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In this study, we formulate Tracking Error Volatility (TEV) of a portfolio with matrices based on pre-defined risk factors and betting sizes and then we derive contributions to TEV from each factor and each security using the corresponding second derivatives as marginal contributions. This breakdown helps portfolio managers identify where TEV mostly comes from. Geometric illustrations are used to visualize and prove that contributions to TEV are orthogonal projections of each standalone TEV onto portfolio total TEV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why are certain organization design arrangements enacted in a project-based organization? Building on extant literature, this article addresses this fundamental question by explicating three distinct explanations of the raison d’etre of salient organization design arrangements: Functional, Legitimacy, and Agency. Conceiving these explanations as coexisting, interacting logics of organizing, the article argues to draw upon the powerful concept of logic multiplicity to pave the way for integrating diverse theoretical perspectives. Thus, the article contributes to the organization design stream of research in project studies by developing a typology of organization design logics and proposing a way forward for pursuing pluralistic theorizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This action research investigated the effectiveness of reflective portfolio approach in biology instruction among Science and Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learners in the hope of contributing to the corpus of knowledge already available on successful teaching strategies. This study made use of action research approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods of research involving forty (40) Grade 12 STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Senior High School learners. A validated 40-item multiple-choice questionnaire served as the pre-test and post-test for the participants to gauge their understanding of biology topics (Cell Theory, Cell structure, and function) before and after intervention as quantitative data for the study. For qualitative data, a journal was utilized to gather qualitative data from the FGD and interview. The quantitative results revealed that before the instruction using the reflective portfolio, the pre-test scores of the participants were average, while after the implementation of the intervention, the post-test scores of the participants showed a high result. Furthermore, their pre-test and post-test scores in their level of understanding of Biology topics showed a significant difference in the level of understanding of Biology topics. Qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions also revealed that reflective portfolios improve learners' performance in Biology topics by encouraging critical thinking, promoting deeper understanding, encouraging problem-solving skills, and increasing learners' engagement. The study concludes that reflective portfolios serve as an effective pedagogical tool in biology instruction, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter and promoting continuous improvement in the learning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a four-state regime-switching model that pairs low-volatility and high-volatility (HV) states to test eight stock–safe-haven asset portfolios' risk properties. We find the correlations between gold, U.S. T-bond, and the Swiss franc and stock markets are negative or zero in all states, including the HV–HV state, while the correlations between Bitcoin (BTC) and stock markets are positive in the HV–HV state, implying that gold, T-bond, and the Swiss franc are full safe-havens and BTC is a partial safe-haven asset. Moreover, our model is effective in portfolio construction, performing better than conventional time-varying generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-based models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts. We find different dynamics of deployment until 2045: for CO2 removal rates from the atmosphere, natural sink enhancement concepts are characterised by gradually increasing rates, followed by a saturation and potentially a decrease after few decades; forest-related measures ramp up slowly and for construction projects and bioenergy plants, annually constant removal rates are assumed during operation which drop to zero afterwards. The expenses for removing 1 t CO2 from the atmosphere were found to be between 8 and 520 € t CO2−1, which arises from high divergence both in capital and operational expenditures among the concepts. This high variability of expenses seems to suggest the more cost-effective concepts should be implemented first. However, aspects from economics, resource base and environmental impacts to social and political implications for Germany need to be considered for developing implementation strategies. All concepts investigated could be deployed on scales to significantly contribute to the German climate neutrality target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools. Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance. Results: Students perceived that e-portfolios were highly beneficial for consistently documenting activities during clinical practice, when compared to paper-based portfolios (mean±standard deviation [SD]=2.60±1.22). However, the least rated aspect was that e-portfolios require less time than paper-based portfolios (mean±SD=1.80±1.14). Additionally, among the various clinical practice courses using e-portfolios, the highest satisfaction was observed with the fewest content items in the e-portfolio. Conclusion: To maximize the potential benefits of e-portfolios, improvements in implementation and usability are essential. Additionally, for effective utilization of e-portfolios in clinical practice, it is necessary to clearly define students’ required competencies and ultimate goals, and structure content accordingly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many river systems within the Central Valley of California have been disconnected from their floodplains, hypothesized to be partially responsible for declining Chinook salmon populations (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The primary floodplain of the system, Yolo By‐Pass (known regionally as "Yolo Bypass"), offered an opportunity to examine whether improved connectivity between the floodplain and river could limit negative climate change effects on salmon populations. Specifically, the top of the floodplain (Fremont Weir) is being modified to provide Sacramento River Chinook salmon better access to floodplain rearing habitat. We estimated restoration effects on the Yolo By‐Pass flood regime now and under future climate scenarios using flow rating curves. Additionally, we used