23 results on '"prepositional constructions"'
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2. MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE (ON THE MATERIAL OF LITERARY TEXTS)
- Author
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Olena E. Kyrpychenko
- Subjects
neologisms ,grammatical structure ,case semantics ,inflection ,prepositional constructions ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The article examines the innovative processes in the morphological system of the German language based on the material of fiction of recent decades. There are three parts of speech defined: noun, verb and preposition, which most fully reveal the implementation of innovative processes. The origins of the formation, replenishment and development of the vocabulary are clarified, innovative forms borrowed from other languages are identified, the relationship between national and international new formations is established. The functional expediency of the new nomination, the ponderability of extra-linguistic factors are noted, the social determinism of the appearance of neologisms is clearly expressed. It has been established that today there has been a sharp rise of interest in problems of the morphology field. Attention is focused on the fact that due to constant changes in grammatical phenomena always occurs a more or less long period when both new and obsolete elements are implemented in the language. It is emphasized that the main motive for the development of new forms is the need of social reality for simplifications and for expressive-emotional vocabulary. The results of the study express an understanding of the most common trends in modern language, namely: the repeal of the ending -s in the genitive case; the process of reducing the use of the -e in colloquial speech during the word change in the dative case; the use of the forms of the dative and accusative cases of the weak singular nouns without the ending –en becomes more frequent; the plural suffix –s becomes common; nouns that were previously considered singularia tantum, but today can form the plural form, increase in number; establishing that all new verbs are weak, as well as an increase in the number of strong verbs that have moved to the category of weak. As for the use of temporal forms, the modern German language is characterized by a tendency to use the present tense instead of the future. It is a characteristic feature of spontaneous casual speech, which also affects the literary language. The process of degenitivation leads to the fact that some verbs do not need a genitive case, but are used with accusative or dative cases. The phenomenon of language economy as one of the driving forces in the process of changes in the grammatical structure of the German language is substantiated. The possibility of dual use of prepositions appears in cases where this use was incorrect previously. This area of research of morphological innovations is considered promising since it allows a deeper penetration into the understanding of the formation process of the grammatical structure of modern German.
- Published
- 2020
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3. Analiza semantyczno-składniowa konstrukcji w ujęciu Adele Goldberg
- Author
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Iwona Nowakowska-Kempna
- Subjects
konstruktionsgrammatik ,präpositionalkonstruktionen ,phraseologismen ,phrasem ,induktive sprachtheorie ,bedeutung als wortverwendung im kontext ,construction of grammar ,prepositional constructions ,phrasemes ,inductive theory of language ,meaning as a way of using words in context ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,German literature ,PT1-4897 - Abstract
In diesem Beitrag wurden Präpositionalkonstruktionen einer Analyse unterzogen. Die semantisch-syntaktische Untersuchung wurde nach einem in der Sprachforschung neuen Analyseansatz – Konstruktionsgrammatik von Adele Goldberg – durchgeführt. Auf die Bestimmung des Konstruktionsbegriffs und der Wesenszüge einer Konstruktion folgt eine Darstellung von theoretischen Grundannahmen dieser Grammatiktheorie. Die semantische Analyse einer Konstruktion basiert auf der kontextuellen Bedeutung, die auf sich wiederholende Ereignisse der Sprachverwendung und daraufhin auf die Frame-Konstruktion (d.h. auf die Struktur des Prädikates und seiner Argumente) bezogen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund lässt die Analyse von Präpositionalkonstruktionen einen viel breiteren Umfang von Konstruktionen aufzeigen, als man eingangs dachte und eine neue, stark vertretene Gruppe von Phraseologismen, die bisher sogar bei der Analyse von einer bestimmten Präposition (hier: Präposition in) in einem Wörterbuch, sowie in den Fallstudien zu Präpositionen nicht berücksichtigt wurde.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Constructions prépositionnelles et usage des prépositions chez les apprenants algériens : approches linguistique et contrastive
- Author
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Sofiane Assiakh
- Subjects
intralingual/ interlingual error ,French as a foreign language ,preposition ,prepositional constructions ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The subject of this contribution is part of a description of the use of prepositions by FLE learners in Algeria, in particular, the main difficulties they encounter in their prepositional constructions. Our objective would be to make a record of errors, interlingual and intralingual, the most frequent in the writings of these learners about the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases. We will first analyze the selection made by learners in their choice of prepositions to be used to establish semantic relationships expressing time, place, cause, etc. In a second step, we will try to identify the hard core governing the errors that they make on the three levels : morphological, syntactic and semantic, and to establish a classification of the errors they commit.
