced by increased quality-related queries from the community, prompted the researcher to explore and describe the reasons for such at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni. Aim: This study sought to explore and describe the reasons for non-compliance with quality standards at the primary healthcare in Ekurhuleni in order to propose recommendations to facilitate compliance with quality standards. Setting: The study was conducted at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni, one of the metropolitan districts, situated in an area east of the Gauteng province. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used for this study. Participants were purposefully selected from the population and consisted of individuals who willingly consented to participate. Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Results: The study findings revealed challenges with management practices, for example, non-involvement in decision-making, lack of support and poor internal communication practices. In addition, challenges with human, material and financial resources were stated as reasons for non-compliance with quality standards. Conclusion: Recommendations to facilitate compliance with quality standards were described, which included implementation of effective management practices and allocation of adequate healthcare resources required to facilitate such compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Conveying hypertension message: An investigation into the language and content used in primary health clinics in South Africa.
- Author
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Nkosi-Mafutha, Nokuthula G., de Swardt, Hester C., and Mogotlane, Sophie
- Subjects
- *
CLINICS , *HYPERTENSION , *HEALTH education , *AFRICAN languages , *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *MEDICAL transcription - Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a global health burden affecting developed and developing countries, and South Africa is no exception. Aim: This article aims to highlight the language and content used in health education on hypertension in primary healthcare (PHC) by health promoters and in pamphlets. Methods: The study design was quantitative descriptive. The population comprised a purposive selected sample of 12 health promoters in 12 PHC clinics and 50 pamphlets relating to health education on hypertension. An audio recorder was used to record health education provided by health promoters. Quantitative content analysis and frequency distribution was used to analyse the data. Results: The health promoters used various South African languages mixed with English (code switching). Patients were taught about lifestyle modifications and encouraged to adhere to management therapy. The switching in language usage may affect the understanding of those who do not speak the local language and that may explain the reason for lack of hypertension-suited life modification required by health education. Conclusion: It is important that heath education on hypertension should be standardised so that the content of health education in clinic A is similar to that in clinic B. Information contained in pamphlets should be summarised and standardised to the content presented by health promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Assessment of the Impact of Rapid Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Primary Healthcare Clinic Settings: A Survey Study of Client and Provider Perspectives
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Shabashini Reddy, Andrew Gibbs, Elizabeth Spooner, Noluthando Ngomane, Tarylee Reddy, Nozipho |Luthuli, Gita Ramjee, Anna Coutsoudis, and Photini Kiepiela
- Subjects
point-of-care cd4+ t testing ,qualitative survey ,acceptability ,patients ,healthcare providers ,primary healthcare clinics ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: The high burden of disease in South Africa presents challenges to public health services. Point-of-care (POC) technologies have the potential to address these gaps and improve healthcare systems. This study ascertained the acceptability and impact of POC CD4 testing on patients’ health and clinical management. Methods: We conducted a qualitative survey study with patients (n = 642) and healthcare providers (n = 13) at the Lancers Road (experienced POC) and Chesterville (non-experienced POC) primary healthcare (PHC) clinics from September 2015 to June 2016. Results: Patients (99%) at Lancers and Chesterville PHCs were positive about POC CD4 testing, identifying benefits: No loss/delay of test results (6.4%), cost/time saving (19.5%), and no anxiety (5.1%), and 58.2% were ready to initiate treatment. Significantly more patients at Chesterville than Lancers Road PHC felt POC would provide rapid clinical decision making (64.7% vs. 48.1%; p < 0.0001) and better clinic accessibility (40.4% vs. 24.7%; p < 0.0001) respectively. Healthcare providers thought same-day CD4 results would impact: Clinical management (46.2%), patient readiness (46.2%), and adherence (23.0%), and would reduce follow-up visits (7.7%), while 38.5% were concerned that further tests and training (15.4%) were required before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Conclusion: The high acceptability of POC CD4 testing and the immediate health, structural, and clinical management benefits necessitates POC implementation studies.