temperature and flow‐specific effects on Chinook salmon population dynamics within the Yolo By‐Pass and Sacramento River complex to describe how the restoration project and climate change may interact to affect juvenile Chinook salmon biomass production. Our results indicate that the Fremont Weir restoration project will extend the frequency, timing, and duration of Yolo By‐Pass flooding. Our production model indicates that the modification will result in greater salmon entrainment rates into the Yolo By‐Pass, where salmon growth rates, survival rates, and biomass production were higher when compared to the Sacramento River main stem. The project appears to benefit all regional runs of Chinook salmon, which should help support life history diversity. Our results suggest that the weir modification should benefit native fish from the Central Valley that use floodplain habitat and that these benefits may be resilient to challenges created by a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value at risk (VaR) is a quantitative measure used to evaluate the risk linked to the potential loss of investment or capital. Estimation of the VaR entails the quantification of prospective losses in a portfolio of investments, using a certain likelihood, under normal market conditions within a specific time period. The objective of this article is to construct a model and estimate the VaR for a diversified portfolio consisting of multiple cash commodity positions driven by standard Brownian motions and jump processes. Subsequently, a thorough analytical estimation of the VaR is conducted for the proposed model. The results are then applied to two distinct commodities—corn and soybean—enabling a comprehensive comparison of the VaR values in the presence and absence of jumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The the current views of less-than full-time (LTFT) training by both LTFT and full-time (FT) doctors in training, with regards to health and well-being, clinical and non-clinical opportunities, in addition to associated future workforce implications and challenges, are uncertain. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of UK-based doctors in training via an online questionnaire, designed and piloted by the Royal College of Physicians Edinburgh (RCPE) Trainees and Members Committee. Design was informed by prior investigation into LTFT training undertaken amongst similar populations by RCPE in 2019. The survey was distributed from May to September 2023 via email to trainees across the United Kingdom and was open to all specialties and training grades. The survey focused on lived experience of both LTFT and FT training, as well as perceived challenges for the future workforce. Results: There were 648 responses from doctors in training across the United Kingdom, with an even spread of LTFT and FT trainees. Most responses (53%) were from trainees in medical specialties. Most LTFT trainees plan to train at this pace for more than 5 years. LTFT was commonly linked to improved work–life balance and well-being, with FT training perceived to feature high stress and burnout. Concerns around LTFT relate to administrative errors, reduced training opportunities and colleague prejudice. Trainees are concerned about LTFT leading to rota gaps and incoherent workforce planning around training numbers. Conclusion: With ever-increasing popularity in LTFT training, flexible and robust long-term workforce planning is necessary for the system to adapt to a new normal and improve retention of doctors in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to assess portfolio studies in science education in Turkey. The mixed-meta method, which comprises meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis methods, was used to assess quantitative and qualitative data through document analysis. Studies retrieved from certain databases within the scope of specific criteria were examined with the CMA and MetaWin tools for meta-analysis, and the effect size was found to be as great as g = 1.005 among the 17 studies included in the analysis. It was concluded that the usage of portfolios in science teaching has a good effect. 13 studies based on document analysis within the framework of the determined criteria were assessed with the Maxqda program using content analysis in the meta-thematic analysis. Themes were created, and certain codes were obtained according to these themes. These are the following themes: the effect of portfolios on academic achievement, classroom environment, and 21st-century skills; negative aspects of using portfolios; and recommendations for using portfolios in science education. It has been concluded that the research findings are consistent, and the usage of portfolios in science education has a favorable impact in a variety of ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the multivariate stochastic orders of upper orthants, lower orthants and positive quadrant dependence (PQD) among simple max-stable distributions and their exponent measures. It is shown for each order that it holds for the max-stable distribution if and only if it holds for the corresponding exponent measure. The finding is non-trivial for upper orthants (and hence PQD order). From dimension d ≥ 3 these three orders are not equivalent and a variety of phenomena can occur. However, every simple max-stable distribution PQD-dominates the corresponding independent model and is PQD-dominated by the fully dependent model. Among parametric models the asymmetric Dirichlet family and the Hüsler-Reiß family turn out to be PQD-ordered according to the natural order within their parameter spaces. For the Hüsler-Reiß family this holds true even for the supermodular order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Bio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts. We find different dynamics of deployment until 2045: for CO2 removal rates from the atmosphere, natural sink enhancement concepts are characterised by gradually increasing rates, followed by a saturation and potentially a decrease after few decades; forest-related measures ramp up slowly and for construction projects and bioenergy plants, annually constant removal rates are assumed during operation which drop to zero afterwards. The expenses for removing 1 t CO2 from the atmosphere were found to be between 8 and 520 € t CO2 −1, which arises from high divergence both in capital and operational expenditures among the concepts. This high variability of expenses seems to suggest the more cost-effective concepts should be implemented first. However, aspects from economics, resource base and environmental impacts to social and political implications for Germany need to be considered for developing implementation strategies. All concepts investigated could be deployed on scales to significantly contribute to the German climate neutrality target.

