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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Existe escaso conocimiento sobre la asociación entre marcadores cardiometabólicos en preescolares con características nutricionales y sociodemográficos familiares. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre marcadores cardiometabólicos de preescolares y sus padres con las características nutricionales y sociodemográficas familiares. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, de asociación y correlación entre variables Padre-Hijo/a de carácter multicéntrico, en el cual participaron 140 sujetos (70 preescolares y su respectivo padre o madre). Las variables fueron estado nutricional, composición corporal, fuerza prensil y presión arterial de padres/madres y sus hijos/as preescolares y variables sociodemográficas de las familias. Resultados: Existió diferencia significativa al 5% respecto de la obesidad de los padres con la de los hijos/as, se presentó correlación positiva (0,397) entre las variables “porcentaje de grasa” padres e hijos/as. En relación al “nivel de escolaridad de la madre” hubo diferencia significativa con el “porcentaje de grasa” de los hijos/as (p

Introduction. Identifying mental health problems in children is essential to preventing psychopathological problems in adolescence or adulthood and ensuring optimal development. It is important to take measures in this regard to support younger children, especially during the pandemic, which may result in emotional and behavioral problems. To this end, it is necessary to identify children's current disorders. Objective. To identify and compare the emotional and behavioral profiles of Mexican preschoolers assessed in 2006 with those assessed in 2021 (during the pandemic), under the hypothesis that those evaluated in 2021 will present with greater depression, anxiety, sleep problems and inattention than those evaluated in 2006. Method. Total sample of 608 preschoolers, including the 2006 subsample consisting of 327 children and the 2021 subsample of 281. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, together with The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000). Results. Significant differences were found between the two groups. Preschoolers evaluated in 2021 (during the pandemic) showed an increase in sleep, attention, and anxiety problems. Moreover, significant changes were observed at the item level, in which the presence of certain indicators increased during the pandemic. These included: overeating, showing little interest in their surroundings, refusing to sleep alone, being nervous or tense, having nightmares, being anxious or scared, being afraid to try new things, problems speaking or pronouncing words, an inability to concentrate or pay attention for a long time, or sit still, and shifting quickly from one activity to another. Discussion and conclusion. Increases in sleep, attention, and anxiety problems were confirmed preschoolers assess in 2021 compare to 2006 group, a group that has barely been studied in terms of mental health effects during the pandemic. It is important to conduct epidemiological studies to evaluate the change in symptomatology in preschoolers and to measure the historical biases of an event such as COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: analizar la percepción de las madres hermosillenses sobre las prácticas de riesgo sanitario en la alimentación de sus hijos, preescolares y escolares. Metodología: estudio transversal realizado entre 2021 y 2022 en el municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, México, el cual incluyó entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de los datos se realizó de manera cualitativa, utilizando el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: las madres perciben que los preescolares tienen mayor vulnerabilidad que los escolares a padecer una infección intestinal. Sin embargo, estos son más enfermizos. Limitaciones: la recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo durante la pandemia de COVID-19, por lo que la interacción con las voluntarias fue virtual. Valor: el estudio aborda los cuidados sobre la salud y la alimentación de los hijos desde una perspectiva materna. Conclusiones: la vigilancia que realizan las madres se acentúa más en los hijos de edad preescolar, con variantes que se relacionan con factores socioculturales, como las creencias, las costumbres familiares, el conocimiento y las experiencias previas.

