25 results on '"preshower"'
Search Results
2. Discrepancies in the Monte Carlo simulations of propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic-ray photons in the geomagnetic field.
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Homola, P. and Rygielski, M.
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MONTE Carlo method , *THEORY of wave motion , *COSMIC rays , *PHOTON emission , *GEOMAGNETISM , *SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
Abstract: The discrepancies in the results produced by the two most commonly used Monte Carlo programs for simulation of propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray photons in the presence of the geomagnetic field are presented. Although photons have not yet been discovered in the cosmic ray flux at highest energies, the capabilities of the present cosmic ray detectors make their discovery possible, according to the predictions of conventional models, within the next few years. It is therefore necessary to have a reliable and well maintained software for relevant simulations. The results of this paper are important for simulations of propagation of photons at energies above eV. Photons of such high energies might interact with the geomagnetic field giving rise to a cascade of particles even above the atmosphere. This effect is called a “preshower effect”. The preshower effect is important for air shower evolution and has to be accounted for in full Monte Carlo simulations of propagation of highest energy cosmic-ray photons. In this paper we compare the two most frequently used Monte Carlo codes for preshower simulations: PRESHOWER, used as a stand-alone program or as a part of CORSIKA, and MaGICS, used as a part of AIRES. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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3. Discovery of a boson at CERN and Indian connections.
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Mohanty, Gagan
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HIGGS bosons ,LARGE Hadron Collider - Abstract
In this article, we provide a bird's-eye view of the discovery of a new particle at CERN in Geneva, which very much seems like the long sought-after Higgs boson. We conclude on a celebratory note of the Indian connection to this epochmaking discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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4. ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER FOR SHMS SPECTROMETER AT JLAB HALL C.
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Mkrtchyan, H. G., V. Tadevosyan, A. R. Asaturyan, and A. H. Mkrtchyan
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CALORIMETERS , *SPECTROMETERS , *PIONS , *MOMENTUM (Mechanics) , *FORCE & energy - Abstract
The results of MC Simulation for SHMS shower counter based on standard GEANT-3 program are presented. The basic variant considered here is similar to HERMES calorimeter, without and with PRESHOWER. For these versions the energy resolution, efficiency and pion/electron separation capability in the momentum range 1-11GeV/c are determined. It is shown that the lead glass calorimeter with PRESHOWER is the best for π/e rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
5. Characteristics of geomagnetic cascading of ultra-high energy photons at the southern and northern sites of the Pierre Auger Observatory
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Homola, P., Risse, M., Engel, R., Góra, D., Pe¸kala, J., Wilczyńska, B., and Wilczyński, H.
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EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment , *COSMIC rays , *ASTROPHYSICAL radiation , *NUCLEAR physics - Abstract
Abstract: Cosmic-ray photons above 1019 eV can convert in the geomagnetic field and initiate a preshower, i.e. a particle cascade before entering the atmosphere. We compare the preshower characteristics at the southern and northern sites of the Pierre Auger Observatory. In addition to a shift of the preshower patterns on the sky due to the different pointing of the local magnetic field vectors, the fact that the northern Auger site is closer to the geomagnetic pole results in a different energy dependence of the preshower effect: photon conversion can start at smaller energies, but large conversion probabilities (>90%) are reached for the whole sky at higher energies compared to the southern Auger site. We show how the complementary preshower features at the two sites can be used to search for ultra-high energy photons among cosmic rays. In particular, the different preshower characteristics at the northern Auger site may provide an elegant and unambiguous confirmation if a photon signal is detected at the southern site. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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6. Detection of muons at 150GeV/c with a CMS Preshower prototype
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Barney, D., Bialas, W., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Maletic, D., Papadopoulos, I., Peisert, A., Reynaud, S., and Vichoudis, P.
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ENGINEERING instruments , *PHYSICAL measurements , *CALIBRATION , *DETECTORS - Abstract
Abstract: The analysis of 150GeV/c muon data collected during a test of a CMS Preshower prototype is presented. The test took place in 2004 in the H4 beam at CERN. The muon signal extraction is possible after pedestal subtraction and common mode correction. The results of a Geant-4-based simulation, developed for the Preshower prototype test, are also presented. The results of the simulation are found to be in excellent agreement with the data. It is also demonstrated that by combining the results of the data analysis and simulation an absolute calibration of the CMS Preshower detector system can be performed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2006
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7. Performance of Si sensors irradiated to <f>5×1014 n/cm2</f>
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Bloch, Ph., Peisert, A., Cheremukhin, A., Dmitriev, A., Zamiatin, N., Go, A., Asimidis, A., Evangelou, I., Kokkas, P., and Manthos, N.
