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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Enfermería is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The administration of colostrum through its absorption at the oropharyngeal level stimulates the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, providing a local immunological protection barrier. The study aimed to investigate the association of oropharyngeal colostrum administration with the reduction of inflammatory indices. Materials and methods: This was an observational, ambispective, analytical study of newborns < 32 weeks of gestation at risk of sepsis. Oropharyngeal colostrum was administered at 0.2 mL every 4 h for 5 days. Inflammatory indices were analyzed. Statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean and Standard deviation, contingency coefficient, and Kolmogorov--Smirnov test for the distribution curve of the numerical data. Results: There were 50 patients, 33 (66%) female and 17 (34%) male, with a median gestational age of 30-31 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]). Nineteen patients had sepsis. A lower positivity rate in C-reactive protein was found, with a median of 0.5-0.6 (95% CI) at 5 days of colostrum administration versus 0.5-1.1 (95% CI) as the initial C-reactive protein. Analysis with χ² yielded a p = 0.13, and the contingency coefficient showed a p = 0.196, indicating an association. Conclusion: Oropharyngeal colostrum administration was associated with a lower C-reactive protein positivity rate and clinical improvement in premature newborns at risk of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether the therapeutic use of caffeine for premature newborns is associated with changes in sleep habits and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea in childhood. Methods: This is a cross-sectional single-center study in which the caretakers of 87 children aged 5–10 years, born full-term or preterm, treated or not with caffeine in the neonatal period, answered questionnaires to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Tool [PosaST]) and to characterize the sleep habits (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ]) of their children. ANOVA and linear regression tests were performed to verify possible differences between the groups. Results: Children born prematurely who were treated with caffeine woke up significantly later on weekdays than those born at term (09h±00h58 and 07h43±1h15, respectively, p=0.022) and had longer total daily sleep time also compared to those born at term (10h24±1h08 and 09h29±1h08, respectively, p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the three groups in overall PosaST and CSHQ scores. Conclusions: Caffeine use in the neonatal period did not impair sleep habits later in life and did not lead to increased obstructive sleep apnea scores in prematurely born children compared to those born at term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the cognitive development of preterm infants at six and 12 months of corrected age and the associations with perinatal and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cognitive development of 40 infants (20 preterm and 20 full-term) at six and 12 months of age was evaluated using the Bayley-III scale. Correlations between cognitive outcome and associated factors were assessed using Spearman correlation. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with covariance was applied to identify changes on cognitive score between six and 12 months. Results: Bayley-III cognitive score in preterm group was significantly lower than in full-term group at both six and 12 months of age. Birth weight correlated with cognitive performance at six months and head circumference at birth at 12 months, in full-terms infants. The occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis was inversely associated with cognitive score in preterms at 12 months. An increase in cognitive score was observed between six and 12 months in both groups, but the gain was more pronounced in preterms. Conclusions: These findings suggest some cognitive recovery capacity in the first year despite the restrictions imposed by premature birth and emphasize the importance of early interventions in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Fatty acids of the omega-3/omega-6 groups are used in cases of pregnancy, lactation and preterm birth. In recent decades, pediatrics has been trying to find out whether the use of omega-3/omega-6 has effects on human growth and neurodevelopment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 original articles on the topic of omega-3/omega-6 and human growth and nutrition, in gynecology and pediatrics have been selected on PubMed from January 1979 until March 2023. RESULTS: Significant critical issues emerged regarding published studies, despite encouraging evidence on the usefulness of omega-3/omega-6 used in pregnancy, lactation, states of malnutrition, and inflammatory processes, while data on the efficacy of use in fetal, neonatal, and pediatric patients are conflicting. Critical structural and functional issues emerge in the studies that may call into question the validity of the results. CONCLUSIONS: The data are encouraging and suggest that certain aspects of the type of administration and dosages of omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid supplementation should be investigated further to help demonstrate the clinical validity of such prescriptions, especially in terms of gestational maturation, growth, and human nutrition in clinical practice in Gynecology and Pediatrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the main causes of blindness in children in Latin America. This retinopathy characterized by abnormal vascular proliferation of the retina due to proangiogenic factors, which imply a formation of structurally deficient new vessels that generate tractional retinal detachment. Since ROP is a sequentially progres-sive pathology, it requires the implementation of screening systems. The importance of screening in patients with risk factors will be described to detect it in opportune stages that allow to grant a better prognosis. Currently, tools