189 results on '"poplava"'
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2. REAGIRANJE HRVATSKIH ZEMALJSKIH VLASTI PRILIKOM VELIKIH POPLAVA U OŽUJKU I TRAVNJU 1895. GODINE.
- Author
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SIKIRIĆ ASSOULINE, Zvjezdana and ŠIMETIN ŠEGVIĆ, Filip
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija is the property of Society for Croatian Economic & Environmental History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE RIVER DRAVA FLOOD IN 1827.
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PETRIĆ, Hrvoje and CIK, Nikola
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija is the property of Society for Croatian Economic & Environmental History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
4. Razvoj uporabniškega modula: prispevek k poplavno vzdržnemu prostorskemu načrtovanju
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Barbara Goličnik Marušić and Sergeja Praper Gulič
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integralno modeliranje ,uporabniški pristop ,prostorsko načrtovanje ,poplava ,vedenjski zemljevid ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
Članek v kontekstu trajnostnega poplavno vzdržnega prostorskega načrtovanja obravnava vlogo in pomen poznavanja vprašanj, povezanih z uporabniki prostora. Predstavlja koncept in metodološki razvoj tako imenovanega uporabniškega modula, enega od treh modulov modela celovitega sistema poplavno vzdržnega prostorskega načrtovanja. Na podlagi analiz dnevnih rutin izbranega uporabniškega profila, ki temeljijo na metodi vedenjskih zemljevidov, v kontekstu analiz modeliranja visokih voda obravnava drobne, a pomembne, podatke. S tem umešča poznavanje dinamike vsakdanjega življenja v poplavno modeliranje in poplavno vzdržno načrtovanje, ki pa običajno temelji na masovnih podatkih. Tako osnovan uporabniški modul je bil preizkušan in proučevan na testnem pilotnem območju, Planinskem polju. To je tipično kraško prelivno polje, ki je pogosto poplavljeno. Prispevek prinaša nov pristop, ki temelji na poznavanju delovanja uporabnika v prostoru in odpira nove vidike poplavno vzdržnega ali varnega prostorskega načrtovanja.
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- 2018
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5. ZEMLJIŠNE KARAKTERISTIKE1 I POGODNOST TLA ZA ORANICE CRNAČKOG I STAJNIČKOG POLJA.
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Vidaček, Ž.
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SOIL leaching ,ARABLE land ,RECLAMATION of land ,SOIL formation ,SOIL pollution ,SODIC soils - Abstract
Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
6. U RITMU POPLAVE I GLADI: PROBLEMI STANOVNIŠTVA NOVOGRADIŠKE POSAVINE DUŽ SLIJEVA POTOKA REŠETARICE DO RIJEKE SAVE (1890. - 1914.).
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Salopek Bogavčić, Iva
- Abstract
Copyright of Scrinia Slavonica is the property of Scrinia Slavonica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Institucionalni pristup kriznim izazovima : studije slučaja poplava u istočnoj Slavoniji i potresa na Banovini
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Sabelja, Jure and Cvrtila, Vlatko
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Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova ,Earthquake ,Poplava ,Sigurnost ,Domovinska sigurnost ,Krizni događaj ,Civil Protection ,Crisis event ,Ministry of the Interio ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science ,Homeland Security ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija ,Hrvatska gorska služba spašavanja ,Institutions ,Civilna zaštita ,Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske ,Flood ,Croatian Mountain Rescue Service ,Security ,Oružane snage Republike Hrvatske ,Potres ,Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia ,Institucije ,Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Croatia - Abstract
Okružje u kojem živimo pruža nam niz izazova koji imaju utjecaj na paradigmu sigurnosti. Faktori koji utječu na sigurnost mogu biti prirodni ili čovjekom izazvani te se isti moraju kontrolirati i upravljati u svrhu postizanja ravnoteže životnog okružja. Glavni utjecaj u pristupu ravnoteži imaju institucije. Institucionalni pristup kriznim događajima predstavlja napredni oblik odgovora na krizne događaje u svrhu racionalnog trošenja resursa i kvalitetnijeg odgovora na krizu. Institucije provode planiranje, opremanje, uvježbavanje, procjenu, odgovor na krizu te analizu kriznih događaja u svrhu izgradnje kvalitetnog sustava. U ovom radu razmatramo razvoj institucionalnog pristupa odgovora na krizne događaje kroz dvije studije slučaja, poplava u istočnoj Slavoniji i potresa na Banovini, u kojima je vidljiv utjecaj institucija u odgovoru na krizne događaje. Također se razmatra utjecaj Ministarstva obrane Republike Hrvatske koje je kao dio domovinske sigurnosti glavni sudionik u odgovoru na krizne događaje. The environment we live in presents us with a series of challenges that have an impact on the security paradigm. Factors that affect safety can be natural or man-made, and they must be controlled and managed to achieve a balanced environment. Institutions have the main influence in the approach to balance. The institutional approach to crisis events represents an advanced form of response to crisis events for the purpose of rational spending of resources and a better response to the crisis. Institutions carry out planning, equipping, training, assessment, response to crisis and analysis of crisis events for the purpose of building a quality system. In this paper, we consider the development of an institutional approach to response to crisis events through two case studies, the floods in Eastern Slavonia and the earthquake in Banovina, in which the influence of institutions in the response to crisis events is visible. The influence of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Croatia, which as part of homeland security is the main participant in the response to crisis events, is also considered.
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- 2023
8. Detekcija intenzivnih neviht na območju Slovenije
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Osolnik, Matevž and Skok, Gregor
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severe wind ,pysteps ,hail ,nevihta ,flood ,vetrolom ,toča ,razelektritev ,storm ,poplava ,pysteps, verifikacija ,optimizacija ,lightning ,verification ,optimization ,radar - Abstract
V okviru magistrske naloge sem razvil metodo za detekcijo intenzivnih neviht na območju Slovenije. Metoda detektira intenzivne konvektivne celice na podlagi meritev meteorološkega radarja in razelektritev. Uporabljena je bila rutina pysteps, ki temelji na tem, da v polju radarske odbojnosti najprej išče zaključena območja nad določenim pragom radarske odbojnosti, nato pa preko dodatnih kriterijev iz zaključenih območij določi konvektivne celice. Optimizacija in verifikacija rezultatov je bila izvedena na konvektivnih sezonah od maja do septembra v letih od 2020 do 2022. Rezultati metode so bili optimizirani in verificirani na meritvah toče na padavinskih in klimatoloških postajah Agencije Republike Slovenije za okolje (ARSO) in na podatkih o intervencijah Uprave Republike Slovenije za zaščito in reševanje (URSZR), ki vsebujejo intervencije, ki so se zgodile zaradi toče, vetroloma in poplav meteorne vode. V primeru podatkov o intervencijah sta bili optimizacija in verifikacija izvedeni le na izbranih 13 območjih, kjer je prišlo do zadostnega števila javljenih dogodkov. Iz rezultatov so bili izračunani verifikacijski indeksi POD (angl. Probability of detection), FAR (angl. False alarm rate), CSI (angl. Critical success index) in BIAS, ki bazirajo na kontingenčni tabeli. Preko teh indeksov je bila nato ovrednotena uspešnost metode in so bili določeni optimalni parametri. Pri verifikaciji algoritma na meritvah toče na meteoroloških postajah so pri optimalnih parametrih verifikacijski indeksi dosegli vrednost POD = 0,39, FAR = 0,82, CSI = 0,14 in BIAS = 2,20, pri verifikaciji na podatkih o intervencijah toče, vetroloma in poplav meteorne vode pa so verifikacijski indeksi znašali POD = 0,29, FAR = 0,61, CSI = 0,20 in BIAS = 0,73. Posebej je bilo analiziranih tudi nekaj nevihtnih dni, za katere je ARSO izdal poročilo o neurjih. Za te dni je verifikacijski indeks CSI znašal med 0,10 in 0,33 za verifikacijo toče na meteoroloških postajah, pri verifikaciji na podatkih o intervencijah toče, vetroloma in poplav meteorne vode pa je indeks dosegal vrednosti med 0,25 in 0,80. Razvita metoda se pri detekciji intenzivnih neviht v splošnem obnese dobro, rezultati verifikacije pa so primerljivi z rezultati podobnih študij, narejenih v Sloveniji in tujni. In this master’s thesis, I developed a method for detecting intense thunderstorms in the area of Slovenia. The method detects intense convective cells based on meteorological radar measurements and lightning discharges. The pysteps routine was used, which searches for closed areas above a certain threshold of radar reflectivity in the radar reflectivity field, and then determines convective cells from the closed areas using additional criteria. The optimization and verification of the results were carried out for the convective seasons from May to September in the years from 2020 to 2022. The results of this method were optimized and verified on the hail measurements of the precipitation and climatological stations of the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO) and on the intervention data of the Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (URSZR), where the events of hail, severe winds and floods of stormwater were jointly analyzed. In the case of data on interventions, optimization and verification were performed only in selected 13 areas where a sufficient number of reported events occurred. From the results, the verification indices POD (Probability of detection), FAR (False alarm rate), CSI (Critical success index) and BIAS were calculated, which are based on a contingency table. Using these indices, the performance of the method was then evaluated and the optimal parameters were determined. When verifying the method on hail measurements at meteorological stations with optimal parameters, the verification indices reached the value POD = 0.39, FAR = 0.82, CSI = 0.14 and BIAS = 2.20, and when verifying data on interventions related to hail, severe winds and stormwater floods, the verification indices amounted to POD = 0.29, FAR = 0.61, CSI = 0.20 and BIAS = 0.73. A few stormy days for which ARSO issued a storm report were also analyzed separately. For these days, the CSI verification index was between 0.10 and 0.33 for the verification of hail at meteorological stations, while the index reached values between 0.25 and 0.80 when verifying data on hail, severe winds and stormwater floods interventions. The developed method generally performs well in the detection of intense thunderstorms, and the verification results are comparable to the results of other studies performed in Slovenia or abroad.
- Published
- 2023
9. APPLYING LAWSON'S MODEL OF COMMAND AND CONTROL TO SLOVENIA'S RADIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION UNIT.