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- 2020
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14. Provision of antiretroviral therapy for children in Nelson Mandela Bay: Health care professionals’ challenges
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Margaret Williams, Dalena R.M. Van Rooyen, and Esmeralda J. Ricks
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Antiretroviral therapy ,children ,healthcare professionals ,primary healthcare clinics ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus and/or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic continues to increase in prevalence worldwide, particularly in South Africa, and includes the often overlooked paediatric population. The provision of paediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) is as essential for children as for adults, and has numerous obstacles, not least of which is lack of decentralisation of facilities to provide essential treatment. Optimising ART, care and support for HIV-positive children, and their caregivers, at public sector primary health care (PHC) clinics is crucial to improve morbidity and mortality rates in children. Aim: To explore the experiences of health care professionals regarding the provision of ART for children at PHC clinics. Setting: The study was conducted in six PHC clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methodology: The researchers used a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design with in-depth interviews. We used non-probability purposive sampling. Data collected were thematically analysed using Creswell’s data analysis spiral. We used Lincoln and Guba’s model to ensure trustworthiness. Ethical standards were applied. Results: Health care professionals experienced numerous challenges, such as lack of resources, need for training, mentoring and debriefing, all related to providing decentralised ART for HIV-positive children at the PHC level. Conclusion: Capacitation of the health care system, integration of services, competent management and visionary leadership to invoke a collaborative interdisciplinary team approach is required to ensure that HIV is treated as a chronic disease at the PHC clinic level.
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- 2018
- Full Text
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15. Implementation and Scale Up of Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings.
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Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani, Drain, Paul K., and Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani
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Humanities ,Social interaction ,COVID-19 era ,Ghana ,HIV self-testing ,Nigeria ,Upper East Region ,acceptability ,access to healthcare ,antenatal care ,artificial intelligence ,augmented reality ,barriers to diagnostics ,blockchain ,blood group ,case management ,diagnosis ,electronic health information system ,end-user perspectives ,geographical access ,glucose-6-phosphate dioxygenase deficiency ,healthcare providers ,healthcare services ,implementation ,interrupted time series ,key stakeholder ,low and middle income countries ,maternal healthcare ,maternal mortality ,medical education ,neglected tropical diseases ,nominal group technique ,novel coronavirus disease-19 ,patients ,point of care ultrasound ,point-of-care ,point-of-care CD4+ t testing ,point-of-care diagnostics ,point-of-care testing ,point-of-care ultrasound ,point-of-care-ultrasound ,primary healthcare clinics ,qualitative survey ,quality HIV point-of-care-diagnostics ,rhesus type ,scale-up ,schistosomiasis ,segmented regression analysis ,self-testing ,spatial accessibility ,stakeholder engagement ,syphilis ,telemedicine ,treatment ,ultrasound ,upper east region - Abstract
Summary: Scale up and implementation of new point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is a global health priority to enable the adoption of new evidence-based POC diagnostics and to replicate and extend the reach of POC diagnostics. Global private and public sector agencies have significantly increased their investment in the development of POC diagnostics to meet the unmet needs of patients in resource-limited settings, particularly disease burdened settings with limited access to laboratory infrastructure. However, previous research has demonstrated that the availability of health technologies in these settings does not always guarantee patient-centered outcomes. The applicability, effectiveness and sustainability of diagnostic technologies is affected by the involvement of all stakeholders during planning and implementation, which must be relevant to each specific context and sensitive to local culture. Factors such as infrastructure, resources, values and characteristics of participants can influence the implementation, scalability and sustainability of health interventions such as POC diagnostics. This book, "Implementation and Scale up of Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings", presents literature reviews and primary research studies focusing on the implementation and scale up of POC diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
16. Exploring the role of pharmacists in private primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia: the views of general practitioners.