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APPROXIMATION theory , *PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) , *DETECTORS , *NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
The expected particle fluence in the inner part of the CMS Preshower is calculated to be
1.6×1014 cm-2 for neutrons and0.4×1014 cm-2 for charged hadrons. Since the error of the calculation is high and/or unexpected accidental beam misalignments might happen we have irradiated Preshower silicon sensors to fluences up to5×1014 n/cm2 to verify that they hold voltages necessary to reach the full charge collection efficiency. All irradiated sensors showed no signs of breakdown up to1000 V , the maximum voltage applied. All but one display a sufficiently stable charge collection efficiency up to1000 V . No noisy channels were observed at the extreme voltages.The measured charge collection efficiency was71±12% and59±12% for sensors irradiated to3×1014 and5×1014 n/cm2 , respectively. These values are consistent with the extrapolation from previous measurements made on sensors irradiated to2.3×1014 n/cm2 .The work presents the results of static and dynamic measurements and shows that our design and the technology are very robust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2004
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8. Photomultiplier pulse Read Out system for the preshower detector of the lhcb experiment
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Ajaltouni, Z., Bohner, G., Cornat, R., Deschamps, O., Lecoq, J., Monteil, S., and Perret, P.
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SPECTROMETERS , *FLUX (Metallurgy) - Abstract
The second generation experiment for CP violation studies in B decays, LHCb, is a 20-m-long single-arm spectrometer to be installed on the future Large Hadron Collider at CERN. For its precision measurement purpose, it combines precise vertex location and particle identification, in addition to a performance trigger system able to cope with high flux. The first level of trigger is mainly based on the fast response of the calorimetric subsystem. Of major importance is the 6000 channels preshower detector that aims to validate the electromagnetic nature of calorimetric showers. It consists of two-radiation-length lead sheet in front of a scintillator plane. Scintillator signals are extracted from plastic cells using wavelength-shifting fibres coupled to multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. The preshower Read Out system has to cope with fluctuating photomultiplier pulses caused by small amounts of photoelectrons, in addition to strong constraints imposed by the
40 MHz LHC bunch-crossing frequency.A special Read Out electronics including perfect40 MHz integrators able to shape fluctuating photomultiplier pulses has been designed, and successfully realized. The temporal shape of photomultiplier pulse and the upstream Read Out system for preshower are described in this document. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2003
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9. Study of multianode photomultipliers for the electromagnetic calorimeter preshower read out of the lhcb experiment
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Ajaltouni, Z., Bohner, G., Carloganu, C., Cornat, R., Crouau, M., Deschamps, O., Henrard, P., Lecoq, J., Lefèvre, R., Monteil, S., Perret, P., Rimbault, C., Aguilo, Ernest, Garrido, Lluis, Gascon, David, Graciani, Ricardo, Ballabriga, Rafael, and Vilasis-Cardona, Xavier
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SYMMETRY , *SPECTRUM analysis - Abstract
The Lhcb experiment will study the CP symmetry violation in the system of the beauty particles. The detector is a 20-m-long spectrometer, to be installed on the proton–proton collider Lhc. Of major importance for the level 0 trigger is the preshower of the electromagnetic calorimeter designed to discriminate between electrons, hadrons and photons. The preshower cells consist of a two-radiation-length lead sheet located between two plastic scintillator planes. The scintillation light is extracted with wavelength-shifting fibres. The best candidates to read out the light of the 6000 detector cells are multianode photomultipliers. The HAMAMATSU photomultiplier R5900-00-M64 has been studied and its responses in terms of gain, linearity, uniformity within and between the anodes and cross-talk between the channels are addressed in this document. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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10. Noise measurements on Si sensors
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Evangelou, I., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Prouskas, C., Triantis, F., Tzoulis, N., Aspell, P., Barney, D., Bloch, Ph., Kloukinas, K., Peisert, A., Reynaud, S., Go, A., Elsha, V., Zubarev, E., Cheremukhin, A., and Zamiatin, N.