Portfolio formation is one of the strategies that investors can do to get the best results Portfolio formation can use the Downside Deviation method. The optimal portfolio with this method uses downside deviation and sets the return below the benchmark as a measure of risk. Every optimal portfolio certainly cannot be separated from risk. To measure risk, you can use the Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall values. This study aims to form an optimal portfolio using the Downside Deviation method and continued by comparing the possible losses that occur from the formed portfolio using the VaR and Expected Shortfall values. The data used in this study is the daily closing price data of LQ-45 Index stocks in the banking sector in the period February-June 2023. From the stock data, data selection is carried out by selecting stocks that have a positive expected return and are normally distributed. Then, the optimal portfolio formation stage is continued using the Downside Deviation method and comparing the possible risks formed with the VaR and Expected Shortfall values. The results of this study show that the optimal portfolio with the Downside Deviation method consists of four stocks, namely with the stock codes BRIS.JK, BBRI.JK, BBNI.JK, and BBCA.JK. This study uses a case example by investing capital of Rp100,000,000 with a one-day time period and three levels of confidence, namely 90%, 95%, and 99%. Based on the comparison of the risk value of the portfolio formed using VaR and Expected Shortfall, it is shown that the possible risk with the Expected Shortfall method is greater than the VaR value. Therefore, Expected Shortfall is better in estimating the maximum risk.

‎Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology widely used for evaluating the relative performance of portfolios under a mean–variance framework‎. ‎However‎, ‎there has been little discussion of whether nonlinear models best suit this purpose‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎when using DEA linear models‎, ‎the portfolio efficiency obtained is not comparable to those on the efficient portfolio frontier‎. ‎This is because a separable piecewise linear boundary usually below the efficient frontier is considered the efficient frontier‎, ‎so the model does not fully explore the possibility of portfolio benchmarks‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎and with use of the dual-Lagrangian function‎, ‎we propose a linear model under a mean–variance framework to evaluate better the performance of portfolios relative to those on the efficient frontier‎.

Abstract Background Mentorship training programs demand a paradigm shift from theory-driven to hands-on practical approach with prioritization of preparation of mentors and mentees for their roles through self-awareness and targeted professional development planning. There is a lack of evidence generated from the health professions education institutions of global south regarding effectiveness of workshops in fostering mentorship culture. Methods This mixed method study with convergent parallel design was conducted through a collaborative mentoring workshop; “Faculty Mentoring-Building stronger by digging deeper” by Aga khan University Medical College, Karachi and University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Objective of the research was to emphasize the importance of faculty mentoring program, roles and responsibilities of mentors and mentees and perception of the participants regarding the associated role of institutions. It aimed to educate faculty members to develop personal development plans for becoming effective mentors and mentees. The demographic data was collected before the workshop, during the workshop data was collected from SWOT analysis, followed by goal settings and the action plans made by participants at the end. Post workshop online feedback was acquired by a questionnaire to comprehend participants’ educational attainment. Association between quantitative findings was done through ANOVA, while the qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Results Total of 37 faculty members participated in the hands-on workshop. All faculty equally perceived the workshop as satisfactory and reported that hands-on practice led to positive experience of setting clear goals and action plans in developing oneself both as mentor and mentee. Themes identified were; Faculty Mentorship Program, Personal development Plan of Mentors and Mentees and Building Positive Mentor-Mentee Relationships. Voluntary structured program, choice of more than one faculty mentor and portfolio development based on personal SWOT was recommended by participants for the success of formal mentoring programs. Conclusion Medical Faculty of Pakistani Universities at all career levels is interested in development of formal mentoring programs in their universities. Formal training for the same is also recommended by the participants. Institutions should cultivate a culture of mentorship that supports the professional growth and success of academics for cultivating the minds that are in turn shaping our future generations.

Investors face a basic dilemma during a financial crisis i.e., whether to exit and re-enter or to continue with the existing set of positions. The timing of entry and exit plays a crucial role in determining the rate of returns generated by a portfolio. Thus, the problem faced by investors during a crisis is whether to exit or to continue and how to determine the timing of exit if the first option is chosen. This research paper attempts to find solutions to the problems faced by investors. The research paper focuses on addressing the parameters used to determine the exit and re-entry and the time factor associated with it. A timely entry in the right stocks will lead to a good return on the portfolio. The research paper is an attempt to determine the factor by which rate of return is affected if the norms of timely entry and exit are followed. The team of researchers has identified two specific times in the history of financial markets when the fall in the markets was considerable and led to a lot of confusion amongst investors. These two times are the case studies for comparison: The first one is the sub-prime lending crisis in 2008-09 and the second one is the fall due to COVID-19 in 2019-20. These two events underline the fact that decision making in the financial markets is a very subjective domain and the returns are dependent on the system followed by the investors.

