Search

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate peel waste is a valuable reservoir of heat‐sensitive total hydrolysable tannins (THT), with potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals. Preserving THT is challenging due to degradation post‐extraction. We explore ionic gelation as an encapsulation method to optimize THT utilization. RESULTS: Through external gelation, we optimized the process variables using Box–Behnken design. At 40 g kg−1 sodium alginate, 25 g kg−1 calcium chloride, and 300 g kg−1 pomegranate peel extract (PPE), we achieved an 83.65% encapsulation efficiency. Compared to spray drying, external gelation demonstrated superior performance, with enhanced release percentages and stability. Physical, phytochemical, and release profiles of encapsulates were extensively analysed. External gelation achieved an 87.5% release in 30 min, outperforming spray‐dried counterparts (69.7% in 25 min). Encapsulated PPE exhibited robust antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) in powdered infant formula, with a 32 ± 0.01 mm zone of inhibition and 300 μg mL−1 minimum inhibitory concentration. Insights into S. aureus growth curves underlined the mechanism of action via membrane potential alterations. The results of carried investigations also showed that the antibacterial activity of the encapsulated PPE extracts against the targeted organism was identical to the antibacterial activity exhibited by synthetic antibiotics used generally to kill microorganisms in food. Therefore, from the findings, it can be concluded that the PPE encapsulate produced using the external gelation technique at the optimized condition displayed superior storage stability possessing strong antimicrobial activity when compared to encapsulate produced using the spray drying technique. CONCLUSIONS: External gelation emerges as a potent technique for developing effective encapsulates enriched with natural antimicrobials or antibiotics. This approach holds promise for applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals, enhancing stability and efficacy while reducing reliance on synthetic antibiotics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, food is considered as a source of nutrition. Foods are known as health -giving substances for consumers due to their natural bioactive substances. Phenolic compounds that are found in the peel of pomegranate fruit are among the bioactive compounds. These materials can be used by nanocarriers to enrich food. The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenolic compounds present in five cultivar of Iranian pomegranate peels using the nano method and to further investigate the chemical properties of pomegranate peel extract, including antioxidant, extract extraction efficiency and phenolic properties. This investigation was done by standard curve of gallic acid according to folin -ciocalteu method. Also, the characteristics of the resulting encapsulation were investigated using particle size analysis and zeta potential. The purpose of their comparison is to achieve the highest efficiency among five pomegranate cultivars. The results of the study showed that the peels of the collected pomegranates have significant differences (at the probability level of one percent p<0.05) in terms of physicochemical properties. Examining the results obtained from the physicochemical properties of pomegranate peel extract indicated that white peel pomegranate (Grech Shahwar) had the highest amount of phenolic compounds (78.00±6.72 mg equivalent to gallic acid per 100 grams). It also had the highest antioxidant property of 42%. According to the results obtained from this research, it can be said that the capsules containing pomegranate peel extract (white skin type of Gherch Shahwar) have the best encapsulation efficiency (71%). The use of nanocarriers containing this cultivar of pomegranate in food can have a significant effect on the preservation and stability of compounds sensitive to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the influence of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and pomegranate concentrate (PC) on improving the oxidative stability of cream powder in comparison with synthetic antioxidant (Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) during the storage period at 20°C (8 weeks) and 45°C (4 weeks) was evaluated. The finding exhibited that peroxide, p‐anisidine, and total oxidation (TOTOX) values increased during the storage period. Samples containing PPE and PC showed suitable performance in controlling the cream powder oxidation. Also, PPE showed the highest antioxidant activity and can be proposed as a suitable replacement for a synthetic antioxidant (BHT). L* and b* values increased, while a* value decreased during the storage period. Also, the pH of the powders decreased significantly throughout the storage (reached nearly 6). Microbial counts of cream powders did not change during the storage period. The control sample showed the highest overall acceptability. Antioxidants of pomegranate can be proposed to control the oxidative stability of fat‐rich food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and Fusarium solani (fruit decay) negatively affects strawberry fruits during handling and marketing. OBJECTIVE: The effect of cinnamon oil, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and/or pomegranate peel powder were estimated on the growth of the two pathogenic fungi and their fruit decay incidence under in vitro and in vivo conditions. METHODS: The isolated fungi from decayed strawberry fruits were identified as Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium sp. The isolated Fusarium sp. was identified molecularly as Fusarium solani and registered in GenBank under accession number ON248575.1 (). RESULTS: Complete fungal growth suppression was observed at a concentration of 3% for all tested materials, Additionally the same (100%) effect was achieved at 2% of a combination of essential oil, salts and pomegranate peel powder. Significant reduction in decay incidence and severity was observed in inoculated strawberry fruits treated with the same concentrations of the tested materials after 10 and 15 days of storage. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that cinnamon oil, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and/or pomegranate peel powder have potency as eco-friendly products, for safe postharvest treatments against strawberry fruit rots during storage. They could be recommended for use in packing-houses due to their wide utilization as safe food preservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Journal of Science Faculty / Selçuk Üniversitesi fen Fakültesi fen Dergisi is the property of Selcuk University Journal of Science Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several chemical analytical methods were applied to characterize the chemical structure of polysaccharides extracted from discarded apples and pomegranate peels using hydrodynamic cavitation methods in a circular economy perspective. In particular, the purity of the polysaccharides and the degrees of acetylation and methylation were evaluated by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) analysis; simple sugars and galacturonic acid were analyzed simultaneously by High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography—Pulsed Amperometric Detector (HPAEC-PAD); the molecular weight of the extracted polysaccharides was determined by High-Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography-Refractive