1. Assessing the aerial interconnectivity of distant reservoirs of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
- Author
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Samuel Soubeyrand, Christel Leyronas, Cindy E. Morris, Maria Choufany, Leyronas, Christel, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), CASDAR grant from the French Ministry of Agriculture together with the Scientific Interest Group 'GIS PICLég' ('ScleroLeg' project), and SPREE project from the French National Research Agency (Contract No. ANR-17-CE32-0004-01)
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,champignon phytopathogène ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Microbiology ,réservoir de pathogènes ,épidémiologie végétale ,contact network ,pathologie végétale ,[SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology ,2. Zero hunger ,air-mass movement ,polyphagous fungi ,risk forecasting ,airborne inoculum ,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ,food and beverages ,inoculum aérien ,Agricultural sciences ,Mycologie ,HYSPLIT ,Microbiology (medical) ,Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,Mycology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,modèle mathématique ,Geographical distance ,parasite polyphage ,sclerotinia sclérotiorum ,masse d'air ,aérobiologie ,Air mass ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,prévision des risques ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,Spore ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,Cropping ,Sciences agricoles ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Many phytopathogenic fungi are disseminated as spores via the atmosphere from short to long distances. The distance of dissemination determines the extent to which plant diseases can spread and novel genotypes of pathogens can invade new territories. Predictive tools including models that forecast the arrival of spores in areas where susceptible crops are grown can help to manage sustainable crop health. However, such models are difficult to establish for fungi with broad host ranges because sources of inoculum cannot be readily identified. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the pandemic agent of white mould disease, can attack > 400 plant species including economically important crops. Monitoring airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum in several French cropping areas has shown that viable ascospores are present in the air almost all the time, even when no susceptible crops are nearby. This raises the hypothesis of a distant origin of airborne inoculum. The objective of the present study was to determine the interconnectivity of reservoirs of S. sclerotiorum from distant regions based on networks of air mass movement. Viable airborne inoculum of S. sclerotiorum was collected in 4 distinct regions of France and 498 strains were genotyped with 16 specific microsatellite markers and compared among the regions. Air mass movements were inferred using the HYSPLIT model and archived meteorological data from the global data assimilation system (GDAS). The results show that up to 700 km could separate collection sites that shared the same haplotypes. There was low or no genetic differentiation between strains collected from the four sites. The rate of aerial connectivity between two sites varied according to the direction considered. The results also show that the aerial connectivity between sites is a better indicator of the probability of the incoming component of inoculum at a given site from another one than is geographic distance. We identified the links between specific sites in the trajectories of air masses and we quantified the frequencies at which the directional links occurred as a proof-of-concept for an operational method to assess the arrival of airborne inoculum in a given area from distant origins.
- Published
- 2018
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