984 results on '"pre‐registration"'
Search Results
2. Humanization promotes equality over efficiency preference in carbon allocation
- Author
-
Huang, Lingling, Liu, Li, Dang, Jianning, Wei, Cong, Miao, Xiaoyan, and Liu, Zhen
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Understanding the risk factors for student attrition across pre-registration nursing and midwifery programmes in a United Kingdom university: A sequential explanatory mixed methods study
- Author
-
Thompson, Francis, Hodge, Gary, Edge, Danielle, Howes, Sarah, Jamison, Caroline, Fisher, Margaret, and Jones, Aled
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Strategies and interventions used to provide communication education for midwifery students. A scoping review
- Author
-
Rodríguez-Martín, Sara, Greig, Yvonne, Shaw, Ellen, McKellar, Lois, and Kuipers, Yvonne
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Chemical signatures in the preen oil of pied flycatchers: testing reproducibility and exploring ontogeny.
- Author
-
Jeanjean, Laurence, Caspers, Barbara A., Schmoll, Tim, and Gilles, Marc
- Subjects
- *
BODY odor , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *CHEMICAL ecology , *PASSERIFORMES , *FLYCATCHERS - Abstract
Preen oil – the secretion from the uropygial gland of birds – may have diverse functions in avian reproduction: protection against eggshell bacteria, olfactory crypsis against nest predators and olfactory mate choice. To investigate such functions, we should first characterise variation in preen oil composition, but also confirm that previously described patterns are robust. Replication studies are crucial to test the reproducibility of previous findings, but are rarely undertaken in chemical ecology. Here, we conducted an almost exact replication of a previous study on the chemical composition of preen oil in a wild passerine bird, the pied flycatcher
Ficedula hypoleuca . We aimed to estimate the reproducibility of the previous results using larger sample sizes and following a pre‐registered analysis. In addition, we explored the ontogeny of preen oil composition by comparing nestling and adult preen oil. In line with previous findings, preen oil composition was similar between breeding partners and not repeatable within individual females across breeding stages. Female preen oil changed across breeding stages more clearly than in the original study (higher richness, diversity and volatility during incubation than nestling‐rearing), further refuting a role of preen oil in olfactory crypsis in this species. Unlike the original study, we found no difference in chemical profiles between sexes (nestling‐rearing), casting doubt on the proposed role of preen oil as a sex semiochemical in this species. Nestling preen oil differed from adults, was more similar to adult males than to adult females, but was not more similar to parents than to non‐parents. We found family chemical signatures, which, along with the breeding pair signature, suggests an influence of the nest environment on preen oil composition. Our study highlights the importance of replication and provides novel insights into the function and development of preen oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Reproducible brain PET data analysis: easier said than done.
- Author
-
Naseri, Maryam, Ramakrishnapillai, Sreekrishna, and Carmichael, Owen T.
- Subjects
POSITRON emission tomography ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,DATA libraries ,SCIENTIFIC community ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
While a great deal of recent effort has focused on addressing a perceived reproducibility crisis within brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI research communities, this article argues that brain positron emission tomography (PET) research stands on even more fragile ground, lagging behind efforts to address MRI reproducibility. We begin by examining the current landscape of factors that contribute to reproducible neuroimaging data analysis, including scientific standards, analytic plan pre-registration, data and code sharing, containerized workflows, and standardized processing pipelines. We then focus on disparities in the current status of these factors between brain MRI and brain PET. To demonstrate the positive impact that further developing such reproducibility factors would have on brain PET research, we present a case study that illustrates the many challenges faced by one laboratory that attempted to reproduce a community-standard brain PET processing pipeline. We identified key areas in which the brain PET community could enhance reproducibility, including stricter reporting policies among PET dedicated journals, data repositories, containerized analysis tools, and standardized processing pipelines. Other solutions such as mandatory pre-registration, data sharing, code availability as a condition of grant funding, and online forums and standardized reporting templates, are also discussed. Bolstering these reproducibility factors within the brain PET research community has the potential to unlock the full potential of brain PET research, propelling it toward a higher-impact future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. An evaluation of practice supervisor training for final-year healthcare students.
- Author
-
Hind, Martin, Hirdle, Jo, and Jadzinski, Meg
- Subjects
- *
SUPERVISION of employees , *CURRICULUM , *MEDICAL education , *UNDERGRADUATE programs , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *TEACHING methods , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Practice supervisors are fundamental in the development and upskilling of the future workforce in health care. This article outlines a new initiative for one higher education institution, which integrated practice supervisor training into the curriculum for third-year students across several healthcare programmes. The training consisted of two pre-recorded sessions, which were delivered by the students' personal tutors. A final face-to-face session was then facilitated, where students were supported to consolidate their learning and build on their knowledge. Evaluation data were collected via an anonymous questionnaire. In total, 352 questionnaires were returned. Data were managed and analysed using descriptive statistics within Excel. The qualitative comments received were collated and analysed using simple thematic framework analysis. Most attendees found the content and the delivery of the programme and their opportunity for discussions to be good, very good or excellent, showing overall that content was positively evaluated by 98.4% of attendees, delivery at 97.4% and opportunity for discussion at 97.9%. The evaluation data results show that practice supervisor preparation can be effectively delivered when located in the final year for undergraduate healthcare students. The importance of the content being interactive and allowing for plenty of opportunities for group discussions has been highlighted by the feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Publishing Registered Reports in Management and Applied Psychology: Common Beliefs and Best Practices.
- Author
-
Briker, Roman and Gerpott, Fabiola H.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL psychology ,APPLIED psychology ,OPEN scholarship ,FACT checking ,TRUST - Abstract
Management and applied psychology scholars are confronted with a crisis undermining trust in their findings. One solution to this crisis is the publication format Registered Reports (RRs). Here, authors submit the frontend of their paper for peer review before data collection. While this format can help increase the trustworthiness of research, authors' usage of RRs—although emerging—has been scarce and scattered. Eventually, common beliefs regarding the (dis)advantages of RRs and a lack of best practices can limit the broad implementation of this approach. To address these issues, we utilized a systematic review process to identify 50 RRs in management and applied psychology and surveyed authors with (N = 86) and without experience (N = 161) in publishing RRs and reviewers/editors who have handled RRs (N = 59). On this basis, we (a) scrutinize prevalent beliefs surrounding the RR format in the fields of management and applied psychology and (b) derive hands-on best practices. In sum, we provide a fact check and guidelines for authors interested in writing RRs, which can also be used by reviewers to evaluate such submissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Open science practices in the false memory literature.
- Author
-
Wiechert, Sera, Leistra, Phaedra, Ben-Shakhar, Gershon, Pertzov, Yoni, and Verschuere, Bruno
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHIATRY , *FALSE memory syndrome , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *ACCESS to information , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems - Abstract
In response to the replication crisis in psychology, the scientific community has advocated open science practices to promote transparency and reproducibility. Although existing reviews indicate inconsistent and generally low adoption of open science in psychology, a current-day, detailed analysis is lacking. Recognising the significant impact of false memory research in legal contexts, we conducted a preregistered systematic review to assess the integration of open science practices within this field, analysing 388 publications from 2015 to 2023 (including 15 replications and 3 meta-analyses). Our findings indicated a significant yet varied adoption of open science practices. Most studies (86.86%) adhered to at least one measure, with publication accessibility being the most consistently adopted practice at 73.97%. While data sharing demonstrated the most substantial growth, reaching about 75% by 2023, preregistration and analysis script sharing lagged, with 20–25% adoption in 2023. This review highlights a promising trend towards enhanced research quality, transparency, and reproducibility in false memory research. However, the inconsistent implementation of open science practices may still challenge the verification, replication, and interpretation of research findings. Our study underscores the need for a comprehensive adoption of open science to improve research reliability and validity substantially, fostering trust and credibility in psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Why do Experiments Fail? Six Practical Suggestions for Successful Online Experiments.