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DETECTORS , *NOISE measurement - Abstract
Developing silicon strip sensors for the CMS Preshower detector we have noticed that some strips have a noise higher than the average and not correlated to a high leakage current. In order to investigate this effect we have developed a set-up for noise measurement on wafers and diced sensors that does not require bonding. The set-up is based on the DeltaStream chip coupled to a probe card. We have tested 45 sensors and found that the strips with an above average noise have a higher relative current increase as a function of voltage,
ΔI/(IΔV) . We also observed that, on these strips, the breakdown occurs within about60 V from the voltage at which the noise is observed. We describe our measurement method and present the results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2002
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11. Performance of preshower and shower-maximum detectors with a lead/plastic-scintillator calorimeter
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Kawagoe, K., Sugimoto, Y., Takeuchi, A., Asakawa, T., Done, J.P., Fujii, Y., Furukawa, K., Kajino, F., Kamon, T., Kanaya, N., Kanzaki, J., Kim, S., Nakagawa, A., Nozaki, M., Oishi, R., Ota, T., Takeda, H., Takeshita, T., and Uozumi, S.
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CALORIMETERS , *ELECTROMAGNETISM , *ELECTRONS , *HADRONS - Abstract
The electron/hadron separation in the calorimetry can be improved if we measure the electromagnetic shower development at an early stage. The incident positions of electrons and photons can be precisely measured with a position sensitive detector placed near the electromagnetic shower maximum. We constructed a set of prototype preshower and shower-maximum detectors to be attached in front of a main calorimeter. Performance of the detectors was studied in combination with a lead/plastic-scintillator calorimeter module using high energy beams up to
100 GeV at a test beam facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2002
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12. Silicon sensors for the CMS preshower detector
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Bloch, Ph., Chang, Y.-H., Chen, A.E., Cheremukhin, A., Egorov, N., Go, A., Golubkov, S., Golutvin, I., Hou, S.R., Konjkov, K., Kozlov, Y., Kyriakis, A., Lin, W.T., Loukas, D., Markou, A., Mousa, J., Peisert, A., Sidorov, A., Tsoi, E., and Zamiatin, N.
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SILICON , *RADIATION - Abstract
This paper is a summary of a research and development programme, conducted during the past 3 years on the CMS Preshower silicon sensors to define the specifications. The main purpose was to study the radiation hardness of these devices resulting from the specific design (metal lines wider than the p+ implants) and the production technology, a deep n+ layer on the ohmic side. An acceptable noise and a uniform charge collection were guaranteed by an appropriate choice of the interstrip region width. About 65 sensors, of different designs and produced by six manufacturers, were irradiated with neutrons and protons and thoroughly tested before and after irradiation. The results of the tests and the final specifications are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2002
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13. Simulation of ultra-high energy photon propagation with PRESHOWER 2.0
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Homola, P., Engel, R., Pysz, A., and Wilczyński, H.
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SIMULATION methods & models , *PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) , *PHOTONS , *THEORY of wave motion , *MONTE Carlo method , *MAGNETIC fields , *GEOMAGNETISM - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper we describe a new release of the PRESHOWER program, a tool for Monte Carlo simulation of propagation of ultra-high energy photons in the magnetic field of the Earth. The PRESHOWER program is designed to calculate magnetic pair production and bremsstrahlung and should be used together with other programs to simulate extensive air showers induced by photons. The main new features of the PRESHOWER code include a much faster algorithm applied in the procedures of simulating the processes of gamma conversion and bremsstrahlung, update of the geomagnetic field model, and a minor correction. The new simulation procedure increases the flexibility of the code so that it can also be applied to other magnetic field configurations such as, for example, encountered in the vicinity of the sun or neutron stars. Program summary: Program title: PRESHOWER 2.0 Catalog identifier: ADWG_v2_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWG_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3968 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 37198 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C, FORTRAN 77. Computer: Intel-Pentium based PC. Operating system: Linux or Unix. RAM: 100 kB Classification: 1.1. Does the new version supercede the previous version?: Yes Catalog identifier of previous version: ADWG_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 173 (2005) 71 Nature of problem: Simulation of a cascade of particles initiated by UHE photon in magnetic field. Solution method: The primary photon is tracked until its conversion into an e+ e− pair. If conversion occurs each individual particle in the resultant preshower is checked for either bremsstrahlung radiation (electrons) or secondary gamma conversion (photons). Reasons for new version: [1.] Slow and outdated algorithm in the old version (a significant speed up is possible); [2.] Extension of the program to allow simulations also for extraterrestrial magnetic field configurations (e.g. neutron