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Saw, Pui San, Nissen, Lisa, Freeman, Christopher, Wong, Pei Se, and Mak, Vivienne
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FAMILY medicine , *FOCUS groups , *HEALTH care teams , *OUTPATIENT services in hospitals , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH methodology , *PHARMACISTS , *STATISTICAL sampling , *QUALITATIVE research , *JUDGMENT sampling , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *THEMATIC analysis , *DATA analysis software , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background Private general practitioners ( GPs) in Malaysia mainly operate solo practices with little interdisciplinary collaboration or co-ordination with other healthcare providers which potentially fragments and limits patient care. Pharmacists as medication experts can contribute to the private primary care sector using their influence to ensure quality use of medicines. Aim To explore the views of private GPs in Malaysia on integration of pharmacists into private primary healthcare clinics. Method A combination of purposive and snowballing sampling was used to recruit private sector GPs to participate in focus groups and semi-structured interviews in Malaysia. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using NVivo 10. Results Thirteen private GPs participated in one focus group and ten semi-structured interviews. Four major themes were identified: (i) poor understanding of pharmacists' roles; (ii) readiness to accept pharmacists in private primary healthcare clinics; (iii) lack of confidence and trust in pharmacists; and (iv) perceived increased costs with pharmacist integration. Results indicated participants' views and acceptance were largely influenced by the amount of exposure and experience they had working alongside pharmacists. Participants viewed a lack of confidence in pharmacists and increase in costs associated with an employed pharmacist within private primary healthcare clinics as barriers to integration. Conclusion Private GPs expressed reservations toward this new model due to the lack of understanding of pharmacists' roles and responsibilities. There is a need for awareness among private GPs on pharmacists' roles to improve their acceptance of the integration of pharmacists into private primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial to improve the quality of integrated HIV‐tuberculosis services in primary healthcareclinics in South Africa
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Clark Jackson, Andrew J. Nunn, Kogieleum Naidoo, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Myra Taylor, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Mduduzi Mbatha, Nesri Padayatchi, Marian Loveday, Shane Naidoo, Pierre M. Barker, Mesuli Mhlongo, and Santhanalakshmi Gengiah
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,Tuberculosis ,Service delivery framework ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,integration ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,law.invention ,quality improvement ,South Africa ,Mentorship ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Isoniazid ,Medicine ,Humans ,cluster‐randomized ,collaboratives ,Research Articles ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV‐TB services ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,primary healthcare clinics ,Family medicine ,Relative risk ,business ,Viral load ,Research Article - Abstract
Introduction : Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common cause of death among people living with HIV. Integrating HIV and TB services reduces mortality but is sub‐optimally implemented. Quality improvement (QI) methods offer a low‐cost and easily implementable approach to strengthening healthcare delivery systems. This trial assessed a QI intervention on key process indicators for delivering integrated HIV‐TB care in rural South African primary healthcare (PHC) clinics. Methods Sixteen nurse supervisors, (each with a cluster of clinics) overseeing 40 PHC clinics, were randomized 1:1 to the intervention or the standard of care (SOC) groups. The QI intervention comprised three key components: clinical and QI skills training, on‐site mentorship of nurse supervisors and clinic staff, and data quality improvement activities to enhance accuracy and completeness of routine clinic data. The SOC comprised monthly supervision and data feedback meetings. From 01 December 2016 to 31 December 2018, data were collected monthly by a team of study‐appointed data capturers from all study clinics. This study's outcomes were HIV testing services (HTS), TB screening, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) initiation and viral load (VL) testing. Results The QI group (eight clusters) comprised 244 clinic staff who attended to 13,347 patients during the trial compared to the SOC group (eight clusters) with 217 clinic staff who attended to 8141 patients. QI mentors completed 85% (510/600) of expected QI mentorship visits to QI clinics. HTS was 19% higher [94.5% vs. 79.6%; relative risk (RR)=1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.38; p=0.029] and IPT initiation was 66% higher (61.2 vs. 36.8; RR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.02–2.72; p=0·044), in the QI group compared to SOC group. The percentage of patients screened for TB (83.4% vs. 79.3%; RR=1.05; p=0.448), initiated on ART (91.7 vs. 95.5; RR=0.96; p=0.172) and VL testing (72.2% vs. 72.8%; RR=0.99; p=0.879) was similar in both groups. Conclusions QI improved HIV testing and IPT initiation compared to SOC. TB screening, ART initiation and VL testing remained similar. Incorporating QI methods into routine supervision and support activities may strengthen integrated HIV‐TB service delivery and increase the success of future QI scale‐up activities.
