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The importance of the phenomenon of temporary labour migration is growing both from a quantitative and from a political point of view. Its legal regulation is grounded on concepts, such as “temporariness” and “labour market”, which are either not defined by the law or in potential conflict with their socio-economic reality. We propose two approaches to better identify the meaning of these terms in the context of European Union (EU) law, by focusing on the three categories of labour migration which are explicitly defined as temporary. These are posting of workers, seasonal work, and intra-corporate transfers. We analyse the concept of temporariness through a necessary and sufficient conditions approach, whereas to identify the meaning of “labour market” law we propose an original systematic document analysis using a corpus of more than 1800 mentions of the concept in EU “hard law”. Our article highlights the polysemic nature of these concepts and proposes operationalised criteria for further research into the legal regulation of temporary labour migration in the EU.

Copyright of Transfer: European Review of Labour & Research is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the title suggests, the essay proposes a study of the regulation of the posting of workers in the road-transport sector, in the light of the Directive (EU) 2020/1057, focusing on the main aspects of this complex recent regulatory intervention. Taking the cue from a general introduction to transport work, the attention is focused on the 2020 Directive, putting it in relation to two previous ones (Directive 96/71/EC and Directive 2014/67/EU), to then analyze the focal points of the new discipline and then conclude with some critical reflections of a proactive nature, with a view to future interventions in the field.

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our paper addresses the representation of territorialized and conflicting interests by the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) through a case study on the posting of workers. Public debates on the reforms to the legal framework for this controversial practice have been steadily increasing since the EU's eastward enlargement. Focusing on parliamentary questions, our mixed-methods research design analyses why and how MEPs take position on this highly divisive issue, beyond their nationality and a so-called opposition between Eastern and Western EU member states. MEPs' implication depends both on the impact that the posting of workers has on employment in their home country and on their own political career, including whether they hold national or local electoral mandates. These factors also determine which political roles are performed by MEPs (moral entrepreneur, policy maker, interest groups broker), as the textual analysis of their questions in Parliament highlights. These results emphasize the influence of parliamentary socialization on the positions taken in the debates about social Europe, but also the significance of the territorial dimension of parliamentary representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article unpacks some severe forms of exploitation of workers, resulting from the use of free provision of services for purposes that it was not intended to fulfil, under internal market law. It explores how this evolution of posting relates to the existence of a market resting only on the international assignment of workers, and proposes that the European Union (EU) takes steps to limit or prohibit assignment of labour, especially in the sectors (agriculture, meat sector, construction) where posting of workers, as some recent cases show, leads to extreme forms of exploitation that can be tagged as slavery.

Since the 2018 revision of the Posting of Workers Directive, the debate on posting has once again been heated. The spark comes particularly from disputes concerning cross-border mobility of highly mobile workers employed in transnational logistics services (Dobersberger, FNV, Rapidsped, and to a different extent Gruber and Samidani and AFMB). In this set of case law, the Court of Justice of the EU had to consider whether or not, and to what extent, the workers in question should be considered posted workers. Thus, the case law came to revolve around the spatial and territorial attributes, and the cross-border nature of the work performed. By resorting to the analytical tools provided by legal geography, and in particular to the concept of ‘chronotopes of law’ elaborated by Mariana Valverde, the aim of this piece is to reflect upon assumptions and implications of the aforementioned rulings with a view of discussing both structural and contingent elements that possibly favour exploitation of posted work in the transnational logistics industry.

The introductory article sets out the background and the content of the Symposium on ‘Law and the Production of Precarious Work in Europe’. The analysis builds on the premise that European (EU) law, together with international and national law, is constitutive of precarious forms of work and work relations in different national and local contexts. The Symposium takes issue with the specific legal frameworks and regimes that are related to structuring various forms of precarious and exploitable labour, by exploring how (EU) law orders the world of work through legal regimes and regulatory frameworks governing specific forms of labour mobility across borders, as well as by looking at the other components of the structures and institutional interactions underlying the broader political economy where precarious forms of work materialise.

