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Analyzing the SARS data can provide insights into the severe form of COVID-19, contributing to short, medium, and long-term pandemic response planning. The virus entered Brazilian through air travel, spreading via airport connections. The spatial diffusion of COVID-19 transmission is linked to the territorial division of labor (referring to characteristic daily activities), as reflected in the urban hierarchical network, which serves as a framework for analyzing COVID-19 transmission. This analysis covers mobility aspects such as density, connectivity and the movement of people at different scales. The objective is to evaluate the transmission of SARS and COVID-19 in the state of Rondônia, Western Amazon, between 2020 and 2021, using geoprocessing techniques for spatiotemporal analysis. Maps depicting the urban hierarchy (understood as cities organized by size, from smallest to largest) of the municipalities of Rondônia, along with SARS incidence rates and their standard deviation, were created using QGIS program, version 2.18.20. Spatiotemporal analysis was conducted using Kulldorff statistics to identify clusters of SARS cases in each municipality. A higher concentration of SARS rates was observed in municipalities in the northwestern part of the state. Six spatiotemporal clusters were identified, but no clear pattern of spatial distribution was observed. The spatial diffusion of COVID-19 transmission is linked to the territorial division of labor (i.e., the spatial classification based on the predominant economic activity in each area), as evidenced by the urban hierarchical network, which serves as a reference for analyzing COVID-19 transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Genetic variants play a pathophysiological role in headaches, especially in migraine. The Mennonite group (MG) has been geographically and genetically isolated throughout its history, harboring a distinctive distribution of diseases.

Objective: To analyze the behavior of pesticide poisoning in rural and urban populations associated with lethality in Colombia during 2007-2017. Methodology: Retrospective observational study that included: a descriptive cross-sectional study and an ecological design that analyzed aggregate measures of morbidity, mortality and risk attributable to the population in rural and urban areas. In the cross-sectional study, the relative risk was estimated to measure the factors associated with lethality among intoxications using Poisson regression with logarithmic function. For the time series, the trends were established with simple linear regression and the seasonal decomposition was performed using the multiplicative model. Autocorrelations were tested using the Box-Ljung statistic. Results: Between 2007-2017; 89 490 cases were reported. The Morbidity due to poisoning showed a higher proportion in the rural population 36.03 cases per 100 000; this indicator was three times higher than in urban areas (12,33 cases per 100 000). The mortality rates in rural and urban areas were 1,00 and 0,13 cases per 100 000, respectively. The relative risk of fatality in case of intoxication was associated with the intention of suicide in the rural population RR: 5.9 (95% CI: 5.0-6.9). Conclusion: A higher proportion of lethality associated with these events occurred in populations living in rural areas and reporting cases of suicidal intent. In addition, morbidity and mortality due to pesticide poisoning had the highest proportion in rural areas and a growing trend over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article analyzes the strategies for guarantying urban rights, such as housing, public space, mobility, and metropolitan government, implemented by the municipalities that constitute the Rionegro Agglomeration--Rionegro, Marinilla, La Ceja, Guarne, and El Carmen de Viboral-- in the eastern subregion of Antioquia through its development plans and territorial organization in force between 2014 and 2018. The latter is explored through a comparative method that allows verifying that in the face of an agglomeration phenomenon, municipalities are not cooperation and coordination that would enable guaranteeing citizens' demands and rights beyond political-administrative limits mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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RESUMO Aglomerados populacionais em ocupações urbanas revelam desigualdades sociais, condições desfavoráveis de habitação e saúde, com impactos negativos na qualidade de vida. Contexto desafiador, dada a relação entre condições de moradia, de vida e de saúde, faz-se essencial a legitimação de direitos e deveres sociais dos indivíduos. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção dos moradores de ocupação urbana sobre ‘empoderamento’ em saúde. Pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa sobre a percepção dos moradores da ocupação urbana Eliana Silva II (ES), em Belo Horizonte (MG), acerca do ‘empoderamento’ em saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu após aprovação nos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Utilizou-se roteiro semiestruturado de entrevista. A amostra totalizou nove participantes residentes na ocupação, com mais de 18 anos de idade e, pelo menos, um ano de residência. A análise, à luz do referencial de Bardin, evidenciou duas categorias temáticas: Saúde e determinação social: reconhecendo as influências sobre a saúde das pessoas; Protagonizando a própria história: o movimento de luta em busca da garantia dos direitos à saúde. Para que as necessidades dos moradores da ocupação estejam na pauta de prioridade do governo, faz-se necessário mobilizar. A luta para conquista e garantia dos direitos é fundamental.