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- 2021
18. Geographical access to point-of-care testing for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as an integral part of maternal healthcare in Ghana
- Author
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Kuupiel, Desmond, Adu, Kwame Manu, Bawontuo, Vitalis, Tabong, Philip T. N., Adogboba, Duncan A., and Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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19. Operational assessment of point-of-care diagnostics in rural primary healthcare clinics of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey
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Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson, Benn Sartorius, and Paul K. Drain
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Point-of-care testing ,Health Personnel ,HIV Infections ,Health informatics ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,Health administration ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,South Africa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Environmental health ,Health care ,medicine ,Glucose test ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Point-of-care test ,KwaZulu-Natal ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Rural health ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Health services ,3. Good health ,Diagnostic testing ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Female ,Rural Health Services ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Primary healthcare clinics ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) called for new clinical diagnostic for settings with limited access to laboratory services. Access to diagnostic testing may not be uniform in rural settings, which may result in poor access to essential healthcare services. The aim of this study is to determine the availability, current usage, and need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests among rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. Methods We used the KZN’s Department of Health (DoH) clinic classification to identify the 232 rural PHC clinics in KZN, South Africa. We then randomly sampled 100 of 232 rural PHC clinics. Selected health clinics were surveyed between April to August 2015 to obtain clinic-level data for health-worker volume and to determine the accessibility, availability, usage and need for POC tests. Professional healthcare workers responsible for POC testing at each clinic were interviewed to assess the awareness of POC testing. Data were survey weighted and analysed using Stata 13. Results Among 100 rural clinics, the average number of patients seen per week was 2865 ± 2231 (range 374–11,731). The average number of POC tests available and in use was 6.3 (CI: 6.2–6.5) out of a potential of 51 tests. The following POC tests were universally available in all rural clinics: urine total protein, urine leukocytes, urine nitrate, urine pregnancy, HIV antibody and blood glucose test. The average number of desired POC diagnostic tests reported by the clinical staff was estimated at 15 (CI: 13–17) per clinic. The most requested POC tests reported were serum creatinine (37%), CD4 count (37%), cholesterol (32%), tuberculosis (31%), and HIV viral load (23%). Conclusion Several POC tests are widely available and in use at rural PHC clinics in South Africa’s KZN province. However, healthcare workers have requested additional POC tests to improve detection and management of priority disease conditions. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02692274 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3207-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2021
20. Geographical access to point-of-care testing for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as an integral part of maternal healthcare in Ghana
- Author
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Duncan A. Adogboba, Vitalis Bawontuo, Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong, Desmond Kuupiel, Kwame Manu Adu, and Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
- Subjects
Rural Population ,Referral ,Point-of-care testing ,Antenatal care ,Ghana ,Health Services Accessibility ,Health centre ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health facility ,Pregnancy ,Upper East Region ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Maternal Health Services ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Physical accessibility ,Service (business) ,Spatial Analysis ,Travel ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Geography ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ,Accessibility ,medicine.disease ,Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ,Geographic Information Systems ,Screening ,Female ,Medical emergency ,business ,Primary healthcare clinics ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with high maternal mortality in Ghana and globally. Evidence shows that there is poor availability of pregnancy-related point-of-care (POC) tests in Ghana’s primary healthcare (PHC) clinics (health centre or community-based health planning services facilities). Therefore, we employed geographic information systems to estimate the geographical distribution of and physical accessibility to HDP POC testing services in the Upper East Region (UER), Ghana. Methods We collected data on 100 out of 365 PHC clinics, public hospitals providing HDP testing, PHC clinic type, ownership, and availability of urine dipsticks and blood pressure (BP) devices. We also obtained the geo-located data of the PHC clinics and hospitals using the global positioning system. We employed ArcGIS 10.4 to measure the distance and travel time from the location of each PHC clinic without HDP POC testing services as well as from all locations of each district to the nearest hospital/clinic where the service is available. The travel time was estimated using an assumed motorised tricycle speed of 20 km/hour. We further calculated the spatial distribution of the hospitals/clinics providing HDP POC testing services using the spatial autocorrelation tool in ArcMap, and Stata version 14 for descriptive statistical analysis. Results Of the 100 participating PHC clinics, POC testing for HDP was available in 19% (14% health centres and 5% community-based health planning services compounds) in addition to the 10 hospitals use as referral points for the service. The findings indicated that the spatial pattern of the distribution of the health facilities providing HDP POC testing was random (z-score = -0.61; p = 0.54). About 17% of the PHC clinics without HDP POC testing service were located > 10 km to the nearest facility offering the service. The mean distance and travel time from PHC clinics without HDP POC testing to a health facility providing the service were 11.4 ± 9.9 km and 31.1 ± 29.2 min respectively. The results suggest that if every 19% of the 365 PHC clinics are offering HDP POC testing in addition to these 10 hospitals identified, then the estimated coverage (health facility-to-women in fertility age ratio) in the UER is 1: 3,869. Conclusions There is poor physical accessibility to HDP POC testing services from PHC clinics without HDP POC testing in the UER. Mothers who obtain maternal healthcare in about 17% of the PHC clinics travel long distances (> 10 km) to access the service when needed. Hence, there is a need to improve the availability of HDP POC diagnostic tests in Ghana’s rural clinics.