Advanced practice is well established in the health professions with multiprofessional capabilities in place in England. To recognise achievement of these capabilities an ePortfolio (supported) route was initiated in 2022. This study aimed to review the demographics and experiences of radiographers applying for recognition in the first year of operation. The multi method evaluation consisted of quantitative data analysis of information regarding the first three cohorts of radiographers (n = 40) participating in the NHS England (NHSE) scheme. Interviews with 12 participants was undertaken with thematic analysis of the transcripts. Self-rated scores of expertise were significantly higher by therapeutic radiographers (n = 8) compared to their 32 diagnostic colleagues (t = 5.556; p < 0.01). Radiographers saw the ePortfolio as an opportunity to validate their experience and to evidence parity with other professions. Participants felt the process also enabled critical reflection and gave unseen insight into themselves and their roles. The support of experienced educational supervisors was felt to be vital in this process and for successful completion of portfolio. Several radiographers have now achieved the necessary standards to achieve NHSE recognition. The evaluation exposed that most radiographers did not have the relevant evidence to hand and the ongoing collection of evidence around capabilities and impact is critical to evidencing advanced practice capabilities. Radiographers are able to achieve the capabilities expected for multiprofessional practice. Cultural change is required to normalise recording of evidence within practice including case-based discussions, clinical supervision and feedback from colleagues and patients. The support of an experienced educational supervisor aided the critical reflection on practice level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to compare Active and Passive Investment Strategies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2013-2024 Using the Magic Formula Method introduced by Joel Greenblatt (2010), which is then optimized again using the Single Index Model. Magic formula is a simple stock selection strategy by sorting stocks based on Return on Capital (ROC) and Earning Yield (EY). The shares to be selected are included in the Kompas100 Index. The selected shares have also been listed on the stock exchange for a minimum of 18 months. Shares included in financial shares will be eliminated. The next step is to select 20 shares to be formed into a Portfolio based on the top ranking of the ROC and EY scores, these 20 shares will be optimized using the Single Index Model method. For active strategies, rebalancing will be carried out every year, while for passive strategies, buy and hold will be carried out. The results of this active strategy will be compared with passive strategies and IHSG. Portfolio measurement will be carried out in 4 ways, namely: return, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen Alpha. The return from the optimized Magic Formula shows a value of 217.04%, higher than the original Magic Formula return of 43.43% and the passive strategy of 35.04% and the IHSG return of 47%, but the final research results of the portfolio show measurements based on return, ratio Sharpe, and Treynor ratios were not significantly different, being significantly different only from Jensen Alpha measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The core objective of financial management is to maximize the wealth of shareholders. The dividend relevance and irrelevance and its role in firm's value have always been a conflicting debate in the area of corporate finance while investors always look for securities of the highest expected return at a given level of risk. The objective of the current study is to empirically investigate the riskadjusted performance of 12 portfolios of dividend exposure and no-dividend exposure according to size and market-to-book value. The data of companies listed in PSX was utilised from 2014 to 2022. The portfolio performance was analyzed with the Sharpe Ratio, Jensen alpha and Treynor ratio with the Python pandas library. The findings of the study reported that absolute risk is lower for dividend-paying stocks with CV(5.6%) than non-dividend-paying stocks with CV(6.45%), further, the relative risk measure have a significant value of ß (0.9) for non-dividend-paying portfolios in comparison to blend portfolio ß(0.7) and dividend-paying portfolio ß(0.8) highlighting that lowest systematic risk for blend portfolio of stocks. The originality of the studies is to explore the volatility of portfolios in the perspective of the emerging economy of Pakistan. The findings are of great importance to investors, and fund managers, to efficiently allocate funds for optimal returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nankai Business Review is the property of Nankai Business Review Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investors in the financial markets must deal with various hazards, for which they must create prudent investment portfolios and risk management plans. A multi-objective optimisation approach is proposed using the root algorithm to create a multi-objective root system growth model based on many clusters. An investment risk management optimisation model based on root system growth is built into the study using distributed decision-making. To create a multi-objective root algorithm-based portfolio optimisation model, the Markowitz mean-variance model and a multi-objective root algorithm are employed. According to the findings, the multi-group multi-objective root system method has a real Pareto frontier solution that is more accessible, has a faster convergence rate, and has lower fitness values. The root algorithm's solutions are workable, and the final risk values of 0.0105, 0.0082, and 0.4623 for the 2, 4, and 6 investment objectives are all in the low-risk class range. The optimal set of solutions discovered by the algorithm had better distributivity and convergence. The Hypervolume values for the