stars) and very long path lengths. Summary of revisions: A veto algorithm was introduced in the gamma conversion and bremsstrahlung tracking procedures. The length of the tracking step is now variable along the track and depends on the probability of the process expected to occur. The new algorithm reduces significantly the number of tracking steps and speeds up the execution of the program. The geomagnetic field model has been updated to IGRF-11, allowing for interpolations up to the year 2015. Numerical Recipes procedures to calculate modified Bessel functions have been replaced with an open source CERN routine DBSKA. One minor bug has been fixed. Restrictions: Gamma conversion into particles other than an electron pair is not considered. Spatial structure of the cascade is neglected. Additional comments: The following routines are supplied in the package, IGRF [1, 2], DBSKA [3], ran2 [4] Running time: 100 preshower events with primary energy eV require a 2.66 GHz CPU time of about 200 sec.; at the energy of eV, 600 sec. References: [[1]] C. C. Finlay et al., Geophys. J. Int., 183, (2010), 1216, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04804.x, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html [[2]] N. A. Tsyganenko, Institute and Department of Physics, Saint- Petersburg State University, Russia, private communication; http://geo.phys.spbu.ru/?tsyganenko/Geopack-2008.html [[3]] http://wwwasdoc.web.cern.ch/wwwasdoc/shortwrupsdir/c341/top.html [[4]] Numerical Recipes, http://www.nr.com [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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14. Alignment of the CMS Preshower detector
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Kao, Kai-Yi
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ELECTROMAGNETISM , *CALORIMETERS , *SILICON diodes , *METAL strip , *ACQUISITION of data , *LARGE Hadron Collider - Abstract
Abstract: The Preshower detector, as part of the CMS endcap electromagnetic calorimeter, is designed to identify in the endcaps within a fiducial region . It is based on 4288 silicon sensors, each with active area segmented into 32 strips with 1.9 mm pitch. For minimum ionizing particles the intrinsic spatial precision is 17.6mm parallel to the strip and perpendicular to the strips. Exploiting its spatial resolution relies upon excellent alignment with the neighboring detectors, especially the Tracker. The alignment is based on the extrapolation of tracks from the Tracker to the Preshower and gives an alignment precision of a few millimeters for translation and a few milliradians for rotation. The method for Preshower alignment is discussed and the results of the alignment with respect to the Tracker, using LHC collision data collected by CMS in 2011, are given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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15. The CDF calorimeter upgrade for Run IIb
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Kuhlmann, S., Frisch, H., Cordelli, M., Huston, J., Miller, R., Lami, S., Paoletti, R., Turini, N., Iori, M., Toback, D., and Ukegawa, F.
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COLLIDERS (Nuclear physics) , *PARTICLE size determination , *CALORIMETERS - Abstract
The physics program at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider will continue to explore the high-energy frontier of particle physics until the commissioning of the LHC at CERN. The luminosity increase provided by the Main Injector will require upgrades beyond those implemented for the first stage (Run IIa) of the Tevatron''s Run II physics program. The upgrade of the CDF calorimetry includes: (1) the replacement of the slow gas detectors on the front face of the Central Calorimeter with a faster scintillator version which has a better segmentation, and (2) the addition of timing information to both the Central and EndPlug Electromagnetic Calorimeters to filter out cosmic ray and beam related backgrounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
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16. Energy and spatial resolution of a Shashlik calorimeter and a silicon preshower detector
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J.F. Connolly, Kajari Mazumdar, S. N. Gninenko, E. Clayton, A. Marchioro, D. B. Miller, R. Djilkibaev, P. Moissenz, Claude Charlot, Yu. Protopopov, P. Spiridonov, I. Semenyuk, Y. Musienko, A. Busata, Ivica Puljak, V. V. Popov, P. Busson, A. K. Skasyrskaya, F. Lemeilleur, P. Bordalo, V. Obraztsov, N. Zamiatin, S. Ramos, A. Sidorov, R. Grabit, Igor Golutvin, Christopher Seez, Y. Kozlov, L. Denton, Joao Varela, A. Karar, P. Aspell, A. Ostankov, E. Guschin, P. Bloch, L. Dobrzynski, E. Rosso, S.J. Bates, A. Gurtu, Pierre Jarron, S. Bityukov, P. Manigot, V. Soushkov, I. Soric, T. Moulik, S. K. Gupta, J. Bourotte, R. Tanaka, Manas Maity, O. Ferreira, S. Sergueev, Gobinda Majumder, S. R. Chendvankar, V. Rykalin, K. Kloukinas, I. Cheremukhin, E. Zubarev, S. N. Ganguli, R. Loos, Tejinder Virdee, A. Egorov, C. Gregory, Nikola Godinovic, J. Badier, J.Ch. Vanel, V. Vasilchenko, and David Ja Cockerill
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Resolution (electron density) ,CMS ,ECAL ,Shashlik ,energy resolution ,preshower ,position resolution ,Scintillator ,Noise (electronics) ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Angular resolution ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation ,Image resolution - Abstract
New projective prototypes of a scintillator/lead sandwich type sampling calorimeter Shashlik with a silicon preshower detector have been constructed and tested with an electron beam at CERN-SPS. The energy resolution is measured to be 8.7%/sqrt(E(GeV)) in stochastic term. 0.330/E(GeV) in noise term and 0.5% in constant term. The angular resolution is better than 70 mrad/sqrt(E(GeV)).
