Search

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultivated land is the most precious resource in China, the lifeblood of food production, and the foundation of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Cultivated land protection policies play a vital role in ensuring national food security and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of agriculture. Based on the 22 'No. 1 central documents' and the relevant policy texts, this paper systematically explored the change process, evolution logic, and tool effectiveness of cultivated land protection policies from the perspective of ecological civilization from 2003 to 2024, utilizing grounded theory and policy tools. Through grounded theory analysis, it was found that the pedigree of cultivated land protection policy tools could be categorized into control-oriented policy tools, regulatory policy tools, guiding policy tools, and supervisory policy tools. The analysis of the effectiveness of policy tools showed that the effects of cultivated land protection policy tools achieved remarkable results, leading to the initial establishment of a 'trinity' cultivated land use system. However, the proportionate structure of policy tools was unreasonable, and their side effects needed improvement. Additionally, policy forms lacked effective cohesion, with a prominent separation of protection objectives. While regulatory policy tools continued to be improved, there was a need for social forces to innovate and guide the situation. This research deconstructed the governance paths and mechanisms of the cultivated land protection policy system through the pedigree division of policy tools and effectiveness analysis, revealing the profound changes in the internal and external environments of the cultivated land protection policy objectives, the growth and decline of the effectiveness of the continuous use of policy tools, and the hidden contradictions and side effects present in some policy forms. Based on the concept of ecological civilization, the following insights are offered: improve the legal system of cultivated land protection and strengthen the governance foundation of policy tools; optimize the structure of policy tools and systematically enhance their integration; develop a diversified participation and investment mechanism and innovate financial support policies; and harness the social and ecological value potential of cultivated land and balance the rights and interests of cultivated land protection and utilization subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Landscape Architecture (1673-1530) is the property of Beijing Landscape Architecture Journal Periodical Office Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to global compound risks, resilience has been incorporated into China’s national governance discourse. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of 88 central-level policies building resilience capacity in China, to refine policy design to address complex risks more effectively. A comprehensive two-dimensional “policy tool-application field” analysis framework is developed based on policy tool theory and employs bibliometrics and content analysis methods. By extracting 210 policy analysis units corresponding to 289 coding reference points, we unveil the structural characteristics, policy themes, and distribution of policy tools on resilience building at the central level. Results show a notable upward trend in policy publication, forming a multi-agency policy-making network. We observe an imbalance in the structure of policy tools, with a strong reliance on environment-based policy tools. Policy tools are configured across all application fields. Supply-based policy tools are primarily applied for environmental and technological resilience, while demand-based tools find greater utilization in economic and organizational resilience dimensions. However, there is a neglect of social resilience. This paper recommends integrating policy tools to bolster resilience in diverse fields, and how to assess risks and their dynamic adjustments in resilience building as a significant direction in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to Education and Research, universities and research institutions are also responsible for other functions such as research, entrepreneurship, socialization and par- ticipation in the development of their surrounding environment, which is also known as the third mission. In this regard, the aim of this article is to analyze the functions of research and the third mission in Iranian universities and research institutions, identify challenges and provide policy solutions to solve these challenges. The current research is qualitative and descriptive in terms of type and purpose, and its orientation is applied-developmental. The required secondary data is extracted from documents, reports, books and research background. Primary data was also collected through 20 semi-structured interviews. Based on the findings of this article, in total, the challenges identified in the 4 functions of conducting basic research and at the edge of knowledge, conducting demand- oriented research for industry, society and government, entrepreneurship and commercialization of research and technological achievements and paying attention to national needs and regional and sustainable extraction and then corresponding to each challenge, policies were proposed to promote these functions. The findings of this research have practical and policy implications and suggestions for science and technology policy makers and university managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth population in recent years has become a hot topic of interest in society and academia, including related maternal and child issues such as birth population, population structure, maternal and child care. Based on policy tools and policy - related two - dimensional framework perspective of maternal and child policy text analysis and research, this article conducted an in-depth analysis of the text of maternal and child policy since the implementation of the multi-child policy and summarized the development patterns of maternal and child policies. The results indicated some problems in the field of maternal and child policy field, such as an imbalance in the use of policy tools, a need to optimize the structure of sub-tools, and the strength of policy stakeholders that have yet to be explored. Therefore, in the process of formulating maternal and child health policies, we should pay attention to the external characteristics of the policies, optimize the use structure of policy tools, and give full play