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
5. ПРЕДЛОШКИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ ЗА ОЗНАЧУВАЊЕ СТАТИЧНА ПОЛОЖБА ВО ИТАЛИЈАНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК И НИВНИТЕ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ ВО МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК.
- Author
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Негриевска, Надица and Коцева, Весна
- Subjects
- *
ITALIAN language - Published
- 2021
6. СИНТАКСИЧКО-СЕМАНТИЧКИ ФУНКЦИИ НА ПРЕДЛОГОТ SU И НЕГОВИТЕ МОЖНИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ ВО МАКЕДОНСКИОТ ЈАЗИК.
- Author
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Негриевска, Надица
- Subjects
- *
ITALIAN language , *LANGUAGE & languages - Published
- 2021
7. ZU DEN BEIDEN LEHNWÖRTERN UNGARISCHER HERKUNFT: „MUƏSƏR“ UND „KATNƏR“.
- Author
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HALDENWANG, SIGRID
- Abstract
Copyright of Forschungen zur Volks- und Landeskunde is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
8. ANALYSIS OF PREPOSITIONAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NUMERICAL GROUPS.
- Author
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Zakharov, Victor and Azarova, Irina
- Subjects
- *
RUSSIAN language , *NATURAL languages , *TEXT processing (Computer science) , *HETEROGENEOUS computing , *EDUCATION methodology - Abstract
The paper deals with prepositional constructions with numerical actants and circumstants in the Russian language. Statistical corpus-based characteristics of prepositional constructions are provided, the regular types of categories of dependent numerical groups are described. Prepositions are one of the key subsystems in the language system, and without its formalization, it is impossible to implement meaningful technologies for automatic text analysis. Prepositions in Russian have not been getting much attention by the specialists in procedures of natural language processing for a long time. Here, we should consider and describe such a special, but very important for professional texts function of prepositions as a modification of numerical groups. The formalization of such constructions should be based on information which aspects of numerical values are specified with the help of prepositions. For these and other meanings of prepositions in numerical group constructions, quantitative data were obtained on the basis of the corpora of the Russian language, mainly, Russian corpora of the Aranea corpus family formed at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Pietų aukštaičių patarmės paribiai: sintaksinių konstrukcijų kaita.
- Author
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Tuomienė, Nijolė
- Abstract
Copyright of Linguistics: Germanic & Romance Studies / Kalbotyra: Romanu ir Germanu Studijos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Constructions prépositionnelles et usage des prépositions chez les apprenants algériens : approches linguistique et contrastive
- Author
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Assiakh, Sofiane
- Subjects
French as a foreign language ,intralingual/ interlingual error ,prépositions ,preposition ,français langue étrangère ,General Medicine ,prepositional constructions ,erreur intralinguale/ interlinguale ,constructions prépositionnelles - Abstract
Le sujet de cette contribution se situe dans le cadre d’une description de l’usage des prépositions par des apprenants de FLE en Algérie, en particulier, des principales difficultés que ces apprenants rencontrent dans leurs constructions prépositionnelles. Notre objectif serait de dresser un relevé des erreurs, interlinguales et intralinguales, les plus fréquentes dans les écrits de ces apprenants quant à l’emploi des prépositions et des locutions prépositives. Nous analyserons, dans un premier temps, la sélection qu’opèrent les apprenants dans leur choix des prépositions à employer pour établir des rapports sémantiques exprimant le temps, le lieu, la cause, etc. Dans un second temps, nous tâcherons de dégager le noyau dur régissant les erreurs qu’ils commettent sur les trois plans : morphologique, syntaxique et sémantique, pour établir une classification de ces erreurs. The subject of this contribution is part of a description of the use of prepositions by FLE learners in Algeria, in particular, the main difficulties they encounter in their prepositional constructions. Our objective would be to make a record of errors, interlingual and intralingual, the most frequent in the writings of these learners about the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases. We will first analyze the selection made by learners in their choice of prepositions to be used to establish semantic relationships expressing time, place, cause, etc. In a second step, we will try to identify the hard core governing the errors that they make on the three levels : morphological, syntactic and semantic, and to establish a classification of the errors they commit.