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Habič, Urša and Dobrović, Željko
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COMMAND & control systems ,NATIONAL security ,CRISIS management ,EMERGENCY management ,PUBLIC safety ,DISASTER relief ,RESCUE work - Abstract
Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
10. Ozaveščenost Slovencev o varnosti v primeru naravnih nezgod
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Lesar, Alja and Zupan, Klementina
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earthquake ,naravna nesreča ,Natural disaster ,požar ,ozaveščanje ,poplava ,raising awareness ,flood ,potres ,fire - Abstract
Naravne nesreče so vedno pogostejši pojav zaradi takšnih in drugačnih dejavnikov. Kaj sploh so naravne nesreče, kako se nanje pripraviti in kako ravnati, ko enkrat do njih pride, je znanje, ki ga je za take primere dobro imeti, saj se s tem lahko izognemo neželenim posledicam. Mi smo preverili, kašno je znanje Slovence s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika, ki smo ga sestavili na podlagi pregledane literature in dosedanjih podobnih raziskav. Anketni vprašalnik je bil sestavljen iz 41 vprašanj, ki so zajemala vprašanja o vrstah naravnih nesreč, pogostosti pojavljanja naravnih nesreč, vzrokih in posledicah naravnih nesreč, pripravljenosti ter ukrepanju ob pojavu naravnih nesreč in tako dalje. Dodatno pozornost smo v vprašalniku namenili požarom, poplavam in potresom. Cilj je bil s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika ugotoviti in dobiti odgovore, ki bi nam dali vpogled v to, kje ozaveščenosti o naravnih nesrečah pri Slovencih primanjkuje. Anketni vprašalnik smo objavili na spletnem mestu 1ka.si in jo delili na družbenih omrežjih. Pregled dobljenih statističnih podatkov nam je dal vpogled v to, kje ozaveščenosti o naravnih nesrečah primanjkuje. Ugotovili smo, da je ozaveščenost slaba predvsem pri poznavanju vzrokov in posledic naravnih nesreč ter znanju o tem, kako se nanje pripraviti. Podatke o tem smo po podrobnejši analizi vključili v krajšo zloženko, ki bo uporabniku služila pri pripravi na naravne nesreče ter ob primeru, ko do njih pride. Zloženka je v nasprotju z že obstoječimi zloženkami na tem področju napisana bolj kratko in jedrnato, kljub temu pa zajema informacije o več vrstah naravnih nesreč ter le podatke, o katerih so ljudje najmanj ozaveščeni. Zraven zloženke in podatkov, ki jih nudi magistrsko delo, bi lahko ozaveščenost Slovencev o naravnih nesrečah povečali s pomočjo promocijskih programov o naravnih nesrečah v medijih. Predlagali bi tudi obnavljanje znanja o naravnih nesrečah na nekaj let, podobno ali v sklopu varstva pri delu. Natural disasters are becoming more and more common due to various factors. What natural disasters are, how to prepare for them and how to act once they occur, is knowledge that is good to have for such cases, because with this we can avoid unwanted consequences. We checked the level of knowledge of Slovenians with the help of a survey questionnaire, which we compiled based on reviewed literature and previous similar research. The questionnaire consisted of 41 questions, which included questions about the types of natural disasters, the frequency of occurrence of natural disasters, the causes and consequences of natural disasters, preparedness, and action in the event of natural disasters, and so on. Additional attention was paid in the questionnaire to fires, floods, and earthquakes. With the help of a questionnaire, the goal was to find out and get answers that would give us an insight into where Slovenians lack awareness of natural disasters. We published the survey questionnaire on the 1ka.si website and shared it on social networks. A review of the obtained statistics gave us an insight into where awareness about natural disasters is lacking. We found that awareness is poor, especially when it comes to knowing the causes and consequences of natural disasters and how to prepare for them. After a more detailed analysis, we have included the information on this in a short leaflet, which will serve the user in preparing for natural disasters and if they occur. In contrast to already existing leaflets in this field, the leaflet is written more briefly and concisely, but nevertheless it contains information about several types of natural disasters and only information about which people are least aware. In addition to the leaflet and data provided by the master's thesis, the awareness of Slovenians about natural disasters could be increased with the help of promotional programs about natural disasters in the media. We would also suggest renewing knowledge about natural disasters for a few years, similar to or as part of occupational health and safety.
- Published
- 2022
11. GOSPODARENJE ŠUMAMA GRADIŠKE IMOVNE OPĆINE OD 1874. DO 1914.
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Bogavčić, Iva Salopek
- Abstract
Copyright of Scrinia Slavonica is the property of Scrinia Slavonica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
12. UTICAJ UDALJENOSTI NASELJA OD REKE NA SPREMNOST GRAĐANA ZA REAGOVANJE NA POPLAVE U REPUBLICI SRBIJI.
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Cvetković, Vladimir and Ivanov, Aleksandar
- Abstract
Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
13. GRAD U DRAVI - POPLAVA DRAVE U OSIJEKU 1965. GODINE.
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PAVIĆ, Hrvoje
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija is the property of Society for Croatian Economic & Environmental History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
14. Analiza opasnosti od prirodnih poplava na području naselja Sali na Dugom otoku
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Panđa, Lovre, Marić, Ivan, Domazetović, Fran, Perinić Lewis, Ana, and Blagaić Bergman, Marina
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poplava ,analiza opasnosti ,pluvijalne poplave ,obalne poplave ,Sali ,Dugi otok - Abstract
Poplave često rezultiraju ljudskim gubicima, velikom materijalnom i ekološkom štetom te devastiranjem kulturnih dobara. Postoji više uzroka nastanka poplava, a mogu se podijeliti na prirodne i one koje su uzrokovane ljudskim faktorima. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je izraditi analizu opasnosti od prirodnih poplava u topografskom slivu naselja Sali na Dugom otoku. Prirodne poplave u naselju Sali mogu nastati na dva načina: a) olujnim usporom mora, odnosno dizanjem morske razine koje je inducirano naglim padom tlaka zraka, intenzivnim vjetrom (jugom) i plimom (obalne poplave) ; b) velikom količinom kiše u kratkom periodu i nastankom bujica (pluvijalne poplave). Hidrološkim analizama unutar GIS-a izdvojena je granica topografskog sliva na temelju digitalnog modela reljefa (DMR) izrađenog procesom aerofotogrametrije. Korištenjem grupa kriterija generirani su modeli opasnosti od obalnih i pluvijalnih poplava. S obzirom na to da obalne poplave svake godine uzrokuju štetu u priobalnom području naselja, preporučuje se podizanje obalnog ruba do visine koja onemogućuje prodor vode u priobalnu stambenu, kulturnu i gospodarsku infrastrukturu. Voda od olujnog uspora prodire i u kanalizacijske ispuste te ispuste infrastruktura uz obalu pa je na tim mjestima potrebno ugraditi jedno-propusne ventile prema moru te tu infrastrukturu u smislu odvodnje vode ne koristiti dok traje olujni uspor, što je relativno kratko. Također, preporučuje se izgradnja sustava oborinske odvodnje te ugradnja jednosmjernih ventila na pluvijalnim poplavama najpogođenijim lokacijama. Na mogućim mjestima prodora bujičnih tokova potrebno je sagraditi barijere s rešetkama kako bi se smanjila brzina vode bujičnog toka i time smanjilo odnošenje materijala prema moru.
- Published
- 2022
15. Prikaz knjige 'Flood Handbook – Principles and Applications'
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Bonacci, Ognjen
- Subjects
poplava - Abstract
Knjiga „Priručnik za poplave – principi i primjena“ najnovije je i dosita kapitalno djelo koje tretira jedan od najakutualnijih i najrazornijih ugroza modernog društva – poplave. One se javljaju apsolutno na svim krajevima planete i na svakom njenom dijelu poprimaju različite oblike izazivajući teške i razorne posljedice. Pojavni oblici razlikuju se u zavisnosti od krajolika i njihove interakcije s egzogenim i geomorfološkim procesima kao što su vlaženje, erozija i klimatski uvjeti. Istovremene se odvijaju interakcije između krajolika i endogenih procesa. U knjizi je dat prikaz različitih egzogenih i/ili geomorfoloških procesa koji izravno i snažno utječu na intenzitet i karakteristike pojave poplava, a razmatrana je i problematika antropogenih utjecaja na formiranje poplava.
- Published
- 2022
16. Studija slučaja: naselje Retkovec kao primjer hitnog planiranja u 2. polovici 20. stoljeća
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Bobinac, Martina, Horvat Levaj, Katarina, Sekelj, Sanja, and Plosnić Škarić, Ana
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hitnaarhitektura ,hitniurbanizam ,urbanizam ,arhitektura ,potres ,poplava ,obnova ,prefabrikati ,planiranje - Abstract
Druga polovica 20. stoljeća razdoblje je procvata humanističkog pristupa urbanom planiranju, a obnova nakon potresa u Skopju 1963. ogledni je primjer cjelovite i promišljene urbane obnove nakon prirodne katastrofe. Sudjelovanje uglednih stručnjaka i međunarodnih organizacija u obnovi Skopja zasluga je jugoslavenske uloge u Pokretu nesvrstanih zemalja, koja mu je omogućila da postane grad međunarodne solidarnosti. Samo godinu kasnije, 25. listopada 1964., Zagreb je pogodila razorna poplava. Iduće, 1965. godine donesen je GUP u koji je uključena i izgradnja potpuno novog naselja – Retkovca, planiranog slijedom iskustva obnove Skopja. Prikaz izgradnje Retkovca, kao primjera na kojem se princip globalne solidarnosti prenosi u manje, lokalno „mjerilo” jugoslavenske multinacionalne zajednice, tema je ovoga izlaganja.
- Published
- 2022
17. Zapažanja poljoprivrednika o utjecaju prekomjerne kiše praćene poplavama na poljoprivredna zemljišta u Hrvatskoj
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Helena Senko, Lucia Pole, Armin Mešić, Dunja Šamec, Marko Petek, Ines Pohajda, Ivana Rajnović, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić, Lidija Brkljačić, Goran Palijan, and Ines Petrić
- Subjects
ekstremni vremenski događaji ,obline kiše ,poplava ,poljoprivreda Hrvatska ,usjevi ,Animal Science and Zoology ,extreme weather events ,rain ,flooding ,agriculture ,Croatia ,crops ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,rain, flooding - Abstract
Extreme events have produced more rain and became more frequent in many regions around the world, and these trends will rise with the warming of the planet. The vulnerable agricultural sectors, directly dependent on the climate, is predicted to be significantly affected by climate change, with an expected decline in future crop yields. We provide data on the effects of floods, because of excessive rain, on the agricultural sector in Croatia, with emphasis on its northern Pannonian region. Data collected for the period 2015-2020 are based on a 34-question survey, conducted among farmers previously reporting on climate-related damages to their crops. With almost 80% of farmers having experienced flooding on their field plots in the last 5 years (mostly short-term flooding, i.e. waterlogging of up to seven days), it is clear that this type of investigation needs further attention. Data suggested that floods most often occurred in the plant germination phase (before the 5th leaf) representing a risk for plant damage and consequent reduction in yields. A combination of mitigation and adaptation measures could minimize water retention in the fields and reduce damage, however, our survey implied that farmers scarcely use such measures. Knowledge gained in this study represents the first step toward understanding potential negative effects of the extreme events on the fragile agricultural sector in Croatia and could help authorities in decision making with the aim to reduce the degree of uncertainty associated with climate change effects., Ekstremni vremenski događaji, između kojih su i obilne kiše, postali su sve češća pojava u mnogim dijelovima svijeta. S obzirom na to da se planet nastavlja zagrijavati, očekuje se njihovo povećanje. Predviđa se da će poljoprivredni sektor, koji izravno ovisi o klimi, pretrpjeti velike štete s očekivanim padom prinosa usjeva. Istraživanje je usmjereno na poplave koje nastaju kao posljedice obilnih kiša te njihov utjecaj na poljoprivredni sektor u Hrvatskoj, s naglaskom na njegovu sjevernu Panonsku regiju. Podaci su prikupljeni za razdoblje 2015-2020, a temelje se na anketi od 34 anonimna pitanja provedenom među poljoprivrednicima koji su prethodno prijavljivali klimatske štete na svojim usjevima. Budući da je gotovo 80% sudionika istraživanja u posljednjih 5 godina na svojim proizvodnim površinama imalo poplavu (uglavnom kratkotrajnu tj. poplavljivanje do sedam dana), jasno je da ovoj vrsti problema treba dodatno posvetiti pažnju. Podaci sugeriraju da su se poplave najčešće dogodile u fazi klijanja biljaka (prije 5. lista) što predstavlja rizik za oštećenje biljaka i posljedično smanjenje prinosa. Kombinacija mjera ublažavanja i prilagodbe mogla bi umanjiti zadržavanje vode na poljima i smanjiti štetu, međutim, istraživanje je pokazalo da poljoprivrednici rijetko koriste takve mjere. Znanje stečen u ovoj studiji predstavlja prvi korak ka razumijevanju potencijalnih negativnih učinaka ekstremnih događaja na krhki poljoprivredni sektor u Hrvatskoj i moglo bi pomoći vlastima u donošenju odluka s ciljem smanjenja posljedica takvih događaja.