Index Detector (HPSEC-RID). The results showed a negligible presence of co-precipitated proteins/tannins, easily removed by dialysis, as well as other co-precipitated molecules such as monosaccharides and organic acids. Polysaccharides from apples consisted mainly of pectic material with a prevalence of homogalacturonans. Polysaccharides from pomegranate peels showed greater compositional variability with significant amounts of arabinose and galactose, a lower content of pectin, and the presence of rhamnogalacturonans I. Both polysaccharides were highly methylated and differed in the degree of acetylation, which could lead to different properties. Polysaccharides from apples presented two main molecular weights (>805 kDa and 348–805 kDa, respectively), while those from pomegranate peel showed a major fraction at 348 kDa and minor fractions < 23 kDa. In conclusion, the research tools proposed by this study have allowed defining the macrostructure of polysaccharides in a quick and efficient way to valorize these food by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biologically produced silver nanoparticles are becoming a more appealing option than chemically produced antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, because they are safer, easier to manufacture and have medicinal properties at lower concentrations. In this work, we employed the aqueous pomegranate peel extract (PPE) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PPE-AgNPs), as peel extract is a rich source of phytochemicals which functions as reducing agent for the synthesis of PPE-AgNPs. Additionally, the PPE was examined quantitatively for total phenolics and total flavonoids content. PPE-AgNPs were characterized using analytical techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and FESEM, evaluated in vitro against the plant pathogenic microbes and also for antioxidant activities. Analytical techniques (HRTEM and FESEM) confirmed the spherical shape and XRD technique revealed the crystalline nature of synthesized PPE-AgNPs. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of total phenolics (269.93 ± 1.01 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (119.70 ± 0.83 mg CE/g). Biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes and Xanthomonas axonopodis, antifungal activity against Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum gloesporioides at 50 µg/mL concentration. The antioxidant potential of biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs was analysed via ABTS (IC50 4.25 µg/mL), DPPH (IC50 5.22 µg/mL), total antioxidant (86.68 g AAE/mL at 10 µg/mL) and FRAP (1.93 mM Fe(II)/mL at 10 µg/mL) assays. Cytotoxicity of PPE-AgNPs was valuated using MTT assay and cell viability of 83.32% was determined at 100 µg/mL concentration. These investigations suggest that synthesized PPE-AgNPs might prove useful for agricultural and medicinal purposes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics, levofloxacin (LEV), is used to treat a variety of illnesses leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Peel from Punica granatum is a waste product abundant in phytochemicals with various biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate P. granatum peel extract's (PGPE) potential to mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and liver damage caused by LEV. There were four groups of rats: control, PGPE, LEV, and PGPE + LEV, respectively, and they were orally administered their daily treatments for 2 weeks. Results revealed that PGPE has a large number of phytochemical components with high antioxidant activity. PGPE intake alone enhanced the antioxidant status and decreased oxidative stress. On the other hand, pretreatment of the LEV group with PGPE restored oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, liver function biomarkers, and hematological parameters. Also, normalization of gene expressions (cyclooxygenase-2, transforming growth factor-beta1, caspase-3, heme oxygenase-1, B cell lymphoma-2, interleukin [IL]-10, and IL-1) and improvement in liver architecture, and immunohistochemical alpha-smooth muscle actin, were seen in comparison to the LEV group. Conclusively, PGPE exhibits strong anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties that shield rat liver from the damaging effects of LEV and offer a fresh viewpoint on the application of fruit waste products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, coated fabrics were developed using waterborne polyurethane (WPU) containing pomegranate peel (PoP) powders of varying particle sizes. The objective of this research is to diminish the synthetic polymer content by adopting a sustainable approach through the utilization of food waste and functionalized fabrics by using PoP powders with antibacterial properties. In the initial phase of the study, PoP powders were characterized based on parameters such as particle size, moisture content, water activity, water absorption capacity, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Secondly, cotton fabrics were coated with WPU containing PoP powders (10 wt%). While it was observed that the particle size of PoP powders did not make a significant difference in the color and stress-strain values, antibacterial analysis showed that the coatings containing powders with the lowest particle distribution (18.2–81.7 µ, D50: 42.77 µ) resulted in larger inhibition zones. Consequently, functional fabrics with antibacterial properties against both S. aureus (Gram-positive) and P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative) bacteria were composed by incorporating PoP powders as fillers into WPU-coated cotton fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Biologically produced silver nanoparticles are becoming a more appealing option than chemically produced antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, because they are safer, easier to manufacture and have medicinal properties at lower concentrations. In this work, we employed the aqueous pomegranate peel extract (PPE) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PPE-AgNPs), as peel extract is a rich source of phytochemicals which functions as reducing agent for the synthesis of PPE-AgNPs. Additionally, the PPE was examined quantitatively for total phenolics and total flavonoids content. PPE-AgNPs were characterized using analytical techniques including UV–Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, HRTEM and FESEM, evaluated in vitro against the plant pathogenic microbes and also for antioxidant activities. Analytical techniques (HRTEM and FESEM) confirmed the spherical shape and XRD technique revealed the crystalline nature of synthesized PPE-AgNPs. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of total phenolics (269.93 ± 1.01 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (119.70 ± 0.83 mg CE/g). Biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella aerogenes and Xanthomonas axonopodis, antifungal activity against Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum gloesporioides at 50 µg/mL concentration. The antioxidant potential of biosynthesized PPE-AgNPs was analysed via ABTS (IC50 4.25 µg/mL), DPPH (IC50 5.22 µg/mL), total antioxidant (86.68 g AAE/mL at 10 µg/mL) and FRAP (1.93 mM Fe(II)/mL at 10 µg/mL) assays. Cytotoxicity of PPE-AgNPs was valuated using MTT assay and cell viability of 83.32% was determined at 100 µg/mL concentration. These investigations suggest that synthesized PPE-AgNPs might prove useful for agricultural and medicinal purposes in the future.