- Published
- 2021
11. Сінтаксічныя канструкцыі тыпу 'на + вінавальны склон' і 'на + месны склон' ў беларускіх паўночна‑заходніх народных гаворках і яе пагранічча
- Author
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Юлія [IUliia] Хвіланчук [Khvilanchuk]
- Subjects
syntax ,syntactic constructions ,prepositional constructions ,prepositionless constructions ,folk dialects ,north-west Belarus ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 ,Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,PG1-9665 - Abstract
Prepositional constructions with ‘na’ in folk dialects of north-west Belarus This article is a study of such prepositional constructions as aslepnuts na vochy, hvarets na astsu, azlabіtstsa na sina, graz na dudtsy, ehats na kanі in folk dialects of north-west Belarus. These constructions have received too little attention in the research on the standard variety of Belorussian and a few issues still need analysis: the usage patterns of the structure and its relations with other dialects. In this paper, we discuss the structural features, the geographical expansion and the prescriptive status of the construction. Our study revealed that the constructions can express different meanings, and they modify the meaning of the verb. The analysed structure exhibits high productivity in the dialects of north-west Belarus. We believe that all prepositional constructions of this kind were derived from non-prepositional constructions; the exact time of such shift is difficult to determine, since the two kinds of constructions have existed in parallel for a long time. The prepositional construction ehats na kanі is normative in modern Belorussian and Russian. In the west of Belarus, people also use the prepositionless variant of the construction: ehats kanem. Синтаксические конструкции типа «на + винительный падеж» и «на + предложный падеж» в белорусских северо-западных говорах и их пограничья Целью статьи является исследование синтаксических конструкций типа “на + винительный” и “на + предложный” в белорусских северо-западных народных говорах и их пограничья. Объектом исследования послужили словосочетания с предлогом на, которые выражают объектные отношения. Особенности применения таких конструкций в говорах белорусского языка со стороны территории их расширения, внутри- и мeждиалектных отношений до сих пор составляют научную проблему. Они недостаточно исследованы в национальной диалектологии и поэтому требуют детального анализа, хотя вопросы изучения синтаксических конструкций не являются новыми для славянской диалектологии в целом. В данной статье мы попытались охарактеризовать синтаксические отношения словосочетаний типа “на + винительный” и “на + предложный” структурные особенности таких конструкций, территорию их расширения, нормативный статус. В результате исследования выявилось, что синтаксические конструкции с объектными отношениями могут выражать различные значения. В качестве главного кампонента таких словосочетаний обычно выступают различные по значению глаголы. Конструкции типа “на + винительный” и “на + предложный” достаточно продуктивны в белорусских северо-западных народных говорах и пограничья. Параллельно с предложными словосочетаниями в говорах могут употребляться и беспредложные синтаксические конструкции. Есть мнение, что все предложные конструкции возникли на базе беспредложных. Когда состоялся процесс их разграничения на сегодняшний момент сказать трудно, так как предложные и беспредложные словосочетания долгое время применялись параллельно. Так, предложная конструкция “ехаць на кані” является нормативной в современном белорусском и русском языках. Функционирование же беспредложной синтаксической конструкции “ехаць канём” на западе Беларуси поддерживается за счет соседних языков – польского и литовского, где такие словосочетания считаются нормативными.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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12. Каузальные отношения, выраженные в русском языке предложными конструкциями, их соответствия в чешском языке
- Author
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Aleš Brandner
- Subjects
causal relationships ,adverbial of cause ,adverbial phrases ,prepositional constructions ,primary prepositions ,secondary prepositions ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Causal relationships are primarily expressed by subordinate clauses of cause. Secondarily, they are marked by adverbial expressions that serve as adverbials of cause in the sentence. Adverbials of cause both in Russian and in Czech are realized by adverbs, transgressives, participles, simple instrumental case of abstract nouns (only in the Czech language), prepositional constructions with indirect case of abstract nouns or phrasal expressions of adverbiale nature. In the present paper we discuss Russian causal relations expressed by nominal expressions with primary and secondary prepositions. The situation in Russian is contrasted with that in Czech.
