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Objectives: To determine the microbiological quality of samples from processed natural products used for medicinal purposes and marketed in Quito, Ecuador. Materials and methods: Aerobic microorganisms, molds and yeasts were counted by conventional standardized techniques, according to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), in samples from 83 products. The microorganisms found were identified and their antimicrobial sensitivity was determined using the agar diffusion method. Results: The total aerobic microorganism count exceeded the specified limits in 17.0% of syrups, 27.0% of topical products and 43.0% of oral solids; the molds and yeasts count exceeded the limit in 33.0% of syrups, 7.0% of topical products and 36.0% of oral solids. Products for eye use did not pass the sterility test. The most frequently isolated bacterial genus was Bacillus, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were not found in any product, but potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas were isolated in 40.0% of the eye drops. Enterobacter and Escherichia coli showed resistance to multiple compounds and Pseudomonas was not resistant to any antibiotic. Conclusions: The microbiological quality of the products examined was not adequate. Potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant microorganisms were isolated from the samples. These products may not be suitable for distribution and consumption, even though many of them have sanitary registration. Control and regulation by the corresponding authorities is essential.

Background: finding natural treatments designed to protect the liver from the damaging effects of hepatotoxins is an important topic in medical and pharmaceutical research. Objective: to pre-clinically evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the species Ocimum basilicum L. and Allium sativum L. in an animal model of acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Methods: a preclinical pharmacological study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the species Ocimum basilicum L. and Allium sativum L. against acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Adult male NMRI mice were used. They were orally administered soft extracts of the plants at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg for three consecutive days before inducing hepatotoxicity. Clinical signs of toxicity and hepatic biochemical parameters were evaluated; in addition, the morphological analysis of the liver was performed. Results: the biochemical parameters showed highly significant differences, but only three groups had results similar to the untreated control group. No macroscopic changes in the liver were confirmed. Microscopically, the absence of histopathological changes prevailed in the groups treated with Ocimum basilicum L. at both doses and Allium sativum L. at 200mg/kg; slight damage was observed by administering 400mg/kg of Allium sativum L., with significant differences from the untreated control group. Conclusions: soft extracts of the species Ocimum basilicum L. and Allium sativum L. at a dose of 200mg/kg have greater hepatoprotective activity against the toxic action of acetaminophen.

Fundamento: la búsqueda de alternativas de tratamiento naturales, orientadas a proteger el hígado de los efectos nocivos de hepatotoxinas, es un tema importante dentro de las investigaciones médico-farmacéuticas. Objetivo: evaluar preclínicamente la actividad hepatoprotectora de las especies Ocimum basilicum L. y Allium sativum L. en un biomodelo de toxicidad inducido por paracetamol. Métodos: se realizó un estudio farmacológico preclínico para evaluar el efecto hepatoprotector de las especies Ocimum basilicum L. y Allium sativum L. frente a la toxicidad inducida por el paracetamol. Se emplearon ratones adultos machos NMRI a los que se administró por vía oral extractos blandos de las plantas de estudio a dosis de 200mg/kg y 400mg/kg, tres días consecutivos previos a la inducción de la hepatotoxicidad. Se evaluaron los signos clínicos de toxicidad, parámetros bioquímicos hepáticos; también se realizó el análisis morfológico del hígado. Resultados: los parámetros bioquímicos analizados mostraron diferencias altamente significativas, pero solo tres grupos presentaron un comportamiento similar al grupo control no tratado. No se confirmaron alteraciones macroscópicas del hígado. Microscópicamente, predominó la ausencia de alteraciones histopatológicas en los grupos donde se administró Ocimum basilicum L. a ambas dosis y Allium sativum L. a 200mg/Kg; también se observó daño leve al administrar 400mg/Kg de Allium sativum L, con diferencias significativas respecto al grupo control no tratado. Conclusión: los extractos blandos de las especies Ocimum basilicum L. y Allium sativum L. a 200mg/kg, poseen mayor actividad hepatoprotectora frente a la acción tóxica del paracetamol.