- Author
-
Kim, Jungkeun
- Subjects
- *
TRAVEL literature , *PROBABILITY theory , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Experiments are frequently used in the travel and hospitality literature to provide stronger evidence of causal relationships between various constructs. Recently, despite the use of online platforms for experimental studies, such studies have often failed to find significant results, as expected. To increase the probability of obtaining significant results for experiments using online panels, this paper suggests six practical recommendations across three categories: (i) handling less homogenous online participants; (ii) understanding and managing different motivations and abilities in online participants; and (iii) using effective and transparent experimental designs and procedures. This paper provides the results of three empirical investigations to support these recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Open Science in eating disorders: Using current evidence to inspire a plan for increasing the transparency of our research
- Author
-
Gorrell, Sasha, Cohen, Shira, Schaumberg, Katherine, Anderson, Lisa Marie, and Reilly, Erin E
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Mental Health ,Mental Illness ,Brain Disorders ,Eating Disorders ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Humans ,Publishing ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,Canada ,eating disorders ,equity ,gender ,open science ,pre-prints ,pre-registration ,projects ,reproducibility ,rigor ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Clinical Psychology ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Public health - Abstract
ObjectiveThere is increasing consensus that open science practices improve the transparency and quality of clinical science. However, several barriers impede the implementation of these practices at the individual, institutional, and field levels; understanding and addressing these barriers is critical to promoting targeted efforts in increasing effective uptake of open science.MethodsWithin this research forum, we drew from publicly available online information sources to identify initial characterizations of researchers engaged in several types of open science practices in the field of eating disorders. We use these observations to discuss potential barriers and recommendations for next steps in the promotion of these practices.ResultsData from online open science repositories suggest that individuals using these publishing approaches with pre-prints and articles with eating-disorder-relevant content are predominantly non-male gender identifying, early to mid-career stage, and are more likely to be European-, United States-, or Canada-based.DiscussionWe outline recommendations for tangible ways that the eating disorder field can support broad, increased uptake of open science practices, including supporting initiatives to increase knowledge and correct misconceptions; and prioritizing the development and accessibility of open science resources.Public significance statementThe use of open science practices has the potential to increase the transparency and quality of clinical science. This Forum uses publicly sourced online data to characterize researchers engaged in open science practices in the field of eating disorders. These observations provide an important framework from which to discuss potential barriers to open science and recommendations for next steps in the promotion of these practices.
- Published
- 2023
12. Transcriptomic changes in the posterior pallium of male zebra finches associated with social niche conformance
- Author
-
Sepand Riyahi, Navina D. Liebermann-Lilie, Arne Jacobs, Peter Korsten, Uwe Mayer, and Tim Schmoll
- Subjects
Aggression ,Courtship ,Male-male competition ,Open Science Framework ,Pre-registration ,RNA-Seq ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Animals plastically adjust their physiological and behavioural phenotypes to conform to their social environment—social niche conformance. The degree of sexual competition is a critical part of the social environment to which animals adjust their phenotypes, but the underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. We conducted a study to investigate how differences in sperm competition risk affect the gene expression profiles of the testes and two brain areas (posterior pallium and optic tectum) in breeding male zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis). In this pre-registered study, we investigated a large sample of 59 individual transcriptomes. We compared two experimental groups: males held in single breeding pairs (low sexual competition) versus those held in two pairs (elevated sexual competition) per breeding cage. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we observed significant effects of the social treatment in all three tissues. However, only the treatment effects found in the pallium were confirmed by an additional randomisation test for statistical robustness. Likewise, the differential gene expression analysis revealed treatment effects only in the posterior pallium (ten genes) and optic tectum (six genes). No treatment effects were found in the testis at the single gene level. Thus, our experiments do not provide strong evidence for transcriptomic adjustment specific to manipulated sperm competition risk. However, we did observe transcriptomic adjustments to the manipulated social environment in the posterior pallium. These effects were polygenic rather than based on few individual genes with strong effects. Our findings are discussed in relation to an accompanying paper using the same animals, which reports behavioural results consistent with the results presented here.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Digital education about delirium for health care professional students: a mixed methods systematic review
- Author
-
Dympna Tuohy, Pauline Boland, Patrick Stark, Lana Cook, Tara Anderson, Heather E. Barry, Matt Birch, Christine Brown-Wilson, Emma Cunningham, James McMahon, Margaret Graham, Geoffrey M. Curran, Gary Mitchell, Jill Murphy, Audrey Tierney, and Alice Coffey
- Subjects
Delirium ,Digital education ,Health care professionals ,Pre-registration ,Students ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Competence in delirium care begins with pre-registration education for health care professionals. Although a common complication for hospitalised patients, delirium is avoidable and reversible. Delirium requires early recognition in person-centred care. Students need to learn how to identify and effectively care for ‘at risk’ patients. Aim To identify and examine literature on how pre-registration health care professional students are prepared to recognise, assess, and deliver interventions to prevent delirium in practice, using digital/web based educational interventions. Method Mixed methods systematic review with narrative synthesis. A protocol was registered with PROSPERO. The review questions and search strategy were guided by the Population, Phenomena of Interest, Context (PICo) framework. The PRISMA framework guided the screening, data extraction and analysis. Database searches (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO & Scopus) were undertaken in April 2023 for publications from 2012 to 2023. Covidence software [30] was used to extract and manage the data. Quality appraisal was guided by the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) [31]. Findings Ten papers were included: mixed methods (2), qualitative (1) and quantitative (7). Medical students were the most studied group (n = 5), followed by student nurses (n = 4) and mixed nursing and medical students (n = 1). Length of learning experience varied from 12 min virtual reality (VR) to a two-week ‘geriatrics’ elective. Learning was enhanced by player autonomy, engagement, safety, applicability, choices, multiple perspectives and moral reasoning opportunities. Discussion Digital programmes should be visually appealing, interactive with opportunities for practice and timely appropriate feedback.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Digital education about delirium for health care professional students: a mixed methods systematic review.