to the synergistic role of policy stakeholders, therefore ultimately serving the establishment and improvement of the birth support system and the smooth implementation of the multi - child policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze policy documents related to healthy city initiatives, assess the current state and shortcomings of policy tools, and provide a basis for adjusting and optimizing healthy city policies. Methods Using Rothwell & Ziegfeld’s policy tools framework, a two-dimensional analysis was conducted on 26 collected policy texts. These texts were coded, classified, and subjected to frequency statistics regarding the utilization of policy tools. Results In terms of policy tools, environmental tools accounted for 57.18%, supply tools for 38.11%, and demand tools for 4.72% of the policies analyzed. Across dimensions of health action, omnidirectional interventions were the most frequently utilized at 50.98%. Notably, actions promoting a healthy environment were prevalent, constituting 13.80% of the specific policy implementations. Conclusion The application of policy tools in China’s healthy cities exhibits uneven distribution, with an overemphasis on environmental tools, inadequate utilization of demand-side tools, and overall imbalance among policy tools. It is recommended that localities adjust their use of policy tools based on local conditions, leverage the distinct roles of various tools in healthy city initiatives, and ensure effective implementation of these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secretary (16742354) is the property of Secretary Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundUnder the background of population aging in China, the demand for older-adult care services and products is growing, and the older-adult care industry has great development prospects. A sound older-adult care policy system, that is, an effective policy tool mix, plays an important role in improving the sustainable development of older-adult care industry.Materials and methodsBased on older-adult care policy documents from 31 Chinese provinces, this research extracts older-adult care policy tools via text mining. Then extracted policy tools are taken as conditional variables, and the development of older-adult care industry, which is manifested by the number of older-adult care companies across 31 regions is taken as the result variable. Through applying qualitative comparative analysis, the combined effect of different policy tools on the development of older-adult care industry is obtained.Results and discussionsResults show that a single policy tool cannot constitute the necessary condition to facilitate the older-adult care industry. Hence, policy tools should be applied in combination. Five sustainable policy tool mixes which can promote the development of older-adult care industry are summarized, namely supporting policy-driven mode, fiscal and tax support mode led by supply-oriented policy tools, double-team mode driven by fiscal and tax support and the consumer market, multi-subject joint force mode, and technology compensation mode. The overall findings of this study imply that exploring the policy tool combinations is of vital importance to the sustainable development of older-adult care industry.

Objective To explore the focuses and potential issues of the current childrenJ s health policy system for informing policy decision 一 making. Methods This study constructed a two 一 dimensional analysis framework of policy tools 一 stakeholders, and the content analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze 36 children s health policies in China. Results The study coded a total of 542 nodes for policy tools. The environment - based policy tools, supply - based policy tools, and demand 一 based policy tools accounted for 43. 7%, 36. 5%, and 19. 7%, respectively. There were 464 nodes of stakeholders, and administrative agencies, hospitals, primary health care facilities, children and families, health care workers, and other agencies accounted for 61, 4%, 13. 6%, 3. 7%, 8.0%, 3. 2% and 10. 1%, respectively. Two 一 dimensional analysis revealed that children and families focused on demand 一 based policy tools (16 out of 34 nodes), primary healthcare/hospitals/health care providers focused on supply - based policy tools (20 out of 26, 41 out of 85, and 10 out of 15 nodes), and administrative agencies focused on environmental policy tools (170 out of 351 nodes). Conclusion The continuous launch of childrenJ s health policies indicates that the government ensures the principle of Children First. However, the current policies on the supply of children, s health services, the training of pediatric personnel, and PHC are inadequate. The government should focus on improving the supply of children, s healthcare services, expanding the pediatric workforce, and constructing an integrated service system for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory budgeting (PB) fosters community engagement in the allocation of public funds. Although its popularity has diminished in general-purpose governments, it is gaining traction in school districts. Yet research on PB's managerial implications remains scarce. This study analyzes a PB process in a New York school district, examining key stages, participants, and engagement dynamics using quantitative and qualitative data. Our findings underscore important implementation challenges that necessitate careful consideration before advocating the widespread adoption of school PB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial planning of logistics is an emerging topic due to scarcity of land, environmental impacts and the transition to a circular economy. This paper proposes a policy information tool for these issues, including a new logistics cluster typology applied in suitability maps. The validity and applicability of this tool are tested in a Dutch policy lab. The analysis reveals two stakeholder views: one emphasising an informed multilevel dialogue and the other pointing to local freedom of decision making. Applicability can be improved by training, updating and deciding on a clear status of the tool in the policy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Facing the target constraints of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, this paper discusses the impact of different carbon trading policy tools on the effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and provides theoretical basis for the green and low-carbon transformation of regional economy. [Methods] Based on the data of 30 provinces in China’s mainland from 2003 to 2021, this study constructed a coupling