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study explored the relationships between maternal sensitivity, secure base behavior (SBB), and secure base scripts (SBS) in 34 mother-child dyads from Lima, Peru, assessed at two times during preschool years. The hypothesis was that maternal sensitivity would have a direct relationship with the SBS (representational aspect of attachment), however it has an indirect relationship, through the SBB (behavioral aspect of attachment). The selection of the sample was intentional. At time 1 of the study, children were 45.26 months old on average (SD = 7.132) and in time 2 they were 58.09 (DE = 7.025). The Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-Set (MBPQS) was used to measure maternal sensitivity, the Attachment Q-Set (AQS) to assess SBB, and the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT) to assess SBS. A path analysis was performed. The results indicate that maternal sensitivity, measured at time 1, has a direct relationship with the SBS of the children assesed at time 2, and it has an indirect effect on the SBS through the SBB that was measured at time 1. This study is pioneer in the Peruvian and Latin American context to evaluate these relationships longitudinally and opens a research line to know better the relationship between these attachment theory constructs. However, results are preliminary given the small size of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning potential can be used to assess and provide direction for action in diverse populations in modern educational settings. This study examined the relationship between the EHPAP dynamic evaluation scale and cognitive abilities (linguistic development, specific cognitive abilities, and executive functioning) in typically developing preschool children. Linear regression models indicated that children's cognitive abilities formed part of the prediction of their independent performance in tasks before and after mediation. The abilities that formed part of the predictions were related to general linguistic development, specific cognitive functions, and executive functioning. Age as a predictive factor only contributed to verbal planning. This study examined the contribution of these variables in different EHPAP scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caribeña de Investigación Educativa is the property of RECIE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las sibilancias recurrentes del preescolar son un problema prevalente. 50% de todos los niños tiene al menos un episodio de sibilancias en los primeros 6 años. Sin embargo, solo 4 % de los menores de 4 años tiene diagnóstico de asma. Por este motivo es fundamental realizar una adecuada anamnesis y examen físico tendientes a descartar causas secundarias, lo que debe ser complementado con exámenes de laboratorio de acuerdo con la orientación clínica. En la actualidad se recomienda indicar tratamiento de mantención con corticoides inhalados en aquellos niños que tengan episodios repetidos de obstrucción bronquial y que tengan una alta probabilidad de respuesta favorable a esta terapia. Se ha demostrado que aquellos pacientes que tienen un recuento de eosinófilos en sangre > 300 células por mm3 o aquellos que presentan una prueba cutánea positiva o IgE específicas positivas para alergenos inhalados, responderán adecuadamente al tratamiento con esteroides inhalados.

Las comunidades educativas preescolares de Chile viven cotidianamente una condición de multiculturalidad en la que las prácticas pedagógicas inclusivas cobran gran relevancia. Por lo anterior, es necesario comprender el despliegue de estas prácticas en el jardín infantil y visualizar la percepción que tienen las familias y las educadoras de párvulos del estudio de la educación inclusiva en cuanto a las estrategias y los recursos pedagógicos que utilizan dentro de las aulas. Por otro lado, también es necesario conocer si las familias se sienten parte del jardín infantil y de qué manera están incluidas en la planificación educativa, colaborativa y estratégica que genera el mejoramiento institucional encausado en la inclusión, a partir de la utilización de la metodología cualitativa, donde se les aplica a las participantes entrevistas utilizando el Índice de Inclusión. Estos resultados permiten integrar los hallazgos pedagógicos, con mayor pertinencia, dentro del creciente cruce de identidades migratorias y diversidad cultural, que dan cuenta de que aún hay una falta de comprensión sobre el tema de la inclusión.