Objective. Identify mechanisms reported in primary health care (PHC) interventions in rural and marginal urban populations from 1997 to 2019. Methods. A scoping review was used to identify the literature. The literature search was conducted using the Medline (PubMed and Ovid), Global Health, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Lilacs databases. Inclusion criteria considered literature on primary intervention and observational studies using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods. Articles in English, Portuguese, and Spanish published from 1997 to 2019 were included. Rayyan QCRI was used for definitive document selection; sources of information from gray literature or research in progress were excluded. Results. At the individual level, three groups of mechanisms were identified: levels of relationships between interventions and subjects, transformations that can occur in individuals, and reciprocal relationships. At the institutional level, mechanisms were related to temporality, money, power relations, trust relations, the health system, expectations, and administrative conditions. Conclusions. Individual mechanisms are similar in different contexts. Institutional mechanisms are susceptible to variations in context and are expressed in terms of temporality, economic resources, power and trust relations, the health system, expectations, and administrative conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: sonic pollution, as part of environmental pollution, has very specific characteristics that differentiate it from other types of pollution; despite its risk, it does not adopt the appropriate care. Objective: obtain the perception of the inhabitants of fenced in Ica, in Peru, about environmental noise. Materials and methods: it was carried out with a quantitative approach, by applying a structured survey to a sample of 383 people of both sexes with ages between 18 and 60 years and a medium-low-poverty socioeconomic level. An information collection instrument based on a survey was applied, through a questionnaire with dichotomous answer questions (YES, NO), with questions about: how they perceive noise, whether they suffered from noise nuisance and whether measures are taken to mitigate the noise. noise effect. In addition, the noise level was measured on the day between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p. m, using a sound level meter. Results: It was obtained that the noise level exceeds the maximum limit for urban areas according to Peruvian legislation (> 60 dB) and all the age groups studied state that they perceive such noise. Conclusions: Those who mostly perceive noise are the elderly and people with a lower level of education, as well as those who have lived in the area for more than 5 years. On the other hand, young people perceive greater discomfort and adults are the ones who take the greatest mitigating measures to minimize the effects of noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to narrate the experience of the residents of barrio Escalante, located in district El Carmen in the capital San José of Costa Rica. This settlement dates from the first half of the 20th century and in the last decade it goes through a series of urban transformations mainly: the changes in land use; the profile of the city and the vocation to commercial and tourist activities. This article shows the results of a survey applied to residents during the last semester of 2018 as well as in-depth interviews. As important results are: the difficulties to reside in the neighborhood; the lack of citizen participation and political decisions about the city without consulting those who inhabit it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Esta pesquisa propôs-se a analisar os motivos pelos quais alguns municípios da região sudoeste do Paraná apresentaram crescimento populacional, sendo mais dinâmicos, e outros tiveram taxas negativas de crescimento populacional. Logo, busca-se determinar os fatores que diferenciam os municípios com crescimento daqueles com crescimento negativo, a partir de características socioeconômicas, considerando dois períodos distintos – 2000 e 2010. Esta análise foi feita a partir da Análise Discriminante, dividindo os 42 municípios da região sudoeste em três grupos: dinâmicos (grupo 1), estáveis (grupo 2) e deprimidos (grupo 3). Foram determinadas oito variáveis selecionadas a partir de dados secundários obtidos através do IPARDES. Os resultados da pesquisa demostram que a discriminação entre os municípios ocorre por conta da concentração populacional (densidade demográfica) e o grau de industrialização. Ambos os fatores podem se tornar atrativos para novos habitantes que estão em busca de melhores condições de vida, melhores oportunidades de trabalho, aumento de renda e educação, ou seja, em busca de uma qualidade de vida melhor.