multi-group multi-objective root algorithm were 5.5298 and 3.9628 for the dual-objective portfolio and the tri-objective portfolio of investment return costs, respectively. The findings of this study can guide the development of portfolio and risk management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcripts and testamurs serve to confirm the award of a degree but offer limited information on what a student can actually do. This conceptual paper considers the problem of how graduate achievements are represented by universities in typically reductive and limited ways that do not enable student achievements and distinctiveness to be communicated to future employers, communities and students themselves. It argues that refinements to existing methods for the design and development of assessment are needed to encompass both university validated and contextualised credentials along with student-constructed portrayals of achievement and personas. Significant change is needed to assessment design, data capture and storage and the ways in which learning outcomes are tracked across a program and over time. Innovations in assessment representation should strengthen employer trust in the value of degrees, student trust in assessment processes and scaffold student agency in curating their employability narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comparative analysis of the investment performance of eight portfolio strategies in the Taiwan stock market utilizes monthly data from Taiwan-listed companies from 1990 to 2021; the portfolio for each year comprises the top 100 companies based on market capitalization. Setting aside the equally and value-weighted portfolio strategies, the six strategies remaining are grounded in the mean-variance framework, fundamental index model, predictive blends model, and single-index model, respectively. Employing the rolling-window method, we compute the following monthly out-of-sample performance metrics for the portfolios: average excess return, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, certainty equivalent return (CER), single-year cumulative returns, and value-at-risk. Portfolio weights are determined using a five-year estimation period and remain fixed (buy and hold) during the sixth year. In addition to scrutinizing the portfolios’ performance on a yearly basis, we also assess their cumulative long-term performance over multiple years. We investigate the impact of stock market fluctuations on various investment strategies, considering periods of boom and bust as a test of robustness. We posit here that CER, rather than the Sharpe ratio, is a suitable performance measurement index. We further explore the influence of portfolio diversification on investment performance. Generally, our findings suggest an inverse relationship between investment performance and the HHI, indicating that diversification tends to enhance investment performance while mitigating investment risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tournament theory analyzes labor market outcomes where rewards are distributed on the basis of relative rank. An important factor in these outcomes is the likely return to additional effort. Using National Basketball Association game event data across two seasons, we estimate each team's game player portfolio and find that teams who were in contention to win the draft lottery reduce their portfolio's return differential during the 2017–2018 season but not for the 2018–2019 season. We attribute the change to the reduction in the probability of obtaining a higher pick for the 2019 draft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe this new evaluation experience with portfolio in economics, not only from the teacher's point of view but from the student perspective, and all the learning from its implementation; to provide ideas of evaluation practices in virtual and face-to-face modality in international business education; to motivate the rethinking of assessment practices in higher education to combine the best of each modality in the future. Design/methodology/approach: The present work is a case study based on a qualitative description of the implementation of a portfolio as an assessment practice, supported by a reflection questionnaire with students' perceptions and some elements of metacognition. The first section summarizes the literature used as a theoretical framework of this work. The second section describes the portfolio implementation by analyzing teachers and students reflections with a qualitative approach. The third section presents the findings. The fourth section is a discussion of findings, practical implications, limitations and future research directions. Finally, the conclusions of the work are shared. Findings: Because the portfolio has had overwhelming results to assess what students have learned during the pandemic, it has become the learning and assessment tool after the pandemic, as it transforms the classes experience by shifting the focus from traditional examinations to more comprehensive, personalized and reflective ones. It also empowers students to take ownership of their learning, develop essential skills and cultivate a deeper understanding. Among other benefits, the portfolio means the creation of a safe and supportive environment for honest reflection, the development and design of strategic directions to improve learning and lead students toward metacognitive autonomy. Reflection pieces, a critical component of the portfolio, are a vital tool in the proactive learning process, as through reflection students learn to examine their own performance and discuss strategies to enhance their success in future work. Research limitations/implications: This work began as an educational experience per se, not for research purposes, which caused it to be systematized and reconstructed in a descriptive way, not to measure quantitative results. In this way, the present work describes that the portfolio helps to achieve better results on students' learning than traditional examinations but, as another limitation, it does not