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the quality of food and nutrition of preschoolers and schoolchildren through an increase in food insecurity of families, by measures such as confinement and closure of educational establishments, which affects the daily structure, feeding schedules, and quality of food. Objectives: analyze the overall food quality of preschool and school children in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: five hundred and fifty-one schoolchildren (22.5 % boys and 77.5 % girls) from five Chilean cities distributed in northern, central, and southern macro zones participated in a convenience sampling. The Global Food Quality Index was applied. The data were analyzed in the IBM SPSSV24 statistical program. Differences in proportions were analyzed employing crossed tables. Results: schoolchildren from rural areas presented lower eating quality than their urban peers (p = .005). Schoolchildren who eat with the whole family had better indicators of eating quality than those who ate alone (p = .002). In nine out of 12 dietary components, evaluated females present higher compliance with dietary recommendations. Conclusions: further research is needed on changes in dietary intake and dietary quality of children and their families during the pandemic. This will allow us to analyze the impact of the pandemic on eating behavior and its possible consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria is the property of LUA Ediciones 3.0 S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: gross motor development (GMD) is important in preschool children to build confidence, participate in a wide variety of physical activities, and prevent obesity. Objective: to describe the GDM and nutritional status of preschoolers, as well as their knowledge about health-related physical activity. Material and methods: 183 preschoolers were included, of which 95 were girls and 88 boys, with an average age of 4.8 years. They were recruited from two public schools in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index. For the GMD, the test of gross motor development 3 (TGMD-3) was used, and for knowledge about physical activity, images based on the PE Metrics® book were used. Results: 17.5% of preschoolers were overweight or obese. On the other hand, 33.3% showed below-average performance in locomotor skills, 26.3% in object control skills, and 34% in GMD. In terms of knowledge, 85.2% did not recognize physical activities, 67.8% did not identify the components of physical fitness, and 80.9% did not identify the physical activities that they can do outside of school. Conclusions: educational interventions are necessary in preschool children to improve GMD and knowledge about physical activity, which could help promote healthy lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La teoría de la mente (ToM) es la capacidad de reconocer los propios estados mentales y predecir los de otros, habilidad fundamental en el desarrollo socioemocional/cognitivo en preescolares. El presente estudio buscó describir la ToM de niños chilenos de 3 y 4 años, analizar las diferencias en su desarrollo según la edad y el rol mediador del lenguaje mentalizante (lm) materno, considerando el sexo de los niños, los modelos operantes internos (moi) y el nivel educacional materno. La muestra fueron 110 niños con sus madres. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, pruebas para evaluar la ToM, el lm y los moi de las madres. Un 50.9 % de los niños se ubicó en el quintil 1 de la ToM y ninguno logró llegar al quinto. Las habilidades de la ToM con un mayor nivel de logro diferenciaron entre pretender y realidad (60.0 %) y la de diferenciar la perspectiva visual propia y de otro (50.9 %). Un 59.1 % de los niños no logró inferir deseos a través de la mirada, un 83.6 % no logró la habilidad de acceso al conocimiento, y un 100 % no logró la falsa creencia. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre niños de distintos rangos etarios en el desarrollo de la ToM, sugiriendo una creciente dificultad de ad-quisición de sus habilidades. Además, un mayor lm de las madres se relacionó con mayor desarrollo de la ToM en los niños, con un rol mediador en la influencia de los moi y nivel educacional materno sobre la ToM.

La Nutrición influye directamente sobre el desarrollo físico, intelectual y emocional de los niños. El objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer la importancia de incluir de la Nutrición como asignatura en el currículo de la carrera de Educación Inicial. La metodología se enmarca en una investigación de tipo descriptiva de enfoque cuantitativo. Su desarrollo se realiza como una investigación de tipo documental, la búsqueda de la información se fundamenta en recursos científicos y académicos de alto reconocimiento e impacto. Entre los análisis más importantes además de la revisión bibliográfica que sustenta el desarrollo del presente estudio, se realizó el estudio de los currículos de 23 Universidades del Ecuador que tienen la oferta académica de Educación Inicial, encontrándose que solo 9 cuentan con la asignatura de Nutrición, la mayoría de las carreras que tienen la asignatura son de Universidades Estatales. Como conclusión y en base al sustento científico acerca de la importancia de la Nutrición principalmente en los 5 primeros años de vida, debería ser incluida como asignatura en la formación de los profesionales en Educación inicial.