such as Retcam, developed by Clarity Medical Systems, consists of a computer image acquisition system with five lenses to collect characteristics of the anterior segment, retina, and optic nerve in real time, being a valuable resource for ROP screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCCIÓN: La lesión renal aguda (LRA) se define como una disminución en la capacidad que tienen los riñones para eliminar los productos nitrogenados de desecho, se instaura en horas o pocos días ocasionando aumento de la creatininemia y disminución del volumen urinario, aunque también puede presentarse con volumen urinario normal. La definición modificada de Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; KDIGO incluye la diuresis y el aumento de creatininemia como criterios diagnósticos para LRA OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de LRA en recién nacidos pretérmino (RNPT) con peso al nacer menor o igual a 1600 gramos internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini desde enero a diciembre de 2022. Caracterizar la población de RNPT que desarrolló LRA en función de las alteraciones en la diuresis y terapia de reemplazo renal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se incluyeron RNPT con peso ≤ a 1600 gramos. A los pacientes incluidos se le registraron los valores de creatininemia obtenidos durante su período de internación. Se calculó la prevalencia de LRA. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 3066 recién nacidos vivos en el año 2022. Fueron incluidos 57 prematuros. Se diagnosticó LRA en 6 pacientes. La prevalencia de LRA en RNPT, en el período estudiado fue de 10,5 %. CONCLUSIÓN: La creatinina sérica es el biomarcador de rutina más utilizado en la práctica clínica para evaluar la función renal. Cumple de manera ineficiente con los requisitos para valorar la LRA dado que mide filtrado glomerular y no daño renal. Es fundamental incorporar biomarcadores tempranos y específicos para el diagnóstico oportuno de esta patología.

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los recién nacidos con displasia broncopulmonar dependientes de ventilación mecánica a las 36 semanas, corresponden en general a prematuros menores de 27 semanas con morbilidad grave: enterocolitis, infecciones, retinopatía, retraso en el crecimiento y secuelas del neurodesarrollo. Si la extubación no es posible entre las 40 y 50 semanas, se indica una traqueostomía, normalmente acompañada de una gastrostomía. La decisión depende del apoyo ventilatorio, de la morbilidad asociada (neurológica, hipertensión pulmonar, lesiones de la vía aérea) y del grado de desnutrición. La traqueostomía optimiza el manejo ventilatorio, disminuye la necesidad de sedación, facilita la movilidad, la neurorrehabilitación y el alta al hogar en ventilación domiciliaria. La edad óptima de ejecución no está estandarizada, pero hay evidencia que muestra beneficios en el neurodesarrollo si se realiza antes de los 120 días de vida. La mayoría de los prematuros traqueostomizados son manejados en domicilio y a los 5 años ya se encuentran decanulados.

Preterm newborns (PNEB) present anatomo-physiological characteristics that predispose them to the development of respiratory complications leading to the need of special care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) for monitoring vital functions and performing specialized procedures. The Thoracoabdominal Rebalancing (TOR) method promotes improvement in pulmonary ventilation and restores the balance of respiratory mechanics by normalizing muscle tone, playing an important role in the recovery of the newborn. The objective of this research was to verify the effects of the Thoracoabdominal Rebalancing Method on the cardiorespiratory parameters of premature newborns under non-invasive ventilation admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This is a cross-sectional, observational and quantitative clinical study, in which the sample consisted of 6 PIs admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Values of Respiratory Rate (RR), Heart Rate (HR) and Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) were checked before, during and after the application of the TOR Method during a single visit to each newborn. The data were distributed in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheets, where they were organized according to the established objectives, and later submitted to Friedman's test to measure significant changes between the analyzed values. According to the variables analyzed, it was found that the HR was statistically lower after 10 minutes when compared to during the procedure (p=0.030); the RR was statistically lower 10 minutes later when compared to minutes before the procedure (p=0.003); and Sp02 was statistically higher after 10 minutes when compared to 5 minutes earlier (p=0.023). It is concluded, then, that the TOR Method produced positive effects in relation to the cardiorespiratory parameters (HR, RR and SpO2) of premature newborns under Noninvasive Ventilation and did not cause harmful intercurrences to the hemodynamics of PIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de crianças prematuras e analisar a relação entre o aleitamento materno e as aquisições motoras no primeiro ano de vida. Participaram 62 bebês prematuros de um Ambulatório de Alto Risco, divididos em 2 grupos: GA – crianças que receberam aleitamento materno; GSA – crianças que não receberam aleitamento materno. Foi utilizada a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) para avaliar o desenvolvimento. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva, Teste t independente, Teste U Mann Whitney, Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste de Correlação de Spearman. As crianças que receberam aleitamento materno demonstraram melhor desempenho motor considerando o percentil (0,006) e a categorização de desempenho (0,03). Quanto maior o tempo de aleitamento exclusivo, maior o percentil de desempenho motor das crianças (rho = 0,38; p = 0,002). O aleitamento materno impacta no desenvolvimento motor de crianças prematuras e, quanto maior o tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo, melhor o desempenho motor das crianças.