- Published
- 2022
18. Pomen geodetskih podatkov pri analizah poplav ; The importance of geodetic data in flood analyses
- Author
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Lidija Globevnik and Dunja Zupan Vrenko
- Subjects
poplava ,hidravlično modeliranje ,infrardeča kamera ,LiDAR ,geodetski podatek ,flood ,hydraulics modelling ,infrared camera ,geodata ,Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
Poplavno vodo matematično modeliramo z uporabo Saint Venantovih enačb, pri čemer je ključen podatek o višini terena in vode. Za dober rezultat potrebujemo dobre in natančne podatke o terenu in višini zabeležene poplavne vode, za katero poznamo pretočne količine. Metode daljinskega zaznavanja dajejo uporabne podatke o terenu in višini poplavne vode. Pazljivost je potrebna pri geolociranju posnetkov in njihovi interpretaciji. Infrardeči (IR) posnetki poplav iz leta 2010 so se izkazali za dobre in uporabne. V članku so prikazani rezultati interpretacije vseh posnetkov ; Floodwater is mathematically modelled with the use of St Venant's equations. The key data is the elevation of water. For better results, accurate information about the terrain and flood water heights recorded with known flow rates is needed. Remote sensing methods provide very useful information for terrain and flood water heights. Care should be taken with geo-referencing and image interpretation. Infrared (IR) images of floods in 2010 have proven to be good and useful for flood management. This article presents the results of interpretation of all the IR images taken.
- Published
- 2012
19. Nekaj težav pri hidravličnih analizah poplavnih tokov v zvezi z geodetskimi podlagami ; Some problems using geodetic background in hydraulic analyses of floods
- Author
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Matija Bogdan Marinček
- Subjects
direktiva ,uredba ,pravilnik ,vodni prostor ,povodje ,poplava ,življenje ,škoda ,omejitve ,načrt ,karta ,poplavna nevarnost ,razred ,matematični model ,podlaga ,geodetska izmera ,natančnost ,težave ,directive ,decree ,rule book ,water body ,river basin ,flood ,life ,damage ,restriction ,plan ,map ,risk ,class ,mathematical model ,background ,geodetic measurement ,precision ,problem ,Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
V prispevku je na kratko obravnavana problematika človekovega poseganja v vodni prostor, zlasti na potencialna poplavna območja, opisana so tudi načela umeščanja infrastrukture in poselitve v vodni prostor, določena v Direktivi o oceni in obvladovanju poplavne ogroženosti (2007/60/ES), ki dopolnjuje vodno direktivo EU. Načela in obveznosti direktive so v naš pravni red prenesena z Uredbo o pogojih in omejitvah za izvajanje dejavnosti in posegov v prostor na območjih, ogroženih od poplav in z njimi povezane erozije celinskih voda in morja (Ur. l. RS, št. 89/08) ter Pravilnikom o metodologiji za določanje območij, ogroženih zaradi poplav in z njimi povezane erozije celinskih voda in morja ter o načinu razvrščanja zemljišč v razrede ogroženosti (Ur. l. RS, št. 60/2007). Opisanih je nekaj značilnosti in zahtev sodobnih hidravličnih matematičnih modelov za obravnavo širjenja površinskih odtokov padavin po strugah in poplavnih območjih. Predstavljene so tudi nekatere težave v zvezi z uporabo razpoložljivih geodetskih podatkov o oblikovanosti vodnega in obvodnega prostora v matematičnih hidravličnih modelih in predlogi za izboljšavo modeliranja ; This paper explores the problems caused by human impact with settlements and infrastructure in the surface water bodies, especially in potential flood plans. Moreover, the principles and obligations of the EU Flood Directive (2007/60/EC), which supplements the Water Frame Directive, are discussed. The principles and obligations of this directive have been introduced in Slovenia by local legislation: Decree on conditions and limitations for constructions and activities on flood risk areas (OG RS, No. 89/2008) and Rules on methodology to define flood risk areas and erosion areas connected to floods and classification of plots into risk classes (OG RS, No.60/2007). Some features and obligations of state-ofthe-art hydraulic mathematical models for surface water dynamics simulation are described. Several problems encountered in developing the models and simulating problems are described; these involve using temporarily available geodetic data of the river beds and flood plans and some suggestions for improving of the modelling are made.
- Published
- 2012
20. AKTIVIRANJE MEHANIZMA UNIJE ZA CIVILNU ZAŠTITU U POPLAVAMA POGOĐENIMA BIH, HRVATSKOJ I SRBIJI.
- Author
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Kopal, Tamara and Milić, Igor
- Abstract
Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
21. ILOGIČKI MODEL INFORMACIJSKOG SUSTAVA ZA URPAVLJANJE I ODLUČIVANJE U KRIZNIM SITUACIJAMA POPLAVA.
- Author
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Radošević, Ivan, Raić, Michell, and Rukavina, Filip
- Abstract
Copyright of International Conference: Crisis Management Days is the property of University of Applied Sciences Velika Gorica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
22. Effect of sterigmatocystin and 5-metoxysterigmatocystin on albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Wistar strain rats
- Author
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Molnar, Ivona, Rašić, Dubravka, and Đikić, Domagoj
- Subjects
mikotoksini ,molds ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,sindrom bolesne zgrade ,mycotoxins ,plijesni ,toxicity ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,poplava ,toksičnost ,sick building syndrome ,flood - Abstract
Mikotoksini su raznolika skupina sekundarnih metabolita plijesni koji se mogu pronaći u hrani za ljude i životinje te zraku pljesnivih stambenih prostora. Uzrokuju bolesti (mikotoksikoze) konzumiranjem kontaminirane hrane, dermalnim putem ili inhalacijom spora. Mikotoksini se istražuju zbog toksičnih učinaka, gubitaka u poljoprivredi te povezanosti s klimatskim promjenama. Sterigmatocistin je sekundarni metabolit koji najčešće proizvode plijesni iz roda Aspergillus. Strukturno je sličan najtoksičnijem karcinogenu u prirodi – aflatoksinu. Toksični učinci sterigmatocistina nisu dovoljno istraženi, ali je klasificiran kao mogući karcinogen za ljude. Neke plijesni iz roda Aspergillus često uz sterigmatocistin proizvode 5-metoksisterigmatocistin, pogotovo u vlažnim stambenim prostorima. Pojam sindrom bolesnih zgrada opisuje skup simptoma bolesti respiratornog i središnjeg živčanog sustava te se mogu povezati s mikotoksinima. U ovom su pokusu mužjaci štakora soja Wistar jednokratno tretirani intratrahealnom instilacijom sterigmatocistinom, 5-metoksisterigmatocistinom i njihovom kombinacijom. U bronhoalveolarnoj tekućini mjerena je koncentracija albumina kao indikatora propusnosti membrane krvnih žila i aktivnost laktat dehidrogenaze u svrhu određivanja citotoksičnosti. Povećana koncentracija albumina i povećana aktivnost lakstat dehidrogenaze ukazuju na toksičnost ovih mikotoksina. Iako rezultati nisu statistički značajni, važan su doprinos poznavanju toksičnosti ovih mikotoksina izloženima putem dišnog sustava te ukazuju na potrebu budućih istraživanja o dugotrajnoj izloženosti sterigmatocistinu i 5-metoksisterigmatocistinu. Mycotoxins are a diverse group of secondary metabolites produced by molds and can be found in food and feed or air of moldy indoor spaces. They cause diseases (mycotoxicosis) via ingestion of contaminated food, through skin or inhalation of spores. Mycotoxins are studied for their toxic effects, because they cause agricultural losses, and in association with climate change. Sterigmatocystin is a secondary metabolite mostly produced by Aspergillus molds. Structurally it is similar to the most potent carcinogen found in nature – aflatoxin. Even though the toxic effects of sterigmatocystin are not well-known, it is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Some Aspergillus molds often produce 5-metoxysterigmatocystin together with sterigmatocystin, especially in moldy indoor environments. The term sick building syndrome describes a group of respiratory and central nervous system disease symptoms that can be related to mycotoxins. In the present experiment, male Wistar strain rats were intratracheally instilled with a single dose of sterigmatocystin, 5-metoxisterigmatocystin and their combination. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the following parameters were measured: concentration of albumin as an indicator of vascular membrane permeability and lactate dehydrogenase activity as an indicator of cytotoxicity. Results of acute treatment showed an increase in albumin concentration and increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Even though our results were not statistically significant, they contribute to the general knowledge on the toxicity of these mycotoxins and they are important for future research into long-term exposure to mycotoxins.
- Published
- 2021
23. Analiza tveganj suš in poplav
- Author
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Boroš, Laura and Zupan, Klementina
- Subjects
Poplava ,suša ,prevention ,measures ,škoda ,drought ,flood ,ukrepi ,damage ,preventiva - Abstract
Skoraj 70 odstotkov vseh naravnih nesreč po podatkih Svetovne meteorološke organizacije (WMO) povezujemo s podnebjem in vremenom. Zato sem se v magistrskem delu osredotočila na pregled različnih definicij za sušne in poplavne dogodke. V zadnjih desetletjih zaznavamo izrazitejše vremenske pojave za katere sklepamo, da so napoved podnebnih sprememb. Tem spremenjenim okoliščinam morajo biti prilagojeni načrti za ravnanje ob izrednih dogodkih, torej pri oblikovanju državnih načrtov za primer poplave oziroma suše tako v preventivnem smislu, kot tudi pri ukrepanju in blažitvi posledic, ko se naravna nesreča zgodi. Magistrsko delo podaja pregled pogostosti pojava poplav in suš, ki se dogajajo po svetu, v Evropi in v Sloveniji. Podani so temeljni zakoni, pravilniki in direktiva na področju varstva pred naravnimi nesrečami med katere sodita tudi suša in poplava. V delu sem s pomočjo tuje in domače literature pridobila informacije o pojavu suše in poplav tako po svetu, v Evropi kot v Sloveniji. Skozi literaturo sem pregledala vzroke za nastanek suš in poplav, kje se pojava najpogosteje pojavljata in kakšne posledice s svojim delovanjem povzročata. V delu so opisani tudi pretekli hujši sušni in poplavni dogodki v Sloveniji. S pomočjo preteklih trendov pojavljanja in analiz meteoroloških služb lahko lažje predvidevamo nastanek za pojav suš in poplav v prihodnosti. Opisani so tudi učinkoviti aktivni in pasivni ukrepi, ki jih je potrebno izvesti, da bi posledice suš ali poplav kar se da zmanjšali do sprejemljive ravni. Predstavljen je tudi načrt zaščite in reševanja ob naravnih in drugih nesrečah, s katerim se lahko lažje pripravimo na sušne in poplavne dogodke in posledično lažje blažimo posledice, ko se naravna nesreča že dogodi. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) nearly 70 percent of different natural disasters, have been related to the climate and weather. In the presented master's thesis different definitions of drought and flood events were reviewed. In recent decades we have seen more pronounced weather phenomena, which we conclude prediction of climate change. Contingenxy plans must be adapted to these changed circumstances, in the formulation of national plans in the event of a flood or drought, bouth in terms od prevention and in action and mitigation of consequences when natural disaster occurs. The master's thesis provides an overview of the frequency of floods and droughts that occur around the world, in Europe and in Slovenia. Basic laws, regulations and a directive in the field of protection against natural disasters are given, including drought and floods. In this work, with the help of foreign and domestic literature, I obtained information on the phenomenon of drought and floods around the world, in Europe and in Slovenia. Through the literature, I have reviewed the causes of droughts and floods, where the phenomena most often occur and what consequences they cause with their actions. The work also describes past severe drought and flood events in Slovenia. With the help of past trends and analyzes of meteorological services, we can more easily predict the occurrence of droughts and floods in the future. It also describes the effective active and passive measures that need to be taken to minimize the consequences of droughts or floods to an acceptable level. A plan for protection and rescue in the event of natural and other disasters is also presented, which makes it easier to prepare for drought and flood events and, consequently, to alleviate the consequences when a natural disaster has already occurred.