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Há poucos dados na literatura que caracterizam o padrão de uso de analgésicos na América Latina e no Brasil. Também se sabe pouco sobre o subtratamento da dor e sua influência no hábito de automedicação analgésica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é definir o padrão de uso de analgésicos entre os portadores de dor crônica (DC) e a sua potencial associação à automedicação analgésica. Estudo observacional transversal com amostra de população urbana. A dor crônica foi definida como aquela presente por pelo menos 90 dias. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa institucional. Foram incluídos 416 indivíduos; 45,7% (n = 190) portadores de dor crônica, sendo os do sexo feminino (72,3%; p = 0,04) os mais acometidos. A automedicação analgésica é praticada por 78,4% dos portadores de dor crônica. O tratamento analgésico vigente mais frequente é composto pelos anti‐inflamatórios não esteroides (AINES), dipirona e paracetamol. Os opioides fracos são pouco usados e apenas 2,6% dos indivíduos com dor crônica fazem uso desses analgésicos. Nenhum dos indivíduos estava em uso de opioides potentes. A prática de automedicação analgésica é frequente entre os portadores de dor crônica, o que pode ser consequência da pouca prescrição de analgésicos mais potentes, como os opioides. Pode‐se também dizer que, pelos dados apresentados, não ocorre uma crise de uso recreativo de opioides na população estudada. There are few data in the literature characterizing the pattern of analgesic use in Latin American countries, including Brazil. Little is known about the undertreatment of pain and its influence on the habit of self‐medication with analgesics. The aim of this study is to define the pattern of analgesic use among chronic pain patients and its potential association with self‐medication with analgesics. Cross‐sectional observational study with an urban population sample. Chronic pain was defined as a pain lasting for at least 90 days. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. 416 subjects were included; 45.7% (n = 190) had chronic pain, with females (72.3%; p = 0.04) being the most affected. Self‐medication with analgesics is practiced by 78.4% of patients with chronic pain. The most common current analgesic treatment consists of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (dipyrone and acetaminophen). Weak opioids are rarely used and only 2.6% of subjects with chronic pain were taking these analgesics. None of the subjects were taking potent opioids. The practice of self‐medication with analgesics is frequent among patients with chronic pain, which may be due to the underprescription of more potent analgesics, such as opioids. It can also be said that, given the data presented, there is no crisis of recreational opioid use in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento: RBCM is the property of Revista Brasileira de Ciencia e Movimento and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Estudo transversal, observacional e analítico que objetivou comparar as variáveis socioeconômicas, morbidades autorreferidas e qualidade de vida de 326 octogenários da zona urbana e 74 da rural, residentes em Uberaba. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2008 e 2010, utilizando-se os instrumentos: BOMFAQ, WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Aplicou-se análise descritiva, testes qui-quadrado e t-Student e regressões logística e linear múltipla (p

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência, conhecimento e tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, comparando as características associadas ao não controle da pressão arterial entre população hipertensa urbana e rural de um município de pequeno porte do interior de Minas Gerais. Material e métodos: estudo epidemiológico com 1.528 residentes do município de Sacramento-MG, Brasil. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas e comportamentais, dificuldades de utilização dos serviços de saúde e realização da medida da pressão arterial. Para analisar a associação entre a variável dependente (não controle da pressão arterial) e demais variáveis, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e calculou-se a Odds Ratio. O nível de significância adotado foi de α = 0.05. Resultados: foram entrevistados 153 sujeitos residentes da área rural e 1.375 da área urbana. A prevalência da hipertensão foi de 38,6%, sendo 38,6% na área urbana e 38,5% na área rural. Entre os hipertensos (n=590), 91,5% sabiam dessa condição; 90,6% estavam em tratamento e 52,6% apresentaram a pressão arterial controlada. Tinham associação com o não controle da pressão arterial: consumo de bebida alcoólica (p=0,001), dificuldade de seguir a prescrição medicamentosa (p=0,000), não comparecimento às consultas médicas de rotina (p=0,005). Conclusões: a hipertensão arterial revelou-se de alta prevalência e importante problema de saúde pública também em um município de pequeno porte do interior do país.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções de moradores do entorno da nascente do rio Carahá, em Lages (SC), sobre as condições desse rio, mudanças ocorridas com o processo de urbanização e qualidade das águas. Para isso, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa. Também foi realizada a análise de parâmetros físicos e químicos para avaliar a qualidade dessas águas. As percepções dos moradores sobre o rio foram agrupadas nas categorias: cuidado com o rio, importância, uso e características do rio. A análise das águas indicou alto grau de poluição. Os entrevistados percebem que as águas do rio são poluídas, mas parece haver falta de informação sobre as consequências do contato com o rio poluído, embora exista a preocupação com essa situação. O processo de urbanização ao longo do percurso do rio tem contribuído para mudanças ocorridas nas últimas duas décadas, com degradação da qualidade da água.