measure them nor the process. One more limitation of this work is that it was written in a postpandemic context but was implemented during the pandemic; therefore, the circumstances of writing are not the same as those of implementation, and this could also entail a certain margin of decontextualization. At the same time, this is an experience that is still in process and continually being adapted to this changed and changing educational postpandemic context. Practical implications: One of the main implications of the portfolio experience, transferable to all educational contexts, is that it transforms the final exam into a metacognitive one, letting students be aware of their own process of learning and results – objectives and competences – acquired. In this way, it lets teachers witness a part of the learning process that is not so evident in the traditional assessment practices – focused on some aspect of the learning – as it makes visible the way in which students receive, process and apply content, that is to say, how they make it their own. Social implications: The portfolio promotes reflective learning and metacognition, vital skills that benefit students beyond the classroom. This can have a positive impact on societal attitudes toward education and the quality of learning. Of the students, 82% felt the portfolio creation was helpful in their personal and professional lives, suggesting a broader societal impact. The paper's findings contribute to the body of knowledge about the effectiveness of portfolio-based assessment in higher education, especially in the worldwide transition from online education to postpandemic education. This could guide future studies in similar educational contexts or with different pedagogical innovative tools. Originality/value: In light of the 2020 pandemic lockdown, this work delves into the pressing need for educators to adapt and modify their teaching approaches. The relevance of this study is accentuated by the worldwide transition from online education to postpandemic education. This paper bridges the gap between theory and practice because the research can be applied to the educational practice of any international business education context, as well as lay the foundations for future research in the field that contributes to increasing evidence of the effectiveness of the use of the portfolio to achieve significant and deep learning in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The portfolio is a vital component of the evaluation of principals and serves as a repository of evidence of achievements, skills, and capabilities. It facilitates the meticulous recording and documentation of experiences undertaken. Furthermore, the portfolio is instrumental in the refinement of conceptual ideas over time, while simultaneously offering a panoramic vista of a school's operational ethos and its alignment with professional benchmarks. Objective: This study delves into the practices surrounding the principal portfolio and the formative and summative evaluation of principals by their evaluating supervisors. It aims to uncover principals’ perceptions regarding the obligatory nature of portfolios and other evaluative methodologies throughout both assessments. In light of the pivotal role that portfolios occupy in the realm of professional development and evaluation for school principals, the Abu Dhabi Education Council has mandated the compilation of principal portfolios within public schools. This mandate requires a detailed accounting of principals' proficiencies, achievements, and developmental trajectories. Markedly, this exploration stands as one of a scant number of inquiries probing the application of portfolios by school principals, with a particular focus on the context of the United Arab Emirates. It is poised to enrich the discourse on the utility of portfolios as instrumental tools for fostering leadership acumen and evaluative competency within the spheres of educator and principal preparation over the preceding two decades. The critical examination of these practices is vital for a nuanced understanding of their operational dynamics, the efficacy and challenges of e-portfolios, the array of opportunities they unveil, the identities of the involved stakeholders, and their ultimate objectives. Methods: This study adopted a qualitative research approach to gather and analyze non-numerical data in the form of concepts, opinions, and experiences presented by principals and their supervisors within the Al-Ain School District (overseen by the Abu Dhabi Education Council)). The cohort of participants comprised nine individuals endowed with extensive portfolio experience, six principals and three cluster managers. All worked in public educational institutions and were meticulously selected based on predefined criteria. This study relied on several data collection methods to obtain participants’ perspectives on their experiences with portfolio practices, including face-to-face interviews and documents from their portfolios. Results: A thematic analysis of the participant data yielded five salient themes reflecting the experiences of the principals: (1) inconsistent expectations for portfolio evidence; (2) portfolios summoned in response to rising tensions at the summative evaluation; (3) portfolios promoting reflective practices in formative evaluation; (4) portfolios susceptible to manipulation or falsification; and (5) excessive time spent building and developing portfolios. In order to maximize the utility of portfolios, this result invites school principals to unleash the latent potential inherent in their actions by leveraging portfolios as mirrors for reflective leadership and ongoing self-assessment. Conclusions: This research delineates both practical and theoretical ramifications for the application of professional portfolios. It elucidates the nature of evidence principals ought to incorporate within their portfolios. Furthermore, it endeavors to better inform principals of the evidence collection process, including what artifacts and documentation to gather and how to do so.