- Published
- 2014
13. Features of the translation of prepositional structures in Chinese periodicals (based on the example, the newspaper 'People's Daily')
- Subjects
предлоги ,chinese language ,prepositional constructions ,предложные конструкции ,prepositions ,publicistic text ,публицистический текст ,китайский язык - Abstract
Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Особенности перевода предложных конструкций в китайских периодических изданиях (на примере газеты «Жэньминь Жибао»)». В данной работе изложены особенности перевода отобранных нами предложных конструкций, которые выявлялись методом анализа и синтеза. Предметом исследования стал перевод предложных конструкций. Цель исследования заключается в анализе перевода отобранных предложных конструкций на примере периодического издания «Жэньминь Жибао» и отработке полученных знаний студентами, изучающими китайский язык посредством тестирования. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1) дать определение предлогов и предложных конструкций 2) дать определение публицистического стиля 3) выявить проблемы перевода предложных конструкций с китайского на русский 4) дать характеристику каждого изучаемого предлога 5) перевести отобранные тексты статей электронной газеты «Жэньминь Жибао» 6) проанализировать предложные конструкции в публицистических текстах 7) составить практические упражнения по переводу предложных конструкций 8) выявить наиболее частотные ошибки при выполнении упражнений 9) дать практические рекомендации во избежание ошибок, которые встретились при прохождении упражнений В ходе работы была показана уникальность использования публицистического текста при изучении различных аспектов языка, представлен подробный анализ предлогов на примере китайского периодического издания «Жэньминь Жибао». Предложен перевод выбранных статей с китайского на русский. Эффективность материала, представленного в данной работе, апробирована на студентах 3 и 4 курсов, изучающих китайский язык, посредством тестирования. Результаты исследования, достигнутые в данной работе, могут быть применены при обучении студентов особенностям перевода предлогов., The subject of the graduate qualification work is “Features of the translation of prepositional structures in Chinese periodicals (based on the example, the newspaper “People's Daily”)”. In the given work the essence of the translation of selected prepositions is stated which were revealed by the method of analysis and synthesis. The subject of the study is the translation of prepositional constructions. The purpose of our study is to analyze the translation of selected prepositional structures using the example of the periodical "People's Daily" and to refine the knowledge gained by students learning Chinese through testing. Tasks that were solved during the study: 1) define prepositions and prepositional constructions 2) give a definition of journalistic style 3) identify problems translating the proposed constructions from Chinese into Russian 4) to characterize each studied preposition 5) translate the selected texts of articles of the online newspaper "People's Daily" 6) to analyze prepositional constructions in journalistic texts 7) make practical exercises for the translation of prepositional constructions 8) identify the most frequent errors when performing exercises 9) give practical recommendations to avoid mistakes that occurred during the exercise. The uniqueness of usage of a publicistic text while studying various aspects of the language and detailed analysis of prepositions through the Chinese periodical edition “People’s Daily” are given. The translation of articles is presented. The effectiveness of the material given has been tested on 3rd and 4th year students who learn Chinese. The research results achieved in this work can be applied in teaching students the features of the translation of prepositions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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14. PREPOSITIONAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH 'NA' IN FOLK DIALECTS OF NORTH-WEST BELARUS.
- Subjects
BELARUSIAN dialects ,BELARUSIAN language ,DIALECT research ,VERBS ,PREPOSITIONS ,GRAMMAR - Abstract
This article is a study of such prepositional constructions as aslepnuts na vochy, hvarets na astsu, azlabitstsa na sina, graz na dudtsy, ehats na kani in folk dialects of north-west Belarus. These constructions have received too little attention in the research on the standard variety of Belorussian and a few issues still need analysis: the usage patterns of the structure and its relations with other dialects. In this paper, we discuss the structural features, the geographical expansion and the prescriptive status of the construction. Our study revealed that the constructions can express different meanings, and they modify the meaning of the verb. The analysed structure exhibits high productivity in the dialects of north-west Belarus. We believe that all prepositional constructions of this kind were derived from non-prepositional constructions; the exact time of such shift is difficult to determine, since the two kinds of constructions have existed in parallel for a long time. The prepositional construction ehats na kani is normative in modern Belorussian and Russian. In the west of Belarus, people also use the prepositionless variant of the construction: ehats kanem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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15. From the borderland of the Lithuanian Southern Aukštaitians: changes in the syntactic constructions