- Published
- 2021
24. Analiza neposrednih poplavnih škod
- Author
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Lipičar, Jakob and Banovec, Primož
- Subjects
flood damage assessment ,flood risk management ,damage curve ,UNI ,VOI ,hazard ,vulnerability ,poplavno tveganje ,flood ,udc:504.4:556.166(043.2) ,postopek ocenjevanja poplavnih škod ,graduation thesis ,expected annual damage ,pričakovana letna škoda ,ocena poplavne škode ,škodna krivulja ,poplavna škoda ,B-VOI ,diplomska naloga ,poplava ,gradbeništvo ,poplavna ogroženost ,civil engineering ,risk - Abstract
V diplomskem delu je opisan mehanizem nastanka poplav, vzroki za nastanek poplav in kakšne vrste poplav v Sloveniji poznamo. V začetnem delu naloge je analizirano izrazoslovju na področju poplavne nevarnosti, ranljivosti, ogroženosti ter tveganja. Opisane so vrste poplavnih škod ter metode vrednotenja poplavnih škod. Natančno je opisana metoda in postopek popisovanja poplavnih škod na stavbah v Republiki Sloveniji. V okviru diplomskega dela sem zbral in analiziral obrazce za popis delne škode na stanovanjskih in gospodarskih stavbah, ki je bila popisana v naseljih Kompolje in Podtabor po poplavi leta 2010. Analiza podatkov obsega primerjave in ugotovitve na podlagi različnih dejavnikov. Popisane poplavne škode sem primerjal z modeliranimi poplavnimi škodami za iste objekte po metodi Huizinge. V ugotovitvah podajam prepoznano veliko odstopanje med popisano poplavno škodo za predmetni poplavni dogodek in modelirano škodo. Kot usmeritev za nadaljnje delo je opisan tudi nemški sistem Howas21 kot primer dobre prakse zbiranja podatkov za modeliranje poplavnih škod. This thesis describes different flood mechanisms, what causes them and the types of floods that occur in Slovenia. In the first part of the thesis, terminology in the field of flood hazard, vulnerability, and risk is analyzed. Types of flood damage and methods of flood damage evaluation are described. The method and procedure for cataloguing flood damage on buildings in the Republic of Slovenia are described in detail. In the practical part of the thesis, I collected and analyzed the cataloguing forms of partial damage to residential and commercial buildings, which were catalogued in the settlements of Kompolje and Podtabor after the flood in 2010. Data analysis involves comparisons and findings based on various factors. Catalogued flood damage is compared with modelled flood damage for the same facilities according to the Huizinge method. In the findings, a large discrepancy between catalogued and modelled flood damage is presented for the event in question. The German Howas21 system is also described as a guideline for further work and as an example of good data collection practice for flood damage modelling.
- Published
- 2021
25. Poplave v mestih.
- Author
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NATEK, KAREL
- Abstract
Floods are causing more and more damage and casualties in cities, too, despite of enormous resources invested in flood protection. The causes of flooding and floods forms are very different (heavy rainfall, inflow of water from the slopes and surrounding areas, flooding of major rivers or the sea, etc.), as are their consequences. Demanding and costly technical solutions are often unavoidable, but, primarily, the urban sprawling on flood plains should be restricted, which is primarily the task of spatial and urban planning, as well as sustainable, multipurpose management of aquatic and riparian environments in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
26. ISKUSTVO ARHIVA UNSKO-SANSKOG KANTONA NA ZAŠTITI ARHIVSKE GRAĐE U VANREDNIM OKOLNOSTIMA.
- Author
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MASLAK, Sadika
- Abstract
Copyright of Arhivska Praksa is the property of Arhiv Tuzlanskog kantona & Drustvo arhivskih zaposlenika TK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
27. Migration of Sava River meanders and flood risk between Slavonski Brod and Račinovci
- Author
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Vadlja, Dominik and Gobo, Katarina
- Subjects
Posavina ,hazard ,meandriranje ,river ,meandering ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Geologija. Geologija i paleontologija ,rijeka ,poplava ,Sava ,flood ,hazard, meandriranje, poplava, Posavina, rijeka, Sava ,Savame ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Geology. Geology and Paleontology - Abstract
Rijeka Sava pokazuje meandrirajuć karakter na svojoj dionici između Slavonskog Broda i sela Račinovci gdje je 2014. godine na dva mjesta probila nasip i uzrokovala dosad nezabilježenu poplavu u brodskoj Posavini. Kontinuiranom erozijom i taloženjem meandrirajuća rijeka se razvija u horizontalnoj ravnini, stoga se može reći kako njeno korito migrira. U ovome radu izvršena je usporedba stare karte „Slawonische Militärgrenze“ (1780) i modernih satelitskih snimaka te su se na taj način uočile i zabilježile migracije meandara rijeke Save u proteklih 240 godina. Također, uporabom podataka o maksimalnim godišnjim protocima prikupljenih na trima hidrološkim postajama izračunati su parametri intervala i vjerojatnosti pojavljivanja te je na taj način u ovome radu procijenjen rizik od poplava na dionici rijeke Save između Slavonskog Broda i Račinovaca. The Sava River is meandering on its section between Slavonski Brod and the village of Račinovci, where in 2014 it broke through the embankment in two places and caused an unprecedented flood in area known as brodska Posavina. Through continuous erosion and deposition, the meandering river evolves in a horizontal plane, so it can be said that its channel migrates. This thesis presents a comparison of the old map „Slawonische Militärgrenze“ (1780) and modern satellite images to show the migrations of the Sava River meanders in the past 240 years. Also, using maximum annual discharge data from three hydrological stations, recurrence intervals and probabilities of occurrence were calculated, leading to an estimate of flood risk on the section of the Sava River between Slavonski Brod and Račinovci village.
- Published
- 2021
28. Primjena podataka satelitske misije Copernicus u inženjerstvu okoliša
- Author
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Tolić, Anamarija and Kranjčić, Nikola
- Subjects
remote sensing ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Interdisciplinarne tehničke znanosti. Inženjerstvo okoliša ,daljinska istraživanja ,satelitske misije ,požar ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences. Environmental Engineering ,poplava ,urbanizacija ,urbanization ,flood ,satellite missions ,wildfire - Abstract
U ovom radu dane su osnovne informacije o daljinskim istraživanjima i satelitskim misijama. Praktični dio ovog rada temelji se na primjenama daljinskih istraživanja i satelitskih misija u inženjerstvu okoliša. Tri primjene su razmatrane i opisane. Prva primjena je analiza poplave u Županji te izračun veličine područja koji je poplavljen te smo za tu primjenu koristili satelitske snimke Landsata 8. Druga primjena se bavi požarom u Splitu te smo pomoću satelitske misije Copenicus i satelita Sentinel 2 dobili mapu opožarenog područja. Još jedna primjena je bila izračun urbaniziranog područja za grad Varaždin od 2001.g. do 2020.g.. Za tu primjenu korištene su satelitske snimke Landsata 7 i Landsata 8. The basic information about remote sensing and satellite missions were given in this paper. The practial part of the paper is based on the applications of remote sensing and satellite missions in environmental engineering. Three applications were considered and described. The first application was an analysis of a flood that happened in Županja and a calculation of the territory that was flooded and for that we used satellite images from Landsat 8 .The second application dealt with wildfire that happened in Split and with the analysis of that fire we gained a map of the burned area. For that application we used satellite mission Copernicus and satellite Sentinel 2. One more application was considered and that was a calculation of urbanization of the town of Varaždin from 2001. to 2020.. For that application we used satellite images from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8.
- Published
- 2021
29. Flood protection of the Mura River in Croatia
- Author
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Šafarić, Karlo and Čanjevac, Ivan
- Subjects
defense ,Croatia ,obrana ,INTERDISCIPLINARNA PODRUČJA ZNANOSTI. Geografija ,Mura ,zaštita ,Hrvatska ,INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE. Geography ,poplava ,flood ,protection - Abstract
Fokus ovog rada je zaštita od poplava rijeke Mure. U Hrvatskoj je svijest od opasnosti od poplava porasla nakon nekoliko velikih poplava prošlog desetljeća. Poplave su dokazale da jedinice lokalne samouprave nisu bile dovoljno pripremljene za takve događaje. U radu se opisuje projekt zaštite od poplave, rekonstrukcija postojećih i izgradnja novih murskih nasipa, trenutna ranjivosti na području nekoliko jedinica lokalne samouprave u Međimurju, te međudržavna zaštita u suradnji sa Slovenijom. The focus of this paper is flood protection of the Mura River. In Croatia, awareness of the dangers of floods has risen after several major floods over the past decade. The floods proved that local governments were not sufficiently prepared for such events. The paper describes the flood protection project, reconstruction of existing and construction of new Mura embankments, current vulnerabilities in the area of several local self-government units in Međimurje, and interstate protection in cooperation with Slovenia.
- Published
- 2020
30. Floodplains and Alluvium
- Author
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Japarić, Edi and Meaški, Hrvoje
- Subjects
aluvij ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Interdisciplinarne tehničke znanosti. Inženjerstvo okoliša ,Poplava ,river ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences. Environmental Engineering ,rijeka ,Flood ,alluvium - Abstract
Poplava je prirodan proces koji ima svoje dobre strane, ali u najčešćim slučajevima lošije strane su zapaženije. Poplave se najčešće pojavljuju nakon obilnih kiša, ali to nije uvijek slučaj. U ovom radu je opisano koje sve vrste poplava postoje, što utječe na njihovo pojavljivanje, koje posljedice i štete zadaju te kako se od njih obraniti. Kroz primjere Lonjskog polja i Kopačkog rita moguće je vidjeti kako se poplave ponašaju u aluvijalnim područjima. Detaljno je objašnjeno kakva su to aluvijalna područja, kako nastaju te kada su nastala. Flood is a natural process which has positive sides, but mostly its negative sides are more noticeable. Floods typically occur after a heavy rain, but it's not always the case. The paper describes what types of floods there are, what affects their occurrence, the consequences and damage they inflict and how to prevent them. The examples of floods in the areas of the Sava and Drava River show their behaviour in alluvial areas as well as the way and time of their appearance.