Objective: To compare the frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and soft drinks among adolescents living in urban and rural areas of Pernambuco State. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on secondary analysis of data from a representative sample of high school students in Pernambuco (n = 4,207, 14 - 19 years) was conducted. Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire. Adolescents who reported a daily consumption of soft drinks and occasional consumption of fruits, juices and vegetables were classified as exposed to inadequate standard of consumption of these foods. The independent variable was the place of residence (urban/rural). Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, χ2 test and binary logistic regression. Results: It was observed that students residing in rural areas had a higher prevalence of occasional consumption of natural fruit juices (37.6%; 95%CI 36.1 - 39.0) than those living in urban areas (32.1%; 95%CI 30.7 - 33.6). The proportion of students exposed to daily consumption of soft drinks was higher among those who reported they lived in urban areas (65.0%; 95%CI 63.5 - 66.4) compared to those who reported living in rural areas (55.3%; 95%CI 53.8 - 56.9). Conclusion: Adolescent students living in rural areas had a higher prevalence of low consumption of natural fruit juices while those residing in urban areas had a higher prevalence of daily consumption of soda drinks.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to analyze the possible relationship between social determinants and homicide mortality in Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. METHOD: To investigate whether the rate of mortality by homicides is related to social determinants, an ecological study with emphasis on spatial analysis was conducted in the city of Fortaleza. Social, economic, demographic and sanitation data, as well as information regarding years of potential life lost, and Human Development Index were collected. The dependent variable was the rate of homicides in the period 2004 to 2006. In order to verify the relationship between the outcome variable and the predictor variables, we performed a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS: We found associations between social determinants and the rate of mortality by homicides. Variables related to income and education were proven determinants for mortality. The multiple regression model showed that 51% of homicides in Fortaleza neighborhoods are explained by years of potential life lost, proportion of households with poor housing, average years of schooling, per capita income and percentage of household heads with 15 or more years of study. The coefficients for years of potential life lost and households with poor housing were positive. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the mortality by homicide is associated with high levels of poverty and uncontrolled urbanization, which migrates to the peripheries of urban centers.