coordination model incorporating CO2 and SO2, and applied a two-way fixed-effects difference-in-differences model to analyze the pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies and their mechanisms. Furthermore, we explored the pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction effects of carbon market policy tools. [Results] The results show that: First, carbon trading policies significantly reduced the coupling and coordination degree between carbon emissions and environmental pollution, resulting in pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and gradually tended towards a collaborative relationship of “high-level coupling and high-quality coordination”. Second, the results of heterogeneity test show that the impact of carbon trading policy on the coupling degree and coordination degree of carbon emissions and pollution in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong was greater than that in Tianjin, Hubei, Chongqing, and Fujian, and the impact on the coupling degree and coordination degree of carbon emissions and pollution in areas with relatively low carbon emissions was more significant. Meanwhile, the carbon reduction effect of carbon market policy was higher than that of pollution reduction. Finally, the pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies were mainly realized by carbon prices, carbon market activity, carbon market size, and punishment tools through the impact of industrial structure, energy structure, and technological progress. Various policy tools also had the effect of optimizing industrial structure, as well as reducing differences between industries, but they did not significantly improve the cleanliness level of energy structure and promote the level of green technology innovation. [Conclusion] In order to achieve a win-win situation of synergetic control of environmental pollution and carbon emissions, it is necessary to take the following measures: Establishing and improving a collaborative control system for carbon emissions and environmental pollution, improving green low-carbon technologies and pollution control technologies, achieving industrial structure upgrading and energy structure transformation, expanding the carbon market scale, and improving carbon market policy tools.

Faced with the severe situation of global population aging, smart elderly care services have become an effective way to solve the dilemma of elderly care. In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of smart elderly care service. This paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of "policy objectivepolicy tool-value chain" and uses content analysis method, which is a structured research method that analyzes the content of text, to analyze 126 policies at the national level of China's Smart elderly care service from 2012 to 2022. Through the quantitative statistical analysis, this study finds that the distribution of policy objectives is uneven, the structure of policy tools is imbalanced, the support strength of each link of the value chains is different, and the cross-fitting effect of dimensions is insufficient. In the future, pay attention to the balanced development of the needs of the elderly; Promote the complementarity of various policy tools; Strengthen the systematization of all links of the value chains; Improve the fitting effect between policy objectives, policy tools and value chains, and strive to improve the weak points of each combination model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of e-Education Research is the property of Northwest Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The systematic analysis of policy texts on promoting regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta region is of great significance for promoting higher-quality development of this Chinese region. By collecting 803 policy texts from 2003 to 2022 and using policy text and social network analysis methods, we statically reveal the evolution patterns of integration policies in the Yangtze River Delta under different dimensions. According to our research, the types of policies for integration in the Yangtze River Delta are diverse and flexible, with agreement policies being the main focus; the number of annual policy releases shows a trajectory of first fluctuating and then stabilizing growth; policy makers are mainly based on multi-department joint formulation across departments, levels, and administrative regions, supplemented by individual provinces and cities under the guidance of the central government; the integration coverage rate is gradually increasing, but there are differences in the level of emphasis within the field and among provinces and cities; and there is an imbalance in the use of both policy tools as a whole and sub-tools. Based on this, while prioritizing the integrated development of ecology, technology, economy, and other fields, while also promoting comprehensive integration in education, law, information, food safety, and other fields; policy makers should appropriately increase the use of contractual economic tools, maintain the current use trend of structural forcing tools, and enhance the stability of the use of interactive impact tools to ensure the balance and effectiveness of the use of policy tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientifically judging the current state of carbon emissions in China and each province is a logical starting point for judging whether carbon emissions will peak or not by 2030. Using the Tapio decoupling model, this paper examines the carbon emissions peaking states of 30 provinces in China. The results show that carbon emissions in seven provinces including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jilin, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Heilongjiang have peaked; nine provinces including Zhejiang, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Hunan, and Qinghai have pseudo-peaks, that is, although carbon emissions have reached a peak for the moment, they may peak again in the future; carbon emissions in other provinces have not peaked. Further, this paper finds that the current emission reduction efforts are not enough to support the realization of the 2030 carbon emissions peaking goal through the Kaya model prediction. Among the provinces which have pseudo-peaks, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Shaanxi, and Jiangsu are more difficult to achieve peaking, while Henan, Hubei, Yunnan, and Qinghai perform better under the enhanced low-carbon scenario. Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia are unlikely to reach their peaks in 2030 under any pre-set scenario.