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- 2020
31. Regulation of the torrent Blažovnica from the perspective of flood safety of Limbuš settlement
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Leskovar, Matjaž and Kramer Stajnko, Janja
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regulation measures ,hidravlično modeliranje ,udc:627.51(043.2) ,poplava ,hudournik ,flood ,ureditveni ukrepi ,torrent ,hydraulic modeling - Abstract
Magistrsko delo obsega projektno obdelavo hudournika Blažovnica s stališča hidrološko-hidravličnih razmer od povirja na severovzhodnih pobočjih Pohorja do izliva v reko Dravo pod naseljem Limbuš. Na celotnem poseljenem območju doline ob potoku so opredeljeni odseki razlivanja in poplavljanja, kjer so ogroženi stanovanjski objekti ter ostala infrastruktura. Glavni namen naloge je izboljšati poplavno varnost urbanega predela Limbuša. Izvedena je bila hidrološko-hidravlična analiza doline Blažovnice, katere rezultati so prikazali gibanje vodnega toka po obravnavanem območju ter opozorili na kritična območja razlivanja in poplavljanja. V programskem orodju HEC-RAS, verzije 5.0.6 in 5.0.7, (Hydrologic Engineering Center, River Analiysis System) smo vzdolž doline pripravili dvodimenzijske (2D) numerične hidravlične modele glavne struge s pomembnejšimi pritoki in poplavnimi površinami. Modeli so bili nastavljeni za simulacijo pretokov ob razvoju visokih voda s 100-letno povratno dobo. Z vidika poplavne varnosti smo se usmerili v ureditev struge v poplavnem urbanem predelu Limbuša. Zasnovani so bili ureditveni ukrepi, ki zagotavljajo poplavno varnost območja pred 100-letnimi visokimi vodami. Rezultati modela projektiranega stanja prikazujejo simulacijo kontroliranih pretokov skozi naselje Limbuš. Projektiranje in umeščanje ukrepov v prostor je potekalo v principu celostnega urejanja, s čimer bo dosežen ugoden vpliv na stanje voda v širšem območju dolvodno in gorvodno od predvidene ureditve struge. The master thesis covers the project treatment of the torrent Blažovnica in view of hydrological and hydraulic conditions from the sources on the north-eastern slopes of Pohorje to the outflow into the river Drava below the settlement of Limbuš. There are sections of spills and floods defined in the entire populated area of the valley along the stream, where residential buildings and other infrastructure are endangered. However, the main goal of the task is to improve the flood safety of the urban area of Limbuš. A hydrological-hydraulic analysis of the Blažovnica valley was carried out, whose results showed the movement of the water flow through the considered area and drew attention to the critical areas of spillage and flooding. We used the software tool HEC-RAS versions 5.0.6 and 5.0.7 (Hydrologic Engineering Center, River Analysis System) to prepare two-dimensional (2D) numerical hydraulic models of the main riverbed with significant tributaries and floodplains along the valley. The models were set up to simulate flows during high-water development with a hundred-year return period. In terms of flood safety, we focused on the regulation of the riverbed in flooded urban area of Limbuš. Regulation measures have been designed to ensure the flood safety of the area against hundred-year period high waters. The results of designed state model show a simulation of controlled flows through the Limbuš settlement. The design and placement of measures in place was carried out on the principle of integrated regulation, which will achieve a favorable impact on the state of water in the wider area downstream as well as upstream of the planned regulation of the riverbed.
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- 2020
32. Land characteristics and soil suitability for arable land of Crnačko and Stajničko polje
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Željko Vidaček
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karst ,land ,soil pollution ,flood ,soil suitability ,land reclamation ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,krš ,tlo ,zemljište ,onečišćenje tla ,poplava ,pogodnost tla ,uređenje zemljišta ,Land reclamation ,Flood myth ,General Arts and Humanities ,Environmental science ,Water resource management ,Karst ,Soil contamination - Abstract
U radu su korišteni neobjavljeni podaci o zemljišnim uvjetima, pedološkim značajkama i namjenskoj pogodnosti tala Crnačkog i Stajničkog polja. Analizirani su i namjenski interpretirani podaci o relevantnim čimbenicima, razvoju tala, geološko litološkoj podlozi - matičnom supstratu, oborinama, poplavama i vegetaciji. Razmatrana je sistematika i prostorna zastupljenost tala. Interpretirane su morfološke, fizikalne i kemijske značajke tala, oborinska voda u tlu, osjetljivost tla na propuštanje onečišćivača i pogodnost tla za oranice, te preporučene mjere za uređenje, Unpublished data on the pedological characteristics and dedicated soil suitability of Crnačko and Stajničko polje were used in this paper. Data on relevant factors of soil development, geological lithological substrate-parent substrate, precipitation, floods and vegetation were analyzed and purposefully interpreted. Systematics and spatial representation of soils are considered. The morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, rainwater in the soil, the sensitivity of the soil to the leaching of pollutants, the suitability of the soil for arable land, then land reclamation measures were interpreted.
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- 2020
33. Razvoj uporabniškega modula: prispevek k poplavno vzdržnemu prostorskemu načrtovanju
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Sergeja Praper Gulič and Barbara Goličnik Marušić
- Subjects
integralno modeliranje ,uporabniški pristop ,prostorsko načrtovanje ,Urban Studies ,Cultural Studies ,HT165.5-169.9 ,vedenjski zemljevid ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Architecture ,poplava ,City planning - Abstract
Članek v kontekstu trajnostnega poplavno vzdržnega prostorskega načrtovanja obravnava vlogo in pomen poznavanja vprašanj, povezanih z uporabniki prostora. Predstavlja koncept in metodološki razvoj tako imenovanega uporabniškega modula, enega od treh modulov modela celovitega sistema poplavno vzdržnega prostorskega načrtovanja. Na podlagi analiz dnevnih rutin izbranega uporabniškega profila, ki temeljijo na metodi vedenjskih zemljevidov, v kontekstu analiz modeliranja visokih voda obravnava drobne, a pomembne, podatke. S tem umešča poznavanje dinamike vsakdanjega življenja v poplavno modeliranje in poplavno vzdržno načrtovanje, ki pa običajno temelji na masovnih podatkih. Tako osnovan uporabniški modul je bil preizkušan in proučevan na testnem pilotnem območju, Planinskem polju. To je tipično kraško prelivno polje, ki je pogosto poplavljeno. Prispevek prinaša nov pristop, ki temelji na poznavanju delovanja uporabnika v prostoru in odpira nove vidike poplavno vzdržnega ali varnega prostorskega načrtovanja.
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- 2018
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34. POMEN GEODETSKIH PODATKOV PRI ANALIZAH POPLAV.
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Globevnik, Lidija and Vrenko, Dunja Zupan
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FLOODS , *MATHEMATICAL models , *FLUID dynamics , *INFRARED radiation , *FLOOD control - Abstract
Floodwater is mathematically modelled with the use of St Venant's equations. The key data is the elevation of water. For better results, accurate information about the terrain and flood water heights recorded with known flow rates is needed. Remote sensing methods provide very useful information for terrain and flood water heights. Care should be taken with geo-referencing and image interpretation. Infrared (IR) images of floods in 2010 have proven to be good and useful for flood management. This article presents the results of interpretation of all the IR images taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
35. NEKAJ TEŽAV PRI HIDRAVLIČNIH ANALIZAH POPLAVNIH TOKOV VZVEZI Z GEODETSKIMI PODLAGAMI.
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Marinček, Matija Bogdan
- Subjects
- *
BODIES of water , *FLOOD control , *RIVER channels , *GEODESY , *FLOODS - Abstract
This paper explores the problems caused by human impact with settlements and infrastructure in the surface water bodies, especially in potential flood plans. Moreover, the principles and obligations of the EU Flood Directive (2007/60/EC), which supplements the Water Frame Directive, are discussed. The principles and obligations of this directive have been introduced in Slovenia by local legislation: Decree on conditions and limitations for constructions and activities on flood risk areas (OG RS, No. 89/2008) and Rules on methodology to define flood risk areas and erosion areas connected to floods and classification of plots into risk classes (OG RS, No. 60/2007). Some features and obligations of state-of- the-art hydraulic mathematical models for surface water dynamics simulation are described. Several problems encountered in developing the models and simulating problems are described; these involve using temporarily available geodetic data of the river beds and flood plans and some suggestions for improving of the modelling are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
36. FROM RESILIENCE TO RELIANCE. STATE DISRUPTION OF TRADITIONAL FLOOD MITIGATION STRATEGIES.
- Author
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MULVANY, AARON
- Subjects
FLOOD control ,EMERGENCY management ,DISASTER relief research ,FISHERS ,TSUNAMIS ,RAINFALL - Abstract
Copyright of Croatian Journal of Ethnology & Folklore Research / Narodna Umjetnost is the property of Institute of Ethnology & Folklore Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
37. RECENTNE HIDROMORFOLOŠKE PROMJENE NA ŠIREM PODRUČJU UŠĆA MURE U DRAVU.
- Author
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Šafarek, Goran
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija is the property of Society for Croatian Economic & Environmental History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
38. Post-flood dustborne and foodborne moulds
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Šmalcelj, Filip and Jakšić, Daniela
- Subjects
Circumdati ,Versicolores ,CaM ,flood ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy ,Nigri ,aspergili ,dustborne moulds ,Aspergilli ,poplava ,foodborne moulds ,plijesni u prašini ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,plijesni u hrani ,Flavi - Abstract
Poplava u Gunji, selu na istoku Hrvatske, uništila je mnoge domove 2014. godine te uzrokovala promjene u kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom sastavu plijesni u različitim supstratima, uključujući prašinu i hranu. Obzirom na njihov alergijski, invazivni i mikotoksinogeni potencijal od osobitog su javnozdravstvenoga značaja aspergili iz sekcija Circumdati, Flavi, Nigri i Versicolores, koje mogu biti prisutne kako u zatvorenim prostorima tako i u hrani za ljude i životinje. Kako bi odredili kvantitativni i kvalitativni sastav plijesni u prašini i žitaricama nakon poplave, u veljači 2017. godine prikupljena je prašina u neobnovljenim (N = 5) i obnovljenim (N = 6) lokacijama u Gunji (kuće i škola) kao i uzorci žitarica (N = 6). Također su prikupljeni i kontrolni uzorci prašine i žitarica u Gornjem Stupniku (N = 5). Koncentracije plijesni u prašini, među kojima je najviše bilo plijesni roda Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp., bile su oko tri puta veće na neobnovljeni lokacijama nego na kontrolnim lokacijama, a koncentracije aspergila bile su i do dvadeset puta veće u odnosu na one u kontrolnim uzorcima prašine (3,1 x 105 ± 10,4 x 105 CFU/g). Iako je ukupna koncentracija plijesni u prašini s obnovljenih lokacija bila niža u odnosu na kontrolne uzorke, koncentracije aspergila su bile oko 1,6 puta više (4,1 x 104 ± 7,9 x 104 CFU/g). Na temelju morfoloških obilježja trideset i jedan izolat aspergila raspoređen je po sekcijama (Circumdati, Flavi, Nigri i Versicolores), a identifikacija do razine vrste provedena je na temelju analize genskih slijedova dijela gena za kalmodulin (CaM). Identificirane vrste aspergila bile su: A. ochraceus i A. ostianus iz sekcije Circumdati (4/31), A. flavus iz sekcije Flavi (7/31), A. tubingensis i A. welwitschiae iz sekcije Nigri (14/31) te vrste A. amoenus, A. jensenii, A. protuberus i A. sydowii iz sekcije Versicolores (8/31). Dominirali su aspergili iz sekcije Versicolores, osobito u prašini prikupljenoj na neobnovljenim lokacijama gdje su im koncentracije dosezale 2,27 x 103 ± 2,44 x 103 CFU/g. Koncentracije plijesni u žitaricama bile su slične na obe lokacije (6,25 x 102 ± 1,04 x 103 CFU/g u Gunji i 4,69 x 102 ± 7,28 x 102 CFU/g u Gornjem Stupniku). Međutim, koncentracije aspergila su bile do tri puta više u žitaricama iz Gunje (6,25 x 102 ± 1,04 x 103 CFU/g). Samo je jedan izolat aspergila iz sekcije Nigri (A. welwitschiae) detektiran u pšenici iz Gunje, a u kukuruzu iz Gornjeg Stupnika dva izolata aspergila iz sekcije Flavi (A. flavus) detektirani su u kukuruzu. Identificirani aspergili iz prašine i hrane potencijalni su proizvođači mikotoksina, uključujući okratoksine, aflatoksine, fumonizine i sterigmatocistin te time pridonose štetnim učincima na zdravlje ljudi bilo uslijed inhalacije kontaminirane prašine ili ingestije kontaminirane hrane. The flood in Gunja, a village in Eastern Croatia, destroyed many homes in 2014 and affected the change in quantitative and qualitative compositions of molds in different substrates, including dust and grains. Because of their allergic and invasive potential and the secretion of mycotoxins, the Aspergilli from the sections Circumdati, Flavi, Nigri and Versicolores, ubiquitous both in water damaged indoor environments and grains, are important to investigate. To assess post-flood qualitative and quantitative composition of dustborne and foodborne moulds, in February 2017 the samples of house dust were collected from unrepaired (N = 5) and repaired locations (N = 6) in Gunja (houses and a school) and from control locations (houses and schools) in Gornji Stupnik (N = 6). Additionally, the samples of grains were collected in Gunja (N = 6) and Gornji Stupnik (N = 6) The concentrations of dustborne moulds, namely Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp., from unrepaired locations in Gunja were about three times higher while the concentrations of dustborne Aspergilli were up to twenty times higher than in control samples (3.1 x 105 ± 10.4 x 105 CFU/g). The concentrations of dustborne moulds were up to six times lower in the samples from repaired locations than in control samples, but the concentrations of Aspergilli were 1.6 times higher than in control samples (4,1 x 104 ± 7,9 x 104 CFU/g). After the morphological analysis, thirty-one Aspergilli were isolated and selected for identification based on partial calmodulin sequences (CaM). Aspergilli from the section Versicolores dominated among the Aspergilli of interest, especially in the dust from unrepaired locations where their concentrations were up to 2.27 x 103 ± 2.44 x 103 CFU/g. Based on partial CaM sequences a total of 31 dustborne Aspergilli were isolated and identified to the species level: A. ochraceus and A. ostianus from the section Circumdati (4/31), A. flavus from the section Flavi (7/31), A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae from the section Nigri (14/31) and A. amoenus, A. jensenii, A. protuberus and A. sydowii from the section Versicolores (8/31). The concentrations of foodborne moulds were similar in the grains collected in Gunja and Gornji Stupnik (6.25 x 102 ± 1.04 x 103 CFU/g and 4.69 x 102 ± 7.28 x 102 CFU/g, respectively). However, the concentrations of foodborne Aspergilli were up to three times higher in the grains from Gunja than in those from Gornji Stupnik (6.25 x 102 ± 1.04 x 103 CFU/g). Only one isolate assigned to the Aspergillus section Nigri was isolated from wheat collected in Gunja and identified to A. welwitschiae, while two isolates assigned to the Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated from corn collected in Gornji Stupnik and identified to A. flavus. The identified dustborne and foodborne Aspergilli may produce mycotoxins including ochratoxins, aflatoxins, fumonisins and sterigmatocystin, and thus contribute to possible adverse health effects either upon the inhalation of contaminated dust or the ingestion of contaminated food.