Background and purpose: Students often express confusion and dissatisfaction with the current internship structure for their master's degree in geriatric health. They feel the lack of clear evaluation criteria and a portfolio system to track their progress. Additionally, the field is relatively new, and traditional teaching methods may not be optimal. This study aimed to design and implement a portfolio based on problem-based learning (PBL) for the geriatric health master's internship program. We also evaluated student satisfaction with this approach. Materials and methods: This semi-experimental quantitative study was conducted in 2024. The stages of conducting the research included designing, implementing, and evaluating the level of satisfaction of students from the portfolio and comparing it with the traditional method. In this way, after designing and compiling the portfolio in problem-based learning, during the implementation phase of the internship program, all the students in the internship unit in the field of elderly health, who were ten people, were randomly divided into two groups: control (five people) and test (five people) were divided and during 12 weeks they passed the training course using the traditional method (control group) and the portfolio method (test group) It was implemented and the internship scores were announced for the students of each group. In the third step, to measure the level of satisfaction of students, the two mentioned methods of a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and questions related to the level of satisfaction of students were used. After collecting the research data, they were entered into SPSS-26 software, and independent t-tests and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the level of satisfaction of the two groups due to the normality of the data. Results: The average age (standard deviation) of the control and test groups was 35.4 (8.56) and 33.6 (8.08) years, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, grade point average, gender distribution, or marital status. The mean (standard deviation) of overall satisfaction scores for the control and test groups was 26.8 (8.1) and 35.8 (2.28), respectively. The independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in overall satisfaction between the two groups (t=2.38, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that geriatric health master's students find the PBL portfolio method more satisfying than the traditional internship approach. Students in the PBL group reported higher motivation and felt a stronger connection between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Therefore, incorporating the PBL portfolio method into geriatric health and other medical science internship programs is recommended. Notably, this is the first study to explore this method with geriatric health students. A limitation is the small sample size. Future research should involve a larger and more diverse student population across multiple universities.

Grace E Fox,1 Mark Bernauer,1 Jennifer M Stephens,1 Bianca Jackson,1 Joshua A Roth,2 Ahmed Shelbaya2,3 1Strategic Market Access, OPEN Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; 2Global Access and Value, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA; 3Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Mark Bernauer, Strategic Market Access, OPEN Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Tel +1 240 821-1292, Email markbernauer@openhealthgroup.comPurpose: While the value of individual biosimilars is evident, little is known about the value of a biosimilar portfolio beyond the cost savings between biosimilars and originators. Stakeholders may consider the value of a manufacturer’s biosimilar portfolio, especially when negotiating portfolio-based contracts or other rebate programs. However, little is known about what other types of value, in addition to financial benefits, decision-makers perceive regarding a manufacturer with a biosimilar portfolio compared to those without one. The objective of this integrative literature review was to describe a conceptual framework consisting of themes that may help define the value of a biosimilar portfolio.Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Grey literature searches of search engines, journals not indexed in Embase or MEDLINE, healthcare payers, health technology assessment bodies, value frameworks, and non-pharmaceutical industry analogs were also conducted. Eligible studies reported on the value of a biosimilar portfolio in decision-making by stakeholders. Apart from the literature, insights were gained from clinical experience and observation.Results: No studies investigating biosimilar portfolio value were identified; however, several themes were identified that may help define the value of a biosimilar portfolio: Manufacturing; procurement, inventory, and storage; administration; education; and transaction costs. Several non-pharmaceutical industry analogs were identified: Product line length and single-supplier versus multiple-supplier procurement. Several themes were identified through other sources: Science credibility and research. Based on these themes, we developed a conceptual framework for biosimilar portfolio value.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically assess and create a framework for biosimilar portfolio value. The conceptual framework described here could be tested to quantify the clinical and economic value associated with a biosimilar portfolio.Plain Language Summary: Though the value of single biosimilars is evident, little is known about the value of a biosimilar portfolio beyond the cost savings incurred between biosimilars and originators.We identified seven themes that may help to define the value of a biosimilar portfolio: Manufacturing; procurement, inventory, and storage; administration; education; transaction costs; science credibility; and research.These themes may be integrated into a conceptual framework that may form a basis to help quantify the clinical and economic benefit of a biosimilar portfolio to stakeholders.Keywords: biosimilar, portfolio, value, analog

The interplay between various industrial groups plays a crucial role in determining the optimal investment portfolio for investors. Identifying which group carries or accepts risk within a specific time period and performance range allows for necessary adjustments in the investor's portfolio to achieve maximum returns. In this regard, the present study examines the impact of banking, automotive, cement, basic metals, and petroleum products groups on a symmetric, positive, and negative performance basis from January 5, 2015, to February 17, 2023. The results of the study indicate that in recent years, the overall index of these mentioned groups has shown more negative performance than positive performance. Moreover, banks and basic metals have acted as guiding and risk-transferring entities to other groups. On the other hand, the automotive and petroleum products groups have been risk-accepting, and their performance can be explained by the two groups of banks and basic metals.Keywords: Asymmetric TVP-VAR, Portfolio, Return, Base Metals, Bank, Tehran Stock Exchange.JEL Classification: G01, G11, G17, G32.

Important socio-technical changes are increasingly being implemented through major programmes or portfolios of projects (Maylor et al., 2006). These interventions, while necessary for modernisation and the green transition, cause short-term disruption which generates discord and opposition impacting stakeholder perception. The long-term sustainable transformation of rail transportation infrastructure toward electrification, greater speed, digital signalling, creates great benefit in terms of energy and carbon efficiency, reliability, and punctuality, but the short-term disruption caused by the projects can reduce the attractiveness of this mode of transport. This paper reports findings from an embedded case study with the Danish national railway infrastructure owner and analyses how the leadership team uses distributed leadership as a dynamic process of project and portfolio shaping which internalises diverse external perspectives and reconciles competing objectives. Using the “Tesseract” four-dimensional model of project success Ika and Pinto (2022a)to frame these competing interests, this paper presents a model of how distributed leadership shapes the railway project portfolio through the considerations of coherence, disruption, and benefit.