Urbanization is an essential process to modernize an economy, and it should, in turn, fuel growth even more by transferring productive factors from traditional sectors with low productivity to more dynamic sectors, while at the same time gradually concentrating them in urban zones. In countries like China, a dual land ownership system is predominant. On the one hand, land located in rural areas is generally collectively owned and set aside for agricultural activities, and on the other, land in the cities is the property of the state and allocated to urban purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this paper were to estimate the prevalence rates of self-reported high blood pressure among adults in urban and rural environments in Brazil and identify possible associations stratified according to household location. Data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) was used, incorporating information from the sampling plan. Logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association between variables and the outcome. The prevalence of self-reported high blood pressure in Brazil was 20.9%: 21% in urban areas and 20.1% in rural areas (OR = 1.06). In both areas, the likelihood of reporting high blood pressure increased with age and women, former smokers, migrants and individuals with morbidities, non-white individuals and individuals with health insurance were more likely to report this disease. Also, in both rural and urban areas, prevalence of high blood pressure was lower among workers and decreased with increasing levels of schooling. All variables showed an association with self-reported high blood pressure in both rural and urban areas, but differences in magnitude were observed in relation to sex and age group. These differences could help justify the promotion of better access and intervention methods at prevention clinics for different population groups.Este artículo tiene por objetivo estimar las prevalencias de la hipertensión arterial sistémica autorreferida de adultos, en los ambientes urbano y rural de Brasil, e identificar posibles asociaciones, estratificadas por situación del domicilio. Se utilizó el Estudio Nacional por Muestra de Domicilios (PNAD), incorporando la información del mismo. Se utilizaron regresiones logísticas para obtener las medidas de asociación odds ratio (OR). La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica autorreferida en Brasil fue de un 20,9%, siendo un 21% (urbana) y un 20,1% (rural) (OR = 1,06). En ambas áreas, la oportunidad de informar sobre hipertensión arterial sistémica aumentó con la edad, fue mayor entre las mujeres, ex-fumadores, emigrantes, portadores de enfermedades, los de color/raza no blanca e individuos con plan de salud. También en las dos áreas, la hipertensión arterial sistémica fue menor entre los trabajadores y disminuyó con el aumento del número de años de estudio. Todas las variables se mostraron asociadas con la hipertensión arterial sistémica autorreferida, en ambas áreas, no obstante, pudieron ser observadas diferencias en las magnitudes en sexo y franja de edad. Estas diferencias pueden ayudar a encontrar la mejor forma de intervenir en los servicios de prevención y acceso de cada población.Este artigo objetiva estimar as prevalências da hipertensão arterial sistêmica autorreferida de adultos nos ambientes urbano e rural do Brasil e identificar possíveis associações, estratificadas por situação do domicílio. Utilizou-se a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), incorporando as informações do plano amostral. Regressões logísticas foram utilizadas para obter as medidas de associação odds ratio (OR). A prevalência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica autorreferida no Brasil foi 20,9%, sendo 21% (urbana) e 20,1% (rural) (OR = 1,06). Em ambas as áreas, a chance de referir hipertensão arterial sistêmica aumentou com a idade, foi maior entre as mulheres, ex-fumantes, migrantes, portadores de morbidade, os de cor/raça não branca e portadores de plano de saúde. Também nas duas áreas, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi menor entre os trabalhadores e diminuiu com o aumento do número de anos de estudo. Todas as variáveis se mostraram associadas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica autorreferida, em ambas as áreas, entretanto puderam ser observadas diferenças nas magnitudes em sexo e faixa etária. Essas diferenças podem auxiliar na melhor forma de intervir nos serviços de prevenção e acesso de cada população.

O estudo que deu origem a este artigo objetivou conhecer o perfil epidemiológico dos nascimentos em Chapecó/SC, no período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2013, com base no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva, com abordagem quantitativa. Do total de 5.918 nascidos vivos, 9,2% nasceram com peso inferior a 2.500 g; 9,4% prematuros; 15,7% eram filhos de mães adolescentes, e 20% das mulheres fizeram sete consultas ou menos de pré-natal. Foi realizada estratificação do grupo de gestantes segundo o ambiente de vivência materno dividido em urbano, rural e rural indígena, e observaram-se, de acordo com eles, diferenças no perfil epidemiológico dos nascidos vivos. Portanto, a variável local de moradia materna deverá ser considerada ao se avaliarem e se planejarem estratégias e ações que visem a qualidade da assistência não só à mulher no período da gestação, parto, puerpério, mas também ao seu recém-nascido. Cabe ressaltar a necessidade de estudos voltados para a população rural indígena.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a prática de atividade física no lazer e transtornos mentais comuns entre residentes de áreas urbanas de Feira de Santana, Bahia. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal com amostra representativa da população urbana de Feira de Santana, Bahia, constituída de 3.597 indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais de idade (71,4% do sexo feminino) da população urbana. Foi utilizado um questionário contendo informações sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, doenças referidas, hábitos de vida e atividades físicas no lazer. Para triagem de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) foi utilizado o SRQ-20. Para avaliar a associação entre atividade física no lazer (ativo/inativo) e TMC foram estimadas as razões de prevalência e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança por meio de regressão logística múltipla e uso do método Delta. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma frequência de 27,7% de indivíduos considerados ativos no lazer. A prevalência de TMC foi menor entre os indivíduos ativos no lazer, após o ajuste, num modelo de regressão logística múltipla, por sexo, faixa etária, renda, escolaridade, consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas e tabagismo) (RP = 0.78 [0,70 - 0,87]). CONCLUSÃO: A população do município de Feira de Santana apresenta uma elevada frequência de indivíduos inativos no lazer, e essa condição estava associada a maior prevalência de TMC. As ações direcionadas à saúde mental devem priorizar programas que favoreçam o incentivo à prática de atividade física entre a população do município, considerando a associação desse comportamento com a prevenção de transtornos mentais comuns.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between physical activity during leisure time and common mental disorders among residents in urban areas of Feira de Santana City, Bahia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample from the urban population. A sample of 3,597 individuals aged 15 years or older (71.4% female) was studied. A questionnaire gathered information about sociodemographic information, self-reported diseases, screening for mental disorders, lifestyle habits and physical activity during leisure time. To evaluate common mental disorders (CMD) the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used. To analyze the association between leisure physical activity (active/inactive) and CMD, prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using multiple logistic regression and the Delta method. RESULTS: We found a frequency of 27.7% of individuals who were active during leisure time. The prevalence of CMD was lower among those active in leisure time, after adjustment by sex, age, income, education, alcohol consumption and smoking (PR = 0.78; 95% CI0.70 to 0.87). CONCLUSION: The population of Feira de Santana city has a high frequency of individuals insufficiently active during leisure, and this condition was associated with higher prevalence of CMD. Actions directed to mental health programs must encourage physical activity among the population, considering the association of this behavior with low prevalence of common mental disorders.

FUNDAMENTO: A maioria das tabelas de classificação da Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória (ACR) utilizadas na prática clínica é internacional e não foi validada para a população brasileira, podendo resultar em discrepâncias importantes, uma vez que essa classificação é extrapolada para a nossa população. Objetivo: Avaliar as principais tabelas de ACR disponíveis em uma amostra populacional brasileira do Planalto Médio do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados retrospectivos de 2.930 indivíduos, residentes em 36 cidades do Planalto Central do RS. Levaram-se em consideração presença dos fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular e valores estimados do consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico), obtidos por meio de teste de esforço com protocolo de Bruce. Para classificar a ACR, os sujeitos foram distribuídos de acordo com o sexo e inseridos nas respectivas faixas etárias das tabelas de Cooper, American Heart Association (AHA) e da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), e classificados conforme seu VO2pico. RESULTADOS: A amostra feminina apresentou valores mais baixos de VO2pico do que a masculina (23,5 ± 8,5 vs. 31,7 ± 10,8 mL.kg-1.min-1, p < 0,001), e o VO2pico apresentou correlação inversa e moderada com a idade considerando-se ambos os sexos (R = -0,48, p < 0,001). Foi observada importante discrepância entre os níveis de classificação da ACR entre as tabelas, que variaram de 49% (COOPERxAHA) até 75% (UNIFESPxAHA). CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados indicam discrepâncias importantes na classificação da ACR proveniente das tabelas avaliadas. Estudos futuros poderiam investigar se a utilização das tabelas internacionais são aplicáveis à população brasileira e às populações de diferentes regiões do Brasil.BACKGROUND: Most classification tables of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) used in clinical practice are international and have not been validated for the Brazilian population. That can result in important discrepancies when that classification is extrapolated to our population. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of major CRF tables available in a Brazilian population sample of the Central High Plan of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). METHODS: This study assessed the retrospective data of 2,930 individuals, living in 36 cities of the Central High Plan of the state of RS, and considered the following: presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak) values obtained through exercise test with Bruce protocol. To classify CRF, the individuals were distributed according to sex, inserted in their respective age groups in the Cooper, American Heart Association (AHA) and Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) tables, and classified according to their VO2peak. RESULTS: Women had lower VO2peak values as compared with those of men (23.5 ± 8.5 vs. 31.7 ± 10.8 mL.kg-1.min-1, p < 0.001). Considering both sexes, VO2peak showed an inverse and moderate correlation with age (R = -0.48, p < 0.001). An important discrepancy in the CRF classification levels was observed between the tables, ranging from 49% (Cooper x AHA) to 75% (Unifesp x AHA). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate important discrepancy in the CRF classification levels of the tables assessed. Future studies could assess whether international tables could be used for the Brazilian population and populations of different regions of Brazil.

