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AbstractTotal reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) is a pivotal technique in modern atomic spectroscopy, distinguished by its capability for multi-element simultaneous determination, a wide dynamic concentration range, samples do not require acid digestion. Additionally, TXRF exhibits negligible matrix effects when samples are prepared as thin films. Based on these unique features, recent research efforts have increasingly employed laboratory-built TXRF systems for the determination of major and trace elements in various samples. Given the diverse and intricate nature of TXRF systems components, this paper provides an overview of critical components that constitute these systems, compares the influence of various parameters on analytical performance, and offers recommendations for component selection. Additionally, recent applications of laboratory-built TXRF in fields such as environmental monitoring, nuclear energy, and food safety are discussed, with a focus on sample preparation, analyzed elements, and quantitative analysis are presented together with analytical parameters such as detection limits and recoveries. By introducing the instrument components and their practical applications, this paper aims to guide researchers in the construction and optimization of TXRF systems, thereby promoting the advancement of TXRF in future research and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning has been widely recognized in the field of CO2 geological utilization and storage applications. With the development of deep learning algorithms, intelligent models are gradually able to improve multi-source, multi-scale and multi-physicochemical mechanism barriers with high-fidelity solutions in practical applications. In this perspective, an overview of the traditional and state-of-the-art deep learning architectures involved in CO2 geological utilization and storage is outlined in terms of evolutionary trajectories. Meanwhile, the favorable directions and application scenarios of different deep learning algorithms for geo-energy intelligence modeling are summarized. Moreover, further insights into the future direction of deep learning burgeoning architectures in this field are provided. The physics-guided deep learning, explainable artificial intelligence, and generative artificial intelligence are expected to deliver more accurate solutions for information extraction and decision support within the CO2 geological utilization and storage communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent physical and chemical properties of palladium(Pd) have made its application and demand increase gradually. Therefore, it is important to develop a new material to efficiently separate and purify palladium from secondary sources to ensure its supply. In this work, a thermosensitive palladium smart imprinted polymer(Pd-T-SIP) was synthesized, which could achieve the efficient separation and purification of Pd. The microstructure and morphology of Pd-T-SIP were characterized. The experimental results showed that the Pd-T-SIP showed the maximum adsorption amount(Q) of 0.1022 mmol/g for Pd(IV), the desorption rate(D) was 83.09%, and it had good reusability. Theoretical studies showed that the adsorption process of Pd-T-SIP was suitable to be described by quasi-first-order model and Langmuir model, which indicated that the adsorption of Pd-T-SIP was monolayer adsorption. Finally, Pd-T-SIP was applied to the platinum group catalyst leach solution, and it could be found that its adsorption/desorption effect was more excellent, with its adsorption amount reaching 0.1558 mmol/L, desorption rate reaching 77.14%, and the palladium purity after one adsorption/desorption cycle increased from 13.75% to 30.62%, and the purity of platinum group metals increased from 40.29% to 73.56% after one adsorption/desorption cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers have significantly advanced automotive suspension systems by providing adaptable damping characteristics in response to varying road conditions and driving dynamics. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and integration of MR dampers in semi-active suspension systems. Semi-active systems present an optimal balance by integrating the simplicity inherent in passive systems with the adaptability characteristic of active systems, while mitigating the substantial energy consumption. The fundamental principles of MR technology, the design of MR dampers, and the diverse control strategies employed to optimize suspension performance were examined. The classical, modern, and intelligent control methods, along with the related research, were emphasized. Based on the above-mentioned methods, the benefits of MR semi-active control were highlighted, while the challenges and future research directions in MR damper technology were also addressed. Through a synthesis of recent research findings and practical applications, this paper underscores the advancements in MR-based semi-active suspension systems and their promising prospects in the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a collection, this Special Issue includes examinations of changes to teaching frameworks that can be a tool to disrupt epistemic privilege, how integrated and immersive environmental justice and community engaged coursework can foster more inclusive learning experiences for students, discussions of how to effect curriculum and academic program change, and multiple case studies with practical takeaways related to pedagogical innovations and best practices for creating more equitable academic/co-curricular programs. These examples and their calls for change are couched within an understanding of the precarious nature of academic labor and the often-inequitable load carried by staff and faculty who are untenured, BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color), women, and/or LBGTQIA+ (Misra et al., 2021). Emphasis must be placed on institutional initiatives and structural change/networks of support, rather than individualized actions of faculty and staff. Overall, these collected articles demonstrate the theoretical and practical importance of DEIJ efforts to the field of Environmental Studies and Sciences (ESS). Critical reflection of how we teach, who we teach, and the ways in which unquestioned institutional practices reinforce racial and privileged hierarchies is needed to for our discipline to become ready for the diverse student communities who will enact just environmental futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of cable bacteria has revolutionized our understanding of long-distance biological electron transfer