While many coordinated market economies have responded to internationalization by regulation that creates dualization between insiders and outsiders, the Nordic countries have opted for an embedded flexibilization in which strong unions and cooperative employers have combined flexibility and equality. However, in recent years, the Nordic countries have come under pressure from an EU‐induced dualization that has institutionalized mobile low‐wage workers as an outside group. This article presents case studies of how Denmark and Sweden have responded to these challenges. While political processes have been different in the two countries, pressure from EU regulation and changes in employers' incentive to compromise implies that there is now a specific category of low‐wage workers in both countries' otherwise egalitarian labor markets. The article, thus, contributes to the literature on dualization by highlighting the pressure coming from EU regulation rather than national policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a research on posting in the construction industry in Albania and starts from the collaboration between the Polis University and Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini for YES Project (Youth Employment Skill Set on Posting). The intensification of the European integration process increases the pressure and responsibility of Albania to ensure a more efficient labour market. With the status of candidate country, currently Albania benefits in addition to component I - Transition Assistance and Institution Building and Component II - Cross-border Cooperation, also from component IV IPA - Human Resources Development, a transitional assistance for fund management of the European Social Fund in the future. This component is designed to help Albania meet more easily the future global challenges of employment and social cohesion, further boosting the country's development. Although there isn't a government website in Albania that focuses on informal work, several job promotion initiatives were launched in 1999 to encourage both training and employment. As part of those efforts, firms were given financial incentives to recruit unemployed people for a set length of time, and vulnerable groups like marginalized women were the focus of particular employment programs. Additionally, in 2004 referring the informal employment situation and its action plan, Albania fixed personal income tax at 10% in an effort to decrease the work informality. Construction in Albania has brought attention to the problem of inadequate enforcement of labor laws and practices. The public sector still struggles with corruption, which significantly hinders the efficient execution of legislation pertaining to informal employment. Employer payroll taxes are not correlated with employee payroll lists, making it difficult to identify tax fraud by employers through nonpayment of contributions and having a negative impact on employees' future pensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posting of workers is a common reality in all EU Member States and in all export-oriented industries. The problem relates to existing travel restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and in the context of the carbon footprint of business travel. In this context, the development of new Industry 4.0 technologies plays a significant role. The aim of the article is to identify the impact of Industry 4.0 technology on the international posting of workers in light of the COVID-19 pandemic on example of the German chemical industry. The basis of the analysis are two factor conditions of the Diamond Model of M.E. Porter: innovation and human capital. A qualitative study was conducted with experts in Industry 4.0 that regularly post workers. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the pace of technology adoption (especially Augmented Reality cluster). Industry 4.0 technologies enable companies to reduce the posting of workers. For this purpose, IT skills are now the most important, followed by communication, flexibility, and openness, as well as soft, team and didactic skills. JEL Codes: F23, J61, O33 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article unpacks some severe forms of exploitation of workers, resulting from the use of free provision of services for purposes that it was not intended to fulfil, under internal market law. It explores how this evolution of posting relates to the existence of a market resting only on the international assignment of workers, and proposes that the European Union (EU) takes steps to limit or prohibit assignment of labour, especially in the sectors (agriculture, meat sector, construction) where posting of workers, as some recent cases show, leads to extreme forms of exploitation that can be tagged as slavery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 2018 revision of the Posting of Workers Directive, the debate on posting has once again been heated. The spark comes particularly from disputes concerning cross-border mobility of highly mobile workers employed in transnational logistics services (Dobersberger, FNV, Rapidsped, and to a different extent Gruber and Samidani and AFMB). In this set of case law, the Court of Justice of the EU had to consider whether or not, and to what extent, the workers in question should be considered posted workers. Thus, the case law came to revolve around the spatial and territorial attributes, and the cross-border nature of the work performed. By resorting to the analytical tools provided by legal geography, and in particular to the concept of 'chronotopes of law' elaborated by Mariana Valverde, the aim of this piece is to reflect upon assumptions and implications of the aforementioned rulings with a view of discussing both structural and contingent elements that possibly favour exploitation of posted work in the transnational logistics industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introductory article sets out the background and the content of the Symposium on 'Law and the Production of Precarious Work in Europe'. The analysis builds on the premise that European (EU) law, together with international and national law, is constitutive of precarious forms of work and work relations in different national and local contexts. The Symposium takes issue with the specific legal frameworks and regimes that are related to structuring various forms of precarious and exploitable labour, by exploring how (EU) law orders the world of work through legal regimes and regulatory frameworks governing specific forms of labour mobility across borders, as well as by looking at the other components of the structures and institutional interactions underlying the broader political economy where precarious forms of work materialise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Mirror / Európai Tükör is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Migracyjne Przegląd Polonijny is the property of Wydzial Studiow Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych UJ oraz Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Alpenrind case (C-527/16) revealed opposing positions between the Member States providing services feely across Europe and the Member States fearing for social dumping. A tension the Union is grappling with for a certain time, and that increased in the last years. Many (mostly western) Member States believe that the posting of workers is un-dermining their social standards and hampering their labour markets. They are not con-vinced that Union law provides an adequate level to prevent abusive practices. Therefore, these Member States try to take countermeasures by implementing restrictive legislation: imposing obligations on employers to provide documents and comply with notification requirements. This leads to an additional burden potentially impeding the freedom of movement of workers and services; an effect the Social Coordination Regulations actu-ally intend to prevent.The Alpenrind case deals with two questions regarding the postal rule’s impact on so-cial security coordination. It addresses the condition of non-replacement as well as the binding effect of Portable Document A1. However, set in a broader context, it reveals the inherent contradiction of social security coordination. The Union finds itself having to strike a balance between the freedom to provide services and the protection against social dumping.