Resumo Fundamento A incidência de ductus arteriosus patente (PCA) pode chegar a 50% em pacientes prematuros. Quando hemodinamicamente significativo, pode ser responsável por tempo de ventilação mecânica prolongado, além de importante fator de risco para o aparecimento de enterocolite necrotizante, hemorragia intraventricular e displasia broncopulmonar nessa população. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a experiência inicial do fechamento percutâneo de canal arterial em prematuros pesando menos de 2 kg. Métodos Trata-se de estudo prospectivo que compreendeu 14 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a fechamento percutâneo de canal arterial de março de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021 em 6 instituições no Brasil. Resultados A idade gestacional média ao nascimento foi de 28,45 ±3,14 semanas, a idade média no momento do procedimento foi de 38,85 ±17,35 dias e o peso médio de 1,41±0,41 kg. Dentre os prematuros, 79% necessitavam de ventilação mecânica e 79% tinham feito uso de, em média, 1,5 ciclos de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides. A maioria dos pacientes teve melhora dos parâmetros ventilatórios e o tempo médio de extubação foi de 12,6 ±7,24 dias. A taxa de sucesso foi de 100%. Não houve mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento. Conclusão Este estudo concluiu que o fechamento percutâneo do canal arterial em prematuros é uma realidade no Brasil, com resultados satisfatórios e baixa taxa de complicações.

O leite materno além de ser a melhor alimentação para bebês, contribui para redução de até 13% da mortalidade infantil. Dentre as estratégias para intensificar o aleitamento materno e a manutenção da lactação encontra-se a extração de leite humano em ambiente neonatal. Com a pandemia, novos obstáculos surgiram, como o distanciamento das mães nas unidades neonatais e a redução na extração de leite a beira do leito em ambiente neonatal. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar a experiência de estratégias e ações que favoreçam a manutenção da lactação em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros, com ênfase na extração de leite à beira do leito nas unidades neonatais. Trata-se de relato de experiência que utilizou a metodologia do Arco de Maguerez, nas unidades neonatais de um hospital terciário, em Fortaleza/Ceará, nos meses de fevereiro a agosto de 2022. Teve como base as estratégias para manutenção da lactação em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros com ênfase na extração de leite à beira leito. Destacam-se como desafios da manutenção da lactação em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros a interrupção da ordenha na beira do leito, a ausência de protocolo definido, a falta de sensibilização da equipe, a superlotação, a dificuldade no livre acesso da mãe de corrente do agravamento da pandemia e a baixa adesão dos profissionais aos treinamentos. A partir dos aspectos identificados foi desenvolvido o ‘Procedimento Operacional Padrão e Fluxo de Extração de Leite em Ambiente neonatal’, reuniões, treinamentos e sensibilização com as equipes, envolvendo também a residência multiprofissional. As boas práticas neonatais ainda são um desafio, observado de forma mais evidente na pandemia. Esta experiência possibilitou identificar lacunas, desenvolver estratégias, intensificar o conhecimento e direcionar ações para a melhoria da assistência neonatal.