and has provoked the study of their distribution. Cable bacteria are widely distributed in aquatic environments and exhibit superior adaptations at the oxic–anoxic interface. The physiology and available genomes of cable bacteria have provided insights into the factors that control cable bacteria distribution, facilitating the anticipation of their occurrence and management of their ecological benefits. Cable bacteria create redox gradients, alter sediment geochemistry and nutrient cycling, influence microbial activity and networks, and alleviate multiple anthropogenic problems. The impact of cable bacteria can extend to the atmosphere, and their ecological significance may be more far-reaching than was previously believed. Cable bacteria have been identified and detected worldwide since their discovery in marine sediments in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Their activity can account for the majority of oxygen consumption and sulfide depletion in sediments, and they induce sulfate accumulation, pH excursions, and the generation of electric fields. In addition, they can affect the fluxes of other elements such as calcium, iron, manganese, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Recent developments in our understanding of the impact of cable bacteria on element cycling have revealed their positive contributions to mitigating environmental problems, such as recovering self-purification capacity, enhancing petroleum hydrocarbon degradation, alleviating phosphorus eutrophication, delaying euxinia, and reducing methane emission. We highlight recent research outcomes on their distribution, state-of-the-art findings on their physiological characteristics, and ecological contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, featuring high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness, have been dubbed as one of the most promising candidates to replace current commercial rechargeable Li‐ion batteries. However, their practical deployment has long been plagued by the infamous "shuttle effect" of soluble Li polysulfides (LiPSs) and the rampant growth of Li dendrites. Therefore, it is important to specifically elucidate the solvation structure in the Li–S system and systematically summarize the feasibility strategies that can simultaneously suppress the shuttle effect and the growth of Li dendrites for practical applications. This review attempts to achieve this goal. In this review, we first introduce the importance of developing Li–S batteries and highlight the key challenges. Then, we revisit the working principles of Li–S batteries and underscore the fundamental understanding of LiPSs. Next, we summarize some representative characterization techniques and theoretical calculations applied to characterize the solvation structure of LiPSs. Afterward, we overview feasible designing strategies that can simultaneously suppress the shuttle effect of soluble LiPSs and the growth of Li dendrites. Finally, we conclude and propose personal insights and perspectives on the future development of Li–S batteries. We envisage that this timely review can provide some inspiration to build better Li–S batteries for promoting practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its ability to transcend the confines of a physical classroom, virtual reality (VR) technology has become a potent tool in the revolution of established educational paradigms. The revolutionary potential of virtual reality (VR) in education is examined in this paper, with particular attention to how it may produce immersive and captivating learning environments that go beyond traditional classroom boundaries. Virtual reality (VR) allows students to engage with difficult ideas, historical events, and scientific phenomena in ways that were not possible before by submerging them in virtual settings. Students can develop a lifetime love of learning, strengthen their comprehension, and develop critical thinking abilities through experiential learning and simulation-based learning. Additionally, virtual reality (VR) enables customized learning experiences based on each student's needs, fostering accessibility and inclusion for a range of learners. The technical infrastructure, content creation, and teacher preparation are some of the practical issues and difficulties that this study looks at when incorporating VR into educational settings. Every educator, from elementary schools to universities, may discover the enchantment of virtual reality in education through first-hand accounts and innovative research. Virtual reality (VR) turns abstract ideas into concrete experiences that pique students' curiosity and ignite their imagination by transporting them to far-off places, historical eras, and microscopic worlds. Virtual reality (VR) enables students of all backgrounds and skill levels, so it's more than simply immersive fun. It makes access obstacles disappear and provides individualized learning pathways so that every student can succeed in their academic endeavors. However, incorporating virtual reality (VR) into the classroom ethically and inclusively presents a unique set of challenges, ranging from technological obstacles to ethical issues. In the future, virtual reality will serve as both a tool and a doorway to a world of limitless educational opportunities. VR adoption tactics can also be discussed, including how to get over issues like restricted access to technology and worries about user comfort and safety. The advantages of using virtual reality in educational contexts are examined in this research. To begin with, virtual reality (VR) makes experiential learning easier by enabling students to interact hands-on with difficult subjects, which improves understanding and retention. Second, virtual reality (VR) breaks down geographical barriers, allowing students to investigate far-off places, historical occurrences, and scientific phenomena all from inside the classroom. This widens viewpoints and encourages curiosity. Virtual reality (VR) may also support a variety of learning methods by providing experiences that can be customized to meet the needs of each user. Additionally, by encouraging teamwork and problem-solving skills through multiplayer experiences, it improves collaboration and communication skills. In addition, virtual reality simulations offer a secure setting for students to hone their abilities in disciplines like engineering, medicine, and aviation, so augmenting their proficiency and self-assurance. All things considered, incorporating VR into the classroom promises to enhance the educational process, foster critical thinking, and better equip students for the problems of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key challenge in flexible supercapacitor is balancing the trade‐off between high capacity and fast charging ability caused by dense structure‐induced sluggish ionic diffusion and storage dynamics. Herein, a hydrogen‐rich graphdiyne (GDY)–Ti3C2Tx electrode is reported with tunable interlayer spacing, abundant active sites, and extensive charge storage nanochannels. In particular, the GDY–Ti3C2Tx (12.6 wt.