This study investigated the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel (PP) waste for producing activated carbon (PPBAC) aimed at removing phenolic contaminants, specifically protocatechuic acid (PCA), from wastewater, and recovery from potato peel extract. The PPBAC was prepared through chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) followed by thermal treatment at 350℃. Comprehensive characterization of the PPBAC was performed using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, BET surface area analysis, FESEM analysis. Key operational factors, including dosage, concentration, contact time, and pH, were systematically optimized to improve adsorption efficiency, achieving a value of 18.89 mg/g within 30 min. The adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Additionally, DFT computations highlighted the reactivity of PCA in its neutral and protonated forms, which correlated with the observed effective adsorption performance. This research underscores the feasibility of converting agricultural waste into a valuable adsorbent for waste water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries is a common disease widely known to be the main cause of tooth decay. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) against four Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries. ZnO NPs were biosynthesized from a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution with various pomegranate peel extracts under different doses of gamma radiation. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method. The structure and elemental content of these artificial ZnO NPs were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV analysis revealed that the pomegranate/ZnO nanoparticles prepared at 60 kGy gamma irradiation dose had the highest intensity at absorption peaks between 395 and 445 nm compared to the other gamma doses. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated a strong sensitivity toward Streptococcus mutans. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of specific peaks associated with the functional groups found in pomegranate, which play a role in the production, capping, and stabilization of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs. The presence of Zn–O bonds at 437, 505, 610, 1412, and 1623 cm−1 confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs. TEM analyses revealed that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs were well dispersed and existed in three different shapes: spherical, rod-shaped, and triangular nanoparticles, with sizes of 17.95 nm, 10.29 nm, and 76.98 nm, respectively. XRD analysis gave a sharp peak at 31.68° related to the formed ZnO NPs. To ensure the safety of ZnO NPs, a sulforodamine B (SRB) assay was conducted. Ninety-nine percent of human oral epithelial cells (OEC) treated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/ml) remained viable. The IC50 value was more significant than 100 μg/ml. ZnO NPs with a percentage of 0.1% incorporated with composite resin were the minimal concentration to inhibit S. mutans. These findings suggest that ZnO NPs from pomegranate peel extracts could be a novel antibacterial and eco-friendly agent for preventing dental caries. Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and gamma radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research • PPE supported the growth indices like final weight, weight gain, SGR, and FCR. • PPE affected the total aerobic bacteria or total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count, but the enteric gram-negative bacteria count was significantly reduced in the experimental groups. • Add PPE caused a reduced total fungi count in all treated fish. • The histological examination showed enlargement of the villi, depth of the villi, and an increase in goblet cells for the treatments supplemented with PPE. Abstract Pomegranate is considered one of the medicinal herbs rich in antioxidants that can be used in aquaculture to support immunity and health. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain the impact of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) extract (PPE) on growth performance, the intestinal bacteria count, the total number of fungi and the histological analysis of the grass carp. 105 fingerlings (11.04±0.22g) were distributed among 21 aquariums (60-L) in a completely randomised design (triplicated) and fed diets containing 0, 0.5, and 1% PPE for 70 days at a feeding rate of 3% body weight. A spectrophotometry assessment indicated for PPE that the total phenol content was 151.09 and 175.95 GAE/100 g, and the flavonoid content was 36.04 and 42.89 RE/100 g, respectively. The results of the present work revealed that growth indicators (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) increased (P

The primary focus of the current investigation was to assess the removal of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) from aqueous solutions using pomegranate peel as a green adsorbent. The chemical and morphological characterization of pomegranate peel was conducted through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. The study also investigated various reactional parameters, kinetic, and adsorption isotherm in a batch system. The results revealed that RhB adsorption reaches equilibrium in about 2 hours, with an adsorption capacity of 19.41 mg/g observed at a 50 mg/L of initial RhB concentration. To model the kinetic of RhB adsorption, two well-known models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) were applied. The pseudo-second-order model yielded a superior fit for the kinetic data, as evidenced by analyses of R2, RMSE, ARE, and χ² values. Additionally, the findings suggest that the adsorption process is not solely governed by intraparticle diffusion. Furthermore, isotherm analysis revealed that the Langmuir model offered a more accurate fit to the equilibrium data, estimating the maximum removal capacity to be 47.17 mg/g. These findings suggest that pomegranate peel offers a promisingly eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for sustainable remediation of textile dyeing effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate peel is one of the wastes generated in large quantities in the food industry and ellagic acid is a natural bioactive phenolic compound in pomegranate peel. In this study, high-purity and low-cost ellagic acid was produced by acid hydrolyze process from pomegranate peel and characterization, in vitro bioaccessibility, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity of the ellagic acid nanoencapsulated with maltodextrin and soy lecithin were studied. The extract yield and purity of ellagic acid was 6.47 and 88.74%, respectively. Results showed that lecithin coated samples were more stable with − 43.16 mV zeta potential and had higher encapsulation efficiency (99.29%) compared to maltodextrin. However, coated samples with maltodextrin had higher production efficiency (91.40%) and loading capacity (54.70%). The thermal resistance of ellagic acid after the nanoencapsulation process was significantly raised. The ellagic acid nanoencapsulated with maltodextrin had higher bioaccessibility (80.22%) and solubility in biological buffers (64.00-98.20%). The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitiory activities of the ellagic acid decreased after the encapsulation process. However, the α-amylase inhibitory activities of the nanoencapsulated materials were higher than acarbose as a positive control. As a result, thermal resistance, solubility in a biological medium, and bioaccessibility of ellagic acid after nanoencapsulation with maltodextrin can be increased. Thus, the use of ellagic acid nanoencapsulated with maltodextrin in the food, cosmetic, and pharmacological industries can be diversified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to determine how well pomegranate peel can remove methylene mlue (MB) from an aqueous solution. For this purpose, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic adsorption studies were performed in a batch system. The rate of MB adsorption was rapid and reached the equilibrium at about 60 min. The adsorption capacity reached approximately 42.71 mg g-1 at the initial dye concentration of 100 mg L-1. The kinetic modelling of MB adsorption was perofrmed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order model was found to be the most adequate for fitting the kinetic data based on R², RMSE, ARE and χ² values. It was also discovered that MB adsorption onto pomegranate peel is not simply rate-limited by intraparticle diffusion. The isotherm approach showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 67.78 mg g-1 at 298 K using 2 g L-1 of pomegranate peel. The equilibrium modelling was also conducted. The four statistical values highlighted the better fit of the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. Additionally, the exothermic and spont-aneous nature of the adsorption process was revealed by thermodynamic research. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of pomegranate peel as an eco-friendly absorbent for MB removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peels of pomegranate fruits were employed in the current work to produce activated carbon (AC) using the high temperature carbonization method. The generated activated carbon using pomegranate peel (AC-PP) powder was discovered to have a layered and porous form as revealed by scanning electron microscopic images. It was discovered that activated carbon had an energy gap (Eg) of 4.454 eV. The photocatalytic experiments performed for the degradation of fast blue dye reveal that after 120 min of UV light irradiation, the AC-PP powder achieve a decolorization rate of 62.9%, respectively. Current was collected through the nickel mesh, and the electrochemical elements in rGO, the principal active component in AC-PP powder, were supported by the mesh. Nickel mesh electrodes were analysed using impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Both AC-PP and AC-PP-rGO electrodes' hydrogen diffusion coefficients were determined to be 1.134 10–4 and 0.0014 cm2 s−1, respectively. Experiments with galvanostatic charge–discharge revealed the produced AC-PP and AC-PP-rGO electrodes' superior capacitance potential, which is useful in the fabrication of supercapacitors. The AC-PP and AC-PP-rGO electrodes have 175.6 and 324.8 F g−1 specific capacitances. These unique impacts can also be assessed by energy storage performance using affordable carbon resources in various applications. These novel results might be used for developing up particular resources for environmental and power storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel samples of nanoparticles based on chitosan were greenly synthesized using pomegranate peel extract. The extract served as a nanoparticle precursor, facilitating the precipitation of nanosized chitosan through the ionic gelation method. Additionally, by mixing the green chitosan nanoparticles with copper ions, a nanoscale composite of chitosan and copper oxide was also produced. Structural and morphological investigations (FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA analyses) were performed for greenly synthesized chitosan nanoparticles and their copper oxide composite to determine all the significant characteristics of those nanoparticles. In addition, both samples were tested using some biological investigations, such as antimicrobial activity and hematological effects. The antimicrobial tests yielded promising results for both the green chitosan nanoparticles and the CuO composite when tested using two bacterial strains and two fungal strains. Moreover, the results showed that using a similar concentration of both green-based chitosan samples resulted in a slightly larger inhibition zone and a lower minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for the copper oxide chitosan composite compared to the chitosan nanoparticles for all microorganisms included in the test. The mean count of blood components (RBCs and platelets), clotting time, and cholesterol levels in three different blood samples were used to indicate the hematological activity of both greenly synthesized nanoparticles. The results verified a slight reduction in blood component count after the addition of green chitosan nanoparticles, but the chitosan copper oxide composite did not have a noticeable effect on the three blood samples. The chitosan nanoparticles were able to cause a considerable reduction in clotting time and cholesterol levels for all blood samples, thus acting as procoagulants. However, the mixing of CuO with chitosan nanoparticles prolonged the rate of clotting in blood samples from hypercholesteremic individuals, and thus, the mixture acted as an anticoagulant agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quality and safety are one of the main concerns of the European Union in food preservation. Using chemical additives extends the shelf-life of fresh foods but raises consumer's concerns about the potential long-term carcinogenic effects. Using natural substances derived from agro-industrial by-products, which have significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, could extend the shelf-life of fresh foods such as meat. Furthermore, they can provide nutritional improvements without modifying organoleptic properties. This study analyzes the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and the antioxidant activity of olive leaf extract (OLE), added at concentrations of 10 mg g−1 and 0.25 mg g−1, respectively, to minced poultry and rabbit meat. PPE exhibited in vitro antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens starting at 10 mg/well. PPE and OLE determined a reduction in colony count over a storage period of 6 days at 4 °C. Additionally, the combination of PPE and OLE showed antioxidant effects, preserving lipid oxidation and maintaining pH levels. The obtained results demonstrate that PPE and OLE can be recommended as food additives to preserve the quality and extend the shelf-life of meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate peel extract is known for its potent antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and probiotic properties, leading to its use in treating oral infections. In the first stage of this work, for the first time, using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach, pomegranate peel extract (70% methanol, temperature 70 °C, and three cycles per 90 min) was optimized and obtained, which showed optimal antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The optimized extract showed antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. The second part of this study focused on optimizing an electrospinning process for a combination of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers loaded with the optimized pomegranate peel extract. The characterization of the nanofibers was confirmed by using SEM pictures, XRPD diffractograms, and IR-ATR spectra. The composition of the nanofibers can control the release; in the case of PVP–based nanofibers, immediate release was achieved within 30 min, while in the case of PCL/PVP, controlled release was completed within 24 h. Analysis of the effect of different scaffold compositions of the obtained electrofibers showed that those based on PCL/PVP had better wound healing potential. The proposed strategy to produce electrospun nanofibers with pomegranate peel extract is the first and innovative approach to better use the synergy of biological action of active compounds present in extracts in a patient-friendly pharmaceutical form, beneficial for treating oral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the research was to examine the thermal degradation of pomegranate peel to determine its pyrolytic behavior for bio-energy generation. Initial characterizations (proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, biochemical analysis, and higher heating value) were performed before thermal deterioration to ensure that it was suitable for the pyrolysis process. Later, in a thermo-gravimetric analyzer with inert gas, thermo-gravimetric studies were carried out from ambient temperature to 1000 °C at three distinct heating rates (15, 20, and 25 °C/min). Thermo-gravimetric measurements revealed that the greatest devolatilization occurred between 200 and 540 °C. Four iso-conversional models (FWO, KAS, Tang, and Starink) were used for kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. The results revealed that the average activation energies were found 137.79, 149.63, 168.47, and 163.97 kJ/mol for FWO, KAS, Tang, and Starink model, respectively. The potential energy barrier (~ 4–8 kJ/mol) between activation energy and reaction enthalpy demonstrated favorable circumstances for product formation. Average Gibbs free energy change (∆G) for pomegranate peel by using iso-conversional FWO, KAS, Tang, and Starink model was found to be 81.84, 145.54, 80.53, and 80.83 kJ/mol, respectively. Thus, kinetic and thermodynamic data demonstrated that pomegranate peel had sufficient bioenergy potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work focuses on preparation of hydroxyapatite from pomegranate peels by precipitation method. The hydroxyapatite derived from pomegranate fruit peels (HA-PP) was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDS and BET techniques. The HA-PP has mesoporous in structure and had an area of 99.021 m2/g. Further HA-PP was used as adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) ion particles from K2Cr2O7. The adsorption trials were executed and found the optimized solution using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments included parameters like pH 2, initial chromium concentration 200 mg/L, adsorbent loading 0.8 g, and contact time 60 min, respectively. Cr (VI) removal was 89.4 % at the optimum combination of these process parameters. A mathematical and statistical optimizing technique response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to verify the interactive effects of various parameters on the adsorption capacity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to predict the adequacy of the model (F 82.16) shows developed model is valid with R2 value 0.987, and p-value (>0.1). In this the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model are well explained for Cr (VI) adsorption onto HA-PP. This reaction is spontaneous and endothermic, as indicated by the negative change in the standard free energy (ΔG0 = −0.1732) and ΔH0 (+4.71) value at the selected temperature. The ΔS0 (+15.89) further confirms that the randomness increased at the solid-solution interface during adsorption.