Copyright of Saberes Plurais is the property of Saberes Plurais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as características neuropsicológicas do desenvolvimento no primeiro ano de bebês prematuros comparados com bebês a termo, através de uma metodologia de revisão de literatura. A busca foi realizada nas bases MEDLINE, APAPsycNet, Science Direct e SciELO, no período de 2004 a 2021, utilizando a palavra-chave "neuropsychology" combinada com "infant premature" e "premature birth". Apenas quatro estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, que foram: amostras de no mínimo dez prematuros, comparados com bebês a termo de até um ano de idade; estudos com, no mínimo, uma testagem cognitiva ou de linguagem, motora e socioemocional. Os estudos encontrados relataram os seguintes resultados: foi observada uma maior reatividade nos prematuros para raiva, mas menores reatividades ao medo e a brincadeiras; foram relatados também prejuízos motores, diferenças em relação ao índice de desenvolvimento cognitivo (considerando-se a idade cronológica), assim como escores menores no desempenho audiovisual, cognitivo e de linguagem. Neste sentido, os estudos sugerem que bebês prematuros apresentam comprometimentos distintos quando comparados aos bebês nascidos a termo. Com poucos estudos longitudinais, argumenta-se que mais estudos com enfoque no desenvolvimento integral são necessários.

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un programa de enfermería sobre los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo (neurodesarrollo) del recién nacido prematuro (RNPT) en el servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatal del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Investigación preexperimental, nivel aplicativo y enfoque cuantitativo, población enfermeras asistenciales del servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatal del INMP, muestra constituida por 26 enfermeras. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la observación y la encuesta y dos instrumentos, lista de chequeo (KR 0.792) y escala de Likert (Alfa de Crombach 0.917), aplicados en 2 fases antes y después del programa de intervención. Los datos recolectados fueron procesados con el programa SPSS y para medir el efecto del programa de intervención se empleó la prueba de Mc Nemar. El estudio fue autorizado por la unidad funcional de investigación del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Resultados. Existe diferencia en las prácticas sobre los cuidados centrados en el desarrollo del RNPT aplicados por las enfermeras del servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatal del INMP, evidenciado por un p=0.031 (p

Introducción: la lactancia materna es el acto fisiológico por medio del cual la madre alimenta y aporta los nutrientes necesarios al recién nacido (RN), los lineamientos tanto de la OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud) y el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, proponen lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 primeros meses de vida, complementándola hasta los dos años con el fin de lograr los aportes nutricionales necesarios para el desarrollo sano del RN. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y prospectivo. Se incluyeron las madres de los RN prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer, incluidos en el seguimiento del Programa Madre Canguro de nuestro hospital, quienes interrumpieron la lactancia materna exclusiva hacia los 3 meses de edad corregida. Resultados: se identificaron 124 pacientes, la principal causa de abandono fue la percepción de la baja producción de leche materna en 43,5% de las madres encuestadas; la edad gestacional de los recién nacidos fue de 32 a 36 semanas en el 61.3% de los pacientes. Discusión: la deserción de la lactancia materna exclusiva en los primeros meses de vida es importante para el desarrollo integral y los factores para mantenerla son variables de una población a otra; hay que analizar las principales causas y así implementar medidas que la fomenten y eviten la deserción de esta práctica fundamental.

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes is the property of Editorial Sanchez y Barcelo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Describir y analizar el nivel de la Autoeficacia Materna en Adolescentes de un hospital de segundo nivel en el estado de Guanajuato, en México. Método: Fue aplicado a madres adolescentes que asistieron a un Hospital Materno en el estado de Guanajuato, se empleó la escala Autoeficacia Parental Materna Percibida (α=0.98) que consta de 20 ítems de tipo Likert y cuatro subescalas, así como una cédula de identificación semiestructurada para los datos sociodemográficos, esta última, validada por expertos. Se tuvieron en cuenta las consideraciones éticas. Resultados principales: El 72.7% de las madres adolescentes presentaron un nivel de autoeficacia baja, caracterizándose por falta de habilidad y poca experiencia en los cuidados maternos. Conclusión general: La autoeficacia materna en adolescentes es baja, dadas las características propias del desarrollo en esta etapa, aunado a la maternidad, algunas madres se enfrentan al nacimiento de un prematuro, que en la mayoría de los casos llega a ser hospitalizado, repercutiendo una vez más en la autoeficacia. Para enfermería, las madres adolescentes presentan un reto para el cuidado, por lo tanto, se identifica la necesidad de describir este fenómeno para poder crear intervenciones educativas basadas en la Autoeficacia materna en adolescentes.