With policy tool types as the horizontal dimension and teacher training policy elements as the vertical dimension, a textual quantitative analysis has been conducted on 176 relevant measures of 19 primary and secondary school teacher training policies issued in Beijing from 2011 to 2022. The study finds that since the release of the "Outline of Beijing Midé„„andé„„Long Term Education Reform and Development (2010é„„2020)", the overall coordination of teacher training work in Beijing has continuously strengthened, the management system has become increasingly perfect, and the coverage of training policy elements has become increasingly rich; that the command and advice tools are fully used, while the incentive, authoritative restructuring and capacity building tools are limited, and the attention to the participants in the training needs to be improved; and that the matching between policy tools and training policy elements is basically reasonable. In the future, the training policy for primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing should focus on incentive tools to stimulate the internal drive of teachers to participate in training. The capacity building of policy enforcement aé„„ gencies and trainers should be continuously strengthened to improve the efficiency of teacher training. The use of authoritative restructuring tools should be continuously optimized to promote the transformation of teacher training from the administrative driving to institutional driving. Policy supply for weak links, such as training resources, training methods, and training content, should be strengthened to improve the matching between policy supply and training demand. With policy tool types as the horizontal dimension and teacher training policy elements as the vertical dimension, a textual quantitative analysis has been conducted on 176 relevant measures of 19 primary and secondary school teacher training policies issued in Beijing from 2011 to 2022. The study finds that since the release of the "Outline of Beijing Mid鄄and鄄Long Term Education Reform and Development (2010鄄2020)", the overall coordination of teacher training work in Beijing has continuously strengthened, the management system has become increasingly perfect, and the coverage of training policy elements has become increasingly rich; that the command and advice tools are fully used, while the incentive, authoritative restructuring and capacity building tools are limited, and the attention to the participants in the training needs to be improved; and that the matching between policy tools and training policy elements is basically reasonable. In the future, the training policy for primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing should focus on incentive tools to stimulate the internal drive of teachers to participate in training. The capacity building of policy enforcement a鄄 gencies and trainers should be continuously strengthened to improve the efficiency of teacher training. The use of authoritative restructuring tools should be continuously optimized to promote the transformation of teacher training from the administrative driving to institutional driving. Policy supply for weak links, such as training resources, training methods, and training content, should be strengthened to improve the matching between policy supply and training demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing congestion and the push for (i) a greener modal shift, (ii) more reliability and visibility of goods, and (iii) more sustainable activities in and related to the port are turning policymakers to the concept of the smart port. Such emerging concept describes a future state of the port that is adapted to these challenges. A smart port is a port that optimizes in-, intra- and outbound flow of goods and information, leads sustainable development and guarantees safe, resilient and secure activities through the capabilities of its (extended) port community and enabling technologies. However, turning a traditional port into a smart port is a strategic challenge for the port community at large. To contribute to this practically relevant and academic challenge, the present paper applies a literature review and the novel maturity model development methodology to develop a strategic tool. This newly-developed strategic tool (i) enhances the common understanding of the current and aspired maturity state, (ii) support decision-making of port policy and management actors and (iii) represent a maturation path for improvement for port communities. The case study results demonstrate the benefits and relevance of the tool. Finally, recommendations are made to apply this policy tool for digitalization strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of differentiated emission reduction strategies plays an important role in achieving carbon compliance targets. Each city should adopt carbon reduction strategies according to its carbon emission characteristics. China is a vast country, and there are significant differences between cities. Therefore, this study classifies 340 Chinese cities according to their carbon emission characteristics since 2020 and proposes differentiated emission reduction strategies accordingly. The results of the research show that Chinese cities can be divided into four categories, and they can strive to achieve their carbon peak targets by adopting differentiated emission reduction strategies. In the baseline scenario, Chinese cities will not be able to meet the peak carbon target by 2030. In the differentiated scenario, eco-agricultural cities, industry-led cities, and high-resource-availability cities will be able to achieve peak carbon by 2030. Unfortunately, resource-poor cities will not reach their peak. However, the extent to which their total carbon emissions contribute to the achievement of national goals is low, and their carbon emissions can be traded off for economic development by appropriately relaxing the constraints on carbon emissions. Therefore, in order to achieve China's peak carbon goal, this study proposes emission reduction recommendations that should be adopted by different types of cities to form differentiated emission reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries worldwide resort to quotas in order to favour the employment of disabled people. Yet, the quota as a policy tool has an ambivalent meaning: while it has been conceived as an advanced form of antidiscrimination policy tool in domains such as gender and racial inequalities, in the sector of disability, it has