Abstract This research aims to investigate the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel powder (PPP) as a natural preservative in muffin preparation. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The In-Vitro antifungal activity of pomegranate peel powder (8% PPP), potassium sorbate (0.1% PS) and calcium propionate (0.5% CP) was assessed against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. using poison food technique. The PPP showed the anti-fungal activity by delaying the growth of microorganism on media plate similar to the PS and CP. The effect of utilization of PPP on quality characteristics of muffins were compared with the muffins with chemical preservatives (0.1% PS and 0.5% CP). The viscosity and specific gravity of batter significantly increased from 7.98 to 11.87 Pa s and 1.089–1.398 respectively on addition of 8% PPP. The optical microscopic structure of PPP added batter revealed the decrease in the number of air cells from 24 to 12 with radius range of 6.42–72.72 μm and area range of 511.03–15,383.17 µm2. The functional properties of flour with PPP had higher water absorption capacity, foaming stability, emulsification activity and emulsion stability than others. The addition of PPP significantly increase the weight (32.83 g), and decrease the height (31.3 mm), volume (61.43 cm3), specific volume (1.67 cm3/g) and baking loss (10.19%). The 418.36% increase in fibre content, 14.46% and 18.46% decrease in carbohydrates and energy value was observed in muffin with 8% PPP as compared to control respectively. The total phenols was increased from 0.92 to 12.5 mg GAE/100 g, total tannin from 0.2 to 8.27 mg GAE/100 g, In-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH from 6.97 to 29.34% and In-vitro antioxidant activity by FRAP from 0.497 to 2.934 mg AAE/100 g in muffins added with 8% PPP. The muffin with PPP was softer than control and muffin with 0.1% PS. The addition of PPP resulted to improve in muffin texture but taste slightly bitter. During the storage of muffins at room temperature (27–30 °C), the moisture content of muffin with PPP was reduced from 17.04 to 13.23% which was higher than the rest of the treatments. Similarly, the hardness of sample with PPP was higher than the sample with 0.5% CP, but lowers than control and sample with 0.1% PS throughout the storage period. The results suggest that pomegranate peel powder can be successfully used as a natural preservative in place of chemical preservatives in muffins, to extend the shelf life. This study provides the opportunity to use PPP as functional ingredient and natural preservative in different bakery products.

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and N-acetyl Cysteine (NAC) alone or in their treatment combinations with commercial preparation Ornipural® (ORN) on bone metabolism against experimentally cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Totally 36 animals were used in the study including 6 Wistar Albino rats in each group. The animals were assigned to control, Cd, Cd+PPE, Cd+NAC, Cd+PPE+ORN and Cd+NAC+ORN groups. The animals in the groups were euthanized after their blood samples were taken at the end of the 8th week. The bones were subjected to maceration for morphometric and histopathological examinations after euthanasia. Results: The statistically significant differences were determined between the treatment groups and Cd group in terms of histopathological changes (osteoporotic alterations and changes in red bone marrow) and biomarkers (Ca, P and Mg) (P Conclusion: Although PPE, NAC and treatment combinations with ORN applied against experimentally induced cadmium toxicity were determined to have positive effects on bone metabolism, it has been thought that carrying out trials by increasing treatment duration and dose would be beneficial to determine definite efficacy of the applied treatment protocols.

SUMMARY: Pomegranate peel is a byproduct of the pomegranate juice industry, rich in bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and nutritional parameters of eggs from laying hens fed a diet supplemented with a pomegranate peel byproduct (PPB). A total of 48 Isa Brown laying hens were allotted to four groups (12 replicates per group) and offered the following diets for 8 weeks: Control (0% PPB); PPB1 (1% PPB); PPB2.5 (2.5% PPB); PPB5 (5% PPB). Eggs were collected and analyzed for egg quality parameters, yolk Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, fatty acid profile, total phenol content, α-tocopherol, cholesterol and lipidomic profile. Sampling was performed weekly, whereas a complete egg quality analysis was performed every two weeks. The results showed that eggshell weight was greater in PPB5 group compared to Control and PPB1 (P=0.008). Eggshell thickness was greater in PPB5 compared to PPB1 (P=0.016). Egg shape index was increased in PPB2.5 treatment (P=0.006). The higher PPB inclusion levels (2.5% and 5%) increased yolk coloration (P=0.014) and reduced yolk MDA content (P

Food by products are good sources of phytochemicals. Phytochemicals can be extracted, using different methods and utilized in developing different foods. This research aimed to characterize the bioactive phytochemicals extracted from pomegranate peel and to examine the impact of the phytochemicals on the nutritional, physicochemical, and microbial quality of the fortified functional yogurt. In this study, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were used to characterize total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents and total antioxidant activity by the solvent extraction method. The ethanolic extracts showed a higher amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and total antioxidant activity than the methanolic and acetonic extracts. The ethanolic extracts were used for the fortification of functional yogurt at 0.25 % (S1), 0.5 % (S2), and 0.75 % (S3), respectively, compared with the control (S4). Functional yogurt fortified by pomegranate peel extract contained a higher amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity. The extracts also had a significant (*p ≤ 0.05) effect on lowering pH, reducing syneresis, and increasing water holding capacity, gross energy, yellowing index, titratable acidity and firmness throughout the storage periods. The survivors of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in the fortified yogurt were decreased. In case of sensory qualities, the fortified yogurts were almost identical to the control except S3 due to its pungent flavor. According to the findings, yogurt fortified with 0.5 % pomegranate peel was the best among the treatments, considering all parameters. This research gives an insight into optimizing yogurt fortification with pomegranate peel phytochemicals to improve its physicochemical and nutritional values.

ABSTRACTA commonly wasted agricultural waste, pomegranate peel has attracted attention as a useful biomaterial with a wide range of potential uses. Fruit and vegetable wastes create environmental difficulties, as well as a loss of valuable biomass and a financial cost to enterprises, due to its high biodegradability. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of cellulose from both the outer and inner layers of pomegranate peel. The cellulose extraction process involves a multi-step approach, encompassing delignification and mercerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic peaks associated with cellulose, confirming its presence in the extracted material. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) depicted the morphological transformation of cellulose as non-cellulosic components were removed during the extraction process. Particle size analysis demonstrated that alkaline treatment reduced the cellulose particle size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a significant increase in cellulose crystallinity due to the elimination of hemicellulose and lignin following the extraction process. The chemical composition analysis revealed that treated pomegranate peels contained higher cellulose content compared to their untreated counterparts. This study offers insightful information about the possible uses of pomegranate peel cellulose and its adaptability to a different application.