BACKGROUND: Currently, speech therapists in Colombia do not have standardized tests that allow them to clearly establish the right time to start oral feeding of the newborn; For this reason, the international test POFRAS (Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale), could be of great help in this evaluation process if it is validated in this country. OBJECTIVE: To establish the interobserver reliability of the POFRAS instrument, in the evaluation of the initiation of oral feeding in premature infants, in the NICU of Hospital San José. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative descriptive concordance study, in which 2 speech therapists participated from the San José de Popayán Hospital participated, evaluating twenty premature infants, selected by non-probabilistic sampling, with prior establishment of ethical aspects. RESULTS: An agreement proportion of 74% was obtained, indicating a good coincidence between the two evaluators in the rating of the items in premature infants. To determine concordance, weighted Kappa was used in each item; it was found in the evaluation of behavioral organization, the general tone with value k=0, 76, state of consciousness k=0, 53 and global posture k=0, 51, with an excellent and good concordance. In oral reflexes, sucking reflex was k=0, 74, rooting reflex k=0, 59, bite k=0, 55 and gag k=0, 57; here the concordance was good. In non-nutritive sucking and in signs of stress, the kappa values showed good agreement. In oral posture, a concordance with values regular was observed. The Kappa Coefficient of the instrument was k=0, 52 classified as "good" concordance. CONCLUSION: The POFRAS test has a "good" reliability to establish the initiation of oral feeding in the neonatal population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effect of prematurity and the infant's temperament on the mother-infant behaviors in the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF). The study included 75 mothers and their infants (37 preterm and 38 term) between three and four months of age (corrected age for preterm infants). The mothers responded to a perception scale of the infants' temperament and the dyads were observed in a structured condition (FFSF). The FFSF Paradigm, divided into three episodes, made it possible to analyze the behaviors of: Positive Social Orientation, Negative Social Orientation and Self-comfort. The averages recorded for these categories were analyzed in a Multivariate ANOVA (factors: prematurity and temperament). Temperament had more effect on maternal and infant behaviors, suggesting that this factor may influence mother-infant interaction. The results can guide possible interventions with families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: the follow-up of small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants is critical due to their differentiated postnatal growth pattern. Objective: to investigate the weight z-score behavior in SGA preterm infants during a four-week stay in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methods: a retrospective longitudinal study with data from nutritional anamneses of 190 preterm infants admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January/2017 and December/2019, classified according to nutritional status at birth as either SGA or appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Linear regression was used to verify association between weight z-score with gestational age, birth weight, initiation of enteral nutrition and relative amount of energy and protein administered. Results: SGA preterm infants accounted for 23 % of the study participants. In SGA, the difference in weight score was observed at week 1 when compared to admission (p < 0.05), while in AGA there was a difference sustained during the whole period (p < 0.05). In SGA, the linear regression analysis showed that the change in z-score was explained by time to start of enteral nutrition (p = 0.033), gestational age (p = 0.003) and birth weight (p = 0.001). In AGA the change was explained by gestational age (p = 0.000) and birth weight (p = 0.000). Conclusion: the weight z-score behavior in preterm infants was downward compared to admission, stable at the end of 4 weeks, and different according to nutritional status at birth. In the AGA group the decline in nutritional status was not recovered throughout hospitalization and in the SGA group the unfavorable nutritional