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- 2019
39. Flood embankments – calculation according to Eurocode
- Author
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Tanja Roje-Bonacci
- Subjects
embankment ,flood ,Eurocode 7 ,design approach ,partial coefficients ,nasip ,poplava ,Eurokod 7 ,projektni pristup ,parcijalni koeficijenti - Abstract
Nasipi za obranu od poplava su geotehničke građevine. One su bitne građevine za zaštitu ljudskih života i materijalnih dobara. Eurocode 7: Geotehničko projektiranje-dio 1.: Opća pravila, o njima ne vodi dovoljno računa. Projektanti su dužni pridržavati se naputaka iz ovog propisa, a oni se nalaze u nekoliko poglavlja EC7/1, što za projektante može djelovati zbunjujuće. Ovim radom nastojalo se pomoći projektantima pri projektiranju i dimenzioniranu nasipa za obranu od poplava prema Eurokodu 7. Manjkavost EC7 u odnosu na nasipe za obranu od poplava uočila je i grupa za praćenje projekta pod nazivom „International Levee Handbook (ILH)“ (CIRIA C731, (2013.), te je za potrebe Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i Irske izradila 2014. godine nacionalne upute pod nazivom “Primjena Eurokoda 7 na projektiranje nasipa za obranu od poplava” (dostupne na internetu). Tekst koji slijedi nije prijevod tog rada niti ga opisuje., Flood embankments are geotechnical facilities important for protection of human life and property. Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General Rules; however, they are insufficiently taken into account. Design engineers are obliged to comply with the guidelines under this regulation, which are included in several EC7/1 chapters and may be confusing the engineers. The paper attempts to provide help to the engineers in the design and dimensioning of flood embankments according to Eurocod 7. The EC7 shortcomings with regard to flood protection dikes were noted by the group for the project monitoring – “International Levee Handbook (ILH)“ (CIRIA C731, (2013.). In 2014, they developed the national guidelines for the UK and Ireland – Application of Eurocode 7 to the design of flood embankments” (available on the internet). The text in this paper is not a translation or description of this document.
- Published
- 2019
40. Identifikacija plijesni roda Aspergillus iz uzoraka zraka nakon poplave
- Author
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Durbek, Jelena and Jakšić, Daniela
- Subjects
Circumdati ,CaM ,rod Aspergillus ,Aspergilli species ,flood ,aspergilli ,poplava, plijesni u zraku, aspergili, CaM, Nigri, Circumdati, Flavi ,molds in air ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy ,Nigri ,aspergili ,poplava ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,plijesni u zraku ,Flavi - Abstract
U godini 2014. je u Hrvatskoj zabilježen rekordni broj poplava kao posljedica iznimno dugotrajnog i intenzivnog kišnog razdoblja, čije su razorne posljedice posebno zabilježene u području Gunje. Povećana dostupnost vode je stvorila povoljne uvjete za promjenu sastava plijesni u različitim supstratima te pogodovala širenju konidija i fragmenata micelija plijesni zrakom. Plijesnima roda Aspergillus posebno pogoduju uvjeti povećanog aktiviteta vode u supstratu, a zbog njihovog alergijskog, invazivnog i mikotoksinogenog potencijala od osobitog su javnozdravstvenoga značaja aspergili iz sekcija Nigri, Circumdati i Flavi. Izolati aspergila (N = 23) su prikupljeni uzorkovanjem iz zraka tijekom veljače i rujna 2016. godine na obnovljenim i neobnovljenim lokacijama u Gunji te kontrolnim lokacijama u Gornjem Stupniku. Identifikacija aspergila do razine vrste je provedena na temelju analize sljedova dijela gena za kalmodulin (CaM). Identificirano je ukupno 10 različitih vrsta aspergila iz sekcije Nigri (A. tubingensis, N=7; A. welwitschiae, N=3; A. niger, N=1; A. piperis, N=1; A. uvarum, N=1), Circumdati (A. westerdijkiae, N=3; A. ochraceus, N=2; A. sclerotiorum, N=2), Flavi (A. flavus, N=2) te jedan izolat iz sekcije Cremei (A. dimorphicus) koji je morfološkim karakteristikama bio sličan aspergilima iz sekcije Circumdati, no identitet je potvrđen nakon molekularne analize. Najveća bioraznolikost je uočena na obnovljenim lokacijama u Gunji, gdje je identificirano 7 različitih vrsta. Na obnovljenim te neobnovljenim lokacijama u Gunji o odnosu na kontrolne lokacije u Gornjem Stupniku su zastupljenije vrste sekcije Circumdati, vrsta A. tubingensis iz sekcije Nigri te vrsta A. flavus iz sekcije Flavi. Identificirane plijesni roda Aspergillus potencijalni su proizvođači mikotoksina, uključujući okratoksine, aflatoksine i fumonizine, čime pridonose štetnim učincima na zdravlje ljudi uslijed inhalacije kontaminiranog zraka. In 2014, a record number of floods was documented in Croatia as a result of an extremely long and intense rainy season, the devastating consequences of which were especially recorded in the Gunja area. Increased availability of water has created favorable conditions for changing the composition of molds in different substrates, and favored the spread of conidia and mycelial fragments of molds by air. Aspergilli are particularly favored by increased water activity in the substrate, and because of their allergic, invasive and mycotoxinogenic potential, aspergilli from the Niger, Circumdati and Flavi sections are of particular public health importance. Aspergilli isolates (N = 23) were collected by aer sampling during February and September 2016 at repaired and unrepaired locations in Gunja and control sites in Gornji Stupnik. Identification of Aspergilli to the species level was performed based on analysis of partial calmodulin (CaM) gene sequences . A total of 10 different species of Aspergilli from the section Nigri were identified (A. tubingensis, N = 7; A. welwitschiae, N = 3; A. niger, N = 1; A. piperis, N = 1; A. uvarum, N = 1), Circumdati (A. westerdijkiae, N = 3; A. ochraceus, N = 2; A. sclerotiorum, N = 2), Flavi (A. flavus, N = 2), and one isolate from the section Cremei (A. dimorphicus) which had similar morphological characteristics to Aspergilli from the Circumdati section, but the identity was confirmed after molecular analysis. The highest biodiversity was observed in the repaired locations in Gunja, where 7 different species were identified. At the repaired and unrepaired locations in Gunja, relative to the control sites in Gornji Stupnik, the species of section Circumdati, A. tubingensis from section Nigri and A. flavus from section Flavi are more prevalent. The identified molds of the genus Aspergillus are potential producers of mycotoxins, including ochratoxins, aflatoxins and fumonisins, thereby contributing to adverse human health effects of contaminated air inhalation.
- Published
- 2019
41. Determinacija procjednih zona u nasipu primjenom in-situ istraživanja
- Author
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Alen Filipović, Stjepan Strelec, Kristijan Grabar, Jasmin Jug, and Zekan, Sabid
- Subjects
Nasip ,poplava ,procjeđivanje ,in-situ istraživanja - Abstract
Nasip, kao hidrotehnička građevina, ima glavnu namjenu obraniti naseljena područja od poplava, odnosno zaštiti od štetnog djelovanja visokih voda. Zato je vrlo važno kontinuirano provoditi monitoring funkcionalnosti nasipa, a po potrebi izvesti rekonstrukciju ili dogradnju. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati in-situ istraživanja nasipa namijenjenog za obranu od poplava naselja Sv. Martin na Muri. Zadatak istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje podpovršinskog stanja i geotehničkih značajki nasipnog materijala i prirodnog temeljnog tla, te otkrivanje procjednih zona. Rezultati geofizičkih istraživanja metodom refrakcijske seizmike pokazali su se prikladnima za određivanje geotehničkih značajki tla, dok je metoda električne 2D tomografije uspješno detektirala vodopropusne zone. Dodatna penetracijska istraživanja, u svrhu kontrole i verifikacije rezultata geofizičkih istraživanja, provedena su korištenjem teške udarne sonde. Interpretacijom rezultata svih provedenih istraživanja postignuti su optimalni uvjeti za fazu projektiranja rekonstrukcije i dogradnje predmetnog nasipa.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Regime of the river Drava in Croatia considering floods
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Bošnjak, Goran and Đurin, Bojan
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građevine ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Interdisciplinarne tehničke znanosti. Inženjerstvo okoliša ,rijeka Drava ,vodni režim ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences. Environmental Engineering ,poplava ,rijeka Drava, vodni režim, poplava, građevine - Abstract
Uvodni dio rada opisuje rijeku Dravu, njezine najvažnije karakteristike, povijesni pregled događaja i hidrološke karakteristike. Slijedeći dio opisuje poplave rijeke Drave, kojih je bilo u velikom broju u proteklom razdoblju. Poplave su nepogode koje mogu imati prirodne i antropogene uzroke. U radu se analizira utjecaj čovjeka na vodni režim rijeke Drave. Hidrotehničke građevine koje se grade u svrhu zaštite od poplava su akumulacije, retencije, vodne stepenice, regulacijski zahvati i nasipi. U posljednjem dijelu rada analiziraju se pravni i ekološki problemi vezani uz poplave.