FUNDAMENTO: O sobrepeso e a obesidade são um importante problema de saúde pública na sociedade pela sua associação com diversas doenças crônicas. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a prevalência e a distribuição de sobrepeso e obesidade, usando diferentes medidas antropométricas, e identificar o melhor indicador antropométrico intimamente relacionado aos fatores de risco de Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) em população iraniana urbana. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo transversal foi realizado com 991 homens e 1.188 mulheres de 15 a 64 anos. Foram medidos Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência Abdominal (CA), Relação Cintura-Quadril (RCQ), Relação Cintura-Altura (RCA) e porcentagem de gordura corporal. Foi obtida amostra de sangue em jejum. Foram avaliados os fatores de risco cardiovascular, incluindo glicemia de jejum, triglicerídeos, colesterol total (col-T), colesterol de baixa densidade (LDL-colesterol) e colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-colesterol). RESULTADOS: Em relação ao IMC, 49% dos homens e 53% das mulheres estavam acima do peso ou obesos, e 10,2% dos homens e 18,6% das mulheres encontravam-se obesos. Tanto nos homens quanto nas mulheres, a prevalência de sobrepeso esteve maior entre aqueles com 40-49 anos de idade, e a prevalência de obesidade esteve maior entre aqueles com 50 anos ou mais. Usando a análise de regressão múltipla, IMC, RCA e RCQ explicaram o maior percentual de variação de triglicerídeos, razão entre col-T e HDL-colesterol e LDL-colesterol em homens, respectivamente, ao passo que RCQ explicou o maior percentual de variação de triglicerídeos e CA explicou o maior percentual de variação da razão entre col-T e HDL-colesterol e LDL-colesterol em mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados indicam que RCQ e RCA foram os indicadores antropométricos que melhor previram fatores de risco cardiovascular em homens e RCQ e CA, em mulheres.BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are an important public health problem in society, due to their association with various chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of overweight and obesity, using different anthropometric measurements and to identify the best anthropometric indicator which is most closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in an Iranian urban population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 991 men and 1188 women aged 15 to 64 years. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and percentage of body fat were measured. A fasting blood specimen was obtained. CVD risk factors, including fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol (Tchol), low-density (LDL-C) and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed. RESULTS: Based on BMI, more than 49% of men and 53% of women were either overweight or obese with 10.2% of men and 18.6% of women being obese. In both men and women, the prevalence of overweight was greater among 40-49 year olds and the prevalence of obesity was greater among those 50+ years. Using the multiple regression analysis, BMI, WHtR and WHR explained the highest percentage of variation of triglycerides, Tchol/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C in men, respectively, whereas WHR explained the highest percentage of variation of triglycerides and WC explained the highest percentage of variation of Tchol/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C in women. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that WHR and WHtR were the anthropometric indicators that best predicted CVD risk factors in men and WHR and WC in women.

O estudo visou a analisar a qualidade de vida (QV) entre idosos da área urbana e rural, avaliando a influência de dois fatores (zona de residência e existência ou não de patologia). Pesquisa de delineamento epidemiológico transversal, foi realizada com idosos (homens) residentes no perímetro urbano e rural do município de Concórdia, SC. A amostra consistiu de 60 idosos: grupo da área urbana (GU; n=30; idade= 68±8 anos) e rural (GR; n=30; idade: 67±7,88 anos). Os dados de QV foram coletados através do formulário Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Health Survey (SF 36). Os resultados demonstraram que apenas as variáveis saúde (∆= 12,60; p