status was maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the aim of improving the care of the premature newborn during their hospital stay, and their well-being in the transition from enteral to independent feeding, it is proposed to incorporate an assessment system within a Spanish Neonatal Unit. The translation of the Early Feeding Skills Assessment (EFSA) tool is presented, along with a study of its measurement properties. Patients and method: A total of 104 assessments were made on premature babies of less than 34 + 6 weeks of gestational age, admitted to the neonatal unit with total or partial feeding, including a normal neurological examination for their age and with physiological stability. Results: The EFSA 2010 tool achieved an acceptable value (0.76) as regards its internal consistency. The EFSA 2018 tool maintained an acceptable internal consistency value (0.751). As regards the reliability between two observers, the results showed a satisfactory and excellent reliability in 57.69% of the items in the EFSA 2010 tool, a property that improved in the EFSA 2018 tool (73.68%). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the EFSA tool is consistent and reliable for use as a tool for the assessment of oral abilities for feeding premature babies admitted into a Spanish Neonatal Unit. Resumen: Introducción: Con el propósito de mejorar la atención al recién nacido prematuro durante su estancia hospitalaria y su bienestar en la transición de la alimentación enteral a independiente, se propone incorporar un sistema de evaluación dentro de una unidad neonatal española. Presentamos la traducción al idioma español de la herramienta Early Feeding Skills Assessment y el estudio de sus propiedades métricas. Pacientes y métodos: 104 evaluaciones sobre bebés prematuros menores de 34 + 6 semanas de edad gestacional admitidos en la unidad neonatal con alimentación oral parcial o total, con examen neurológico normal para su edad y con estabilidad fisiológica. Resultados: La herramienta EFSA 2010 alcanza un valor aceptable (0,76) en cuanto a su consistencia interna. La herramienta EFSA 2018 mantiene un valor de consistencia interna aceptable (0,751). En cuanto a la fiabilidad entre dos evaluadores, los resultados muestran fiabilidad satisfactoria y excelente en un 57,69% de los ítems en la herramienta EFSA 2010, propiedad que mejora en la herramienta EFSA 2018 (73,68%). Conclusiones: La herramienta EFSA-VE es consistente y fiable para su uso como herramienta de valoración de las habilidades orales para la alimentación del bebé prematuro ingresado en una unidad neonatal española.

O número de bebés que nascem prematuros tem vindo a aumentar. É indiscutível a importância dos avanços tecnológicos e da pesquisa nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de Neonatologia (UCIN), sendo essencial o papel desempenhado pelos fisioterapeutas nos cuidados prestados a estes bebés. As suas potencialidades só se desenvolvem na medida em que o bebé encontra estimulação e posicionamento adequado. Realizou-se um estudo piloto na UCIN do Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), no período de julho de 2011 a março de 2012, em que se pretendeu avaliar o efeito de um programa de fisioterapia na estabilização do prematuro. Este programa consistiu em posicionar o prematuro em decúbito dorsal, lateral direito e lateral esquerdo e decúbito ventral, permanecendo em cada posição 5 minutos. O objetivo foi avaliar, durante a permanência do bebé na UCIN, a alteração nos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC) e saturação de oxigénio (SatO2), antes e depois do tratamento. A amostra por conveniência incluiu no estudo 30 bebés prematuros, sendo 13 do género feminino e 17 do género masculino, que obedeceram a critérios específicos de inclusão. Para verificar as variáveis fisiológicas FC e SatO2 foi utilizado um Oxímetro de Pulso BCI 3401. Verificou-se que a FC diminui e a SatO2 aumentou entre a primeira avaliação e a segunda avaliação, para a amostra total, assim como para os sujeitos do género feminino e os sujeitos do género masculino, para α = 0.05 e valor p≤0,001. Contudo, a diferença entre as médias dos dois momentos de avaliação da FC e da SatO2, em função do género, não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Em conclusão, o estudo sugere que o programa de fisioterapia promove a melhoria da SatO2 e diminuição da FC, promovendo uma melhoria da estabilização do prematuro.