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- 2020
21. Assessment of the Impact of Rapid Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Primary Healthcare Clinic Settings: A Survey Study of Client and Provider Perspectives
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Anna Coutsoudis, Noluthando Ngomane, Elizabeth Spooner, Shabashini Reddy, Gita Ramjee, Tarylee Reddy, Photini Kiepiela, Andrew Gibbs, and Nozipho Luthuli
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medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Primary health care ,Qualitative survey ,patients ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,point-of-care CD4+ t testing ,qualitative survey ,acceptability ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Point of care ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,Public health ,Survey research ,Antiretroviral therapy ,healthcare providers ,primary healthcare clinics ,Family medicine ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Healthcare providers - Abstract
Background: The high burden of disease in South Africa presents challenges to public health services. Point-of-care (POC) technologies have the potential to address these gaps and improve healthcare systems. This study ascertained the acceptability and impact of POC CD4 testing on patients&rsquo, health and clinical management. Methods: We conducted a qualitative survey study with patients (n = 642) and healthcare providers (n = 13) at the Lancers Road (experienced POC) and Chesterville (non-experienced POC) primary healthcare (PHC) clinics from September 2015 to June 2016. Results: Patients (99%) at Lancers and Chesterville PHCs were positive about POC CD4 testing, identifying benefits: No loss/delay of test results (6.4%), cost/time saving (19.5%), and no anxiety (5.1%), and 58.2% were ready to initiate treatment. Significantly more patients at Chesterville than Lancers Road PHC felt POC would provide rapid clinical decision making (64.7% vs. 48.1%, p <, 0.0001) and better clinic accessibility (40.4% vs. 24.7%, 0.0001) respectively. Healthcare providers thought same-day CD4 results would impact: Clinical management (46.2%), patient readiness (46.2%), and adherence (23.0%), and would reduce follow-up visits (7.7%), while 38.5% were concerned that further tests and training (15.4%) were required before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Conclusion: The high acceptability of POC CD4 testing and the immediate health, structural, and clinical management benefits necessitates POC implementation studies.
- Published
- 2020
22. The relationship between mental healthcare users' medication adherence and the nursing presence of registered nurses in primary healthcare
- Author
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Kalimashe, L., Du Plessis, E., and 10962689 - Du Plessis, Emmerentia (Supervisor)
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Nursing presence ,Mental healthcare users and medication adherence ,Registered nurses ,Primary healthcare clinics - Abstract
M Nursing (Psychiatric Community Nursing), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus This study investigates the relationship between mental healthcare users’ (MHCU) medication adherence and the nursing presence of registered nurses in primary healthcare. The overall aim of the study was to describe the medication adherence of MHCUs at primary healthcare clinics in an urban health district, to describe the nursing presence of registered nurses at primary healthcare clinics in an urban health district, and to determine if there is a relationship between MHCUs’ medication adherence and the nursing presence of registered nurses at primary healthcare clinics in an urban health district. This research study used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive correlational and crosssectional design. The sample included MHCUs in an urban health district in the Gauteng province of South Africa, (n =180). Data were collected using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the Presence of Nursing Scale (PONS) questionnaires. The relationship between the study variables (nursing presence of registered nurses and selfreported medication adherence of MHCUs) was determined by calculating correlational coefficients (r), t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) as statistical techniques. The analysis of the responses showed that there was a strong positive correlation between PONS and MARS as shown by the positive value of the correlation coefficient of .685 with a corresponding sig-value of 0.000, which is less than the level of significance 0.01. Since the pvalue (0.000) was less than 0.01, the influence was significant. This implies that MHCUs with positive perceptions on PONS were also likely to report higher levels of adherence to their medication. Based on these results, the hypothesis that there is a relationship between MHCUs’ medication adherence and the nursing presence of registered nurses working in primary healthcare clinics in an urban health district was supported. Recommendations for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing research and policy development were made. Masters
- Published
- 2020
23. Reasons for non-compliance with quality standards at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni, South Africa
- Author
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Hafisa Ally, Lebuile J. Mogakwe, and Nomasonto B.D. Magobe
- Subjects
Research design ,non-compliance ,Ekurhuleni ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Compliance (psychology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,South Africa ,Reasons ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Health care ,Practice Management, Medical ,Medicine ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Qualitative Research ,media_common ,Quality of Health Care ,Original Research ,Sustainable development ,education.field_of_study ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Internal communications ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,General Medicine ,Metropolitan area ,primary healthcare clinics ,Guideline Adherence ,0305 other medical science ,Family Practice ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,quality standards - Abstract