- Author
-
Tuohy, Dympna, Boland, Pauline, Stark, Patrick, Cook, Lana, Anderson, Tara, Barry, Heather E., Birch, Matt, Brown-Wilson, Christine, Cunningham, Emma, McMahon, James, Graham, Margaret, Curran, Geoffrey M., Mitchell, Gary, Murphy, Jill, Tierney, Audrey, and Coffey, Alice
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,DELIRIUM ,MEDICAL students ,NURSING students ,INTERPROFESSIONAL education ,CINAHL database ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases - Abstract
Background: Competence in delirium care begins with pre-registration education for health care professionals. Although a common complication for hospitalised patients, delirium is avoidable and reversible. Delirium requires early recognition in person-centred care. Students need to learn how to identify and effectively care for 'at risk' patients. Aim: To identify and examine literature on how pre-registration health care professional students are prepared to recognise, assess, and deliver interventions to prevent delirium in practice, using digital/web based educational interventions. Method: Mixed methods systematic review with narrative synthesis. A protocol was registered with PROSPERO. The review questions and search strategy were guided by the Population, Phenomena of Interest, Context (PICo) framework. The PRISMA framework guided the screening, data extraction and analysis. Database searches (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO & Scopus) were undertaken in April 2023 for publications from 2012 to 2023. Covidence software [30] was used to extract and manage the data. Quality appraisal was guided by the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) [31]. Findings: Ten papers were included: mixed methods (2), qualitative (1) and quantitative (7). Medical students were the most studied group (n = 5), followed by student nurses (n = 4) and mixed nursing and medical students (n = 1). Length of learning experience varied from 12 min virtual reality (VR) to a two-week 'geriatrics' elective. Learning was enhanced by player autonomy, engagement, safety, applicability, choices, multiple perspectives and moral reasoning opportunities. Discussion: Digital programmes should be visually appealing, interactive with opportunities for practice and timely appropriate feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Health professional students' emotional responses to effective and ineffective teamwork.
- Author
-
McKinlay, E., Gladman, T., Burrow, M., and Pullon, S.
- Subjects
INTERPROFESSIONAL collaboration ,THEMATIC analysis ,STUDENT surveys ,CONTENT analysis ,EMOTIONS ,INTERPROFESSIONAL education - Abstract
Introduction: Pre-registration students learn interprofessional competencies for effective teamwork through interprofessional education (IPE), yet they do not always see effective teamwork in the clinical workplace or experience it in IPE learning activities. In this study, we explored: (1) what students recall of experiences of interprofessional teamwork interactions in workplace settings or in IPE learning activities and (2) what and how they describe the emotion attached to these experiences. Methods: A pre- and post-test survey design was used, which included qualitative questions administered before and after a clinical workplace-based cancer and lifelimiting illness IPE activity for two cohorts of students. We surveyed students about teamwork experiences in both workplace and IPE learning activities and how they felt about them emotionally. A content and thematic analysis was undertaken, the latter using a process adapted from Attride-Stirling (2001). Results: For the before-IPE responses, 31 out of 50 students in the two cohorts responded (62%), and for the after-IPE responses, 29 out of 50 in the two cohorts responded (58%). There were two global themes: (1) students readily recognise both effective and ineffective teamwork and (2) ineffective teamwork experiences can evoke strong emotional responses. Conclusion: Students' emotional responses from being involved in or observing effective and ineffective teamwork may influence their future engagement in interprofessional teamwork and IPE activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Research on blade statistics measurement registration planning technology.
- Author
-
Zhang, Yun, Xu, Zhiyong, Liu, Jingqing, Chen, Zhitong, and Zhu, Zhengqing
- Abstract
Blade has the characteristics of high machining quality of complex curved surface. If there is no benchmark before machining, it is impossible to judge whether the blades before machining are qualified. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the blade measurement data. Due to the large measurement point error and disordered distribution, it is necessary to optimize the blade registration. Therefore, blade model registration and positioning is particularly important in blade shape detection and analysis. First, preregistration is carried out based on the six point optimization selection of the blade. After preregistration, the selection method of registration control point set based on theoretical model and statistical error is proposed, planning the registration datum point set on the blade model. The registration control point set is obtained through the registration operation between the measurement data and the registration reference point set. Finally, based on the stability and reliability of important sampling sensitivity and statistical error, obtain the probability density function of error normal distribution statistics samples and important samples. The selection of statistical control points and the rationality of the objective function were verified. The stability/reliability of the statistical alignment point selection is proved to be feasible. The statistical registration deviation is [0.015,0.026] mm, and the ICP registration deviation is [0.031,0.035] mm. The average deviation of statistics registration is about 0.013 mm smaller than the average deviation of ICP registration. The deviation of statistical sampling points is about 0.0214 mm, and that of traditional sampling points is about 0.0275 mm. The deviation of statistical sampling points is about 0.0061 mm smaller than that of traditional sampling points. It meets the requirements of rapid, high efficiency and high precision measurement for aeroengine blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Reproducible brain PET data analysis: easier said than done
- Author
-
Maryam Naseri, Sreekrishna Ramakrishnapillai, and Owen T. Carmichael
- Subjects
reproducible science ,reproducibility crisis ,brain PET ,positron emission tomography ,scientific workflows ,pre-registration ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
While a great deal of recent effort has focused on addressing a perceived reproducibility crisis within brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI research communities, this article argues that brain positron emission tomography (PET) research stands on even more fragile ground, lagging behind efforts to address MRI reproducibility. We begin by examining the current landscape of factors that contribute to reproducible neuroimaging data analysis, including scientific standards, analytic plan pre-registration, data and code sharing, containerized workflows, and standardized processing pipelines. We then focus on disparities in the current status of these factors between brain MRI and brain PET. To demonstrate the positive impact that further developing such reproducibility factors would have on brain PET research, we present a case study that illustrates the many challenges faced by one laboratory that attempted to reproduce a community-standard brain PET processing pipeline. We identified key areas in which the brain PET community could enhance reproducibility, including stricter reporting policies among PET dedicated journals, data repositories, containerized analysis tools, and standardized processing pipelines. Other solutions such as mandatory pre-registration, data sharing, code availability as a condition of grant funding, and online forums and standardized reporting templates, are also discussed. Bolstering these reproducibility factors within the brain PET research community has the potential to unlock the full potential of brain PET research, propelling it toward a higher-impact future.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Developing an open science ‘mindset’
- Author
-
Hagger, Martin S
- Subjects
Psychology ,Clinical and Health Psychology ,Applied and Developmental Psychology ,Open science ,research transparency ,data sharing ,pre-registration ,replication crisis ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Applied and developmental psychology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
BackgroundIdentification of widespread biases present in reported research findings in many scientific disciplines, including psychology, such as failures to replicate and the likely extensive application of questionable research practices, has raised serious concerns over the reliability and trustworthiness of scientific research. This has led to the development of, and advocacy for, 'open science' practices, including data, materials, analysis, and output sharing, pre-registration of study predictions and analysis plans, and increased access to published research findings. Implementation of such practices has been enthusiastic in some quarters, but literacy in, and adoption of, these practices has lagged behind among many researchers in the scientific community.AdvancesIn the current article I propose that researchers adopt an open science 'mindset', a comprehensive approach to open science predicated on researchers' operating under the basic assumption that, wherever possible, open science practices will be a central component of all steps of their research projects. The primary, defining feature of the mindset is a commitment to open science principles in all research projects from inception to dissemination. Other features of the mindset include the assumption that all components of research projects (e.g. pre-registered hypotheses, protocols, materials, analysis plans, data, and output) will be accessible broadly; pro-active selection of open fora to disseminate research components and findings; open and transparent dissemination of reports of the research findings in advance of, and after, formal publication; and active promotion of open science practices through education, modeling, and advocacy.ConclusionThe open science mindset is a 'farm to fork' approach to open science aimed at promoting comprehensive quality in application of open science, and widening participation in open science practices so that they become the norm in research in health psychology and behavioral medicine going forward.