- Author
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Tuomienė, Nijolė
- Subjects
Variant of the Polish language ,Tarmės. Dialektai. Dialektologija / Dialects. Dialectology ,Language contacts ,Lenkų kalba / Polish language ,Šalčininkai ,Kalbų kontaktai / Language contacts ,Paribio arealas ,Slavų kalbos / Slavic languages ,Southern Aukštaitian dialect ,Borderland of the dialect ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Dvikalbystė / Bilingualism ,Vietinė lenkų kalba ,Prepositional constructions ,Local variant of the Belarusian dialect ,Aukštaitija ,Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology ,Rusų kalba / Russian language - Abstract
Straipsnyje tiriami dialektologiniai ir sociolingvistiniai duomenys, surinkti XX a. antrojoje pusėje. Analizuojama paskutiniųjų pietų aukštaičių patarmės atstovų, gyvenusių Šalčininkų rajono apylinkėse, kalba. Pagrindinis šio sinchroninio tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti tiriamojoje teritorijoje, kurioje buvo ir tebėra vartojama ne vien lietuvių kalba, sintaksinių konstrukcijų kaitą: apibūdinti prielinksninių konstrukcijų atsiradimo vietoj linksnio atvejus, nustatyti galimas šio reiškinio plitimo priežastis. Darbe remiamasi Vytauto Ambrazo (2006) šia tema išdėstytais apibendrinimais. XX a. antrojoje pusėje Šalčininkų rajono apylinkių lietuvių šnektos atstovai gyveno aktyvių kontaktų zonoje. Respondentai nuo seno gerai mokėjo ir aktyviai vartojo kelias kalbas: lietuvių šnektą (priklauso pietų aukštaičių patarmei), vietinės baltarusių tarmės variantą, vadinamą poprostu (‘paprastąją kalbą’), vietinį lenkų kalbos variantą ir rusų kalbą. Pokalbių metu visos šios kalbos buvo natūraliai kaitaliojamos tarpusavyje – vyko aktyvi kodų kaita. Dėl ilgalaikių kontaktų su slavų kalbomis Šalčininkų apylinkių lietuvių šnektoje ėmė formuotis ir plisti nauji kalbos reiškiniai. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti laipsnišką naujų sintaksinių konstrukcijų plitimą. Aiškinamasi, kaip ir kodėl šios konstrukcijos įsitvirtina lietuvių šnektoje. Tyrime konstatuojama, kad tiriamojoje lietuvių šnektoje dažnai vartojami prielinksniai – ant, dėl, į, po – junginyje su linksniu įgauna naujų reikšmių. Daugelis tų reikšmių yra atsiradusios kaimynų slavų kalbų pavyzdžiu, todėl lietuvių kalbai dažnai yra svetimos. Intensyvių kontaktų sąlygomis skatinamąjį vaidmenį čia atliko vietinė baltarusių tarmė. Prielinksninės konstrukcijos dar nėra visiškai išstūmusios tiriamajai lietuvių šnektai būdingų atitinkamų neprielinksninių. Jos čia įsitvirtinę ne vietoj grynųjų linksnių, o greta jų. Tiriamos lietuvių šnektos sintaksės kaitą skatina ir bendrinė lietuvių kalba. The dialectological and sociolinguistic material from the Southern Aukštaitian borderland is under the investigation in this article. The most recent records of the speaker of the Lithuanian Southern Aukštaitian in Šalčininkai district are analyzed in order to study the changes in the syntax. The peripheral area of the Southern Aukštaitian located in Šalčininkai district is surrounded or, speaking more precisely, in contact with languages other than Lithuanian, i. e. Belarusian and Polish, and relatively recently with the Russian language as well. The purpose of this article is to reveal the process of interception and convergence of syntactic compounds in the Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai district. The paper is based on ideas by Vytautas Ambrazas (2006) on this topic. Because of continuous language contact a lot of variants in the present Lithuanian dialect of Šalčininkai region have developed. For example, very frequently the prepositions ant ‘on’, dėl ‘for’, į ‘to’, po ‘after’ used in combination with case tend to acquire more specific meanings. A lot of them become analogous to those found in the neighbouring Slavic languages and thus are often alien for Lithuanian. The impact of standard Lithuanian cannot be totally disregarded either. The Lithuanian and Slavic languages are in active contact in these neighbourhoods, that is’ why they tend to develop the same patterns and constructions. In many cases the local Belarusian dialect, known as the poprostu (‘plain language’ – a local variant of the Belarusian northwestern dialect), plays a stimulating role here. Relatively recently all three contact languages, i.e. Lithuanian, Belarusian and Polish, have acquired numerous lexical and grammatical borrowings in the dialects of Šalčininkai neighborhoods. This is one of the conditions for accelerating the incorporation and adoption of alien syntactic patterns in the Lithuanian language. In intense contact, borrowing is not limited to several different patterns because syntactic rules could be adopted as well. Surely, the archaic constructions could acquire entirely new semantic content. The prepositional phrases have been adopted and used not instead of pure cases, but rather alongside with them.