%) electrode has a remarkable volumetric capacitance (2296 F cm−3 at 1 A cm−3) and fast charging behavior (1262 F cm−3 at 50 A cm−3) resulting from the shortened transport pathways, enhanced ionic diffusion rate, and facilitated electrolyte mass transport. Moreover, an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor (ASSC) delivers a high volumetric energy density of 65.6 mWh cm−3, as well as long‐term deformable cyclic stability and high capacitance retention properties under harsh conditions. Density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrate the fast electronic responsiveness of the GDY–Ti3C2Tx heterostructure owning to the stronger H+ electrostatic attraction, lower migration resistance, and accelerated intercalation pseudocapacitance kinetics. In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that a stable Ti─O─C bond bridged organic–inorganic heterostructure can tolerate the repeated high‐current charge/discharge cycling process. The state‐of‐the‐art ASSC delivers multiple functional outputs and shows great potential for efficient energy supply in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruits and vegetables are an important part of the human diet, but during transportation and storage, microbial pathogens attack and spoil fruits and vegetables, causing huge economic losses to agriculture. Traditionally used chemical fungicides leave chemical residues, leading to environmental pollution and health risks. With the emphasis on food safety, biocontrol agents are attracting more and more attention due to their environmental friendliness. Endophytic fungi are present in plant tissues and do not cause host disease. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) they produce are used to control postharvest diseases due to their significant antifungal activity, as well as their volatility, safety and environmental protection characteristics. This review provides the concept and characterization of endophytic fungal VOCs, concludes the types of endophytic fungi that release antifungal VOCs and their biological control mechanisms, as well as focuses on the practical applications and the challenges of applying VOCs as fumigants. Endophytic fungal VOCs can be used as emerging biocontrol resources to control postharvest diseases that affect fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct conversion of atmospheric CO2 into fuel via photocatalysis exhibits significant practical application value in advancing the carbon cycle. In this study, we established an electro-assisted photocatalytic system with dual compartments and interfaces, and coated Ag nanoparticles on the titanium nanotube arrays (TNTAs) by polydopamine modification. In the absence of sacrificial agent and alkali absorption liquid conditions, the stable, efficient and highly selective conversion of CO2 to CO at the gas-solid interface in ambient air was realized by photoelectric synergy. Specifically, with the assistance of potential, the CO formation rates reached 194.9 µmol h-1 m-2 and 103.9 µmol h-1 m-2 under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, respectively; the corresponding CO2 conversion rates in ambient air were 30% and 16%, respectively. The excellent catalytic effect is mainly attributed to the formation of P-N heterojunction during the catalytic process and the surface plasmon resonance effect. Additionally, the introduction of solid agar electrolytes effectively inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction and improves the electron utilization rate. This system promotes the development of photocatalytic technology for practical applications and provides new insights and support for the carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital twins (DTs) have become a widely discussed subject, believed to have the potential to solve various problems across different industries, including Engineering & Construction (E&C). However, there is still significant misconception concerning the definition of DTs and their purpose within E&C. This study dives deep into identifying DT applications within E&C and the other prominent industries, i.e., Aerospace & Aviation, Manufacturing, Energy & Utilities, Automotive, Healthcare, Smart Cities, Oil & Gas, and Retail. The main challenges to the evolution of DT practical applications are also analyzed. A combination of a literature review, multi-case study analysis, and comparative analysis compose the deployed methodology. Standardization and a maturity level classification are proposed to drive progress of the adoption of DTs. The distinct aspects of the different industries and their assets are evaluated to the conclusion that DTs are better employed for maintenance of structures within E&C. DTs have become a well-worn topic, but the abundance of complex theoretical frameworks is met with simple or inexistent practical applications. Therefore, the novelty of this study lays in its comprehensive analysis of DT applications and real-world implementations—a departure from the often-theoretical discussions surrounding DTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTThree-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is progressing from lab pilots to large-scale manufacturing, encountering limitations with conventional printable material – cement mortar. Coarse aggregate concrete (CAC) emerges as a promising alternative due to its superior material properties, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability, attracting considerable interest in academia and industry. This paper explores the integration of CAC into 3DCP, focusing on three critical aspects: mixture design of 3D printable concrete, innovative methods of 3D printing process, and structural behaviours of 3D printed concrete specimens, structural members and systems. It elucidates the relationships among mixture composition, processing parameters, early-age material properties, and printability requirements. Furthermore, particle-bed 3D printing technology for CAC is discussed, highlighting advantages and challenges compared to extrusion methods. Ultimately, this review provides valuable insights into the technical challenges and prospects of 3D printing coarse aggregate concrete (3DPCAC) technology, aiming to foster advancements in research and construction practices.