Introducción: Existe poca información sobre la relación entre los problemas externalizantes, las aptitudes intelectuales y el coeficiente intelectual. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre los problemas externalizados, aptitudes intelectuales y el coeficiente intelectual en niños de dos a cinco años de edad. Metodología: Paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, tipo correlacional, corte transaccional y diseño no experimental. Participaron 189 cuidadores, entre 28 y 68 años (M = 45.16), sus hijos tenían edades entre dos y cinco años (M = 4.40). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: una escala de inteligencia y una escala del comportamiento para niños. Resultados y discusión: El comportamiento agresivo se relacionó con la capacidad viso espacial (p = .220) y la velocidad de procesamiento (p = –.242). El comportamiento oposicionista se asoció con la capacidad viso espacial (p = .238), el razonamiento fluido (P = .433), el índice no verbal (P= .320), la capacidad general (p = .248) y el coeficiente intelectual general (p = .263). Los problemas externalizados se relacionaron con la capacidad viso espacial (p = .185) y la velocidad de procesamiento (p = –.225). En la regresión lineal, el comportamiento agresivo (p = .028) y las conductas externalizantes (p = .048) se asociaron a la velocidad de procesamiento. Conclusiones: se pueden generar nuevas perspectivas en el abordaje de niños y niñas de educación inicial con problemas externalizados, desde la integración de estrategias más eficaces que tengan en cuenta problemas asociados con la velocidad del procesamiento de la información.

Prevalencia/extensión/severidad de caries, registrada según ICDAS, en niños de 5 años de Montevideo-Uruguay. Estudio transversal de base poblacional de 614 niños de escuelas públicas/privadas. Se evaluó la asociación entre variables predictoras, prevalencia/extensión de caries mediante regresión de Poisson. Prevalencia 70,9 (95%IC=66,40-75,50) y extensión 10,0(95%IC=8,70-11,30) superficies. La prevalencia mostró diferencias significativas entre categorías de escuelas, SEC, nivel educativo de la madre (NEM) y alimentación, y la extensión entre el tipo de escuelas, SEC, NEM, frecuencia de cepillado y de consumo de refrescos. Niños con SEC bajo/medio (RP=1,55;IC95%=1,15-2,08 y PR=1,50;IC95%=1,12-2,01 respectivamente), NEM primario (RP=1,35;IC95%=1,11-1,65), de escuela pública (RP=1,21;95%IC=1,08-1,36) y que consumían gaseosa diariamente (RP=1,20;95%IC=1,01-1,43) mostraron significancia en el modelo no-ajustado. Preescolares con SEC bajo/medio (RR=1,78;IC95%=1,01-3,11 y RR=1,66;IC95%=0,99-2,79 respectivamente), NEM primario (RR=1,86; IC95%=1,21-2,87); bajo SEC (RR=1.78;IC95%=1.01-3.11) y consumo diario de refrescos (RR=1.79;IC95%=1.20-2.68) tenían mayor probabilidad de caries en el análisis ajustado. La prevalencia/extensión de caries fue alta, asociándose con variables sociodemográficas/comportamentales.

Objetivos. Determinar las condiciones de salud bucal de niños de 0-5 años de edad, que frecuentan una guardería pública en la ciudad de Santa Cruz-Bolivia, incluyendo la prevalencia y la severidad de caries dental, alteraciones gingivales y mal oclusiones presentes. Métodos. Este estudio transversal, fue realizado con niños de 1 a 5 años de edad, inscritos en la guardería “Gabrielito” de la ciudad de Santa Cruz-Bolivia en el mes de junio de 2022. Los niños fueron examinados, en ambiente escolar, por alumnos del último año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Gabriel Rene Moreno. Ellos previamente recibieron un entrenamiento sobre examen odontológico en odontopediatria y sobre la utilización de índices para clasificación de lesiones de carie, lesiones gingivales y mal oclusiones. Resultados. Un total de 56 niños (100%) fueron examinados. 58% del sexo femenino y 42% del masculino, siendo la mayoría (56%) del grupo de 3-4 años. Un total de 5002 superficies dentarias fueron evaluadas (100%) y la presencia de lesiones de caries fue registrada a través del índice ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), mostrando una prevalencia de caries de 6% para lesiones iniciales, 2% moderadas y 3% severas. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de caries en la muestra de niños de la guardería “Gabrielito” no fue tan alta, pero se debe continuar realizando programas de prevención para que aquellos niños que si presentan lesiones de caries sean direccionados a recibir tratamiento odont ológico y evitar la aparición de nuevas lesiones.