Background: The South African Minister of Health stated that compliance with quality standards in health services is non-negotiable as it is fundamental in improving South Africa’s current poor health outcomes, restoring patient and staff confidence in the public healthcare system, achieving widespread sustainable development and providing basic quality healthcare in South Africa. Non-compliance with quality standards, as evidenced by increased quality-related queries from the community, prompted the researcher to explore and describe the reasons for such at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni. Aim: This study sought to explore and describe the reasons for non-compliance with quality standards at the primary healthcare in Ekurhuleni in order to propose recommendations to facilitate compliance with quality standards. Setting: The study was conducted at primary healthcare clinics in Ekurhuleni, one of the metropolitan districts, situated in an area east of the Gauteng province. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used for this study. Participants were purposefully selected from the population and consisted of individuals who willingly consented to participate. Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Results: The study findings revealed challenges with management practices, for example, non-involvement in decision-making, lack of support and poor internal communication practices. In addition, challenges with human, material and financial resources were stated as reasons for non-compliance with quality standards. Conclusion: Recommendations to facilitate compliance with quality standards were described, which included implementation of effective management practices and allocation of adequate healthcare resources required to facilitate such compliance.
- Published
- 2020
24. Knowledge and perceptions of nursing staff on the new Road to Health Booklet growth charts in primary healthcare clinics in the Tygerberg subdistrict of the Cape Town metropole district.
- Author
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Cloete, I, Daniels, L., Jordaan, J, Derbyshire, C, Volmink, L, and Schubl, C
- Subjects
- *
NURSING audit , *ANTHROPOMETRY , *CLINICS , *RESEARCH methodology , *NURSES , *NURSES' attitudes , *PAMPHLETS , *PEDIATRIC nursing , *PRIMARY health care , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *SELF-evaluation , *JUDGMENT sampling , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the perceptions of nursing staff on the Road to Health Booklet (RTHB), to assess their knowledge of the RTHB growth charts, and to determine whether the level of knowledge was acceptable for successful utilisation of the RTHB growth charts. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive survey. Setting: Twelve primary healthcare clinics in the Tygerberg subdistrict. Subjects: Nursing staff who were going to work with the RTHB on a daily basis. Outcomes measures: The knowledge and perceptions of the nursing staff on the new RTHB were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The study highlighted that the majority of the nursing staff did not possess sufficient knowledge to successfully utilise the RTHB. The mean score percentage for the total 12 knowledge questions was 55%. Less than a third (n = 13) of participants could correctly interpret the cut-off value for mid-upper-arm circumference. Only 38% and 52% correctly knew that -2 standard deviation for weight-for-age and weight-for-length represents underweight and wasting, respectively. Fifty-five per cent could correctly interpret the growth faltering graph. Forty-three per cent of participants felt the change to the RTHB was unnecessary, and 55% thought that mothers or caregivers would not easily understand the RTHB. More than half (n = 22) of the participants said that they had adequate knowledge to work with the RTHB, while the rest reported that they did not. Conclusion: The RTHB has the potential to decrease the prevalence of malnutrition in children. However, to achieve this, effective usage and understanding of the RTHB is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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25. Healthcare providers' experiences with adverse drug reactions and adherence challenges in antiretroviral therapy of HIV patients in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
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Ruud, Karine, Srinivas, Sunitha, and Toverud, Else-Lydia
- Subjects
- *
ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *CONTENT analysis , *DRUGS , *DRUG side effects , *FOCUS groups , *HIV infections , *MEDICAL personnel , *PATIENT-professional relations , *PATIENT compliance , *POVERTY , *PRIMARY health care , *PROFESSIONAL employee training , *PROFESSIONS , *SOUND recordings , *JUDGMENT sampling , *THEMATIC analysis , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Purpose: To gain insight into the experiences and handling of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by the staffs of public primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, as well as their perceptions of related adherence challenges in the treatment and follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. Methods: Healthcare providers working at the PHC level in the public sector in the study area were approached and asked to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs). Seven FGDs were conducted with 32 healthcare providers (9 nurses, 23 auxiliary staff). Questions introduced by the moderator of each FGD were freely discussed by the participants. Discussions were audio-recorded and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: Several challenges in the treatment and follow-up of patients on ART were identified. These include: (1) lack of training of healthcare providers in PHC clinics to confidently identify, manage and treat the ADRs HIV-positive patients receiving ART; (2) patients' difficulty in communicating information on ADRS; (3) insufficient pharmacovigilance; (4) role of poverty. Conclusion: Both nurses and auxiliary staff expressed lack of knowledge and confidence regarding ADRs in HIV patients and management of this. More emphasis is warranted on training the healthcare providers to identify ADRs and provide adequate advice for continued treatment of patients experiencing potential drug related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
- Full Text