- Published
- 2022
19. Four principles for improved statistical ecology
- Author
-
Gordana Popovic, Tanya Jane Mason, Szymon Marian Drobniak, Tiago André Marques, Joanne Potts, Rocío Joo, Res Altwegg, Carolyn Claire Isabelle Burns, Michael Andrew McCarthy, Alison Johnston, Shinichi Nakagawa, Louise McMillan, Kadambari Devarajan, Patrick Leo Taggart, Alison Wunderlich, Magdalena M. Mair, Juan Andrés Martínez‐Lanfranco, Malgorzata Lagisz, and Patrice Pottier
- Subjects
HARKing ,model assumptions ,p‐hacking ,pre‐registration ,p‐values ,questionable research practices ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Increasing attention has been drawn to the misuse of statistical methods over recent years, with particular concern about the prevalence of practices such as poor experimental design, cherry picking and inadequate reporting. These failures are largely unintentional and no more common in ecology than in other scientific disciplines, with many of them easily remedied given the right guidance. Originating from a discussion at the 2020 International Statistical Ecology Conference, we show how ecologists can build their research following four guiding principles for impactful statistical research practices: (1) define a focussed research question, then plan sampling and analysis to answer it; (2) develop a model that accounts for the distribution and dependence of your data; (3) emphasise effect sizes to replace statistical significance with ecological relevance; and (4) report your methods and findings in sufficient detail so that your research is valid and reproducible. These principles provide a framework for experimental design and reporting that guards against unsound practices. Starting with a well‐defined research question allows researchers to create an efficient study to answer it, and guards against poor research practices that lead to poor estimation of the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty of ecological relationships, and to poor replicability. Correct and appropriate statistical models give sound conclusions. Good reporting practices and a focus on ecological relevance make results impactful and replicable. Illustrated with two examples—an experiment to study the impact of disturbance on upland wetlands, and an observational study on blue tit colouring—this paper explains the rationale for the selection and use of effective statistical practices and provides practical guidance for ecologists seeking to improve their use of statistical methods.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Open science practices in criminology and criminal justice journals
- Author
-
Greenspan, Rachel Leigh, Baggett, Logan, and B. Boutwell, Brian
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Navigating PROSPERO4animals: 10 top tips for efficient pre-registration of your animal systematic review protocol
- Author
-
Bannach-Brown, Alexandra, Rackoll, Torsten, Kaynak, Nurcennet, Drude, Natascha, Aquarius, René, Vojvodić, Sofija, Abreu, Mariana, Menon, Julia M. L., and Wever, Kimberley E.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Efficiency or equality? The utilitarianism–egalitarianism trade‐off determines carbon allocation preference.
- Author
-
Huang, Lingling, Liu, Li, Dang, Jianning, Wei, Cong, and Miao, Xiaoyan
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICAL correlation , *STATISTICAL power analysis , *RESOURCE allocation , *SOCIAL justice , *RESEARCH funding , *CLIMATE change , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ETHICAL decision making , *ETHICS , *SURVEYS , *RESEARCH , *CARBON dioxide , *PUBLIC welfare , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
International carbon allocation confronts the conflict between efficiency and equality. Previous research based on the intergroup bias perspective has attributed carbon allocation preference to the defence of ingroup interests (i.e., national interests) while overlooking the critical role of trade‐offs between competing moral values. Integrating the contingency theory of justice and moral philosophical theories of utilitarianism and egalitarianism, we proposed that the moral‐values trade‐off between utilitarianism and egalitarianism determines carbon allocation preference through justice reasoning. Analysis of large‐scale survey datasets (Study 1) revealed that aggregated national endorsement of utilitarianism over egalitarianism predicted greater efficiency preference in total and per capita carbon emission levels. Study 2 demonstrated that experimentally manipulating endorsement of utilitarianism versus egalitarianism boosted efficiency (vs. equality) preference in carbon allocation, and justice reasoning characterized by enhanced efficiency‐focused justice and diminished equality‐focused justice accounted for these effects. Using a 'manipulation‐of‐mediator' design, Study 3 further confirmed the causal link in the mediation model. By highlighting the significance of moral trade‐offs in shaping carbon allocation preference, this research not only provides a novel moral perspective in understanding debates on international carbon allocation but also has important implications for fostering international carbon abatement cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Unveiling knowledge of anaphylaxis among nursing students.
- Author
-
Nguyen, Han TN, Garvey, Loretta, Ngo, Dung T, Duong, Trang TT, Lu, Dien T, Nguyen, Duy TH, Le, Hang TT, Le, Chi TK, Nguyen, Truc TT, and Hamadeh, Samira
- Abstract
• Nursing students are expected to assist in managing anaphylaxis on clinical placement. • Nursing students anaphylaxis treatment knowledge is relatively low. • Experiential learning via simulation is recommended to enhance anaphylaxis knowledge. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition. Evidence appertaining to anaphylaxis knowledge amongst Vietnamese nursing students is limited which questions their preparedness to respond to clinical deterioration. To examine anaphylaxis knowledge amongst Vietnamese nursing students. A cross-sectional survey design of third and fourth-year nursing students. A total of 140 nursing students participated. Eighty-nine (63.6%) students possessed good, generalized knowledge however, only 67 (47.9%) had good knowledge of anaphylaxis treatment. More than half (n=86, 61,4%) identified epinephrine as the first line treatment, but 55.7% (n=78) and 52.1% (n=73) of students incorrectly answered anaphylaxis treatment procedures and epinephrine dose for children, respectively. Knowledge of anaphylaxis varied between third- and fourth-year students. Despite showcasing a general good level of knowledge, some knowledge aspects require improvement. Recommendations include enhancing experiential learning opportunities to support student knowledge and reasoning to ensure effective translation of learning to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Improving Reactions to Forced-Choice Personality Measures in Simulated Job Application Contexts Through the Satisfaction of Psychological Needs.
- Author
-
Borman, Tristan C., Dunlop, Patrick D., Gagné, Marylène, and Neale, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
JOB applications , *SATISFACTION , *PERSONALITY assessment , *PERSONALITY questionnaires , *PERSONALITY , *SIMULATED patients - Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence justifying the use of personality assessments for selection. Nonetheless, some reluctance to use these assessments stems from their perceived vulnerability to response distortion (i.e., faking) and the somewhat negative applicant reactions they elicit, when compared to other assessments. Adopting a forced-choice personality assessment format appears to alleviate the former problem but exacerbates the latter. In this study, we introduce basic psychological needs as a theoretical foundation to develop interventions to improve reactions to forced-choice personality assessments. We propose that the forced-choice format impedes respondents' desire to respond to items in a preferred way, interfering with autonomy need satisfaction, and constrains respondents' opportunity to show their capabilities, interfering with competence need satisfaction. In this pre-registered between-subjects experiment (N = 1565), we investigated two modifications to a ranked forced-choice personality questionnaire and compared these to traditional forced-choice and single-stimulus (Likert) formatted questionnaires. One modification, where participants could write a free-text response following the assessment, did not show significant effects on reactions. The second modification allowed participants to view all items they had ranked last (first) and then identify any the participant believed in fact described them well (poorly). That modification positively affected perceived autonomy- and competence-support, and fairness perceptions, bridging approximately half of the gap between reactions to forced-choice and single-stimulus assessment formats. This study suggests that a modification to forced-choice personality questionnaires may improve applicant reactions and that basic psychological needs theory may be a fruitful lens through which to further understand reactions to assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Development of Cloud-Based Support Tools for Effective Evacuation Focusing on Time-Phase from Pre-Registration to Post-Incident Response to Improve Literacy for Disaster Resilience.