Introducción: El consumo incrementado de alimentos de alta densidad energética y la falta de actividad física han provocado un aumento de la obesidad infantil, presentando México una de las tasas más elevadas en América Latina. Objetivo: Identificar los principales alimentos que los padres de familia ofrecen a niños de edad preescolar en México, su frecuencia a la semana y la cantidad de azúcar añadida a la dieta. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se aplicó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENANUT), considerando sexo, edad y escolaridad de los padres, lugar de procedencia, alimentos ofrecidos a los niños incluyendo: leche y productos lácteos, frutas, verduras y alimentos industrializados. Se realizó estadística descriptiva resumida en frecuencias y porcentajes. La asociación de variables (consumo de azúcar y caries) se realizó mediante Chi2 de Pearson considerando p≤0.05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: n=98 encuestas. El 83.7% de los padres que respondieron fueron mujeres. El 37.8% se encontraba en edades entre los 36 y 40 años. La edad promedio de los niños fue de 4.4±0.76 años. El consumo de frutas y verduras se reportó de 5 a 6 veces a la semana, la fruta de consumo más frecuente fue el plátano y de las verduras la zanahoria. La comida rápida, cereales y dulces los consumen de 2 a 4 veces a la semana. Conclusiones: Esta encuesta indicó un aumento en el consumo de aguas frescas con azúcar y de jugos industrializados. Palabras clave: Obesidad, preescolares, azúcares, caries dental, México.

This study aimed to investigate paternal involvement, parenting practices, and working hours of parents of preschool children. A total of 171 fathers residing in southern Brazil participated in this study and answered the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Father Engagement Questionnaire (QEP), Openness to the World Questionnaire (QOM), and Inventory of Parenting Practices (CRPR). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. There was a positive correlation between working hours and authoritarian parenting practices and a negative correlation between working hours and father involvement, emotional support, and direct and indirect care. Comparisons between groups of parents indicated that those who did not have a paid job were more involved with their children than those who worked long hours. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the fathers' workday affects the involvement with the children and the parental practices used, influencing the exercise of fatherhood in the contemporary scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive Functions (EF) in preschoolers have been assessed in different settings such as schools and clinics, as evidence has shown the association between EF and outcomes in socialization, school learning readiness, and behavioral problems. This study sought to survey the EF assessment instruments used with preschoolers in the Brazilian context. A scoping review was carried out based on the PRISMA-ScR protocol recommendations. We searched for empirical studies, published in articles or theses and dissertations, conducted in Brazil context with children aged between 3 and 5 years old, with or without neuropsychiatric diagnose, using instruments to evaluate EF and published between 2009 to october 2021. We have selected 35 studies indexed in the IndexPsi, Scielo, Pepsic, BDTD databases, CAPES Thesis, and Dissertations Catalog IndexPsi Theses. Among the most frequently used instruments are tasks based on the Stroop Paradigm and others adapted from or based on other classic paradigms, such as the Trail Test for Preschoolers. Inhibition, working memory, and flexibility were the most frequent target constructs in the investigations. Only 3 studies had psychometric objectives. Of the 25 instruments identified, 7 are available for professional use, and 5 have normative data for preschoolers. The finding converges to the tendency described in previous reviews of an increase in EF evaluation in childhood. Still, it highlights the need for psychometric investigations of EF neuropsychological measures in preschool populations, given the demand and the currentness of this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To describe sleep-wake patterns in young children, based on sleep characteristics in early infancy and preschool ages, identifying their main sociodemographic characteristics, and to assess the association between different sleep characteristics at both ages. Method: We included 1092 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, evaluated at six months and four years of age, by face-to-face interviews. Sleep patterns were constructed through latent class analysis and structured equation modeling, including data on wake-up time and bedtime, afternoon naps, locale of nighttime sleep and night awakenings. To estimate the association between sociodemographic characteristics and sleep patterns, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression. Results: Two sleep patterns were identified through latent class analysis: pattern 1 was characterized by earlier bedtime and wake-up times, while pattern 2 was defined by later times. When compared with pattern 1, pattern 2 was more frequent among children whose mothers had changed from partnered to not partnered until preschool age and those who did