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26. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of breastfeeding among women visiting primary healthcare clinics on the island of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Author
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Al Ketbi, Mai Isam, Al Noman, Sultan, Al Ali, Abdelqadir, Darwish, Ebtihal, Al Fahim, Maha, and Rajah, Jaishen
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Operational assessment of point-of-care diagnostics in rural primary healthcare clinics of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional survey
- Author
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Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Sartorius, B., and Drain, P. K.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Exploring the role of pharmacists in private primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia: the views of general practitioners
- Abstract
Background: Private general practitioners (GPs) in Malaysia mainly operate solo practices with little interdisciplinary collaboration or co-ordination with other healthcare providers which potentially fragments and limits patient care. Pharmacists as medication experts can contribute to the private primary care sector using their influence to ensure quality use of medicines. Aim: To explore the views of private GPs in Malaysia on integration of pharmacists into private primary healthcare clinics. Method: A combination of purposive and snowballing sampling was used to recruit private sector GPs to participate in focus groups and semi-structured interviews in Malaysia. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using NVivo 10. Results: Thirteen private GPs participated in one focus group and ten semi-structured interviews. Four major themes were identified:(i) poor understanding of pharmacists’ roles; (ii) readiness to accept pharmacists in private primary healthcare clinics; (iii) lack of confidence and trust in pharmacists; and (iv) perceived increased costs with pharmacist integration. Results indicated participants’ views and acceptance were largely influenced by the amount of exposure and experience they had working alongside pharmacists. Participants viewed a lack of confidence in pharmacists and increase in costs associated with an employed pharmacist within private primary healthcare clinics as barriers to integration. Conclusion: Private GPs expressed reservations toward this new model due to the lack of understanding of pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities. There is a need for awareness among private GPs on pharmacists’ roles to improve their acceptance of the integration of pharmacists into private primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia. Keywords: integration, pharmacist, general practitioners, primary healthcare clinics, private, Malaysia.
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- 2017
29. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of breastfeeding among women visiting primary healthcare clinics on the island of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Author
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Ebtihal Darwish, Abdelqadir Al Ali, Sultan Al Noman, Mai Isam Al Ketbi, Maha Al Fahim, and Jaishen Rajah
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Breastfeeding ,Primary health care ,Breastfeeding knowledge ,Breast milk ,Logistic regression ,Work related ,World health ,Reasons for stopping breastfeeding ,Abu Dhabi Island ,03 medical and health sciences ,U.A.E ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breastfeeding duration ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Research ,Breastfeeding practice ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Exclusive breastfeeding ,Abu dhabi ,Family medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Breastfeeding attitude ,business ,Primary healthcare clinics - Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. This study assessed breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices among women residing on the island of Abu Dhabi and identified associated factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire among mothers visiting primary healthcare clinics in Abu Dhabi between November 2014 and 2015. Participants were women aged at least 18 years who had at least one child aged 2 years or younger at the time of the study. Breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices were assessed on the basis of experience with last child. Selected questions were used to develop a scaled scoring system to categorize these aspects as good, fair, or poor. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the act of feeding infants only breast milk since birth, without providing water, formula, or other liquid supplements. Results The participants were 344 women. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was reported by only 46 (16.9%, 95% CI 0.10, 0.17, n = 272). 79 (28.7%, n = 275) of the participants were breastfeeding and planning to continue after the child was ≥24 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the following factors were associated with exclusive breastfeeding: mothers with female children (adjusted OR [AOR] 2.42; 95% CI 1.18, 4.97) and better breastfeeding knowledge scores (AOR 1.25; 95% CI 1.04, 1.50). The following factors were associated with less likelihood of exclusively breastfeeding: working mothers (AOR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12, 0.72), living with relatives (AOR 0.21; 95% CI 0.05, 0.81), no past exclusive breastfeeding experience (AOR 0.23; 95% CI 0.09, 0.58) and being offered readymade liquid formula in hospital (AOR 0.33; 95% CI 0.15, 0.72). The most common reason for stopping breastfeeding was insufficient breast milk production (68/89, 76%), and the most common work related reason was inadequate maternity leave (24/89, 15%). Conclusion Although breastfeeding knowledge was generally good, breastfeeding practice was still suboptimal. Modifiable factors found to predict exclusive breastfeeding included breastfeeding knowledge and mothers’ employment status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13006-018-0165-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2017
30. Assessment of the Impact of Rapid Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Primary Healthcare Clinic Settings: A Survey Study of Client and Provider Perspectives.