This research aims to investigate the potential of utilizing pomegranate peel powder (PPP) as a natural preservative in muffin preparation. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The In-Vitro antifungal activity of pomegranate peel powder (8% PPP), potassium sorbate (0.1% PS) and calcium propionate (0.5% CP) was assessed against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. using poison food technique. The PPP showed the anti-fungal activity by delaying the growth of microorganism on media plate similar to the PS and CP. The effect of utilization of PPP on quality characteristics of muffins were compared with the muffins with chemical preservatives (0.1% PS and 0.5% CP). The viscosity and specific gravity of batter significantly increased from 7.98 to 11.87 Pa s and 1.089–1.398 respectively on addition of 8% PPP. The optical microscopic structure of PPP added batter revealed the decrease in the number of air cells from 24 to 12 with radius range of 6.42–72.72 μm and area range of 511.03–15,383.17 µm2. The functional properties of flour with PPP had higher water absorption capacity, foaming stability, emulsification activity and emulsion stability than others. The addition of PPP significantly increase the weight (32.83 g), and decrease the height (31.3 mm), volume (61.43 cm3), specific volume (1.67 cm3/g) and baking loss (10.19%). The 418.36% increase in fibre content, 14.46% and 18.46% decrease in carbohydrates and energy value was observed in muffin with 8% PPP as compared to control respectively. The total phenols was increased from 0.92 to 12.5 mg GAE/100 g, total tannin from 0.2 to 8.27 mg GAE/100 g, In-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH from 6.97 to 29.34% and In-vitro antioxidant activity by FRAP from 0.497 to 2.934 mg AAE/100 g in muffins added with 8% PPP. The muffin with PPP was softer than control and muffin with 0.1% PS. The addition of PPP resulted to improve in muffin texture but taste slightly bitter. During the storage of muffins at room temperature (27–30 °C), the moisture content of muffin with PPP was reduced from 17.04 to 13.23% which was higher than the rest of the treatments. Similarly, the hardness of sample with PPP was higher than the sample with 0.5% CP, but lowers than control and sample with 0.1% PS throughout the storage period. The results suggest that pomegranate peel powder can be successfully used as a natural preservative in place of chemical preservatives in muffins, to extend the shelf life. This study provides the opportunity to use PPP as functional ingredient and natural preservative in different bakery products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible insects are a promising and sustainable food source for humans due to their low environmental footprint, high feed conversion ratio, and high protein content. Furthermore, the nutritional profile of the edible insects can be modified depending on the provided diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, proximate composition, and ellagic acid accumulation in Tenebriomolitor larvae fed on corn flour media enriched with pomegranate peel. Corn flour and pomegranate peel were mixed in a 1:1 ratio (w/w) (PCM) and 50 T.molitor larvae were added to each jar. After 12 days of rearing, the weight of T.molitor larvae fed on PCM and the control increased by 88.35% and 58.6%, respectively, compared to their initial values. An increase in carbohydrate, protein and ash contents, along with a decrease in lipid content, was observed in the control diet after 12 days of feeding compared to the initial larvae. Conversely, the PCM diet exhibited an increase in ash and carbohydrate contents and a decrease in lipid and protein contents after 12 days of feeding compared to the initial larvae. Total phenolic content (TPC) of T.molitor larvae did not significantly vary when fed with the control group, while it increased on the fourth and twelfth days for larvae fed with the PCM diet. The CUPRAC antioxidant activity of larvae also increased on the fourth day of feeding on the PCM diet. Ellagic acid was not detected in larvae fed with control and initially, it accumulated in T.molitor larvae fed with PCM after 8 and 12 days of rearing, with concentrations of 92.54 and 115.6 µg/g larvae, respectively. This study highlights the importance of diet in changing the phenolic profile of T.molitor larvae, which can be used as a functional food ingredient to obtain value-added products from agricultural wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the antibacterial effects of peels obtained from Zivzik pomegranate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. The pomegranate peel was ground into powder form and their control (0%), 2%, 4% and 8% solutions were prepared, and firstly pH, Oxidation/Reduction (O/R) and electrical conductivity (EC) values were measured. Then, these bacteria were inoculated with selected standard antibiotics according to the disc diffusion method and with pomegranate peel powder according to the well/hole method and the zone diameters formed because of incubation were determined. In addition, the counts of bacteria formed after incubation was determined by inoculating these bacteria and each peel solution on special media. In analyses, the pH value of the 0% concentration solution was determined as 5.96, O/R value 83.17 mV and EC value 0.13 µS cm-1. However, the pH decreased to 3.7 in the 8% concentration solution, O/R and EC also increased to195.67 mV and 0.42 µS cm-1, respectively. These changes increased the antibacterial effect of solutions prepared from pomegranate peel powder. Pomegranate peel solutions showed similar effects to most of the standard antibiotics used. Also, by influencing the numbers of bacteria used, especially the 8% solution provided about 1.5-2 log reduction compared to the control. Consequently, while it was determined that 4% and 8% solutions of the powders obtained from this pomegranate peel could be used against these bacteria, it was understood that it would be beneficial for the food industry to conduct research against different microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco-friendly acid base indicators (anthocyanins) are always a center of attention in quantitative volumetric analysis as substitute for synthetic dye indicators. The purpose of the study is to promote utilization of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel biomass by developing a novel eco-friendly acid–base indicator for titrimetric analysis. Pomegranate peel extract (PPEx) was prepared by ultrasonic probe sonication, a green method for extraction. The obtained extracts were evaluated for total phenol, anthocyanin content and the color change ability analysis (CIEL*a*b* analysis). The pKa of PPEx was determined, the effectiveness of PPEx as indicator was established in different acid–base titrations and compared with conventional synthetic indicators phenolphthalein and methyl orange. The aspirin powder and tablet (Ecosprin) were analyzed by using PPEx as indicator. An attempt was also made to develop PPEx pH indicator paper. The aqueous and ethanolic PPEx prepared by ultrasonic probe sonication contains 657.1 ± 21 and 718.1 ± 21 mg/LGAE of total phenols and 38.49 ± 0.83 and 42.91 ± 2.10 mgC3G/100gm of anthocyanins, respectively.The PPEx and pH indicator paper shows color change with the pH of solution. The pKa of PPEx was 7.14. PPEx was served as eco-friendly substitute for phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators. PPEx was effective to analyze aspirin. The statistical analysis ensures the reliability and effectiveness of PPEx as an eco-friendly indicator in acid base titrations as substitute for the synthetic dye indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of six pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) as antibacterial and antiproliferative agents. The Six PPEs were prepared using four solvent systems and each filtrate was concentrated to a gummy material to be used in the evaluation. The well‐diffusion method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against bacteria typically associated with food spoilage: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and three Bacillus species. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTT) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV‐3), and fibroblasts (MRC‐5). The antioxidant evaluation was done using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl‐hydrate (DPPH) assay. The pH of the water‐containing extracts was acidic and almost the same over 6 weeks. The six PPEs inhibited the bacterial growth in a comparable level to standard antibiotics. The effectiveness of each extract was dependent on the bacterial strain, and the Listeria showed a remarkable inhibition when exposed to the aqueous extract prepared at room temperature (RT). The aqueous (RT) and methanol PPEs had a significant antioxidant scavenging capability and a remarkable cytotoxic activity against the PC3 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 μg/mL. The boiled aqueous extract exhibited antiproliferative activity against HCT116 with an IC50 of 21.45 μg/mL. The effect on SKOV‐3 and fibroblasts was insignificant. With the exception of butanol, the antioxidant screening shows an inverse correlation between the polarity of the extraction solvent and the IC50 exhibited by the PPEs. The variation in the effectiveness of PPEs is suggested to be due to variable soluble bioactive compounds that may interact differently with different cells, though water‐containing extracts are promising antibacterial agents. The findings clearly show that pomegranate peel possessed the potential to be an eco‐friendly novel source for natural compounds that can be implemented in the food industry as a natural antimicrobial and natural food additive to prevent foodborne illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Heat stress has become a global concern, one of the major environmental stressors, and causes substantial economic loss in the modern rabbit industry. Heat stress is caused by several factors such as high environmental temperature and humidity, causing a series of unfavorable changes in nutritional, physiological, and immunological functions, blood biochemical indexes, and antioxidant capacity. These factors negatively affect the productive performance and cecal fermentation and microbiota in rabbits. Thus, this study aimed to assess the potential use of feed additive strategies (e.g., vitamin C, organic selenium, betaine, and pomegranate peel) to mitigate heat stress on rabbits, and to evaluate rabbit performance, antioxidant status, and cecal fermentation and microbiota under heat stress. Rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin C, organic selenium, betaine, and pomegranate peel demonstrated significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestion, concentrations of total and individual volatile fatty acids, and total cecal beneficial bacterial count. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in NH3-N concentration and pathogens' counts (e.g., Enterococcus, coliforms, and E. coli) in the rabbit cecum. Blood biochemistry parameters and antioxidant capacity of rabbits supplemented with vitamin C, organic selenium, betaine, and pomegranate peel were observed to be improved in comparison to those in the control group. The results showed the significant impact that vitamin C, organic selenium, betaine, and pomegranate peel supplements play in alleviating heat stress and enhancing the positive effects on cecal fermentation and microbiota, antioxidant status, and rabbit performance. However, betaine supplementation had a superior positive impact on the nutritional and physiological profile of heat-stressed rabbits. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activity and sustainable biorefinery development of vitamin C, organic selenium, betaine, and pomegranate peel on the performance, cecal fermentation, and antioxidant status of growing rabbits to alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress. A total of 105 male rabbits at 35 days old with an average weight of 752.55 ± 27.56 g were randomly assigned to five groups (21 rabbits in each). The experimental dietary groups included a control group fed a basal diet without additives (control group) and four treated groups, A, B, C, and D, fed a basal diet supplemented with either a 1000 mg vitamin C/kg diet, a 25 mg organic selenium/kg diet, a 1000 mg betaine/kg diet, or a 20 g pomegranate peel/kg diet, respectively. No negative group (not heat-stressed) was included in the trial. Rabbits given A, B, C, and D supplements showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in growth performance, nutrient digestion, concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic, and propionic acids, and total bacterial count, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in NH3-N concentration, Enterococcus, coliforms, and E. coli counts in the cecum of rabbits. Total protein, albumin, globulin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groups supplemented with A, B, C, and D supplements compared to those in the control group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in groups supplemented with A, B, C, and D supplements compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, the finding showed that the supplementation of vitamin C, organic selenium, betaine, and pomegranate peel played a significant role in alleviating heat stress and had a further beneficial impact on rabbit performance, cecal fermentation and microbiota, and antioxidant status. However, betaine supplementation had a superior positive effect on the nutritional and physiological profile of heat-stressed rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The recognition of medicinal plants for their ability to enhance human resilience in confronting pathogenic diseases and extending the lifetime of food preservation has been explored throughout history. This study aims to assess the in vitro phenolic content, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in ethanol. The antimicrobial activity of PPE was evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method, while the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity was assessed utilizing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique. The polyphenolic compounds present in PPE were identified using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the ability of PPE to counteract oil deterioration was assessed using four different plant-based oils: corn, olive, sunflower, and soybean. The study results revealed that PPE exhibits significant antioxidant activity, inhibits the growth of bacterial and fungal cells, and provides superior protection against oil oxidation and peroxidation at a concentration of 200 ppm, surpassing the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene. These findings underscore the role of PPE as a valuable natural resource for various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. By harnessing the beneficial properties of PPE, it is possible to develop natural and sustainable alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials. This not only contributes to the preservation of food quality and safety but also aligns with the growing demand for clean-label and eco-friendly products. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted benefits of PPE and paves the way for further exploration and utilization of this natural resource in various applications.

Heavy metals can cause serious environmental and human health problems, and their removal from wastewater is critical to protect our planet and communities. This study investigated the ability of crushed pomegranate peel to remove mercury and cadmium ions from contaminated water as a function of different experimental parameters. The experimental results showed that the pH of the solution influenced the adsorptive removal of heavy metals, with the best performance observed at pH 4.8. Optimization studies and process balance modeling were performed to optimize the process for commercial use. The performance of pomegranate peel was compared with that of other materials, and the highest adsorption capacities for both cadmium (Ca (II)) and mercury (Hg (II)) ions were observed to be 89.59 and 42.125 mg/g, respectively. The results were interpreted using the Langmuir model, which provided the best fit to describe the behavior of the process.

In recent years, food and packaging industries have worked together to minimize food wastes. Fruit and vegetable by-products, which are known to be among the most abundant food wastes and a great source of bioactive compounds, have the potential to improve food product packaging properties. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of pomegranate peel in food active packaging have been the subject of numerous studies. Pomegranate peel has an impact on the films' microstructure and physical properties, such as thickness, water vapor permeability, mechanical properties, optical properties, and thermal properties. Moreover, pomegranate peel incorporated films demonstrate great antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Reviewing current advancements in the physical and functional properties of active packaging films containing pomegranate peel is the goal of this study.