not stay at the kindergarten, and was less common among those with siblings. Through structured equation modeling, an aggregating factor was identified at preschool age, which was mainly correlated with bedtime and wake-up time. A positive association between sleep characteristics evaluated in early infancy and in preschool ages was observed. Conclusions: Sleep patterns and circadian sleep preferences seem to be developed early in life, which highlight the importance of promoting an adequate sleep hygiene from infancy, assuming its impact on sleep quality during the life course. Resumen: Objetivo: Describir los patrones de sueño en niños, a partir de las características del sueño en la primera infancia y preescolar, identificando sus características sociodemográficas, y evaluar la asociación entre las características del sueño en ambas edades. Método: Se incluyeron 1092 niños de la cohorte Generación XXI, evaluados a los 6 meses y los 4 años de edad, mediante entrevistas en persona. Los patrones de sueño se identificaron mediante análisis de clases latentes y modelos de ecuaciones estructuradas, utilizando datos sobre la hora de despertarse y acostarse, las siestas de la tarde, el lugar del sueño nocturno y los despertares nocturnos. Para estimar la asociación entre las características sociodemográficas y los patrones de sueño se calcularon odds ratio con intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante regresión logística. Resultados: Se identificaron dos patrones de sueño: el patrón 1 se caracterizó por acostarse y levantarse más temprano; el patrón 2, por tiempos más tardíos. El patrón 2 fue más frecuente entre los niños con madres que cambiaron de pareja a no pareja y que no permanecieron en el jardín de infancia, y menos común entre aquellos con hermanos. Se identificó un factor agregante en la edad preescolar, correlacionado con la hora de acostarse y despertarse. Se observó una asociación positiva entre las características del sueño evaluadas en la primera infancia y en edades preescolares. Conclusiones: Los patrones del sueño parecen desarrollarse temprano en la vida, lo que destaca la importancia de promover una adecuada higiene del sueño desde la infancia.

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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social communication and interaction. Early markers can predict this disorder about 18 months of age and could be related with communication skills: low rates of interaction and communication acts, eye gaze and reciprocal vocalizations. Thus, a speech and language early intervention could be enhancing the communicative outcomes. This narrative review was conducted by the Prisma method, with the purpose to analyze what are the intervention strategies to enhance nonverbal communication skills in preschool children with High Risk of ASD. Three databases were reviewed (PubMed, Science Direct and ASHAWire) with the following MeSH terms: ASD, early intervention, nonverbal communication, preschool. Early intervention in nonverbal communication skills will be too important in the development of preschool children with ASD. The core strategies were augmentative and alternative communication, visual supports and technologies could improve forms (gestures, eye gaze, pictures and speech - generating devices) and communicative functions (obtain, social, refuse and shares information). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The relationship between executive functions and mathematical skills has been extensively studied. However, there is no consensus regarding the specific contribution of working memory and planning in the development of early mathematical skills. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive capacity of these two executive domains on preschoolers' mathematical skills. Method: A non-experimental ex post facto design was implemented with a sample of 104 Chilean children. The evaluation of their executive functions was performed with the "number inversion" task of the Woodcock-Muñoz IV Battery to assess verbal working memory, the "Clumsy Mole the Clumsy Mole" subtest of the TENI Child Neuropsychological Evaluation Test to assess visuospatial working memory, and the Porteus Maze Test to assess planning. To assess mathematical skills, the Test de Evaluación Matemática Temprana Utretch TEMT-U, Chilean version, was used. Descriptive analyses, correlations and multiple regression models were performed. Results: Verbal working memory followed by visuospatial working memory and planning were the best predictors of children's mathematical skills. Conclusions: These results suggest that these executive functions play a key role in mathematics learning and provide specific information to educators so that they can plan their teaching strategies according to the cognitive demands required by each mathematical skill, which may be a potential way to promote better learning achievements in this important discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: although in Chile 75 % of obese preschool children participate in a primary health intervention, obesity rates have increased. Objective: to determine the risk of children being obese in 5th grade (10 yrs), according to biological and social attributes observed when they attended prekindergarten (PK) at 4 yrs, to determine which preschoolers should be prioritized for targeting. Method: a retrospective cohort study including 55,623 participants. The variables collected when children attended PK were age, sex, weight, height, maternal educational level and employment status, the child´s relationship with persons living at home, person in charge of the child after school, and number of household members, plus weight, height, and age in 5th grade. To determine the risk of being obese in 5th grade we did two logistic regression models-the first one included all PK children and the above variables, while the second model considered additionally the presence of obesity in PK. The rest of the variables were the same. Results: the risk of children being obese in 5th grade (10 yrs) was 1.43 times higher if their mothers had ≤ 8 yrs of schooling, 1.13 times higher if they lived with a grandparent, and slightly higher if their mothers had an occupation (1.04 times). Boys had a significantly higher risk (1.74 times). Obesity at 4 yrs constituted the highest obesity risk later on (5.3 times). Conclusions: targeting obese 4-year-old boys who participate in a primary health intervention, whose mothers have low education and who live with a grandparent, may lower obesity rates in mid-childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación (18133363) is the property of Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Psicologia GEPU is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: intestinal parasitic infections are a public health problem. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children from two months to six years of age attending daycare centers in Mexico City. Material and methods: cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out between November 2019 and February 2020 in a population of 801 children, attending four daycare centers. Coproparasitoscopic studies requested annually were analyzed Results: the prevalence for intestinal parasitosis was 19.1% (153/801), but it was higher in = 3 years old (56/151, 37.1%), and in malnourished children (18/21, 85.7%). The most frequent parasite was Blastocystis hominis (45%), followed by Endolimax nana (20.3%) and Giardia lamblia (10.5%). Conclusion: compared to previous studies, the prevalence of parasitosis in children attending daycare centers was low. Factors, such as age and nutritional status, can modify the prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching of mathematics is a topic of concern in the fields of pedagogy, psychology and neuroscience. Many primary and secondary school students show little interest in studying mathematics, which is accompanied by poor marks, low school success rates and learning disabilities. It is possible to think that these difficulties are general throughout the population and not related only to pathological developmental conditions and disabilities. Within psychology, the cultural-historical approach and activity theory allow us to analyse and characterize the content of educational methods. This study analyses three proposals for teaching mathematics in the third year of preschool education in Mexico according to type of orientation, the concepts taught, the actions the teacher does with the students and the classroom communication. It discusses the need to reconsider the content of educational work in preschool institutions in order to guarantee children's optimal level of preparation for the conceptual learning of mathematics in primary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: explorar la relación entre indicadores antropométricos y niveles de leptina en un grupo de madres y en sus hijos. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en 74 binomios madre-hijo de Cali, Colombia. Se realizó caracterización sociodemográfica, evaluaciones antropométricas y leptina sérica en 56 madres y 26 niños. Se usaron coeficientes de correlación entre los indicadores antropométricos y la leptina. Resultados: las madres presentaron 35,5 % de exceso de peso, elevada grasa corporal en un 80 % y niveles de leptina de 20,5 ng/mL. Los niños tenían 20,7±2,4 meses de edad; 8,2 % de exceso de peso; 4,1 % desnutrición aguda y niveles de leptina de 1,85 ng/mL. En madres e hijos las correlaciones entre indicadores antropométricos fueron significativas y positivas, lo mismo con leptina en las madres, pero en los niños solo correlacionó débilmente con peso/talla e IMC-edad. La leptina en las madres se correlacionó débilmente con indicadores antropométricos de los niños, pero no al contrario. Conclusión: la prevalencia de exceso de peso es alta en las madres y menor en los niños. La leptina en las madres se correlaciona débilmente con indicadores antropométricos de los niños, pero no al contrario.

La espirometría es la prueba de función pulmonar más adecuada para evaluar a preescolares con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas y sibilancias recurrentes. Es útil, accesible y de buen rendimiento. Para una correcta interpretación debe realizarse bajo las condiciones especialmente normadas para este grupo etario. En esta revisión, producto del trabajo realizado durante el año 2018, por la comisión de función pulmonar de la sociedad Chilena de Neumología Pediátrica, se expondrán los aspectos actualizados para la realización e interpretación de la espirometría en preescolares, con énfasis en las diferencias de los criterios clásicamente descritos para niños mayores y adultos.