- Published
- 2019
16. The Introspective Methods in Developing Intercultural Communicative Competention
- Author
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Pešková, Michaela
- Subjects
primary prepositions ,interkulturní deník ,ruština jako cizí jazyk ,prepositional case ,etnostereotypy ,secondary prepositions ,infinitive ,purpose relationships ,transgressive ,interkulturní komunikativní kompetence ,simple case ,adverbial phrases ,vysokoškolská příprava učitelů ,adverbial of purpose ,zážitková pedagogika ,image ,prepositional constructions - Abstract
Článek navrhuje introspektivní metodu strukturovaného "interkulturního deníku" jako jednu z didaktických technik rozvíjení interkulturní komunikační kompetence v rámci výuky cizího jazyka s důrazem na formování dimenze hodnot a povědomí. Metodu vysvětluje v kontextu zážitkové pedagogiky. Článek přináší výsledky pilotního ověření deníku, představuje jeho potenciál i limity. Dotýká se problematiky etnostereotypů, imagí a vývojových hladin IKK. Zohledňuje otázku vysokoškolské přípravy učitelů cizích jazyků. The article suggests an introspective method of a structured intercultural diary as one of the procedures of developing ICC within the scope of language teaching, with an emphasis to forming dimensions of values and awareness. The method is explained in the context of experience pedagogy. The article brings results of the pilot diary verification, introduces its potential and limits. It deals with problematics of ethnical stereotypes, an image and developmental levels of ICC. It takes a question of university preparation of language teachers into consideration.
- Published
- 2019
17. Adult Mandarin Chinese speakers' acquisition of locational and directional prepositional constructions in second language English.
- Author
-
Kong, Stano
- Subjects
- *
SECOND language acquisition , *ENGLISH as a foreign language , *MANDARIN dialects , *NATURAL languages , *NATIVE language ,CHINESE as a second language - Abstract
• New data on locational and directional prepositions acquisition. • Asymmetrical performance on locational and directional prepositions. • Grammars representing neither L1 nor L2 but are nevertheless UG constrained. This study tests adult Chinese speakers of second language (L2) English in the domain of manner of motion verbs with locational and directional prepositional phrases. Ninety-eight Chinese speakers (a language which disallows ambiguity between locational and directional readings in sentences like Tom zai qiao dixia paobu/Tom ran under the bridge.) were asked to interpret locational and directional PPs in English (a language which, with certain prepositions, allows ambiguous locational and directional readings). The learners were divided into three proficiency levels and their performance was compared with a native speaker control group. The results from a written picture-matching test indicate that there is a discrepancy between native and non-native mental representations of the grammars concerned; whereas native grammars allow ambiguity between locational and directional readings, L2 learners overwhelmingly prefer locational readings to ambiguous readings of prepositional constructions. Results of the study lend support to the UG and Subset Principle Delinked Hypothesis, one of the predictions of the Subset Principle (Berwick, 1985; Wexler and Manzini, 1987), which argues that learning principles and UG may not be interactive in adult second language acquisition, resulting in a grammar which represents neither the L1 nor the L2 but is nevertheless a natural language permitted by UG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Besonderheiten der Umgangssprache der Litauer Lettlands: Gebrauch der Präpositionen
- Author
-
Regina Kvašytė
- Subjects
Tarmės. Dialektai. Dialektologija / Dialects. Dialectology ,Linguistics and Language ,Kalbų kontaktai / Language contacts ,Language contact ,Kultūrinis identitetas / Cultural identitity ,Language and Linguistics ,Latvių kalba / Latvian language ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Ethnical awareness ,Lietuviai / Lithuanians ,Latvija (Latvia) ,Emigrantai. Išeivija. Egzodas / Emigrants. Diaspora ,Prepositional constructions ,Kalbinė interferencija ,Latvijos lietuviai ,Linguistic interference ,Latvian Lithuanians ,Latvian ,Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology - Abstract