- Author
-
Inoguchi, Munenari
- Subjects
DISASTER resilience ,EMERGENCY management ,DIGITAL transformation ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,HISTORICAL literacy ,DIGITAL technology ,DISASTERS - Abstract
In recent years, disasters have become more frequent and more severe in Japan. To ensure their safety, it is essential to ensure that all impacted individuals evacuate. Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, the formulation of district evacuation plans and the My-Timeline have been promoted, and their importance has been recognized. In addition, information and communication technology (ICT) has rapidly developed in recent years and is being integrated into the field of disaster management. In this context, digital transformation (DX) has become essential. Given the need to enhance disaster preparedness, via DX, this study designs and develops a digital support tool using ICT to support the formulation of evacuation plans and enhance capacity building for disaster prevention among individual users. In particular, it develops functions that allow users to easily formulate a plan based on their pre-registration information and familiarize them with hazard risks. It also helps them envision the potential damage they will incur and learn the impact of their personal attribute information on their choice of evacuation action when formulating an evacuation plan. These functions were implemented as a cloud service and evaluated by users. The evaluation confirmed that the tool contributed to raising users' awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Four principles for improved statistical ecology.
- Author
-
Popovic, Gordana, Mason, Tanya Jane, Drobniak, Szymon Marian, Marques, Tiago André, Potts, Joanne, Joo, Rocío, Altwegg, Res, Burns, Carolyn Claire Isabelle, McCarthy, Michael Andrew, Johnston, Alison, Nakagawa, Shinichi, McMillan, Louise, Devarajan, Kadambari, Taggart, Patrick Leo, Wunderlich, Alison, Mair, Magdalena M., Martínez‐Lanfranco, Juan Andrés, Lagisz, Malgorzata, and Pottier, Patrice
- Subjects
RESEARCH questions ,BLUE tit ,WETLANDS ,RESEARCH personnel ,STATISTICAL models ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Learning through failures
- Author
-
Lena Hipp and Sebastian Wenz
- Subjects
survey experiments ,factorial surveys ,vignette studies ,Conjoint Analysis ,null-findings ,pre-registration ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Survey Research Methods plans to publish a special issue with research papers and essays about learning through failures. This is the corresponding call for papers for this special issue.
- Published
- 2024
28. Exploring open science practices in behavioural public policy research
- Author
-
Maximilian Maier, František Bartoš, Nichola Raihani, David R. Shanks, T. D. Stanley, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, and Adam J. L. Harris
- Subjects
nudging ,open science ,pre-registration ,public policy ,selective reporting ,Science - Abstract
In their book ‘Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness’, Thaler & Sunstein (2009) argue that choice architectures are promising public policy interventions. This research programme motivated the creation of ‘nudge units’, government agencies which aim to apply insights from behavioural science to improve public policy. We closely examine a meta-analysis of the evidence gathered by two of the largest and most influential nudge units (DellaVigna & Linos (2022 Econometrica 90, 81–116 (doi:10.3982/ECTA18709))) and use statistical techniques to detect reporting biases. Our analysis shows evidence suggestive of selective reporting. We additionally evaluate the public pre-analysis plans from one of the two nudge units (Office of Evaluation Sciences). We identify several instances of excellent practice; however, we also find that the analysis plans and reporting often lack sufficient detail to evaluate (unintentional) reporting biases. We highlight several improvements that would enhance the effectiveness of the pre-analysis plans and reports as a means to combat reporting biases. Our findings and suggestions can further improve the evidence base for policy decisions.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Dementia: A call for a paradigm shift in pre-registration nurse education.
- Author
-
Tuffour, Isaac and Ganga, Griffin
- Abstract
Dementia is a progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking and behaviour. It is a major global public health concern, with an estimated 55 million people worldwide living with the condition. In the UK, there is an estimated 944,000 people with dementia. This number is expected to double by 2050. Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency, and it places a significant burden on families and carers. The current level of dementia education in preregistration nursing programmes in the UK is inadequate. There are no pre-registration nursing educational programmes that offer dementia as a speciality. This is a major concern, as nurses are the primary providers of care to people with dementia. This article argues that dementia should be established as a branch of pre-registration nursing education that leads to a Registered Nurse (RN) - Dementia. This could help to address the shortage of specialist dementia nurses in the country. This article provides an important suggestion for countries with a shortage of specialist dementia nurses to consider establishing a stand-alone pre-registration branch of dementia nurse education. This would result in a more specialised workforce with the skills and knowledge to provide high-quality care to people with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Adapting open science and pre‐registration to longitudinal research.
- Author
-
Petersen, Isaac T., Apfelbaum, Keith S., and McMurray, Bob
- Subjects
- *
PROFESSIONAL practice , *HONESTY , *MEDICAL protocols , *COMMUNICATION , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *SCIENCE , *LONGITUDINAL method , *RECORDING & registration - Abstract
Open science practices, such as pre‐registration and data sharing, increase transparency and may improve the replicability of developmental science. However, developmental science has lagged behind other fields in implementing open science practices. This lag may arise from unique challenges and considerations of longitudinal research. In this paper, preliminary guidelines are provided for adapting open science practices to longitudinal research to facilitate researchers' use of these practices. The guidelines propose a serial and modular approach to registration that includes an initial pre‐registration of the methods and focal hypotheses of the longitudinal study, along with subsequent pre‐ or co‐registered questions, hypotheses, and analysis plans associated with specific papers. Researchers are encouraged to share their research materials and relevant data with associated papers and to report sufficient information for replicability. In addition, there should be careful consideration of requirements regarding the timing of data sharing, to avoid disincentivizing longitudinal research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Dishonest collaboration in an intergroup context.
- Author
-
van Lent, Tjits, Verwijmeren, Thijs, and Bijlstra, Gijsbert
- Subjects
- *
COOPERATIVENESS , *PARADIGMS (Social sciences) , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *DECEPTION , *GROUP dynamics - Abstract
Collaborations may sometimes increase the likelihood of engaging in dishonest behaviour. As yet, it remains unknown what factors contribute to this phenomenon. Here, we investigate whether it matters with whom people are collaborating for the extent to which they are dishonest. We aim to (I) replicate dishonest collaboration effects and (II) examine whether collaborating with an ingroup member (vs. outgroup member) amplifies dishonesty. In three pre‐registered studies (N = 782), we used the sequential dyadic die‐rolling paradigm in both student (Study 1: Lab context) and community samples (Studies 2–3: Field context). In this paradigm, two players form a dyad (either with an ingroup or an outgroup member) and earn winnings depending on both their own and the other's dice roll. Crucially, dice rolls are private, and players can inflate their winnings by misreporting their dice roll. Collectively, our studies replicate the dishonest collaboration effect, showing the robustness of collaborative dishonesty over samples and contexts. However, our studies suggest that dishonesty is similar when collaborating with an ingroup versus an outgroup member. Alternative processes are discussed that may play a role in collaborative dishonesty resulting in the absence of an intergroup effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. 日本語版陰謀論的心性質問票の開発と妥当性の検討.