Many initiatives have been seized to integrate 21st-century skills into the curriculum. They encompass specific competencies under five areas, which are vital subjects, 21st-century themes, innovation, career, and literacy skills. Accordingly, the present qualitative study was carried out at Tishk International University in Erbil, Iraq on 50 first-year students, aged between 18 and 23 in 10 departments through semi-structured interviews, according to the principles of phenomenological research design in the fall semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. This study aimed to explore the attitudes of tertiary-level students toward 21st-century skills through the lens of practical reflections on their social, personal, and academic lives. Specifically, it aimed to address the following question: What 21st-century skills are more significant than others? The rationale for exploring university students' perceptions of 21st-century skills and their practical applications was that students seemed perplexed regarding the significance of practical reflections in the Iraq context. Collected data were transcribed by the Go Transcribe application and classified based on the principles of content analysis. The findings revealed that reading, productivity, accountability, creativity, technology, and financial literacy were prioritized in each category by the participants, and they had novel ways to develop them regularly. The findings of this study can shed light on some points about the implementation of 21st-century skills with clear-cut strategies at educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI stands at the forefront of transforming global industries, achieving remarkable progress in recent years, largely driven by advanced deep learning techniques adept at processing extensive datasets. However, a crucial question arises when confronted with limited and ambiguously characterised data for a novel problem: Can AI maintain its effectiveness under such constraints? This paper delves into addressing this query, emphasising the role of Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) in enabling approximate reasoning amidst sparse or incomplete knowledge. This becomes particularly significant when traditional rule based inference mechanisms struggle due to misalignment with observations. Extensive research into FRI techniques within computational intelligence has yielded various methodologies. The focus of this paper centres on a notable subset, Transformationbased FRI (T-FRI). T-FRI operates by mathematically adjusting rules that share similarities with unmatched observations, utilising linear transformations of the nearest rules chosen automatically relative to an unmatched observation. Examples are included to showcase the successful applications of T-FRI in tackling challenging real-world problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct conversion of atmospheric CO2 into fuel via photocatalysis exhibits significant practical application value in advancing the carbon cycle. In this study, we established an electro-assisted photocatalytic system with dual compartments and interfaces, and coated Ag nanoparticles on the titanium nanotube arrays (TNTAs) by polydopamine modification. In the absence of sacrificial agent and alkali absorption liquid conditions, the stable, efficient and highly selective conversion of CO2 to CO at the gas-solid interface in ambient air was realized by photoelectric synergy. Specifically, with the assistance of potential, the CO formation rates reached 194.9 μmol h−1 m−2 and 103.9 μmol h−1 m−2 under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, respectively; the corresponding CO2 conversion rates in ambient air were 30% and 16%, respectively. The excellent catalytic effect is mainly attributed to the formation of P–N heterojunction during the catalytic process and the surface plasmon resonance effect. Additionally, the introduction of solid agar electrolytes effectively inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction and improves the electron utilization rate. This system promotes the development of photocatalytic technology for practical applications and provides new insights and support for the carbon cycle.

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers have significantly advanced automotive suspension systems by providing adaptable damping characteristics in response to varying road conditions and driving dynamics. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and integration of MR dampers in semi-active suspension systems. Semi-active systems present an optimal balance by integrating the simplicity inherent in passive systems with the adaptability characteristic of active systems, while mitigating the substantial energy consumption. The fundamental principles of MR technology, the design of MR dampers, and the diverse control strategies employed to optimize suspension performance were examined. The classical, modern, and intelligent control methods, along with the related research, were emphasized. Based on the above-mentioned methods, the benefits of MR semi-active control were highlighted, while the challenges and future research directions in MR damper technology were also addressed. Through a synthesis of recent research findings and practical applications, this paper underscores the advancements in MR-based semi-active suspension systems and their promising prospects in the automotive industry.

Antibiotics in ecosystems stimulate the emergence and development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, consequently posing tremendous health risks to wildlife species and humans. Laccase, a multicopper-containing oxidoreductase, is capable of nonspecifically catalyzing oxidization of multiple hazardous micropollutants, including antibiotics, with O2 as the terminal electron acceptor. Thus, laccase is recognized as a promising "green and sustainable biocatalyst" for the decontamination of antibiotics. Recently, great efforts have been made to design and exploit immobilized laccase to tackle antibiotics in the environment. In this review, the occurrence, fate, and ecological risks of antibiotics in environmental matrices are described. Moreover, the immobilized laccase-evoked removal of antibiotics, owing to immobilization technology reinforcing the stability and reusability of free laccase in bioremediation, is examined in details. In particular, advances in laccase-provoked transformation mechanisms (i.e. oxidative decomposition and radical polymerization) of antibiotics are highlighted, and a valuable guideline beneficial to large-scale practical applications is provided. Furthermore, evaluation of the intermediate products of antibiotics and their ecotoxicity in different laccase-enabled treatments is summarized. Finally, new directions for the application of laccase for effective antibiotic removal are envisaged, and several future directions to address the challenges are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) nano-materials are considered to be the most encouraging candidates to deal with environmental remediation, energy conversion, and degradation of organic pollutants because of their attractive characteristics, such as appropriate band structure, suppressed charges recombination ability, and good catalytic activity. The pure BiOX does not justify the advisable fine-tune photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, several BiOX morphologies are synthesized, such as atomic layers, ultrathin nano-sheets, nano-spheres, and nano-tubes to enhance multiple applications performance. Moreover, the photocatalytic sites, quantum efficiency, charge separation, and light absorption efficiency of BiOX are largely studied for higher photocatalytic activity. Generally, we reviewed the highly advanced strategies for enhanced photocatalytic activities including simultaneous decontamination of wastewater as well as