Introduction: Portfolio with a collection of evidence has become popular in higher education, including dental education. It is valuable to study the experiences of the use and implementation processes. Meta‐ethnography can be a suitable method to analyse, synthesize and construct interpretations of qualitative research. Our aim was to explore experiences from the use of a portfolio/e‐portfolio in dental education, from the students' and teachers' perspectives. Materials and Methods: A systematic search in the databases PubMed, Scopus and ERC was performed, and the established seven steps of a meta‐ethnographic review were used. 278 papers were initially identified, and seven were included in the final analysis. Results: Two themes (Issues to Address and Consequences) and five subthemes (Purpose, Roles, Support and Structure, Challenges and Enablers, and Gains) were constructed. Discussion: Our synthesis reflects various challenges, yet the learning gains are recognized and expressed to be important once the students and teachers have overcome early thresholds. Beyond the conclusions drawn in each paper, our synthesis provides new perspectives on the complexity of an implementation process and the balance of not seeing the woods for the trees being overwhelmed by technical and other practical aspects, reducing the opportunity for learning. Conclusion: The portfolio implementation in undergraduate dental education should address clarification to all stakeholders of the purpose and role, presenting a purposeful portfolio structure and timely support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Students often express confusion and dissatisfaction with the current internship structure for their master's degree in geriatric health. They feel the lack of clear evaluation criteria and a portfolio system to track their progress. Additionally, the field is relatively new, and traditional teaching methods may not be optimal. This study aimed to design and implement a portfolio based on problem-based learning (PBL) for the geriatric health master's internship program. We also evaluated student satisfaction with this approach. Materials and methods: This semi-experimental quantitative study was conducted in 2024. The stages of conducting the research included designing, implementing, and evaluating the level of satisfaction of students from the portfolio and comparing it with the traditional method. In this way, after designing and compiling the portfolio in problem-based learning, during the implementation phase of the internship program, all the students in the internship unit in the field of elderly health, who were ten people, were randomly divided into two groups: control (five people) and test (five people) were divided and during 12 weeks they passed the training course using the traditional method (control group) and the portfolio method (test group) It was implemented and the internship scores were announced for the students of each group. In the third step, to measure the level of satisfaction of students, the two mentioned methods of a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and questions related to the level of satisfaction of students were used. After collecting the research data, they were entered into SPSS-26 software, and independent t-tests and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the level of satisfaction of the two groups due to the normality of the data. Results: The average age (standard deviation) of the control and test groups was 35.4 (8.56) and 33.6 (8.08) years, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, grade point average, gender distribution, or marital status. The mean (standard deviation) of overall satisfaction scores for the control and test groups was 26.8 (8.1) and 35.8 (2.28), respectively. The independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in overall satisfaction between the two groups (t=2.38, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that geriatric health master's students find the PBL portfolio method more satisfying than the traditional internship approach. Students in the PBL group reported higher motivation and felt a stronger connection between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Therefore, incorporating the PBL portfolio method into geriatric health and other medical science internship programs is recommended. Notably, this is the first study to explore this method with geriatric health students. A limitation is the small sample size. Future research should involve a larger and more diverse student population across multiple universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to identify the best IT project to invest in? Investing means spending resources with the intention of obtaining future benefits. Can this evaluation be done in a sustained way that minimizes the failure of a wrong choice and, therefore, some way to guarantee those benefits? This study intends to help answer these questions by building a decision-making tool, based on the existing multipurpose and adapting it to the reality of the IT Project Portfolio. The tool design is based on an in-depth analysis of IT projects, valuing their tangible and intangible characteristics to facilitate the organization's management or decision-makers. Following an inductive thinking, the real decision making matrices shall be dissected to establish a future generalization in the form of a new tool to be applied to a specific scenario. A mixed strategy will be adopted (quantitative strategy to establish cause-effect relationships and qualitative strategy to understand the intangible factors associated with IT projects). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical education is an important part of medical education. Clinical education aims to equip medical students with the clinical skills and knowledge necessary to become competent doctors. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of portfolios as self-reflection as an assessment tool in clinical education. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection technique in this study was a literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that portfolios can be used as an effective selfreflection and assessment tool in clinical education. Portfolios can help medical students to learn more effectively, to improve the link between theory and practice, and to improve communication and cooperation between students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]