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- 1996
17. Pas de titre en français
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Sobczak, Krzysztof Grzegorz, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, and Stéphane Monteil
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Flavour Physics ,Calorimétrie ,Calorimetry ,Matrice CKM ,CKM Matrix ,LHCb ,CP violation ,Violation de CP ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Preshower ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,LHC ,Désintégration et mélange des mésons beaux ,B mesons decays ,Particle Physics - Experiment - Abstract
This thesis describes an exploratory work on three-body charmless neutral B mesons decays containing either a K_S or a π⁰. The events are reconstructed with the LHCb spectrometer installed at Cern (Geneva, CH) recording the proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The phenomenology of such modes is rich and covers the possibility to measure all angles of the unitarity triangle linked to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. The single example of the γ measurement is explored in this document. The LHC accelerator and the most relevant sub-detector elements of the LHCb spectrometer are described in details. In particular, emphasis is given to the calorimetry system for which the calibration and alignment of the PreShower (PRS) of the electromagnetic calorimeter has been performed. We used particles at minimum ionisation deposit for such a task. The calibration results until year 2011 are reported as well as the method of the PS alignment with respect to the tracking system of the spectrometer. A method to discriminate high energy π⁰ and photon is introduced, based on electromagnetic cascade information combined into a multivariate analysis. The strategy to evaluate the performance is given and the tool is applied to the exploratory search of B → hhπ⁰ final states. Additionally, we conducted a similar search for the modes B_{d,s} → K_{Shh}, where h can be either a charged kaon or a pion. The physics reach of such modes lies in the possibility of measuring the β and βs CKM angles to be compared to their charmonia extraction. Differences in between these two determinations can be the sign of New Physics. The first step of this search is to establish the unobserved modes Bs → K_{Shh}. We report in a fifth of the data 2011 statistics the first observation of the decay channel Bs → K_{SK}π.; Ce document de thèse décrit la recherche des désintégrations en trois corps des mésons beaux neutres qui contiennent un KS ou un π⁰ dans l'état final. Ces événements sont reconstruits au moyen du spectromètre LHCb installé auprès du collisionneur proton-proton LHC, sis au Cern à Genève. La phénoménologie des ces modes est riche et couvre la possibilité de mesurer tous les angles du triangle d'Unitarité de la matrice Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) qui décrit les amplitudes de transition par courant chargé faible entre quarks. Une illustration portant sur la mesure de l'angle gamma est développée dans ce document plus en détail. L'accélérateur LHC et les éléments utiles du spectromètre LHCb sont rapportés en mettant l'accent sur le travail conduit au cours de cette thèse sur l'étalonnage et l'alignement du détecteur de pieds de gerbe du calorimètre électromagnétique. Nous avons construit une méthode de calibration du détecteur au moyen de particules qui le traversent au minimum d'ionisation. Les résultats et les performances de ces calibrations sont discutées. Une méthode de discrimination des π⁰ et des photons de haute énergie est présentée, bénéficiant des mesures des caractéristiques des cascades électromagnétiques dans le PreShower et le calorimètre. Ces informations sont combinées dans une analyse multivariable. La stratégie de contrôle des performances du discriminateur directement à partir des données est discutée et cet outil est appliqué à la recherche des états finals B → hhπ⁰. Une recherche similaire des modes de désintégration B_{d,s} → K_{Shh}, où h peut être un pion ou un kaon chargé a été conduite. Ce mode de désintégration permet de mesurer la phase faible du mélange des mésons Bd ou Bs et la comparaison de ces déterminations avec celles extraites des modes charmonia peut permettre de mettre en évidence une phase faible au-delà du Modèle Standard dans l'amplitude de désintégration. La première étape de cette analyse consiste à établir les signaux des modes non encore observés Bs → K_{Shh}. Ce travail exploratoire présente la première observation du mode Bs → K_{SK}π.