energy conversion. Furthermore, the review objective; is to summarize recent scientific and technological challenging about bismuth oxyhalides composites including fabrication methods, photocatalytic activity, and performance improving challenging of BiOX based photocatalysts. Moreover, we proposed comprehensive upcoming positive advances and developments comprising potential applications on behalf of BiOX based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have recently reemerged as a promising technology in the fields of large-scale energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles, owing to the abundance and even distribution of sodium resources. Moreover, the similarity in working principles between SIBs and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) further accelerates their development. However, the development of SIBs still faces challenges, such as the limited availability of electrode materials that demonstrate both satisfactory cycling stability and high-rate performance. Typically, common electrodes utilize specific binders to integrate the active materials with conductive additives. Unfortunately, frequently used binders are often dielectric and mechanically unstable, leading to a decrease in specific capacity and poor cycling stability. In addition, strongly electronegative groups within binders can irreversibly capture Na+ ions, resulting in an increase in irreversible capacity. Therefore, the use of binder-free, free-standing electrodes is crucial for the development of high-performance SIBs due to their enhanced electronic conductivity and reversible electrochemical reactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in free-standing electrodes for SIBs and flexible SIBs. It examines the challenges specific to free-standing electrodes and flexible SIBs and proposes effective strategies to overcome these obstacles. By addressing these challenges, this review aims to stimulate significant progress in the development of flexible energy storage devices, fostering their extensive utilization across diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term health of business ethics is suspect. In particular, there are some troubling trends within the discipline's methodology that should be closely monitored and, in some cases, countered. Furthermore, business ethicists and management theorists should take some steps to make business ethics more robust and more relevant to actual business practice. Part 1 of this article argues that, while the dominance of the social science approach should be curtailed, relations between normative and empirical scholars need not be hostile; on the contrary, there are some modest ways in which the two approaches could complement each other more than they have to date. Part 2 examines why business ethics needs more systems thinking. Part 3 explores why business ethicists in general should follow the lead of some of our colleagues who are engaging in powerful and influential research with direct and immediate practical applications. The article closes with a few modest suggestions for enhancing business ethics theorizing and provides some concrete ways for scholars to become more involved with business practitioners and business practice and to learn from the latter in ways that can productively feed research streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to their lithium-ion counterparts due to the abundance of sodium resources and their potential for cost-effective energy storage solutions. The chemistry for SIBs has been investigated since the 1980s, but it went through a slow research and development process. Recently, there has been an acceleration in technology maturation due to a supply chain crisis originating from unequal resource distribution and sustainability and safety concerns regarding lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical application of SIBs has been hindered primarily by challenges related to cathode materials, specifically, surface and structural stabilities in different conditions. Through the integration of advanced techniques such as in situ spectroscopy, operando diffraction, and high-resolution microscopy, a comprehensive understanding of the cathode's dynamic behavior and degradation mechanisms can be achieved. The identified structural modifications, phase transitions, and degradation pathways offer critical insights into the design of robust cathode materials with prolonged cycling stability, fast charging capability, high energy density, great low-temperature performance, and safety. This review underscores the pivotal role of cutting-edge characterization techniques in guiding the development of high-performance sodium-ion batteries, thereby fostering the realization of sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions for diverse technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese olive is a popular fruit with a long history of cultivation and consumption. As a fruit with edible, nutritional, and even medicinal value, the Chinese olive has attracted increased interest from both nutrition researchers and health-conscious consumers. Chinese olive is a rich nutrient source, including essential and nonessential amino acids, various fatty acids, organic acids, vitamins, microelements, and high-quality dietary fibers. It is also an important natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other bioactive compounds. The nutritional and phytochemical compounds obtained from the Chinese olive exhibit unique and potent biological activities, explaining its various benefits to human health, including anti-Helicobacter pylori, anti-influenza, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor effects, among others. This review focuses on recent studies on Chinese olives and aims to summarize the major advances in their nutritional value, phytochemical composition, health benefits, and practical applications. It provides a reference for further research on Chinese olives and their properties and the development of novel functional products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated Sb(V) concentration in textile wastewater is a growing environmental concern worldwide and has received wider attention in recent years. Iron oxides possess appealing characteristics as efficient and cost-effective adsorbents in large-scale applications. In the present study, Sb(V) adsorption capacity of α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 was compared under experimental conditions close to the practical textile wastewater treatment. Results demonstrated that α-Fe2O3 performed better under different pH values, reaction times, dye compounds, and co-existing ions as compared to γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 8 h. Sb(V) adsorption is found to be highly pH dependent, and higher removal was achieved in lower pH, indicating the involvement of electrostatic interactions. The pHpzc value of α-Fe2O3 was 7.15, which favored Sb(V) adsorption in practical wastewater having neutral pH value (pH ~ 7). Pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order described the data and the simulated values of qe fitted well with the experimental values, indicating that pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics better with R2 (> 0.95) higher than of pseudo-first-order plots. The Langmuir and Freundlich models both described well the sorption data of all the adsorbents, where the R2 values were > 0.90 with a better fit in the Freundlich model for α-Fe2O3, suggesting that the adsorbent has heterogeneous surface characteristics. Similarly, characterizations revealed that the specific surface area, pore volume, and hydroxyl group content in α-Fe2O3 were higher than others, making it easier for contaminants to bind on to the active sites. Furthermore, the effect of dyes and co-existing anions on Sb(V) adsorption was negligible, except for SO42−, CO32−, and PO43− by the