Pomegranate peels are a great resource of bioactive compounds that have potential for various applications, including functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. However, the drying process is an important consideration that can affect the quality and properties of pomegranate peels. This investigation sought to assess the results of different drying procedures that affect the physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant properties of pomegranate peels. Four alternative drying techniques were used such as freeze drying, microwave drying at 900 W, oven drying at 50 °C, and sun drying. According to the findings, the freeze-drying method exhibited the highest total phenolic content (186.24 mg GAE/g DM), DPPH radical scavenging activity (77.86 %), vitamin C (77.5 mg AA/100 g DM), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (31.1 mg AAE/g DM). The sun-drying technique, on the other hand, had the lowest level of quality parameters. The oven and microwave drying methods exhibited comparable results. These findings provide essential information for the optimization of pomegranate peel drying conditions, enhancing its potential to use as a significant source of bioactive compounds for a range of industrial applications. The freeze-drying method is recommended for preserving the quality of pomegranate peels and can be applied in various industries to produce high-quality products.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemical compounds used in the industry. The ongoing accumulation of this organic compound has a significant and harmful impact on the environment and human health. This study has several objectives, including the reduction of waste rates, the development of a less inexpensive adsorbent material than commercial activated carbon, and the purification of polluted water. The choice of waste used is based on its abundance and availability. To this end, pomegranate peel was selected as a precursor for the preparation of activated carbon using H3PO4 at different temperatures was carried out. The characterization of the best adsorbent by SEM, TGA/DTA, XRF, FTIR, and XRD depicted that AC500 has a heterogeneous surface with a higher carbon percent (93%), the disappearance of several organic functions, giving way to C-C bonds, and an amorphous structure. The rates of moisture and ash are 2.69% and 3.9%, respectively. The values of the iodine and methylene blue numbers are 842.45 mg•g-1, and 476.23 mg•g-1, respectively, indicating the microporous and mesoporous structure of AC500, which confirms the SEM results. The acidic character of AC500 has been proven by PZC (5.1), zetametry, and Boehm titration. This new structure imparts it with an adsorption capacity exceeding 91% for the removal of BPA. The obtained results suggest that pomegranate peel holds promising potential as a sustainable resource, offering a hopeful perspective for environmental pollution remediation.

This study was conducted to investigation was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of certain plant extracts derived from pomegranate peels and black seeds in combating fungal issues in tissue culture, exploring their potential as natural substitutes for chemical treatments.The study was conducted in the fungi lab, University of Anbar, 2022-2023. In this study, three types of fungi were isolated from the plant tissues. Alcoholic extracts of pomegranate peels and black seed were used at different concentrations 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% to inhibiting the growth of fungi isolated from tissue culture in PDA medium.The study results showed the isolation of three types of fungi associated with culture of plant tissues in vitro (Alternaria alternata, Asperigellus niger and Fusarium solani). The results showed the highest rate of growth inhibition at a 20% concentration, the alcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel and black seeds of isolates of fungi A. alternata, A. niger and F. solani were (73.89 and 73.63)%, (74.99 and 74.78)%, (77.42 and 78.00)%, respectively. The extracts from black seed and pomegranate peels exhibit the most effective fungistatic properties. These plants possess medicinal qualities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory attributes, largely attributed to their polyphenolic compounds. So that, can used these extracts to control on pathogen fungi to plant.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers globally. Considering the drawbacks of the traditional treatment phytochemicals have been introduced to the research field with consideration of their minimal, or no side effects and good efficacy against cancer cells. Pomegranate peel and blueberries are very well-known phytochemicals in this context. Material and methods: Methanolic extracts are prepared from both pomegranate peel (PPE) and blueberry (BE) dried powders. The antioxidant content was determined by ORAC assay for both extracts. The cytotoxic levels of the extracts and IC50 on the HNO-97 cell line were defined using the colorimetric SRB assay. Then flow cytometric apoptosis analysis of the IC50 of both extracts was performed. Finally, an investigation of the metastasis through the wound healing assay was performed for both extracts. Results: A significant difference in the antioxidant content was found between PPE and BE ethanolic extracts. The Ic50 for the PPE-treated cell line was 73.35 µg/ml while the BE showed it at 525.38 µg/ml with a significant difference between them. Both PPE and BE showed significant induction of cancer cell apoptosis with much better results with PPE treatment. The wound healing assay showed significant inhibition of cell migration when treated with PPE while there was not any significant effect on cell migration when treated with BE. Conclusion: With the consideration that, the Phytochemicals used are well-known fruits with no harm on normal tissues. Low doses of PPE exert incredibly significant alteration in the HNO-97 tongue cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell migration. Meanwhile, treatment with BE needs much higher doses for showing anti-proliferative properties of cancer cells and induce cancer cell apoptosis. This gives promising results for further investigations about using them as a treatment or adjunctive treatment for oral cancer cases.

Biochar derived from pomegranate peel at different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 600, and 850 °C) was synthesized and characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Its catalytic efficiency in the degradation of the antihypertensive losartan (LOS) in the presence of sodium persulfate was examined. The biochar pyrolyzed at 850 °C exhibited higher catalytic activity, which was correlated with the greater surface area and higher concentration of minerals on its surface. Interestingly, despite adsorption being favored at alkaline pH, pH 3 showed the highest LOS degradation. LOS decomposition followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The addition of persulfate significantly increased LOS reduction, while the presence of inorganic and organic water matrix constituents such as sodium chloride, bicarbonate, and humic acid inhibited the oxidation. Experiments conducted with radical scavengers revealed that both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals, as well as singlet oxygen, participated in LOS decomposition, with the former being the dominant species. Using a continuous flow reactor, the system exhibited a satisfactory steady-state performance of 90% LOS removal for 114 h. Afterward, a moderate decrease in performance was observed, which can be attributed to the alteration of the catalyst's surface and mineral dissolution due to acidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aimed to assess the impact of active packaging with pomegranate peel extract (0.06 mg gallic acid eq./cm2) and/or high-pressure treatment (600 MPa, 7 min) on the instrumental color, lipid, and protein oxidation of Iberian dry loins formulated with reduced nitrate/nitrite levels (0, 37.5, and 150 mg/kg) during 100-day refrigerated storage (4 °C). CIE L*a*b* coordinates were measured, and malondialdehyde, carbonyls, and free thiol contents served as markers for lipid and protein oxidation. Active packaging lowered CIE L* (35.4 vs. 34.1) and a* (15.5 vs. 14.5) and increased yellowness (15.6 vs. 16.3) and hue (45.2 vs. 48.4), while pressurization increased CIE L* (33.1 vs. 36.3) and diminished a* values (16.1 vs. 13.9). Ongoing nitrate/nitrite amounts significantly influenced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, and free thiol loss. Active packaging and high-pressure processing had varying effects on carbonyl and thiol contents. Neither pressurization nor active packaging impacted malondialdehyde formation. Pressurization enhanced the formation of 4-HNE (503 vs. 697 pg/g). Protein oxidation proved more sensitive to changes, with active packaging offering protection against protein carbonylation (15.4 vs. 14.7 nmol carbonyls/mg protein), while pressurization induced thiol loss (34.3 vs. 28.0 nmol Cys eq./mg protein). This comprehensive understanding provides essential insights for the meat industry, emphasizing the necessity for customized processing conditions to enhance color stability, lipid preservation, and protein integrity in dry-cured loin slices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]