- Published
- 2012
18. Study of charmless three-body decays of neutral B mesons with the LHCb spectrometer
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Sobczak, Krzysztof Grzegorz, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, and Stéphane Monteil
- Subjects
CKM Matrix ,LHCb ,CP violation ,Violation de CP ,Flavour Physics ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Preshower ,Calorimétrie ,Désintégration et mélange des mésons beaux ,LHC ,Calorimetry ,Matrice CKM ,B mesons decays - Abstract
This thesis describes an exploratory work on three-body charmless neutral B mesons decays containing either a K_S or a π⁰. The events are reconstructed with the LHCb spectrometer installed at Cern (Geneva, CH) recording the proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The phenomenology of such modes is rich and covers the possibility to measure all angles of the unitarity triangle linked to the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. The single example of the γ measurement is explored in this document. The LHC accelerator and the most relevant sub-detector elements of the LHCb spectrometer are described in details. In particular, emphasis is given to the calorimetry system for which the calibration and alignment of the PreShower (PRS) of the electromagnetic calorimeter has been performed. We used particles at minimum ionisation deposit for such a task. The calibration results until year 2011 are reported as well as the method of the PS alignment with respect to the tracking system of the spectrometer. A method to discriminate high energy π⁰ and photon is introduced, based on electromagnetic cascade information combined into a multivariate analysis. The strategy to evaluate the performance is given and the tool is applied to the exploratory search of B → hhπ⁰ final states. Additionally, we conducted a similar search for the modes B_{d,s} → K_{Shh}, where h can be either a charged kaon or a pion. The physics reach of such modes lies in the possibility of measuring the β and βs CKM angles to be compared to their charmonia extraction. Differences in between these two determinations can be the sign of New Physics. The first step of this search is to establish the unobserved modes Bs → K_{Shh}. We report in a fifth of the data 2011 statistics the first observation of the decay channel Bs → K_{SK}π.; Ce document de thèse décrit la recherche des désintégrations en trois corps des mésons beaux neutres qui contiennent un KS ou un π⁰ dans l'état final. Ces événements sont reconstruits au moyen du spectromètre LHCb installé auprès du collisionneur proton-proton LHC, sis au Cern à Genève. La phénoménologie des ces modes est riche et couvre la possibilité de mesurer tous les angles du triangle d'Unitarité de la matrice Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) qui décrit les amplitudes de transition par courant chargé faible entre quarks. Une illustration portant sur la mesure de l'angle gamma est développée dans ce document plus en détail. L'accélérateur LHC et les éléments utiles du spectromètre LHCb sont rapportés en mettant l'accent sur le travail conduit au cours de cette thèse sur l'étalonnage et l'alignement du détecteur de pieds de gerbe du calorimètre électromagnétique. Nous avons construit une méthode de calibration du détecteur au moyen de particules qui le traversent au minimum d'ionisation. Les résultats et les performances de ces calibrations sont discutées. Une méthode de discrimination des π⁰ et des photons de haute énergie est présentée, bénéficiant des mesures des caractéristiques des cascades électromagnétiques dans le PreShower et le calorimètre. Ces informations sont combinées dans une analyse multivariable. La stratégie de contrôle des performances du discriminateur directement à partir des données est discutée et cet outil est appliqué à la recherche des états finals B → hhπ⁰. Une recherche similaire des modes de désintégration B_{d,s} → K_{Shh}, où h peut être un pion ou un kaon chargé a été conduite. Ce mode de désintégration permet de mesurer la phase faible du mélange des mésons Bd ou Bs et la comparaison de ces déterminations avec celles extraites des modes charmonia peut permettre de mettre en évidence une phase faible au-delà du Modèle Standard dans l'amplitude de désintégration. La première étape de cette analyse consiste à établir les signaux des modes non encore observés Bs → K_{Shh}. Ce travail exploratoire présente la première observation du mode Bs → K_{SK}π.
- Published
- 2011
19. Detection of muons at 150 GeV/c with a CMS Preshower Prototype
- Author
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S. Reynaud, A. Peisert, W. Bialas, Ioannis Papadopoulos, David Barney, Nikolaos Manthos, P. Kokkas, P. Vichoudis, and D. Maletic
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Large Hadron Collider ,Muon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,CMS ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,Detector calibration ,01 natural sciences ,Absolute calibration ,preshower ,Nuclear physics ,test beam muon data analysis ,0103 physical sciences ,Signal extraction ,detector calibration ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
The analysis of 150 GeV/c muon data collected during a test of a CMS Preshower prototype is presented. The test took place in 2004 in the H4 beam at CERN. The muon signal extraction is possible after pedestal subtraction and common mode correction. The results of a Geant-4-based simulation, developed for the Preshower prototype test, are also presented. The results of the simulation are found to be in excellent agreement with the data. It is also demonstrated that by combining the results of the data analysis and simulation an absolute calibration of the CMS Preshower detector system can be performed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Published
- 2006
20. Performance of Si sensors irradiated to 5 x 10(14) n/cm(2)
- Author
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Bloch, P., Peisert, A., Cheremukhin, A., Dmitriev, A., Zamiatin, N., Go, A., Asimidis, A., Evangelou, I., Kokkas, P., and Manthos, N.