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- 2018
43. Post-flood biodiversity of dustborne fungi
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Kovačević, Ivana and Šegvić Klarić, Maja
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mikotoksini ,Aspergillus ,dustborne fungi ,mycotoxins ,Penicillium ,poplava ,poplava, plijesni u prašini, mikotoksini, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium ,flood ,plijesni u prašini ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,Cladosporium ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
Poplava u općini Gunja u 2014. godini uništila je brojne domove te utjecala na promjene u koncentraciji i sastavu plijesni u različitim supstratima što se odrazilo i na sastav kućne prašine. Kako bi se utvrdio kvantitativni i kvalitativni sastav plijesni u prašini, u rujnu 2017. godini prikupljeni su uzorci prašine iz neobnovljenih (N = 5) i obnovljenih lokacija (N = 6) u Gunji uključujući obnovljene kuće i školu, kao i kuća i škole na kontrolnoj lokaciji u Gornjem Stupniku (N = 6). Na temelju makroskopskih obilježja kolonija poraslih na odgovarajućim hranjivim podlogama te mikromorfologije, a usporedbom s odgovarajućom literaturom plijesni su identificirane do razine roda, te kvantificirane. Plijesni rodova Aspergillus, Cladosporium i Penicillium izolirani su iz prašine s najvećeg broja lokacija (N = 16, N = 15, N = 15). Pri tome su plijesni roda Cladosporium izolirane u najvećoj koncentraciji (8,6 x 105 CFU/g) i to na neobnovljenim lokacijama u Gunji, na DG-18 agaru. Aspergili su izolirani u 50 puta većim koncentracijama iz prašine s poplavljenog nego s kontrolnog područja, a kladosporije u 15 puta većim koncentracijama na obnovljenim nego na kontrolnim lokacijama te ih je 4 puta više bilo na neobnovljenim nego na obnovljenim lokacijama. Nadalje, penicilije su izolirane u najvećim koncentracijama na obnovljenim lokacijama i to do 14 puta većim nego na neobnovljenim ili kontrolnim lokacijama. Plijesni roda Alternaria i Wallemia te kvasci izolirani su iz prašine sa sve tri skupine lokacija (N = 10, N = 6, N = 14, po redu). Pri tome je Wallemia spp. izolirana samo na DG-18 agaru. Plijesni roda Phoma i Absidia izolirane su s po jedne lokacije i to jedne obnovljene i jedne kontrolne, po redu. Rezultati analize upućuju na rizik za zdravlje izloženih ljudi osobito u uvjetima povećane koncentracije plijesni u prašini. S obzirom na njihov genski potencijal biosinteze sekundarnih metabolita, po inhalaciji mikotoksinogenih čestica u dišnom sustavu izloženih ljudi mogu se ispoljiti toksični učinci. The flood in Gunja village in Eastern Croatia in 2014, destroyed many homes and affected the changes in concentration and composition of moulds in different substrates, which also reflected on the composition of dustborne moulds. To determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of dustborne moulds, in September 2017 dust samples were collected from unrenovated (N = 5) and renovated sites (N = 6) in Gunja including renovated houses and schools as well as houses and schools at control locations in Gornji Stupnik (N = 6). Based on macroscopic characteristics of colonies growing on appropriate nutrients and their micromorphology by comparing with appropriate literature, moulds were identified to the level of genus and quantified. Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from most locations (N = 16, N = 15, N = 15, respectively). In this case, Cladosporium spp. was isolated at the highest concentrations (8,6 x 105 CFU/g) from unrenovated locations in Gunji, on the DG-18 agar. The concentration of the Aspergilli were 50 times higher in flooded locations in Gunja than in the control area, and the concentration of Cladosporium spp. were 15 times higher in renovated locations than in control locations and were 4 times higher in unrenovated than in renovated locations. Furthermore, Penicillium spp. were isolated at the highest concentrations in renovated locations, up to 14 times higher than in unrenovated or control locations. The Alternaria spp., Wallemia spp. and yeasts were isolated from all three groups of sites (N = 10, N = 6, N = 14, respectively). In this case, Wallemia spp. was isolated only on the DG-18 agar. Phoma spp. was isolated from one renovated location and Absidia spp. was isolated from one control location. These results point to the health risks of the exposed people followed by inhalation of mycotoxinogenic particles, especially in the conditions of increased concentration of dustborne fungi.
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- 2018
44. Geo-informacijska tehnologija za oceno tveganosti nesreč
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Ćosić, Đorđe, Popov, Sađan, Sakulski, Dušan, and Pavlović, Ana
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safety ,landslide ,hazard ,vulnerability ,risk management ,udc:528:659.2:004 ,varnost ,flooding ,ocena tveganja ,skrajnost ,poplava ,resilience ,geografski informacijski sistemi ,poplave ,tveganje ,geographic information systems ,odpornost ,upravljanje s tveganji ,geoinformatika ,risk assessment ,Srbija ,coping capacity ,ogroženost ,earthquake ,exceedance ,potresi ,plaz ,potres - Abstract
The Serbian territory (including the territory of the former Yugoslavia) has been continuously exposed to different hazards, often with tragic consequences. Earthquakes and floods, usually followed by landslides, are the most dominant hazards in that region. Disaster risk reduction, prevention and early warning, as an integral part of sustainable development, do not exist in Serbia. That is one of the main reasons why the disaster-related damage is high. Despite very long experience in engineering and resources management in Serbia, there are no scientifically supported and standardized disaster risk-assessment procedures. Expertise only exists in the field of engineering-based hazard assessment. The risk-assessment method proposed in this research includes, apart from hazards, parameters such as vulnerability, exposure and safety. It considers the environmental and social components of risk management. The proposed method, implementing combined mathematical and 3D GIS tools, was applied for the Danube River, Petrovaradin (the city of Novi Sad) area, for which data were available. The relationship between the risk parameters is calculated and graphically presented. Methods like this one should contribute to a shift from a passive disaster-related defense to a proactive disaster risk management, as well as from emergency management only, to disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation activities, in Serbia and the Western Balkan Region. Srbsko področje (skupaj s področjem bivše Jugoslavije) je nenehno izpostavljeno različnim tveganjem, ki imajo pogosto tragične posledice. Potresi in poplave, ki jim običajno sledijo plazovi, so najbolj pogosta tveganja v tej regiji. V Srbiji nimamo sistema zmanjševanja tveganja katastrof, preprečevanja in zgodnjega opozarjanja kot integralnega dela dolgoročnega razvoja. To je eden glavnih razlogov, zakaj je škoda ob nesrečah tako velika. V Srbiji nimamo znanstveno podprtih in standardiziranih postopkov za oceno tveganosti nesreč. Postopki obstajajo samo na področju tehničnih ocen tveganj. Metoda ocenjevanja tveganja, ki jo predstavlja naša raziskava, vsebujejo poleg tveganj parametre kot so ranljivost, izpostavljenost in varnost. Vsebuje tudi okoljske in družbene komponente nevarnosti. Predlagano metodo, ki vključuje kombinirana matematična in 3D GIS orodja, smo uporabili za območje Donave, Petrovaradina (del Novega Sada), za katero smo imeli na razpolago podatke. Odnos med parametri tveganja smo izračunali in grafično predstavili. Metode kot je ta bi morale, v Srbiji in zahodno balkanski regiji, prispevati k premiku od pasivne obrambe v primeru nesreč do aktivnega delovanja, od zgolj nujne pomoči do preprečevanja nesreč, zagotavljanja pripravljenosti in ublažitve posledic.
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- 2018
45. Conservation of Damage to Library Materials Caused by Flooding, and Proposed Preventive Measures
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Car, Ivana, Lozo, Branka, and Strižić Jakovljević, Maja
- Subjects
knjižnična građa ,papir ,poplava ,oštećenja ,metode sušenja ,preventivna zaštita ,library materials ,paper ,flood ,damage ,drying methods ,preventive protection - Abstract
Oštećenja knjižnične građe nastala kao posljedica poplave nisu uobičajena oštećenja s kojima se konzervatori i restauratori susreću u svakodnevnim okolnostima, s obzirom na to da do močenja knjižničnog gradiva dolazi relativno rijetko. U ovom članku opisan je slučaj poplave Gradske knjižnice „Juraj Šižgorić“ u Šibeniku, primjenjivane tehnike sušenja stradale knjižnične građe te njihov učinak, kao i sanacija prostorija oštećenih poplavom. Svrha ovoga rada je, analizom stanja Gradske knjižnice prije, tijekom i nakon poplave, utvrditi uzrok i spriječiti njezino ponavljanje. Uzrok poplave tražen je analizom odstupanja od IFLA-inih načela o skrbi i rukovanju knjižničnom građom, analiziranjem povijesti Gradske knjižnice „Juraj Šižgorić“, kao i proučavanjem raznovrsnih slučajeva stradavanja knjižničnog gradiva djelovanjem vode. Na temelju analizom prikupljenih podataka predložene su mjere zaštite., Regardless of how library materials get wet – during a flood caused by a burst water pipe, extinguishing a fire using water, leaky roof or any other way – water is one of the greatest enemies of documents and books kept in archives and libraries around the world. Damage to library materials caused by floods, from the perspective of conservation and restoration, stands out from the usual damage caused by standard conditions. The consequences of this type of damage can be more extreme, and result in a complete destruction of library materials. In 2015, a flash flood at the Juraj Šižgorić City Library in Šibenik resulted in extensive damage to a large quantity of library materials that needed to be saved, adequately taken care of, and processed in the shortest possible timeframe. Situations in which large quantities of materials are suddenly damaged require the employment of a large number of people, a large space sufficient for the processing of damaged materials, and considerable funds. In this case, during a heavy rainstorm, the entire basement, with the audiovisual department, gallery, newspaper library and book depository, was flooded, and a significant amount of library materials was lost, as well as some priority items from the Rara collection. Based on the data collected, protection measures were proposed that need to be carried out in accordance with IFLA principles for the care and handling of library materials as prevention for possible similar situations in the future.
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- 2018
46. Poplave - svuda oko nas
- Author
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Bonacci, Ognjen
- Subjects
poplava - Abstract
Tijekom povijesti poplave su uzrokovale neizrecive patnje i stradanja milijuna ljudi, ali su istovremeno odigrale izrazito važnu pozitivnu ulogu za razvoj civilizacije. I danas, ne samo u nerazvijenim dijelovima svijeta, poplave predstavljaju najčešću i najrazorniju prirodnu katastrofu od koje stradavaju brojni ljudi i koja uzrokuju goleme štete. Najrazvijenije zemlje svijeta danas trpe od poplava veće ekonomske štete od onih manje razvijenih. U posljednjim desetljećima čini se da je došlo do, za sada nepotpuno i kontraverzno objašnjenog, povećanja broja poplava i njima izazvanih šteta na cijeloj planeti.