- Author
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Reddy, Shabashini, Gibbs, Andrew, Spooner, Elizabeth, Ngomane, Noluthando, Reddy, Tarylee, |Luthuli, Nozipho, Ramjee, Gita, Coutsoudis, Anna, and Kiepiela, Photini
- Subjects
- *
POINT-of-care testing , *MEDICAL personnel , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL care , *CLINICS - Abstract
Background: The high burden of disease in South Africa presents challenges to public health services. Point-of-care (POC) technologies have the potential to address these gaps and improve healthcare systems. This study ascertained the acceptability and impact of POC CD4 testing on patients' health and clinical management. Methods: We conducted a qualitative survey study with patients (n = 642) and healthcare providers (n = 13) at the Lancers Road (experienced POC) and Chesterville (non-experienced POC) primary healthcare (PHC) clinics from September 2015 to June 2016. Results: Patients (99%) at Lancers and Chesterville PHCs were positive about POC CD4 testing, identifying benefits: No loss/delay of test results (6.4%), cost/time saving (19.5%), and no anxiety (5.1%), and 58.2% were ready to initiate treatment. Significantly more patients at Chesterville than Lancers Road PHC felt POC would provide rapid clinical decision making (64.7% vs. 48.1%; p < 0.0001) and better clinic accessibility (40.4% vs. 24.7%; p < 0.0001) respectively. Healthcare providers thought same-day CD4 results would impact: Clinical management (46.2%), patient readiness (46.2%), and adherence (23.0%), and would reduce follow-up visits (7.7%), while 38.5% were concerned that further tests and training (15.4%) were required before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Conclusion: The high acceptability of POC CD4 testing and the immediate health, structural, and clinical management benefits necessitates POC implementation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Provision of antiretroviral therapy for children in Nelson Mandela Bay: Health care professionals' challenges.
- Author
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Williams M, Van Rooyen DRM, and Ricks EJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Child, Child Health Services organization & administration, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated organization & administration, Female, Health Services Accessibility standards, Health Workforce standards, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care organization & administration, South Africa, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Child Health Services standards, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated standards, HIV Infections drug therapy, Primary Health Care standards
- Abstract
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus and/or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic continues to increase in prevalence worldwide, particularly in South Africa, and includes the often overlooked paediatric population. The provision of paediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) is as essential for children as for adults, and has numerous obstacles, not least of which is lack of decentralisation of facilities to provide essential treatment. Optimising ART, care and support for HIV-positive children, and their caregivers, at public sector primary health care (PHC) clinics is crucial to improve morbidity and mortality rates in children., Aim: To explore the experiences of health care professionals regarding the provision of ART for children at PHC clinics., Setting: The study was conducted in six PHC clinics in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, Eastern Cape, South Africa., Methodology: The researchers used a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design with in-depth interviews. We used non-probability purposive sampling. Data collected were thematically analysed using Creswell's data analysis spiral. We used Lincoln and Guba's model to ensure trustworthiness. Ethical standards were applied., Results: Health care professionals experienced numerous challenges, such as lack of resources, need for training, mentoring and debriefing, all related to providing decentralised ART for HIV-positive children at the PHC level., Conclusion: Capacitation of the health care system, integration of services, competent management and visionary leadership to invoke a collaborative interdisciplinary team approach is required to ensure that HIV is treated as a chronic disease at the PHC clinic level.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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