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Introduction: the daily general activity pattern of preschool aged children is composed of sleep time, sedentary time, and physical activity of mild, moderate, or vigorous intensity. Objective: to determine the compliance with the recommendations for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep according to the days of the week, sex, and age in children aged from 2 to 5 years. Methods: a cross-sectional study in 361 preschool aged boys and girls. The Questionnaire for the Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Children from Preschool to 4th grade (C-MAFYCS) was used, which inquires about three behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS, version 24 program (Simón Bolívar University license). Results: on average, children perform 132.4  95.2 minutes of physical activity and spend 70.4  63.4 minutes per day in sedentary behaviors. The time dedicated to active play and organized sport is greater on Saturdays and Sundays (175.1  140 minutes) (p = 0.0001). The time spent watching television was greater during the weekend (70.7  69.4 minutes). On average, preschoolers sleep 10.2  0.9 hours per day, less during the week (9.3  0.7 minutes). Conclusions: balance between these behaviors is essential for the health of children in this first stage of life. It is essential that parents, caregivers, and the community in general attend to the healthy lifestyles of this population since these are patterns that are learned and acquired to remain in the following stages of the life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la competencia en las habilidades motrices básicas de preescolares gallegos. Se utilizó un diseño ex post-facto descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 80 participantes (68,2 ± 4,0 meses) de tres escuelas públicas gallegas. Las habilidades motrices fueron evaluadas con el Test del Desarrollo Motor Grueso, 2ª edición (TGMD-2). La puntuación alcanzada en el coeficiente motor grueso fue de 93,3 ± 13,1 (percentil 37,3 ± 25,9), en la escala de las habilidades locomotrices de 9,2 ± 2,3 (percentil 41,7 ± 23,5) y en la de las habilidades manipulativas de 8,6 ± 2,5 (percentil 36,1 ± 24,7). En la comparación por género, se encontraron diferencias en batear (masculino: 6,3 ± 2,0; femenino: 4,9 ± 2,2; p = ,004) y botar (masculino: 4,3 ± 1,8; femenino: 2,9 ± 2,3; p = ,003). El análisis cualitativo permitió identificar los criterios de rendimiento más difíciles de dominar por los preescolares de la muestra. En las habilidades locomotrices el peor rendimiento se obtuvo en la flexión de la pierna que no apoya en correr. En las habilidades manipulativas fue en la posición de las manos al agarrar el bate. En conclusión, la competencia en las habilidades motrices básicas de los preescolares debe mejorarse optimizando los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio sobre habilidades mentalistas en niños preescolares argentinos. Su interés reside en la importancia que revisten los logros conceptuales en el desarrollo de la Teoría de la Mente y el método adecuado para medirlos, dada la escasez de estudios sobre el tema en el ámbito local. Con un diseño descriptivo transeccional se examinaron 105 niños (4 a 6 años de edad) con la Escala de Teoría de la Mente de Wellman y Liu (2004), compuesta por 7 tareas diferenciadas, adaptada al español rioplatense. Entre los resultados de este estudio se destaca que, al igual que los hallazgos reportados por los autores de la escala, los porcentajes de respuestas correctas aumentan con la edad cronológica y disminuyen de acuerdo a la complejidad de la tarea. La secuencia y la dificultad creciente de las tareas son consistentes, aunque tal como lo proponen Wellman y Liu es necesario limitar las siete tareas originalmente propuestas a cinco, para ajustarse a los requerimientos de un escalograma. Los porcentajes de respuestas correctas hallados son menores a los encontrados en la investigación original teniendo en cuenta, además, que no se incluyeron niños de 3 años. La escala resulta un instrumento adecuado en la medida que proporciona evidencia empírica de la complejidad de las habilidades involucradas, así como de su progresión, imposibles de ser aprehendidas a través de una tarea única, tal como sucede en las evaluaciones que incluyen solo tareas de falsa creencia.