Abstract Within the broad ongoing review of the legislation of the European road haulage market the European Commission presented in May 2017 several proposals to clarify the regulation of the market, especially market access, driving and rest periods, and the application of the posted workers directive. The paper aims to show economic implications of the suggested regulation on the basis of two round trip models and to outline the differences of political and regional interests by analysing the ammendments to the proposals handed in by members of the political groups of the different Member States. The proposed regulation can be viewed as a further deregulation of the market with further shifts of markets shares in international and cabotage markets. This in turn is reflected by distinct regional differences of amendments of members within the different political groups.

This article draws on interviews, register data and a survey with 150 Polish posted workers in the Danish construction sector to analyse the challenges of enforcing the labour rights of posted workers. It argues that while posting companies are generally more 'unruly' vis-a-vis host country institutions, their way of engaging with these institutions varies depending on whether the company is a main contractor, subcontractor, or a private home service provider. This implies that the enforcement challenges that union and labour inspectors face differ just as the conditions of posted workers vary depending on the employer's position. The article concludes that while recent reforms to the rules of posting may solve some legal issues, there are still major challenges on the enforcement front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the judgments handed down by the Court of Justice in reply to Hungary and Poland's request to annul Directive 2018/957 which had introduced a number of amendments to the Posting of Workers Directive 96/71. Through these amendments, the European legislator had extended the scope of the employment protection of posted workers and these two Member States were of the opinion that this measure was in conflict with the Treaty provisions on the free movement of services. First, this article will briefly examine the amendments to the Posting of Workers Directive. Then, it will analyse the Court's responses to Hungary and Poland's arguments. At the end, a brief evaluation follows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a general understanding of the main aspects of mobility (no longer referred to as free movement) and social security coordination, in the Brexit international agreements that govern the relationship of the EU with the United Kingdom: the Withdrawal Agreement (WA) and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). The article shows that both topics, mobility (or migration) and social security coordination, were relevant to the origins of Brexit. Before analysing both Brexit Agreements, the article gives a comparative overview of them, considering their principal features and their relationship. The article then analyses the mobility and coordination of social security in each agreement from a practical perspective, giving examples and highlighting the significant differences in coverage that they generate for the different citizens included in their personal scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to examine to what extent the recent reform of the Posting of Workers Directive (PWD) may represent a proper instrument to correct the well-known pro-market approach adopted by the case law of the CJEU (“Laval quartet”) and favour more worker-friendly interpretations. The revised Directive is analysed under the heading of the equal treatment rule between local worker and posted workers in order to emphasize some critical aspects of the EU law which could reduce the practical impact of that rule, especially in case of long-term postings. The idea is that even though this Directive has also been adopted as a measure of employee protection, it only partially affects the position of the home-state employers wishing to post their employees to the territory of another Member State on a temporary basis. For example, for various reasons, the scope of the equal treatment rule could be curtailed and thus restrictively interpreted by the courts.

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pro Futuro is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of the internal market, based on the principle of freedom to provide services, as stated in article 56 TFEU, rendered common the posting of workers to another EU Member State. The risk of leading to social dumping in the host Member State, resulting from the less favourable working conditions of the sending Member State, justified Directive 96/71/EC. Collective bargaining, which has always taken on a prominent place in the posting of workers framework provided for in Directive 96/71/EC, is clearly reinforced by Directive (EU) 2018/957 that amended Directive 96/71/EC. The caselaw of the CJEU, however, has revealed that in some cases the enforcement of the host Member State working conditions, in view of the lack of harmonization of labour law in the Member States in relation to minimum protection mandatory rules, can paradoxically constitute a restriction on the freedom to provide services. The analysis of the amendments introduced by the Directive (EU) 2018/957 will demonstrate that, despite creating a favourable legislative framework for fair competitive conditions between national undertakings and the undertakings that post workers, may compromise the delicate balance between the protection of workers and the freedom to provide services.