The scant evidence on the use of transfusions in neonatal care explains the limitations of current clinical guidelines. Despite this, in this document we explore the most recent evidence to make recommendations for the clinical practice. The prevention of anaemia of prematurity, the use of protocols and restrictive transfusion strategies constitute the best approach for clinicians in this field. In the case of platelet transfusions, the risk of bleeding must be assessed, combining clinical and laboratory features. Lastly, fresh frozen plasma is recommended in neonates with coagulopathy and active bleeding, with congenital factor deficiencies for which there is no specific treatment or with disseminated intravascular coagulation. All blood products have adverse effects that warrant a personalised and thorough assessment of the need for transfusion. Resumen: La escasa evidencia sobre el uso de las transfusiones en neonatología explica las limitaciones de las guías clínicas actuales. A pesar de ello, en este documento analizamos la evidencia más reciente para hacer unas recomendaciones para la práctica clínica. La prevención de la anemia de la prematuridad, el uso de protocolos y las indicaciones restrictivas de transfusión, componen la mejor estrategia para nuestros clínicos. En las transfusiones de plaquetas, es preciso valorar el riesgo de sangrado, integrando la situación clínica y analítica. Por último, el plasma fresco congelado está recomendado en neonatos con coagulopatía y sangrado activo, en déficits congénitos de factores sin tratamiento específico y en situaciones de coagulación intravascular diseminada. Todos los hemoderivados presentan efectos adversos que deben hacernos evaluar individual y minuciosamente la necesidad de una transfusión.

INTRODUCTION: A premature birth represents a nutritional emergency. An immediately available or standardized parenteral nutrition is an essential tool to offer an adequate nutritional input of macro and micronutrients to this group of patients. In this article we resume and compare the nutritional components of standardized and personalized parenteral nutrition, and we report a clinical case where we successfully used the standardized parenteral nutrition within the first two hours of life. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30.5 gestational weeks premature female entered the neonatal intensive care unit. We initiated standardized parenteral nutrition within the first 2 hours of life through an umbilical venous catheter. She had an adequate nutritional evolution until week 42 of corrected age, where she presented weight localized in 10th percentile according to lntegrowth-21. The present work aims to review the usefulness of standardized parenteral nutrition in premature newborns. Its arrival in Mexico is recent, the case of a patient in which it was used with positive results is reported. CONCLUSIONS: Every neonatal unit should consider a premature birth as a nutritional emergency, where a prompt start of parenteral nutrition is crucial for maintaining an optimal nutrition and growth. Standardized parenteral nutrition is until now the best way for the premature newborn to receive the required nutritional requirement early after birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychological characteristics of development in the first year of premature infants compared to full term infants through a literature review methodology. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE, APAPsycNet, Science Direct and SciELO databases, from 2004 to 2021, with the keyword "neuropsychology" combined with "infant premature" and "premature birth". Only four studies met the inclusion criteria, which were: samples of at least ten premature infants, compared to full-term infants up to one year of age; studies with at least a cognitive or language, motor and socio-emotional testing. The studies found reported the following results: a higher reactivity for anger in the premature, but lower reactivity for fear and play; motor impairment, difference in cognitive development index (considering chronological age), as well as lower scores in audiovisual, cognitive and language performance. In this sense, the studies suggest that preterm infants present distinct impairments when compared to full-term infants. With few longitudinal studies, it is argued that further studies focusing on integral development are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to survey national and international scientific literature on the impact and management of luminosity for premature newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. By searching the Virtual Health Library, 89 articles were selected, 15 of which constituted the final sample. The study showed that although there is a recognition that ambient light interferes with the sleep/rest pattern, negatively impacting the development of preterm infants, measures to minimize the effect of light are not valued or applied in practice. Factors such as physical structure, cost, unit design and re-adaptation of professional conduct are described as barriers to proper light management. On the other hand, the offer of cycled light using covers on the incubators; reduction of the direct light on the baby's eyes and the grouping of care have positive impact on this management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of knowing the care of the nursing team to prevent injury in neonates occurs due to the high risk of these patients developing skin lesions, with high rates of incidence and prevalence. To know the scientific evidence available in the literature on the main measures to prevent skin lesions in premature newborns. Integrative review of national and international literature. The collection was carried out in the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online, Public Medline and the