- Author
-
眞嶋良全
- Abstract
In assessing the endorsement of conspiracy theories, researchers often employ a general approach by measuring adherence to abstract statements rather than specific, concrete conspiracies. One commonly used measure is the Conspiratorial Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ, Bruder et al., 2013). The present study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the CMQ (CMQ-J) and examine its factor structure, construct validity, and test-retest reliability. The results of this study revealed that the CMQ-J demonstrated high internal consistency and temporal stability. It also exhibited positive correlations with existing measures of conspiracy theory, as well as authoritarianism and paranoia, while showing a negative correlation with trust in institutions. These fidings indicate that the CMQ-J is a reliable and valuable tool for assessing general inclinations towards conspiracy theories. However, the factor structure of the scale differed from the original version, suggesting a need for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Implementing an interprofessional palliative care education program to speech-language therapy and dietetic students.
- Author
-
Miles, Anna, Brady, Alana, Friary, Philippa, Sekula, Julia, Wallis, Clare, and Jackson, Bianca
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL role , *GRIEF , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *COURSE evaluation (Education) , *CONFIDENCE , *DIETITIANS , *HEALTH occupations students , *RESEARCH methodology , *INTERVIEWING , *SIMULATION methods in education , *SATISFACTION , *HUMAN services programs , *FAMILY-centered care , *EXPERIENCE , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STUDENTS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SOUND recordings , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *QUALITY assurance , *RESEARCH funding , *INTERDISCIPLINARY education , *CONTENT analysis , *CURRICULUM planning , *STUDENT attitudes , *DEATH , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *SPEECH therapists , *LONGITUDINAL method , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes - Abstract
Palliative care education for allied health professionals has received minimal research attention. This longitudinal study followed the development of an education program for speech-language therapy (SLT) and dietetic (DT) students. The project comprised three stages. In Stage I, consenting SLT and DT graduates (n = 9) were interviewed 6 months after graduation exploring preparedness for working in palliative care. Interviews were transcribed, and topics were extracted through content analysis. In Stage II, a new palliative care curriculum was developed using the extant literature and gaps reported in Stage I. In Stage III, we implemented and evaluated the new curriculum. Students were surveyed before (n = 68) and after (n = 42) the new program and at 6-month post-graduation (n = 15) to capture student-reported changes in knowledge and confidence in palliative care. In Stage I, 10 topics were developed covering knowledge, roles, team, family-focused care, and feelings. In Stage II, a hybrid program was developed including e-learning modules, didactic lectures, and a simulated learning experience. In Stage III, student feedback demonstrated positive shifts in knowledge and confidence ratings from medians 3–6 to 5–8 (1 = none; 10 = excellent) across all domains. Gains in knowledge and confidence were consistently higher at 6-month post-graduation for final survey respondents. Mixed modality interprofessional palliative care education for allied health professionals has merit in improving knowledge, confidence, and perceived preparedness for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Statistics in a World Without Science
- Author
-
Tench, Christopher R., Farnell, Damian J. J., editor, and Medeiros Mirra, Renata, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Reducing Questionable Research Practices
- Author
-
Bennett, Matthew and Bennett, Matthew
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Addressing the Reproducibility Crisis
- Author
-
Bennett, Matthew and Bennett, Matthew
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Hits and Misses in the Last Decade of Open Science: Researchers From Different Subfields and Career Stages Offer Personal Reflections and Suggestions
- Author
-
Jennifer Beer, Paul Eastwick, and Jin X. Goh
- Subjects
open science ,transparency ,replication ,pre-registration ,diversity ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The success of Open Science in addressing the replication crisis and restoring credibility in psychology can be understood more completely by examining the successes and challenges of adapting the recommended best practices by researchers at different types of institutions, different career stages, and from different subfields within social and personality psychology. In this article, we offer personal reflections about the impact and future of the Open Science movement in a conversational form between three researchers at varying career stages who focus on different subdisciplines (relationship science, diversity science, and social neuroscience and social cognition) and work at universities that place a different emphasis on research (relative to teaching and service). We see many successes of the open science movement, but we also note that implementation has trailed behind its full potential because (a) the incentive structures of our existing rigid system remain misaligned with some open-science goals, and (b) some open science solutions were designed by researchers with certain types of scientific practices in mind. We all feel encouraged by the focus on larger samples, greater data sharing, and pre-registration both for experimental design and analytical decisions. However, there are areas that need attention. Our perspective is that the open science movement has not been as strong of an ally as it could be to another goal of psychological science: increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion. Additionally, more careful consideration of how to facilitate data sharing and pre-registration is needed and may necessitate a shift in the incentive structure of our field.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Opportunities, challenges and tensions: Open science through a lens of qualitative social psychology.
- Author
-
Pownall, Madeleine, Talbot, Catherine V., Kilby, Laura, and Branney, Peter
- Subjects
- *
PRIVACY , *SCHOLARLY method , *ELECTRONIC data interchange , *SERIAL publications , *QUALITATIVE research , *MEDICAL ethics , *SOCIAL psychology , *AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
In recent years, there has been a focus in social psychology on efforts to improve the robustness, rigour, transparency and openness of psychological research. This has led to a plethora of new tools, practices and initiatives that each aim to combat questionable research practices and improve the credibility of social psychological scholarship. However, the majority of these efforts derive from quantitative, deductive, hypothesis‐testing methodologies, and there has been a notable lack of in‐depth exploration about what the tools, practices and values may mean for research that uses qualitative methodologies. Here, we introduce a Special Section of BJSP: Open Science, Qualitative Methods and Social Psychology: Possibilities and Tensions. The authors critically discuss a range of issues, including authorship, data sharing and broader research practices. Taken together, these papers urge the discipline to carefully consider the ontological, epistemological and methodological underpinnings of efforts to improve psychological science, and advocate for a critical appreciation of how mainstream open science discourse may (or may not) be compatible with the goals of qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Assessing the magnitude of changes from protocol to publication--a survey on Cochrane and non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews.
- Author
-
Siebert, Maximilian, Caquelin, Laura, Madera, Meisser, Acosta-Dighero, Roberto, Naudet, Florian, and Roqué, Marta
- Subjects
STANDARD deviations ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
Objective. To explore differences between published reviews and their respective protocols in a sample of 97 non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews (non-CSRs) and 97 Cochrane Systematic Reviews (CSRs) in terms of PICOS (Patients/Population, Intervention, Comparison/Control, Outcome, Study type) elements and the extent to which they were reported. Study Design and Setting. We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify non-CSRs and CSRs that were published in 2018. We then searched for their corresponding Cochrane or PROSPERO protocols. The published reviews were compared to their protocols. The primary outcome was changes from protocol to review in terms of PICOS elements. Results.Weidentified a total of 227 changes from protocol to review in PICOS elements, 1.11 (Standard Deviation (SD), 1.22) changes per review for CSRs and 1.23 (SD, 1.12) for non-CSRs per review. More than half of each sub-sample (54.6% of CSRs and 67.0% of non-CSRs) (Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) 12.4% [-1.3%; 26.0%]) had changes in PICOS elements. For both subsamples, approximately a third of all changes corresponded to changes related to primary outcomes. Marked differences were found between the sub-samples for the reporting of changes. 95.8% of the changes in PICOS items were not reported in the non-CSRs compared to 42.6% in the CSRs (ARR 53.2% [43.2%; 63.2%]). Conclusion. CSRs showed better results than non-CSRs in terms of the reporting of changes. Reporting of changes from protocol needs to be promoted and requires general improvement. The limitations of this study lie in its observational design. Registration: https://osf.io/6j8gd/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. How open is communication science? Open-science principles in the field.