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- 2018
47. The Forest Management of the Gradiška Municipal Property from 1874 to 1914
- Author
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Iva Salopek Bogavčić
- Subjects
šume ,krađe ,poplava ,Gradiška imovna općina ,orests ,theft ,flood ,Gradiška Estate Community - Abstract
Članak na temelju arhivskih fondova čuvanih u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu i u Državnom arhivu Slavonski Brod, Odjel Nova Gradiška, te članaka iz časopisa Šumarski list sagledava modele gospodarenja šumom Gradiške imovne općine u razdoblju od 1877.-1914. Gospodarenje šumom Gradiške imovne općine realiziralo se na području iskorištavanja šume, pomlađivanja šume, odnosu prema „pravoužitnicima“, ovladavanju „šumskim štetama“ te pomoći ugroženom stanovništvu uslijed ekoloških kriza. Ekološko-ekonomska kriza posavskih krajeva kotara Nova Gradiška rezultat je nemoći i siromaštva lokalnog stanovništva koje se uslijed Savskih poplava, nerodice, prezaduženosti moralo nositi još i s nabujalim brdskim potocima koji su dodatno plavili tlo. Neadekvatne gospodarske osnove, močvarno tlo, siromaštvo i manjak stručnog kadra rezultirali su dugotrajnom nestašicom ogrjevnog drva za „pravoužitnike“ i povećanim udjelom u prekršajnoj djelatnosti stanovništva tzv. „šumskim štetama“. Tek promjenama u gospodarskoj osnovi, reorganizacijom šumarskih kotara i upošljavanjem stručnog kadra mogle su se namiriti potrebe „pravoužitnika“ kao i socijalno-humanitarnim angažmanom olakšati težak život lokalnog stanovništva., In this article the management of forests of the Gradiška Municipal Property from 1874 to 1914 is examined, based on archival funds kept in the Croatian State Archive in Zagreb and in the Nova Gradiška Department of the State Archive in Slavonski Brod, as well as on an article of the journal Šumarski list. The forest management of the Gradiška Municipal Property was performed in the areas of forest exploitation, forest regeneration, the behaviour towards “beneficiaries” and the management of various problems such as “forest damage”. Inadequate economic bases, swamp areas, and the lack of expert staff resulted in long-term firewood shortage for the “beneficiaries” and in an increase of illegal activities of the inhabitants which resulted in what was called forest damage. Josip Kozarac, royal forester, who aspired towards the modernization of forest management, had already in 1886 warned of the problems the Gradiška Municipal Property had to face. Only through the alteration of the economic base in 1914, were the reorganization of forest districts and the employment of expert staff and the needs of the “beneficiaries” met, the hard life of the local population being made easier through the social-humanitarian efforts of the Gradiška Municipal Property.
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- 2018
48. Identifikacija aspergila iz sekcija Circumdati, Flavi i Nigri u prašini nakon poplave
- Author
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Geček, Jelena and Šegvić Klarić, Maja
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Circumdati ,Nigri ,CaM ,prašina ,poplava ,Flavi ,dust ,flood ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
Sredinom svibnja 2014. godine, kao posljedica intenzivnih oborina uzrokovanih višednevnim zadržavanjem jake i duboke ciklone iznad jugoistočne Europe te dugotrajnog kišnog razdoblja s početka iste godine, došlo je do nezapamćenih poplava čije su se posljedice osobito odrazile na područje Gunje. Povećanjem dostupnosti vode u supstratu, tj. aw vrijednosti, stvoreni su uvjeti koji pogoduju širenju konidija i fragmenata micelija plijesni te njihovih mikotoksina u zrak unutrašnjih prostora, a taloženjem dolazi do njihovog nakupljanja u prašini. Zbog alergijskog, invazivnog i toksičnog potencijala, opravdana je zabrinutost zbog prisutnosti aspergila iz sekcija Circumdati, Flavi i Nigri u uzorcima prašine te se postavlja pitanje njihovog utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi koji u tim prostorima borave i rade. Izolati aspergila iz prašine (N = 29) koji su prikupljeni tijekom zimskog i ljetnog perioda uzorkovanja u 2016. godini, identificirani su do razine vrste na temelju analize slijedova dijela gena za kalmodulin (CaM). Identificirano je ukupno osam različitih vrsta aspergila: sekcija Circumdati (A. ochraceus, N = 3; A. sclerotiorum, N = 1; A. westerdijkiae, N = 1), sekcija Flavi (A. flavus, N = 6) i sekcija Nigri (A. tubingensis, N = 9; A. welwitschiae, N = 7; A. luchuensis, N = 1). Jedan izolat koji je po morfološkim karakteristikama bio sličan aspergilima iz sekcije Circumdati, nakon molekularne analize, identificiran je kao vrsta A. dimorphicus iz sekcije Cremei. Neznatno veća bioraznolikost utvrđena je među izolatima aspergila s kontrolnih lokacija (6 različitih vrsta) dok su izolati iz poplavom pogođenih područja identificirani kao 5 različitih vrsta (neobnovljene lokacije), odnosno 4 različite vrste (obnovljene lokacije). Zabrinjava činjenica da su najzastupljenije vrste izolirane iz prašine (A. tubingensis, A. welwitschiae i A. flavus) proizvođači mikotoksina okratoksina A, fumonizina i aflatoksina B1. Obzirom na njihova toksična svojstva, postoji opravdani rizik za zdravlje izloženih ljudi. Preciznijoj procjeni izloženosti ljudi aspergilima iz prašine te s njima povezanim posljedicama na ljudsko zdravlje doprinijet će daljnja istraživanja koja obuhvaćaju određivanje koncentracije aspergila u prašini, profila sekundarnih metabolita identificiranih aspergila te ispitivanja toksičnosti in vitro i in vivo. In the middle of May 2014, as a consequence of the rainfall caused by the retention of strong and deep cyclone over Southeast Europe for several days and the prolonged rainy season from the beginning of the same year, unprecedented floods occurred, the consequences of which were particularly pronounced in the Gunja area. An increase in the availability of water in the substrate (aw) created favorable conditions for spreading of the conidia and mycelial fragments of molds and their mycotoxins in the indoor air and precipitation resulted in their deposition in the dust. Because of the allergic, invasive and toxic potential, concerns about the presence of Aspergilli from the Circumdati, Flavi and Nigri sections in dust samples are justified, which raises the issue of their impact on the health of people living and working in these areas. Aspergilli of interest (N = 29) were isolated from dust collected during winter and summer of 2016 and identified to the species level based on partial calmodulin gene sequences (CaM). The analysis resulted in eight different species of Aspergilli: A. ochraceus, N = 3; A. sclerotiorum, N = 1; A. westerdijkiae, N = 1 (section Circumdati), A. flavus, N = 6 (section Flavi) and A. tubingensis, N = 9; A. welwitschiae, N = 7 and A. luchuensis, N = 1 (section Nigri). One isolate resambled morphological features of the section Circumdati was identified to A. dimorphicus, a species assigned to the section Cremei. Slightly higher biodiversity of dustborne Aspergilli was found among the isolates from control locations (6 different species), while the isolates from flood affected area were identified to five (unrepaired houses) and four (repaired houses). A worrying fact is that the most common types of dust isolates (A. tubingensis, A. welwitschiae and A. flavus) are producers of mycotoxins ochratoxin A, fumonisins and aflatoxin B1. Considering their toxic properties there is a possible health threat to exposed people. These effects will be further elucidated by ongoing studies concerning concentrations of dustborne Aspergilli, their profile of secondary metabolites as well as in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays.
- Published
- 2018
49. Spremnost građana za reagovanje u prirodnim katastrofama izazvanim poplavama u Srbiji
- Author
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Cvetković, Vladimir and Cvetković, Vladimir
- Abstract
Kvantitativnim istraživanjem ispitivani su nivo, percepcija i znanje građana u vezi sa spremnošću za reagovanje na prirodnu katastrofu izazvanu poplavom u Republici Srbiji. Imajući u vidu sve lokalne zajednice u Srbiji u kojima se dogodila ili postoji visok rizik da se dogodi poplava, metodom slučajnog uzorka odabrano je devetnaest od ukupno 150 opština, 23 grada i grada Beograda. U odabranim lokalnim zajednicama istraživanje se obavilo u onim delovima koji su bili najugroženiji u odnosu na visinu vode. U samom anketnom ispitivanju bila je primenjena strategija ispitivanja u domaćinstvima, uz primenu višeetapnog slučajnog uzorka. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da su građani Republike Srbije u izvesnoj meri nespremni za reagovanje na prirodnu katastrofu izazvanu poplavom, imajući u vidu skor od 10,5. Pri tome, ukupan skor za percepciju spremnosti za reagovanje iznosi 0,9 od ukupno 5, zatim 6,51 od ukupno 13 za znanje i, na kraju, 3,09 od ukupno 15 za posedovanje zaliha. U domaćoj literaturi koja se odnosi na prirodne katastrofe veoma malo pažnje je pridavano spremnosti građana za reagovanje u takvim situacijama. Upravo stoga, istraživanje ima visoku naučnu i društvenu opravdanost, imajući u vidu posledice prirodnih katastrofa po ljude i njihova materijalna dobra. Rezultati istraživanja mogu se iskoristiti prilikom kreiranja strategija za unapređenje nivoa spremnosti građana za reagovanje. Istraživanje ukazuje na način na koji treba uticati na građane s obzirom na njihovu percepciju i znanje kako bi se spremnost podigla na viši nivo.
- Published
- 2017
50. Makroekonomski učinki poplav
- Author
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Perme, Urban and Banovec, Primož
- Subjects
BDP ,investicija ,natural disaster ,reconstruction ,naravna nesreča ,investment ,flood ,potrošnja ,economic growth ,macroeconomics ,GDP ,rekonstrukcija ,škoda ,makroekonomija ,udc:338.1:556.166(043.2) ,poplava ,consumption ,gospodarska rast ,damage - Abstract
Diplomska naloga se ukvarja z makroekonomskimi učinki naravnih nesreč – s poudarkom na poplavah. Naloga zajema pregled literature na to temo ter razlago glavnih makroekonomskih mehanizmov, ki določajo kratkoročno in dolgoročno gibanje bruto domačega proizvoda po naravni nesreči. Večina raziskav ugotavlja negativne makroekonomske učinke tovrstnih dogodkov, vseeno pa ni izključen pozitiven vpliv. Vzrok za to so lahko rekonstrukcijske dejavnosti po nesreči, ki jih gre razumeti kot kratkoročno spodbudo gospodarstvu. V državah v razvoju, ki so močno vezane na kmetijstvo, pa je lahko vpliv poplav na rast pozitiven zaradi izboljšane produktivnosti zemlje. Za zmanjšanje negativnih posledic je ključna rekonstrukcijska zmogljivost tako na ravni gospodinjstev kot na državni ravni. V drugem delu naloga analizira morebiten vpliv poplav leta 2010 v Sloveniji na makroekonomske kazalnike. Gibanje obsega bruto domačega proizvoda, gradbenega sektorja ter izdatkov države in gospodinjstev ne kažejo očitnih odstopanj, ki bi jih lahko prisodili posledicam poplavnega dogodka. V zaključku se dotakne nujnosti protipoplavnih ukrepov in slabega stanja v Sloveniji na tem področju. This dissertation deals with the macroeconomic effects of natural disasters - with an emphasis on floods. The paper includes an overview of literature on this topic and an explanation of the main macroeconomic mechanisms that determine the short-term and long-term movement of the gross domestic product after a natural disaster. Most studies discover that the macroeconomic effects of such events are negative, but a positive impact is not excluded. The reason for this can be reconstruction activities after the disaster, serving as as a short-term stimulus to the economy. In developing countries that are heavily linked to agriculture, the impact of floods on growth can be positive due to an improved productivity of land. In order to reduce the negative consequences, a capacity for reconstruction is crucial both at the level of households and at the state level. The second part of this paper analyzes the potential impact of slovenian floods in 2010 on macroeconomic indicators. The variations of the gross domestic product, the construction sector as well as government and household expenditure do not indicate any obvious deviations that could be attributed to the consequences of the flood event. In conclusion, the dissertation touches on the urgency of flood protection and the bad situation in Slovenia in this field.
- Published
- 2017
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