Kalba yra svarbiausias Latvijos lietuvių etninio sąmoningumo atspindys. Socialinės etninę mažumą Latvijoje sudarančios lietuvių bendruomenės gimtosios kalbos funkcijos yra ribotos – lietuvių kalba naudojama beveik tik kasdieniam bendravimui, kadangi galimybės kalbėti gimtąja kalba kitos vyraujančios kalbos aplinkoje apsiriboja individualiais ar šeimos poreikiais ir siauru draugų ratu (rečiau – tam tikromis bendromis lietuvių bendruomenės veiklomis). Dėl šios priežasties Latvijos lietuviams būdingesnė šnekamoji lietuvių kalbos atmaina. Iki šiol Latvijoje gyvenančių lietuvių kalbos lingvistinės ypatybės buvo tiriamos daugiau leksiniame lygmenyje. Latvijos lietuvių gimtojoje kalboje pastebima prielinksninių konstrukcijų gausa. Atsižvelgiant į jų pobūdį skiriamas trejopas prielinksninių konstrukcijų vartojimas: kaip lietuvių literatūrinėje kalboje, kaip lietuvių šnekamojoje kalboje ar jos tarmėse ir kaip lietuvių kalboje, patiriančioje latvių kalbos įtaką. Minėtieji lietuvių gimtosios kalbos pokyčiai svetimos kalbos aplinkoje įvyko dėl skirtingų priežasčių; lietuvių kalbai didelę įtaką turi latvių kalba, taip pat, pastebimos tokios konstrukcijos, kurios yra būdingos ir šnekamajai lietuvių kalbai. A language is one of the most important indexes of ethnical awareness of Latvian Lithuanians. Societal functions of the Lithuanian language as the one of the ethnical minority in Latvia are narrowed – this language serves only for everyday communication because a possibility to use one’s mother tongue in a different language environment is linked more with individual or family needs and those of a small circle of friends (more rarely, for the needs of community activities, in case if Lithuanians of a certain locality join associations). Thus, among Latvian Lithuanians, a spoken language is more common. The linguistic peculiarities of Lithuanians living in Latvia have been mostly investigated on the lexis level until now. However, a great variety of prepositional constructions is noticeable as well in the mother tongue of Lithuanians. According to their expression, the three-fold usage can be singled out: as in the Lithuanian literary language; as in a spoken language or dialects; and as in the language impacted by the Latvian language (or undergoing its additional impact). Such changes of the native Lithuanian language have occurred in the environment of the foreign language due to different reasons. The Latvian language has made and still makes a great influence; also, some constructions peculiar to the spoken Lithuanian language are present, too.
- Published
- 2009
19. Поводом конструкције за + инфинитив у српском језику
- Author
-
Одбор за стандардизацију српског језика
- Subjects
стандардизација језика ,предлошке конструкције ,инфинитив ,Одбор за стандардизацију српског језика ,language standardization ,Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language ,prepositional constructions ,infinitive - Published
- 2015
20. Kauzalnyje otnošenija, vyražennyje v russkom jazyke predložnymi konstrukcijami, ich sootvetstvija v češskom jazyke
- Author
-
Brandner Aleš
- Subjects
causal relationships ,adverbial of cause ,adverbial phrases ,prepositional constructions ,primary prepositiona ,secondary prepositions ,simple case ,prepositional case - Abstract
V statje razbirajusja russkije pričinnyje otnošenija, vyražennyje s pomoščju substantivnych sočetanij s pervoobraznymi i proizvodnymi predlogami. Situacija v russkom jazyke sravnivajetsja s situacijej v češskom jazyke. In the present paper we discuss Russian causal relations expressed by nominal expressions with primary and secondary prepositions. The situation in Russian is contrasted with that in Czech.
- Published
- 2014
21. Mokslinių-techninių tekstų vertimo mokymo aspektai
- Author
-
Vyšniauskienė, Dalia and Eigirdienė, Dalia
- Subjects
Mokslinis techninis tekstas ,Syntactic unit ,Sintaksema ,Scientific and technical text ,Profesinė kalba ,Professional language ,Moksliniai techniniai tekstai ,Prepositional construction ,Mokslinė-techninė kalba ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Scientific technical texts ,Formation of competence of interpretation ,Prepositional constructions ,Syntactic seme ,Komunikacija ,Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology ,Technological language ,Rusų kalba / Russian language ,Vertimas / Translation - Abstract
Ruošiant vertėjus didelis dėmesys kreipiamas į studentų vertimo kompetencijos formavimą. Tai padeda išugdyti gebėjimą suvokti ir praktikoje taikyti tarpkalbinius transformacijos tipus, atpažinti ir taisyklingai vartoti leksines ir gramatines priemones. Verčiant iš vienos kalbos į kitą dauguma pagrindinių mokslinės-techninės kalbos konstrukcijų kinta. Vertėjas vienos kalbos vienetus tarytum transformuoja į kitos kalbos elementus, atitinkančius vertimo kalbos normas, stiliaus ir žanro reikalavimus. Tačiau paralelinių lietuvių ir rusų kalbų struktūrų buvimas dar nereiškia jų vertimo santykių adekvatumo. Todėl tobulinant būsimų vertėjų įgūdžius labai svarbu iš vienos pusės ugdyti vertimo kompetenciją, iš kitos pusės – sudaryti sąlygas profesinei kvalifikacijai kelti. Straipsnyje aptariamos vertėjų mokymo proceso aktualijos, analizuojamos mokslinių-techninių tekstų vertimo problemos, formuojant profesinę vertėjų kompetenciją. Vertimo įgūdžių lavinimo procesą užtikrina tam tikrų mokymosi strategijų parinkimas ir jų taikymas, mokymo ir metodinių priemonių paruošimas, pratimų kompleksų, skirtų gramatinėms struktūroms įsisavinti, tekstui redaguoti ir suvokti ir kt. sudarymas.