- Author
-
Haim, Mario and Jungblut, Marc
- Subjects
VOTER registration ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
Open-science principles, such as open data, shared materials, and pre-registration, are expected to encourage a culture of replication in scientific research. Yet, with its topical and methodological heterogeneity, communication science has been described to fall short of such principles. We analyze the extent to which open-science principles were used in publications from 20 leading communication journals between 2010 and 2020, and compare the results to benchmarks from psychology. Results show that open-science principles were little used in communication science with some variation across methods, but were more consistently used in psychology papers. There was no relationship with scientific impact. This suggests a need for greater attention to open-science principles in communication science, while considering their appropriateness for different study designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Developing an open science ‘mindset’
- Author
-
Martin S. Hagger
- Subjects
open science ,research transparency ,data sharing ,pre-registration ,replication crisis ,Medicine ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Background Identification of widespread biases present in reported research findings in many scientific disciplines, including psychology, such as failures to replicate and the likely extensive application of questionable research practices, has raised serious concerns over the reliability and trustworthiness of scientific research. This has led to the development of, and advocacy for, ‘open science’ practices, including data, materials, analysis, and output sharing, pre-registration of study predictions and analysis plans, and increased access to published research findings. Implementation of such practices has been enthusiastic in some quarters, but literacy in, and adoption of, these practices has lagged behind among many researchers in the scientific community. Advances In the current article I propose that researchers adopt an open science ‘mindset’, a comprehensive approach to open science predicated on researchers’ operating under the basic assumption that, wherever possible, open science practices will be a central component of all steps of their research projects. The primary, defining feature of the mindset is a commitment to open science principles in all research projects from inception to dissemination. Other features of the mindset include the assumption that all components of research projects (e.g. pre-registered hypotheses, protocols, materials, analysis plans, data, and output) will be accessible broadly; pro-active selection of open fora to disseminate research components and findings; open and transparent dissemination of reports of the research findings in advance of, and after, formal publication; and active promotion of open science practices through education, modeling, and advocacy. Conclusion The open science mindset is a ‘farm to fork’ approach to open science aimed at promoting comprehensive quality in application of open science, and widening participation in open science practices so that they become the norm in research in health psychology and behavioral medicine going forward.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Critical thinking development in undergraduate midwifery students: an Australian validation study using Rasch analysis
- Author
-
Amanda G. Carter, Amanda Müller, Michelle Gray, Dianne Bloxsome, Kristen Graham, Dolores Dooley, and Linda Sweet
- Subjects
Critical thinking ,Midwifery student ,Rasch analysis ,Pre-registration ,Evaluation ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Well-developed critical thinking skills are required to provide midwifery care that is safe, evidence-based, and woman-centred. A valid, reliable tool to measure is required the application of critical thinking in midwifery practice. The Carter Assessment of Critical Thinking in Midwifery (CACTiM) has previously been psychometrically assessed using classical methods at a single site. This study aims to further evaluate the properties of CACTiM tools using Rasch analysis in a diverse group of midwifery students and preceptors. Methods The CACTiM tools were completed by undergraduate midwifery students studying at three Australian universities and their preceptors. Midwifery students’ critical thinking was evaluated separately through student self-assessment and preceptor assessment and then matched. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the tools. Results Rasch analysis confirmed both the preceptor and student CACTiM tools demonstrated good reliability and unidimensionality. The items can differentiate between students’ ability to apply critical thinking in midwifery practice. Person reliability and item reliability were above .92 for both scales indicating excellent reliability and internal consistency. Several improvements were identified to the tools, including enhanced wording to some items, and reduction to a 5-point Likert scale. Through analysis of lower-scoring items, midwifery programs can identify curricula enhancements. Conclusion The CACTiM student and preceptor tools are valid and reliable measures of critical thinking in midwifery practice. The tools can assess students’ critical thinking abilities and identify areas for development for individuals and across student cohorts through curricula enhancements.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Assessing the magnitude of changes from protocol to publication—a survey on Cochrane and non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews
- Author
-
Maximilian Siebert, Laura Caquelin, Meisser Madera, Roberto Acosta-Dighero, Florian Naudet, and Marta Roqué
- Subjects
Systematic reviews ,Pre-registration ,Protocols ,Cochrane ,Reporting bias ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Objective To explore differences between published reviews and their respective protocols in a sample of 97 non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews (non-CSRs) and 97 Cochrane Systematic Reviews (CSRs) in terms of PICOS (Patients/Population, Intervention, Comparison/Control, Outcome, Study type) elements and the extent to which they were reported. Study Design and Setting We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify non-CSRs and CSRs that were published in 2018. We then searched for their corresponding Cochrane or PROSPERO protocols. The published reviews were compared to their protocols. The primary outcome was changes from protocol to review in terms of PICOS elements. Results We identified a total of 227 changes from protocol to review in PICOS elements, 1.11 (Standard Deviation (SD), 1.22) changes per review for CSRs and 1.23 (SD, 1.12) for non-CSRs per review. More than half of each sub-sample (54.6% of CSRs and 67.0% of non-CSRs) (Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) 12.4% [−1.3%; 26.0%]) had changes in PICOS elements. For both subsamples, approximately a third of all changes corresponded to changes related to primary outcomes. Marked differences were found between the sub-samples for the reporting of changes. 95.8% of the changes in PICOS items were not reported in the non-CSRs compared to 42.6% in the CSRs (ARR 53.2% [43.2%; 63.2%]). Conclusion CSRs showed better results than non-CSRs in terms of the reporting of changes. Reporting of changes from protocol needs to be promoted and requires general improvement. The limitations of this study lie in its observational design. Registration: https://osf.io/6j8gd/.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Spatial attention is not affected by alpha or beta transcranial alternating current stimulation: A registered report.
- Author
-
Silas, Jonathan, Jones, Alexander, Yarrow, Kielan, and Anderson, Wayne
- Subjects
BRAIN stimulation ,ATTENTION ,EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) ,ALPHA rhythm ,BETA rhythm - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Open Science Practices in Gambling Research Publications (2016–2019): A Scoping Review.
- Author
-
Louderback, Eric R., Gainsbury, Sally M., Heirene, Robert M., Amichia, Karen, Grossman, Alessandra, Bernhard, Bo J., and LaPlante, Debi A.