- Subjects
protons ,silicon strips ,high fluence ,cms ,electronics ,charge collection efficiency ,strip detectors ,readout ,radiation hardness ,silicon microstrip detectors ,preshower - Abstract
The expected particle fluence in the inner part of the CMS Preshower is calculated to be 1.6 x 10(14) cm(-2) for neutrons and 0.4 x 10(14) cm(-2) for charged hadrons. Since the error of the calculation is high and/or unexpected accidental beam misalignments might happen we have irradiated Preshower silicon sensors to fluences up to 5 x 10(14) n/cm(2) to verify that they hold voltages necessary to reach the full charge collection efficiency. All irradiated sensors showed no signs of breakdown up to 1000 V, the maximum voltage applied. All but one display a sufficiently stable charge collection efficiency up to 1000 V. No noisy channels were observed at the extreme voltages. The measured charge collection efficiency was 71 +/- 12% and 59 +/- 12% for sensors irradiated to 3 x 10(14) and 5 x 10(14) n/cm(2), respectively. These values are consistent with the extrapolation from previous measurements made on sensors irradiated to 2.3 x 10(14) n/cm(2) The work presents the results of static and dynamic measurements and shows that our design and the technology are very robust. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Published
- 2004
21. Detection of muons at 150 GeV/c with a CMS Preshower prototype
- Author
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Barney, D., Bialas, W., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Maletić, Dimitrije, Papadopoulos, I., Peisert, A., Reynaud, S., Vichoudis, P., Barney, D., Bialas, W., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Maletić, Dimitrije, Papadopoulos, I., Peisert, A., Reynaud, S., and Vichoudis, P.
- Abstract
The analysis of 150 GeV/c muon data collected during a test of a CMS Preshower prototype is presented. The test took place in 2004 in the H4 beam at CERN. The muon signal extraction is possible after pedestal subtraction and common mode correction. The results of a Geant-4-based simulation, developed for the Preshower prototype test, are also presented. The results of the simulation are found to be in excellent agreement with the data. It is also demonstrated that by combining the results of the data analysis and simulation an absolute calibration of the CMS Preshower detector system can be performed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2006
22. Noise measurements on Si sensors
- Author
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Nikolaos Manthos, E. Zubarev, V. V. Elsha, P. Bloch, N. Zamiatin, N Tzoulis, A. Peisert, S. Reynaud, C Prouskas, A. Cheremukhin, Frixos A Triantis, A. Go, Ioannis Evangelou, David Barney, P. Kokkas, P. Aspell, and Kostas Kloukinas
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,noise ,Noise measurement ,Silicon ,business.industry ,cms ,Detector ,chemistry.chemical_element ,STRIPS ,Chip ,preshower ,law.invention ,chemistry ,law ,silicon strips ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Instrumentation ,Probe card ,Noise (radio) ,Voltage - Abstract
Developing silicon strip sensors for the CMS Preshower detector we have noticed that some strips have a noise higher than the average and not correlated to a high leakage current. In order to investigate this effect we have developed a setup for noise measurement on wafers and diced sensors that does not require bonding. The set-up is based on the DeltaStream chip coupled to a probe card. We have tested 45 sensors and found that the strips with an above average noise have a higher relative current increase as a function of voltage, DeltaI/(IDeltaV). We also observed that, on these strips, the breakdown occurs within about 60 V from the voltage at which the noise is observed. We describe our measurement method and present the results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Published
- 2002
23. The CMS Preshower construction and commissioning
- Author
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Lu, Rong-Shyang
- Subjects
- *
SOLENOIDS , *NUCLEAR counter design & construction , *NUCLEAR power plant commissioning , *SILICON diodes , *PERFORMANCE evaluation , *NUCLEAR physics - Abstract
Abstract: The main physics goal of the CMS Preshower detector is to provide good separation in the endcap regions. The Preshower detector, comprising nearly 4300 silicon strip sensors, was assembled and commissioned in 2008 before being installed in CMS in Spring 2009. The detector check-out shows 99.9% of channels operational with good noise performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Beam tests of lead tungstate crystal matrices and a silicon strip preshower detector for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter
- Author
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H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, A. Inyakin, P Bonamy, D. Sillou, M. Haguenauer, Jean Pierre Peigneux, André Rosowsky, E. Guschin, L. Dobrzynski, Etiennette Auffray, H. Hofer, Egidio Longo, H. Hillemanns, Marta Felcini, E. Rosso, J. Bourotte, E Martin, Kati Lassila-Perini, J. P. Vialle, F Gautheron, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, I. Soric, S. Donskov, Mikhail Korzhik, L Buiron, Francesca Cavallari, David Barney, P. Verrecchia, David Ja Cockerill, V. Katchanov, Ivica Puljak, H. El Mamouni, M Geleoc, Remi Chipaux, I. Dafinei, J. P. Guillaud, V Sougonyaev, Pierre Lecomte, Gavin Davies, Jean-Louis Faure, Alain Givernaud, Catherine Kirsty Mackay, Sergei Gninenko, E Reid, I. Semeniouk, P. Lebrun, C Ercoli, S Jaaskelainen, F. Martin, Tejinder Virdee, Bernard Ille, Petr P.M. Shagin, A Blick, Y. Musienko, Dieter Renker, A.V. Singovsky, M Diemoz, Emilio Leonardi, G Bassompierre, S. J. Qian, P. Nedelec, Pierre Depasse, Elizabeth Locci, J.P Pansart, M. Schneegans, J.P Mendiburu, Christopher Seez, Y. Benhammou, Paul Lecoq, P. Bloch, Simone Paoletti, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Paul Baillon, Nikola Godinovic, Konrad Deiters, R. Loos, Roger Rusack, G. Lecoeur, T. Kirn, Kostas Kloukinas, and D.J Graham
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,APDS ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,Resolution (electron density) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lead tungstate ,preshower ,CMS ,APD ,energy resolution ,irradiation ,monitoring ,law.invention ,Crystal ,Optics ,chemistry ,law ,Calibration ,Irradiation ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,business ,Instrumentation ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
Tests of lead tungstate crystal matrices carried out in high-energy electron beams in 1996, using new crystals, new APDs and an improved test set-up, confirm that an energy resolution of better than 0 .6% at 100 GeV can be obtained when the longitudinal uniformity of the struck crystal is adequate. Light loss measurements under low dose irradiation are reported. It is shown that there is no loss of energy resolution after irradiation and that the calibration change due to light loss can be tracked with a precision monitoring system. Finally, successuful tests with a preshower device, equipped wi th silicon strip detector readout, are described.
- Published
- 1998
25. Beam test results of a Shashlik calorimeter in a high magnetic field
- Author
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A. Karar, P. Aspell, V. Vasilchenko, Kajari Mazumdar, David Ja Cockerill, P. Bloch, Y. Kozlov, J.F. Connolly, Fabien Dorchies, R. Loos, P. Moissenz, N. Zamiatin, C. Gregory, Yu. Protopopov, J. Badier, P. Spiridonov, P. Bordalo, V. Soushkov, I. Cheremukhin, Nikola Godinovic, E. Zubarev, F. Lemeilleur, Gobinda Majumder, A. K. Skasyrskaya, I. Soric, Y. Musienko, T. Moulik, S. K. Gupta, S. N. Ganguli, A. Sidorov, Manas Maity, Jean-Charles Vanel, R. Grabit, P. Busson, Pascal Bruel, L. Denton, V. V. Popov, E. Clayton, Joao Varela, R. Djilkibaev, S. N. Gninenko, Igor Golutvin, A. Marchioro, Tejinder Virdee, A. Egorov, D. B. Miller, V. Obraztsov, A. Ostankov, Pierre Jarron, R. Tanaka, E. Guschin, S. R. Chendvankar, P. Manigot, O. Ferreira, L. Dobrzynski, Claude Charlot, V. Rykalin, E. Rosso, S. Sergueev, K. Kloukinas, A. Busata, Ivica Puljak, S.J. Bates, A. Gurtu, S. Bityukov, I. Semenyuk, Christopher Seez, S. Ramos, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CERN [Genève], Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,Electron ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Magnetic field ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Cathode ray ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Detectors and Experimental Techniques ,CMS ,electromagnetic calorimeter ,preshower ,010306 general physics ,business ,Instrumentation ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Beam (structure) ,Shashlik - Abstract
Shashlik calorimeter prototypes equipped with preshower detector have been tested in 3 T magnetic field with electron beam at CERN-SPS. The signal from electrons increases as much as 11% at 3 T magnetic field. No significant deterioration on the energy resolution as well as the preshower detector performance have been observed.
- Published
- 1996
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