- Published
- 2011
22. Zum Ausdruck der äußeren Ursache durch Präpositionalphrasen im Deutschen und Litauischen
- Author
-
Skaidra Girdenienė
- Subjects
lcsh:Language and Literature ,Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,äußere Ursache ,synkrete Bedeutung ,Prepositional construction ,Language and Linguistics ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,kausal ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,Political science ,medicine ,Prepositional constructions ,Sinkretinė reikšmė ,Gynecology ,Präposition ,Ursache und Wirkung ,Cause ,Syncretic meaning ,Kausalität ,Causality ,lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,Eastern european ,Priežastis ,lcsh:P ,Priežastingumas ,Kalbos dalys. Morfologija / Morphology - Abstract
Straipsnis skirtas vienos priežastingumo atmainos − išorinės priežasties − raiškai prielinksninėmis konstrukcijomis vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbose. Apsiribojama dviem prielinksniais: vokiečių kalbos prielinksniu „von", reikalaujančiu naudininko linksnio, ir jo leksiniu atitikmeniu lietuvių kalboje „nuo", vartojamu su kilmininku. Greta daugelio kitų reikšmių, šie prielinksniai gali reikšti ir priežastį, pati būdingiausia – išorinės priežasties raiška. Išorinė priežastis išskiriama lingvistiniais sumetimais, siekiant išryškinti semantines ir sintaksines nagrinėjamų konstrukcijų ypatybes. Išorine priežastimi laikomi išoriniai dalykai, dėl kurių sakinio subjektas patiria tam tikrą pasekmę. Tai gali būti išorės reiškiniai, tokie kaip „saulė", „vėjas", „kaitra" ir kt. bei to paties subjekto išoriniai požymiai, pvz., „ėjimas", „lakstymas", „ieškojimas", „svoris". Straipsnyje nagrinėjami prielinksniniai junginiai su abstrakčiaisiais daiktavardžiais, reiškiančiais tiesioginę išorinę priežastį, ir konkrečiaisiais daiktavardžiais, reiškiančiais netiesioginę išorinę priežastį. Netiesioginės išorinės priežasties raiška pasitaiko rečiau − konkretieji daiktavardžiai šiuo atveju pavartojami metonimiškai. Straipsnyje apibūdinama nagrinėjamų konstrukcijų aplinka bei išskiriami du jų vartojimo sakinyje būdai išorinei priežasčiai reikšti: aplinkybinis ir priklausomas nuo gramatinės struktūros. Pastaruoju atveju išorinę priežastį reiškiančios prielinksninės konstrukcijos, greta priežasties reikšmės, nusako ir veiksmo sukėlėją, kurį galima laikyti ir priežastimi, dėl kurios sakinio subjektas patiria tam tikrą pasekmę. Todėl šiuo atveju galima kalbėti apie sinkretinę tokių konstrukcijų reikšmę, apimančią priežastį ir veiksmo sukėlėją. The article is about an expression of a variant of causality, an external reason, using prepositional constructions in German and Lithuanian. It is limited to two prepositions: a German “von” which requires for a dative case and its lexical equivalent in Lithuanian “nuo” which is used with a genitive case. Next to many other meanings, the prepositions may mean a reason which is the most characteristic expression of the external reason. An external reason is distinguished because of linguistic considerations in order to emphasize semantic and syntactic features of the analysed constructions. External reasons are external issues because of which a subject of the sentence experiences a certain result. It may be external phenomena such as “sun”, “wind”, “heat” and etc. and external features of the same object, ex.: “going”, “running”, “searching” or “weight”. The article analyses prepositional constructions with abstract nouns which mean a direct external reason and with concrete nouns which mean an indirect external reason. An expression of an indirect external reason is rarer because in this case concrete nouns are used metonymically. The article describes the environment of analysed constructions and distinguishes two their uses in a sentence in order to express an external reason: situational and depending on grammatical structures. In the latter case, prepositional constructions expressing an external reason also describe an object which makes an action. This object may be treated as a reason because of which a subject of the sentence experiences a certain result. Therefore, in this case, a syncretic meaning which includes a reason and an object which makes an action of such constructions may be discussed.
- Published
- 2010
23. Употреба приједлога преко у српскохрватском стандардном језику
- Subjects
syntax ,semantics ,preposition 'preko' ,prepositional constructions ,genitive case ,синтакса ,семантика ,предлог 'преко' ,предлошко-падежне конструкције ,генитив - Published
- 1981
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