- Subjects
- *
OPEN scholarship , *COMPULSIVE gambling , *GAMBLING , *BEHAVIORAL research , *PUBLICATION bias , *RESEARCH bias - Abstract
The replication crisis has stimulated researchers around the world to adopt open science research practices intended to reduce publication bias and improve research quality. Open science practices include study pre-registration, open data, open access, and avoiding methods that can lead to publication bias and low replication rates. Although gambling studies uses similar research methods as behavioral research fields that have struggled with replication, we know little about the uptake of open science research practices in gambling-focused research. We conducted a scoping review of 500 recent (1/1/2016–12/1/2019) studies focused on gambling and problem gambling to examine the use of open science and transparent research practices. Our results showed that a small percentage of studies used most practices: whereas 54.6% (95% CI: [50.2, 58.9]) of studies used at least one of nine open science practices, each practice's prevalence was: 1.6% for pre-registration (95% CI: [0.8, 3.1]), 3.2% for open data (95% CI: [2.0, 5.1]), 0% for open notebook, 35.2% for open access (95% CI: [31.1, 39.5]), 7.8% for open materials (95% CI: [5.8, 10.5]), 1.4% for open code (95% CI: [0.7, 2.9]), and 15.0% for preprint posting (95% CI: [12.1, 18.4]). In all, 6.4% (95% CI: [4.6, 8.9]) of the studies included a power analysis and 2.4% (95% CI: [1.4, 4.2]) were replication studies. Exploratory analyses showed that studies that used any open science practice, and open access in particular, had higher citation counts. We suggest several practical ways to enhance the uptake of open science principles and practices both within gambling studies and in science more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Interprofessional Working in Practice -- Avoiding a Theory-Practice Gap.
- Author
-
Jackson, Ann, Bluteau, Patricia, and Furlong, Janet
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,INTERPROFESSIONAL education ,MEDICAL care ,THEORY-practice relationship - Abstract
This paper aims to encourage and promote further discussion around the theme of the theory and practice gap in the teaching and practice of interprofessional education (IPE) in pre-registration health and social care. Following a brief history of IPE, we consider the importance of providing students with supported opportunities to observe, learn and put into practice IPE. We also highlight the necessity of involving practitioners in creating health professionals who are 'fit for purpose' at qualification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Three steps to open science for qualitative research in psychology.
- Author
-
Branney, Peter E., Brooks, Joanna, Kilby, Laura, Newman, Kristina, Norris, Emma, Pownall, Madeleine, Talbot, Catherine V., Treharne, Gareth J., and Whitaker, Candice M.
- Subjects
- *
OPEN scholarship , *PSYCHOLOGICAL research , *QUALITATIVE research , *PSYCHOLOGY , *SYSTEMS theory - Abstract
Principles and applications of open science (also referred to as open research or open scholarship) in psychology have emerged in response to growing concerns about the replicability, transparency, reproducibility, and robustness of psychological research alongside global moves to open science in many fields. Our objective in this paper is to inform ways of collectively constructing open science practices and systems that are appropriate to, and get the best out of, the full range of qualitative and mixed‐method approaches used in psychology. We achieve this by describing three areas of open research practice (contributorship, pre‐registration, and open data) and explore how and why qualitative researchers might consider engaging with these in ways that are compatible with a qualitative research paradigm. We argue it is crucial that open research practices do not (even inadvertently) exclude qualitative research, and that qualitative researchers reflect on how we can meaningfully engage with open science in psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Hits and Misses in the Last Decade of Open Science: Researchers From Different Subfields and Career Stages Offer Personal Reflections and Suggestions.
- Author
-
Beer, Jennifer, Eastwick, Paul, and Goh, Jin X.
- Subjects
OPEN scholarship ,RESEARCH personnel ,SOCIAL perception ,PSYCHOLOGICAL research ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,INFORMATION sharing - Abstract
The success of Open Science in addressing the replication crisis and restoring credibility in psychology can be understood more completely by examining the successes and challenges of adapting the recommended best practices by researchers at different types of institutions, different career stages, and from different subfields within social and personality psychology. In this article, we offer personal reflections about the impact and future of the Open Science movement in a conversational form between three researchers at varying career stages who focus on different subdisciplines (relationship science, diversity science, and social neuroscience and social cognition) and work at universities that place a different emphasis on research (relative to teaching and service). We see many successes of the open science movement, but we also note that implementation has trailed behind its full potential because (a) the incentive structures of our existing rigid system remain misaligned with some open-science goals, and (b) some open science solutions were designed by researchers with certain types of scientific practices in mind. We all feel encouraged by the focus on larger samples, greater data sharing, and pre-registration both for experimental design and analytical decisions. However, there are areas that need attention. Our perspective is that the open science movement has not been as strong of an ally as it could be to another goal of psychological science: increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion. Additionally, more careful consideration of how to facilitate data sharing and pre-registration is needed and may necessitate a shift in the incentive structure of our field. Highlights: A conversation between researchers at different career stages and at different types of research institutions identifies new directions to fulfill the potential of Open Science goals in Psychological research. New pre-registration guidelines are provided and discussed in the framework of three different goals for promoting transparency and replication. We call for transparency and robust empiricism to be favored over easy routes to assign awards to individual scientists. We note the ways in which the Open Science movement in Psychology could be an even stronger ally on issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. How Wide is the Arc of Racial Solidarity? People of Color and Middle Easterners and North Africans.
- Author
-
Eidgahy, Kaumron and Pérez, Efrén O.
- Subjects
- *
SOLIDARITY , *PEOPLE of color , *POLITICAL attitudes , *BLACK Lives Matter movement , *MINORITIES , *POLITICAL participation - Abstract
Emerging work suggests that Blacks, Asians, and Latinos sometimes share a strong sense of solidarity as people of color (PoC), which unifies their political opinions on issues that strongly implicate some of these racial groups (e.g., Black Lives Matter). Yet much uncertainty remains about whether other non-White groups, beyond these traditional three, are compelled to engage in politics as PoC via this same mechanism. We investigate this with two studies focused on Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) individuals: a minoritized group with deep U.S. roots, but sparse theoretical and empirical attention in political science. Study 1 draws on in-depth interviews with MENA adults (N =20), who suggest that, insofar as they sense solidarity with other people of color, it is because they feel racially marginalized as foreigners. Study 2 builds on this insight with a pre-registered experiment on MENA adults (N =514), which randomly assigned them to read an article about Latinos, who are also marginalized as foreign (vs. control article). We find that exposure to treatment reliably heightens MENAs' expression of solidarity with other PoC, which then significantly boosts support for flexible policies toward undocumented immigrants (which implicate Latinos, but not MENAs) and reduces belief in negative stereotypes of Latinos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. In the Centre of Attention: How Social Entrepreneurs Influence Organisational Reputation.
- Author
-
Waldner, Carolin J.
- Subjects
SOCIAL influence ,REPUTATION ,SOCIAL enterprises ,SOCIAL entrepreneurship ,BUSINESSPEOPLE - Abstract
To enhance organisational reputation, entrepreneurs are frequently put in the centre of attention. Particularly social entrepreneurs, who combine pro-social and entrepreneurial identities, often represent their organisations. Yet, we know little about how the presentation of a leader influences organisational reputation. Results of a 2 × 2 × 2 pre-registered experiment indicate that a leader-centred communication barely influences the stakeholders' perceptions. However, stakeholders have a significantly better perception of a social enterprise that presents a leader with salient society-oriented character traits (versus business-oriented character traits). This study contributes to social entrepreneurship and reputation research and reveals new insights for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.