formation of inner-sphere complexes with iron oxides through competitive adsorption with [Sb(OH)6]−. Findings from the present study suggested that α-Fe2O3 effectively reduced Sb(V) in textile wastewater and could be a promising alternative for practical textile wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topotactic transition is a structural phase change in a matrix crystal lattice mediated by the ordered loss/gain and rearrangement of atoms, leading to unusual coordination environments and metal atoms with rare valent states. As early as in 1990s, low temperature hydride reduction is utilized to realize the topotactic transition. Since then, topological transformations are developed via multiple approaches. Especially, the recent discovery of the Ni‐based superconductivity in infinite‐layer nickelates has greatly boosted the topotactic transition mean to synthesizing new oxides for exploring exotic functional properties. In this review, a detailed and generalized introduction is provided to oxygen‐related topotactic transition. The main body of the review includes four parts: the structure‐facilitated effects, the mechanism of the topotactic transition, some examples of topotactic transition methods adopted in different metal oxides (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) and the related applications. This study is to provide timely and thorough strategies to successfully realize topotactic transitions for researchers who are eager to create new oxide phases or new oxide materials with desired functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT by OpenAI, has revolutionized the business world, with benefits including improved accessibility, efficiency, and cost reduction. This article reviews recent developments of generative AI in business and finance, summarizes its practical applications, provides examples of the latest generative AI tools, and demonstrates that generative AI can revolutionize data analysis in industry and academia. To test the ability of generative AI to support decision-making in financial markets, we use the ChatGPT to capture corporate sentiments towards environmental policy by inputting text extracted from corporate financial statements. Our results demonstrate that the sentiment scores generated by ChatGPT can predict firms' risk-management capabilities and stock return performance. This study also highlights the potential challenges and limitations associated with generative AI. Finally, we propose several questions for future research at the intersection of generative AI with business and finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an editorial published in Frontiers in Remote Sensing titled "Women in remote sensing: 2022." The editorial highlights the contributions of women researchers in the field of remote sensing and emphasizes the importance of gender equality in driving sustainable development. The collection of 15 papers led by women researchers showcases scientific excellence and addresses global challenges through a multifaceted lens. The editorial also discusses the themes, synergies, and connections among the papers, highlighting the diversity and collaborative potential within the field. Overall, the editorial marks a significant milestone in the journey toward a more inclusive and sustainable future. [Extracted from the article]

Digital twins (DTs) have become a widely discussed subject, believed to have the potential to solve various problems across different industries, including Engineering & Construction (E&C). However, there is still significant misconception concerning the definition of DTs and their purpose within E&C. This study dives deep into identifying DT applications within E&C and the other prominent industries, i.e., Aerospace & Aviation, Manufacturing, Energy & Utilities, Automotive, Healthcare, Smart Cities, Oil & Gas, and Retail. The main challenges to the evolution of DT practical applications are also analyzed. A combination of a literature review, multi-case study analysis, and comparative analysis compose the deployed methodology. Standardization and a maturity level classification are proposed to drive progress of the adoption of DTs. The distinct aspects of the different industries and their assets are evaluated to the conclusion that DTs are better employed for maintenance of structures within E&C. DTs have become a well-worn topic, but the abundance of complex theoretical frameworks is met with simple or inexistent practical applications. Therefore, the novelty of this study lays in its comprehensive analysis of DT applications and real-world implementations—a departure from the often-theoretical discussions surrounding DTs.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted interest in serving as large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high energy storage capacity, low cost, outstanding operational safety, and superior environmental friendliness. In the past two decades, enormous efforts have been devoted to all components of AZIBs, including cathode materials, Zn anodes, and electrolytes. This brief review first outlines the challenges of realizing practical ZIBs for cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes. Then, we focus on recent representative and promising electrolyte addictive studies. We further present our perspectives on critical issues to be addressed to enable practical AZIBs.

Plants play a crucial role in supplying food globally. Various environmental factors lead to plant diseases which results in significant production losses. However, manual detection of plant diseases is a time-consuming and error-prone process. It can be an unreliable method of identifying and preventing the spread of plant diseases. Adopting advanced technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) can help to overcome these challenges by enabling early identification of plant diseases. In this paper, the recent advancements in the use of ML and DL techniques for the identification of plant diseases are explored. The research focuses on publications between 2015 and 2022, and the experiments discussed in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of using these techniques in improving the accuracy and efficiency of plant disease detection. This study also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with using ML and DL for plant disease identification, such as issues with data availability, imaging quality, and the differentiation between healthy and diseased plants. The research provides valuable insights for plant disease detection researchers, practitioners, and industry professionals by offering solutions to these challenges and limitations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research in this field, highlighting the benefits and limitations of these methods, and proposing potential solutions to overcome the challenges of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese oxide‐based (MO‐based) aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are of great interest due to their high capacity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and low toxicity. However, to achieve commercialization of MO‐based AZIB, there are some issues mainly focused on cycling stability and capacity decay until now. The complexity of the energy storage mechanism and the physical and chemical properties of the MO itself are both hindering factors. Therefore, this review classifies and summarizes the energy storage mechanisms of MO‐based cathodes and hopes to guide the synthesis of MO‐based materials with excellent energy storage performance. And the kinetic assessment methods involve in the study of the MO‐based AZIB energy storage mechanism are categorized and highlighted. Moreover, the ideas of the current mechanisms mentioned are comprehensively discussed based on the advanced kinetic dynamics analyzing methods. In the last part of the review, a perspective outlook for