virtual libraries Scientific Electronic Library Online. With descriptors: Skin, Prevention, Premature, Premature newborn. The sample consisted of 8 articles, after analysis of the selection. The knowledge of nursing professionals, who work in the care of preterm infants, about the measures to prevent skin injuries is essential to identify risk factors and promote safe care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate whether taurine (an antioxidant amino acid) is able to protect developing rat skeletal muscle from the cytotoxic effects of postnatal hyperoxia. For this, two groups of newborn Sprague-Dawley strain rats were exposed to hyperoxia together with their mother, from birth until day P6, P9 and P12. The mother of one group drank 3% taurine solution as drinking water and the mother of the other group only drank water. Two similar groups, but without hyperoxia, were used as controls. For biochemical and histological analysis, the gastrocnemius muscle of the hind limbs was utilised. Oxidative stress was evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance analysis technique (TBARS), by spectrophotometric methods, while the plastic embedding technique was applied for histology. The concentration of TBARS in the hyperoxia group was significantly higher than that of the other groups compared. The hyperoxia group also presented structural damage and the most notable were interstitial edema and deformation in the fascicles of muscle fibers. In the hyperoxia-taurine group, TBARS levels decreased and structurally there were no problems of edema and malformations in the muscle. Overall, the results showed that taurine controls oxidative stress and protects skeletal muscle structure during postnatal hyperoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Evaluate the association between perinatal factors and amplitude‐integrated electroencephalogram abnormalities in preterm infants on the first day of life. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study of 60 infants with gestational age between 23 and 32 weeks, without malformations. Infants were continuously monitored by amplitude‐integrated electroencephalogram on the first day of life, for at least 3 h. The tracings were recorded and analyzed in each column for the following: burst‐suppression pattern, sleep‐wake cycle, and amplitude of the lower margin (

Introduction: Extreme prematurity is associated with high mortality rates. The probability of death at different points in time is a priority for professionals and parents, and needs to be established on an individual basis. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review of predictive models of mortality in premature infants that have been published recently. Methods: A double search was performed for article published in PubMed on models predicting mortality in premature neonates. The population studied were premature neonates with a gestational age of ≤30 weeks and/or a weight at birth of ≤1500 g. Works published with new models from June 2010 to July 2019 after a systematic review by Medlock (2011) were included. An assessment was made of the population, characteristics of the model, variables used, measurements of functioning, and validation. Results: Of the 7744 references (1st search) and 1435 (2nd search) found, 31 works were selected, with 8 new models finally being included. Five models (62.5%) were developed in North America and 2 (25%) in Europe. A sequential model (Ambalavanan) enables predictions of mortality to be made at birth, 7, 28 days of life, and 36 weeks post-menstrual. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on 87.5% of the models. The population discrimination was measured using odds ratio (75%) and the area under the curve (50%). “internal validation” had been carried out on 5 models. Three models can be accessed on-line. There are no predictive models validated in Spain. Conclusions: The making of decisions based on predictive models can lead to the care given to the premature infant being more individualised and with a better use of resources. Predictive models of mortality in premature neonates in Spain need to be developed. Resumen: Introducción: La prematuridad extrema se asocia a altas tasas de mortalidad. Para profesionales y familias, es prioritario establecer de forma individualizada las probabilidades de muerte en diferentes momentos. El objetivo de este estudio es efectuar una revisión sistemática de modelos predictivos de mortalidad en prematuros publicados recientemente. Métodos: Doble búsqueda de artículos publicados en PubMed sobre modelos predictivos de muerte en prematuros. Población estudiada: prematuros con edad gestacional ≤30 semanas o peso al nacer ≤1.500 g. Inclusión: trabajos publicados con nuevos modelos desde junio del 2010 hasta julio del 2019, tras revisión sistemática de Medlock (2011). Se valoran: población, características de modelos, variables utilizadas, medidas de funcionamiento y validación. Resultados: De 7.744 referencias (primera búsqueda) y 1.435 (segunda búsqueda), se seleccionaron 31 trabajos, incluyéndose al final 8 nuevos modelos. Cinco modelos (62,5%) se desarrollaron en América del Norte y 2 (25%) en Europa. Un modelo secuencial (Ambalavanan) permite realizar predicciones de muerte al nacer, 7, 28 días de vida y 36 semanas posmenstruales. Análisis de regresión logística múltiple en el 87,5% de modelos. La discriminación poblacional se midió por odds ratio (75%) y área bajo la curva (50%). La «validación» se ha realizado en 5 modelos (interna). Tres modelos disponen de acceso online. No hay modelos predictivos validados en España. Conclusiones: La toma de decisiones basada en modelos predictivos permite una mayor individualización de la atención dada a un niño prematuro y una mejor utilización de recursos. Es necesario desarrollar modelos de predicción de mortalidad en prematuros de España.