This article discusses challenges relating to the social security and employment status of highly mobile workers in the live performance sector. These are persons whose place of employment is not a particular Member State but Europe. As such, these challenges arise from their often-weak connection to a specific Member State. The article provides an overview of a number of problems that mobile artists and their employers encounter under the EU legal framework for posting of workers and social security coordination, and explores some possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free movement of workers as a fundamental freedom -- laid down in Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union -- is supported by fundamental right guarantees from more sides. These guarantees primarily focus on the economic side of the labour market and of employment in general. This factor has a huge impact on the workers' social rights and legal interests as well. However -- besides the economic circumstances -- free movement has a great effect on the workers' social situation as well, which means that the traditional, socially-motivated interests that stem from labour law should also be in the focus of the regulation of free movement, otherwise workers would not be able to exercise this fundamental right properly. Therefore, free movement of workers shows a special duality of interests, which is on the one hand based around the economic necessity and on other hand around a stronger need for protecting the social interests of workers. The latter is reflected in some recent legislations in European Union law and this phenomenon shows the importance of the protection of workers' rights in general. We can see the social and labour market development based and planned on the European Pillar of Social Rights (2017) and specifically the reform of Directive 96/71/EC on the posting of workers (2018) because both new directions clearly show the need for strengthening the social protection of posted workers in the field of equal treatment or the minimum guarantees of employment. This paper analyses these new ways in the regulation of posting of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The posting of workers is a challenge for national regulatory and job protection frameworks in the EU. We address the specific case of road transport, analysing the discourses of the principal social and institutional stakeholders (trade unions, employers' associations, European institutions and labour inspectors) and identify the controversies that have arisen around the definition, regulation and assessment of worker posting. We consider, more generally, the direction in which the European unification project is heading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research suggests that trade unions in the European Union have become more receptive towards temporary and migrant workers and recognise their distinct interests. This article investigates to what extent this shift in attitude informs union responses to cross-border temporary agency work, an important variant of migrant non-standard work in the European Union. This employment form entails several potential lines of intra-labour conflicts of interests, that is, insider versus outsider and domestic versus migrant workers, and thus offers a particularly promising case to study whether and how unions seek to aggregate the interests of an increasingly heterogeneous workforce. Our findings suggest that although trade unions have gained considerable regulatory influence and new capacities to mediate conflicts of interest between different worker groups, a considerable degree of ambiguity remains in union positions and strategies towards temporary agency work and cross-border labour. Instead of gradual steps towards full inclusion of workers regardless of status and origin, union responses are best described as selective representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the broad ongoing review of the legislation of the European road haulage market the European Commission presented in May 2017 several proposals to clarify the regulation of the market, especially market access, driving and rest periods, and the application of the posted workers directive. The paper aims to show economic implications of the suggested regulation on the basis of two round trip models and to outline the differences of political and regional interests by analysing the ammendments to the proposals handed in by members of the political groups of the different Member States. The proposed regulation can be viewed as a further deregulation of the market with further shifts of markets shares in international and cabotage markets. This in turn is reflected by distinct regional differences of amendments of members within the different political groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiently functioning labour inspectorates play a key role for both fair mobility and the protection of workers’ rights. They contribute, for example, to combating and eliminat-ing hazardous working conditions, and ensuring that remuneration and social insurance premiums are actually paid. This is significant in the context of the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. Establishing the liability regarding compli-ance with the occupational health and safety regulations is causing serious practical dif-ficulties. Therefore, it is important above all to identify initiatives undertaken at the EU level designed to enhance cooperation of national labour inspectors in this field. It is also important to carry out an assessment whether they work efficiently, require systematis-ing, or perhaps it is necessary to undertake more formalised initiatives, e.g. in the form of a new EU institution.

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Public Law / Zeitschrift für Öffentliches Recht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The object of this article is an analysis of the art. 3 sec. la of the amended on 18 June 2018 Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services. From the perspective of the directive this provision does not change the legal nature of posting but amends the scope of the labor law provisions provided in the host state. In fact, this provision divides posted workers into two groups: short-term and long-term posted. The author states a hypothesis that division into long-term posted workers and short-term posted workers carries substantial legal significance as it implies the implementation of appropriate regulations of labor law which apply to one or the other group of workers. The study discusses criteria regarding the status updating of long-term posting and analysis regarding status of a worker in the framework of such posting from the perspective of the private international law. The status of the long-term posted workers in the private international law partly resembles the status of the migrating workers on the basis of the freedom of movement. The research method used in the paper is a dogmatic-legal method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Labour migration, i. e. the transnational movement of foreign workers on the European markets and their integration, is among the key topics of both Czech and European politics. I devote my paper to the regulation of work-related migration in a wider perspective of the global labour market in a specific type of labour migration „posting workers“. Purpose of the article: The paper focus on economic, political, and ethical problematic aspects of posting workers within the European Union in connection with the European Commission’s revision of Directive 96/71/EC with an emphasis on posting workers to the Czech Republic. Methods: I will to analyse the key patterns of the reactions and discourse strategies of selected Czech stakeholders regarding the proposal for a revision of Directive 96/71/EC, in particular that of selected government representatives. For this purpose, it will be used the method of discourse analysis (especially methods developed by Ruth Wodak). Findings & Value added: I would like to demonstrate, using the revision of Directive 96/71/EC as an example of new renovating models of global labour, as a part of the process of integration of the global market in the era of globalization, that the mechanism of posting workers creates a hybrid single European labour market, changes international relations, and contributes to the transnational flexibility of labour.