the subsequent development and direction of MO‐based AZIB is made. This review will provide a guiding light for obtaining a high‐performance, commercially viable MO‐based AZIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAD(P)+-dependent formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2, FDH) catalyzes the simplest reaction from chemical and biological points of view, oxidation of formate-ion to carbon dioxide coupled to NAD(P)+ reduction to yield NAD(P)H. Advances in the life sciences have shown that this reaction plays an extremely important role in a wide variety of organisms. The areas and types of practical applications of FDH are also permanently expanding. The review analyzes the key steps in the development of our knowledge on the role of formate dehydrogenase in living systems. Achievements in creation of highly efficient catalysts based on FDH for classic biotechnology as well as for new areas are also considered. The importance of a correct selection of the starting FDH form for the purpose of a biocatalyst design with required properties with minimal costs is demonstrated. The prospects for the use of FDH for CO2 fixation of CO2 are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information’s digitization has provided to the users the premises for fast, pleasant, convenient access to the information. The evolution of society requires new approaches in the vocational training of young people in order to integrate them into the labor market. Entrepreneurship are among the field to which many of them aspire since high schools, motivated by financial benefits, independence and the desire to put business ideas into practice. The need to prepare potential entrepreneurs results from the complexity of the business environment, which generates risks, sometimes difficult to predict. Given the large number of firms that fail each year, a solid entrepreneurship education for young entrepreneurs increases the chances of a newly created firm meeting the challenges of the environment. The descriptive and applied empirical research aimed to implement the concept of an exercise company in high schools for the development of skills and entrepreneurial spirit among young people. To carry out the work, I studied the correlation between the entrepreneur, business sustainability and the applied learning methods, capable of developing skills and competencies needed by a young entrepreneur used in the education process. At the same time, this study analyzes the usefulness of the educational platform in the training of young people's entrepreneurial skills. The methods used in the research were: qualitative, descriptive and applied analysis

Heavy metal (HM) contamination is a persisting environmental problem in many countries. The major sources of soil contamination due to heavy metals (HMs) include pesticides, organic compounds, paints, waste generation by industrial (including small and medium enterprises) and mining activities. The remediation of soils contaminated with HMs is essential, given the fact that the latter causes direct and indirect damage to living organisms and the environment. There have been efforts to tackle the indefinite persistence of HMs in the soil for a long time; however, the problem persists due to a surge in HM utilization and lack of proper technologies for their eradication. To prevent HM contamination in the environment, novel, resilient ecotechnologies are necessary to remove and recover HMs from contaminated water and soil environments. Microbial bioremediation offers a cost-effective solution for the treatment of environmental sites contaminated with HMs. Microbes have the capacity to degrade environmental pollutants through their metabolic activity. Microbial degradation of HMs proceeds through diverse processes, such as biosorption, bioleaching, biomineralization, biotransformation and intracellular accumulation. The use of genetically modified microorganism with increased bioremediation potential, biomining using hybrid technologies and omics-based approaches is helpful to explore the realms of HM bioremediation. The implementation of these (bio) technologies has assisted in restoring soil contaminated by HMs and in protecting the environment. This review compiles information on the recent advances and applications of microbe-mediated bioremediation of soils contaminated with HMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strictinin is a relatively tiny ellagitannin, which is found in many plants as a minor constituent. Catechins are known as the major constituents in the young leaves of most tea plants, while strictinin was found as a major constituent in the Pu'er tea plant. In some Pu'er tea varieties, strictinin was identified as the most abundant phenolic compound rather than catechins. In the past decade, strictinin was demonstrated to possess several functional activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-obesity, laxative, anticaries, anti-allergic, antipsoriatic, antihyperuricemia, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. These functional activities were in accordance with the therapeutic effects empirically perceived for Pu'er tea. Evidently, strictinin is the key ingredient in Pu'er tea that acts as a herbal medicine. In functionally-based applications, an instant powder of Pu'er tea infusion was formulated as an active raw material to be supplemented in food, cosmetics, and beverages; a new type of tea named Bitter Citrus Tzen Tea was developed by combining three teas empirically consumed to expel the cold, and new edible oral care products were designed for caries prevention by supplementation with Pu'er tea extract. More functional activities and practical applications of strictinin are scientifically anticipated in follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines applying machine learning to the assessment of the quality of the transmission in optical networks. The motivation for research into this problem derives from the fact that the accurate assessment of transmission quality is key to an effective management of an optical network by a network operator. In order to facilitate a potential implementation of the proposed solution by a network operator, the training data for the machine learning algorithms are directly extracted from an operating network via a control plane. Particularly, this work focuses on the application of single class and binary classification machine learning algorithms to optical network transmission quality assessment. The results obtained show that the best performance can be achieved using gradient boosting and random forest algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles secreted by bacterial cells are the focus of close attention of researchers. They are enriched with bioactive molecules, mediate the intercellular communication of micro- and macroorganisms, participate in the adaptation of bacteria to stressful conditions, reprogramming target cells, and modulating immunoreactivity in higher organisms, thus changing the structure of microbial communities and ecosystems. The unique properties of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) open broad prospects for their practical application, in clinical medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and ecology as diagnostic markers, vaccines, new biological products, and means of their delivery. However, to implement practical applications a number of problems need to be solved. This review focuses on the ambiguous role of BEVs in the regulation of living systems, the problem of assessing the safety of BEVs and approaches to its solution related to innovative technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of wearable technology, there are higher requirements for wearable sensors, such as multimodal sensing, superior mechanical properties, and simple and easy‐to‐fabricate structures. However, it is difficult for existing flexible sensors to possess all these advantages simultaneously. Herein, a flexible multimodal sensor based on sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide double‐network hydrogel was prepared. The multiple hydrogen bonds between the two networks provided the gel with great mechanical properties. In addition, the flexibility and easy‐to‐fabricate simple structure of hydrogels were ideal for wearable sensors. In particular, the hydrogel sensors have a temperature sensitivity of up to 2.81 %/°C between −20 °C and 55 °C and pressure sensitivity of 0.03 kPa−1, both of which have excellent properties of stability and repeatability. Besides, the sensor also presented a humidity sensitivity of 0.027 % RH−1. This work also applied hydrogel sensors to practical applications and provided a new idea for wearable technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of simple connection methods is necessary for increasing cold-formed steel (CFS) construction activities. A new splice connection concept for the CFS built-up column-to-column connections is presented in this paper. This simple connection concept will use the same size and shape of the geometry as the CFS built-up column, which will enable a quick erection process. The new splice connection configurations, arrangement, and installation methods for cold-formed steel construction are demonstrated. Twenty-eight experiments, which include four actual columns, two disconnected columns, and 22 columns with splice connections, are carried out. This paper examines the influence of various parameters of splice connections such as length, thickness, and number of fastener rows. The design strength of the actual column is determined using the direct strength method (with modified global and local slenderness approaches) and is compared with the results of the splice connected columns for adequacy. The force transfer mechanism and failure modes of splice connection components are demonstrated in the form of detailed sketches. The smaller length splice connections led to localized failures, while the longer splice connections enabled the uniform force distribution between the built-up column cross-sections. Finally, it is recommended that the splice connection configuration should be a minimum of 300 mm in length, the splice thickness should be equal to the CFS built-up cross-section, and two rows of fasteners for attaining the required design strength of the built-up column members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although a significant amount of research has already been published, the field of ergonomics/human factors and sustainability (E/HF-S) has not yet been systematically profiled based on recent studies. Conducting a systematic review of the literature, this article aims: (i) to identify the main emergent research themes in this subject area and (ii) to provide future directions for applied research and practice on E/HF-S. Six emergent research themes were identified in this literature allowing for a proposal to synthesise the main concepts related to E/HF-S. However, it was noted that there are still relatively few empirical papers which assess the models being developed or that apply E/HF principles to sustainability challenges. Thus, this paper identifies the opportunities for practical application related to E/HF-S. The last part of the paper explores the E/HF-S opportunities using an external framework; the United Nations' sustainable development goals. Practitioner summary: The field of ergonomics/human factors and sustainability (E/HF-S) has not yet been organised by recent studies. Conducting a systematic review of the literature, this article identifies the main emergent research themes in this subject area, and it provides future direction for applied research and practice on E/HF-S. Abbreviations: ACE: activity-centred ergonomics; E/HF: ergonomics/human factors; E/HFS: ergonomics/human factors and sustainability; IEA: International Ergonomics Association; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; SDG: Sustainable Development Goal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information's digitization has provided to the users the premises for fast, pleasant, convenient access to the information. The evolution of society requires new approaches in the vocational training of young people in order to integrate them into the labor market. Entrepreneurship are among the field to which many of them aspire since high schools, motivated by financial benefits, independence and the desire to put business ideas into practice. The need to prepare potential entrepreneurs results from the complexity of the business environment, which generates risks, sometimes difficult to predict. Given the large number of firms that fail each year, a solid entrepreneurship education for young entrepreneurs increases the chances of a newly created firm meeting the challenges of the environment. The descriptive and applied empirical research aimed to implement the concept of an exercise company in high schools for the development of skills and entrepreneurial spirit among young people. To carry out the work, I studied the correlation between the entrepreneur, business sustainability and the applied learning methods, capable of developing skills and competencies needed by a young entrepreneur used in the education process. At the same time, this study analyzes the usefulness of the educational platform in the training of young people's entrepreneurial skills. The methods used in the research were: qualitative, descriptive and applied analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to their lithium-ion counterparts due to the abundance of sodium resources and their potential for cost-effective energy storage solutions. The chemistry for SIBs has been investigated since the 1980s, but it went through a slow research and development process. Recently, there has been an acceleration in technology maturation due to a supply chain crisis originating from unequal resource distribution and sustainability and safety concerns regarding lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical application of SIBs has been hindered primarily by challenges related to cathode materials, specifically, surface and structural stabilities in different conditions. Through the integration of advanced techniques such as in situ spectroscopy, operando diffraction, and high-resolution microscopy, a comprehensive understanding of the cathode’s dynamic behavior and degradation mechanisms can be achieved. The identified structural modifications, phase transitions, and degradation pathways offer critical insights into the design of robust cathode materials with prolonged cycling stability, fast charging capability, high energy density, great low-temperature performance, and safety. This review underscores the pivotal role of cutting-edge characterization techniques in guiding the development of high-performance sodium-ion batteries, thereby fostering the realization of sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions for diverse technological applications.

Chloroplasts are cellular organelles specific to plants, containing pigments, including chlorophyll, necessary for photosynthesis. Our short paper is a discussion of cases of chloroplast-animal cell endosymbiosis, as well as the potential applications of chloroplast transfer to animals, something that has not yet been accomplished by the research groups involved in this challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The first issue of Artificial Intelligence and Law journal was published in 1992. This paper discusses several topics that relate more naturally to groups of papers than a single paper published in the journal: ontologies, reasoning about evidence, the various contributions of Douglas Walton, and the practical application of the techniques of AI and Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]