tended to be theorized as an outdated measure, belonging to a social welfare perspective opposed to the more recent equalitarian policy frame. This article revisits this theoretical debate on the disability employment quota by shifting the focus from a normative discussion to an empirical investigation of the meanings policymakers have endowed it with. I draw on the case of France, where the quota scheme is a cornerstone of disability employment policy: post–World War I provisions were at the origin of a series of reforms extending and reinforcing the quota, in 1957, 1987 and 2005 – leading to the current 6% disabled worker quota imposed to private and public organizations of 20 employees or more. Tracing the historical trajectory of this policy tool and its uses by means of parliamentary debates and secondary sources, I show how quotas in France have had more complex meanings than what the social welfare versus antidiscrimination dichotomy suggests. Before the rise of antidiscrimination policy, they were thought of as a progressive form of social policy, as opposed to more segregative interventions such as pensions or sheltered employment. The adoption of antidiscrimination provisions in 2005 then led to a hybridization between quotas and antidiscrimination policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green building (GB) policies are continuously being launched and adjusted in China to pursue resource conservation and emission reduction. Though reviewing the policy evolution could reveal the industry's historical experience and strategic development concept and contribute to assessing and enhancing the policy system's effectiveness, a comprehensive review of the whole GB policy system is still lacking in China. Consequently, this study examined the evolution of 1083 GB policies in China over the past two decades from the perspectives of policy objectives, policy content, and policy tools through text mining and content analysis, filling the research gap. Results show that GB policy objectives were gradually being quantified and formulated in greater detail, with the foci changed from innovation award and assessment to energy-saving retrofit and prefabrication. Supervision policies were primarily used among seven policy tool categories in recent years. The policy enhancement recommendations were proposed accordingly, supporting policymakers to improve the policy settings, providing real-time orientations for industrial sustainability development, and enlightening other countries to promote GBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the perspective of policy tools and system theory，this study statistically analyzes the concerning policy documents of the Chinese modern hospital management system promulgated by the country from July 2017 to September 2022. By observing and analyzing these relevant documents，this study aims to understand the use characteristics of policy tools at the national level to assist the government in optimizing policies. The analysis eventually included 71 documents with a total of 831 codes and classified with 20 policy tools and 8 system entries. The result revealed that policy types and issuing units were relatively concentrated while capacity constructing，authority，and inside sub models appeared frequently. The internal structures were unbalanced and lack of systematicity. This study suggests that the government should enhance the effectiveness and coordination of policies， strengthen the overall balance of policy tools； heighten the immanence proportionate of policy tools，and increase the coordination of internal and external sub⁃model systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, various general policies, laws, and regulations have been approved by relevant authorities to support the field of science and technology. Over time, due to the non-implementation of these policies' goals and the necessity to follow them, policymakers have proposed new laws with the same policy themes and have tried to take a step toward implementing these policies. For example, several laws and top-level documents have been drafted to support elites, technology commercialization, and using capable domestic companies. However, the level of success in implementation has always been a challenge for activists in this field. In this article, based on the author's experience in responsibilities related to the development of innovation policies in the last six years, which has been done using the action research method, a model is presented for the effective implementation of these policies. In this regard, three important policies in which the researcher has been directly involved have been selected for the study. Based on the researcher's findings, the inflation of macro policies and laws in the country and the repetition of the goals of each in the form of new labels will not lead to the implementation of the policy. Instead, this study proposes that the conversion of policy goals into operational and objective goals happens through three major dimensions: proper regulation, the establishment of semi-independent agencies and the implementation of policies by them, facilitates the fulfillment of macro policies and laws of the country for the development of science, technology, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the content analysis method, 50 sports consumption policies implemented nationwide from 2014 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed based on the dual perspectives of policy tools and development factors, including selection characteristics and changing process of policy tools. It is found that there is a structural imbalance in the current use of the tools in China, manifested in the over-strong environmental policy tools, the needed-to-be-improved supply-based policy tools, and the obviously insufficient demand-based policy tools. While the use of policy tools focuses on the demand, space and behaviour of sports consumption, there is insufficient attention to sports consumption guarantee, sports skills, and sports consumption concept. In order to optimize the selection of sports consumption policy tools, the use of policy tools should be reasonably allocated and the internal balance of policy tools be improved. Followed by the development law of sports consumption, the policy deployment of development elements should be improved and the supporting policies be completed with the combination of development characteristics of different periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of promoting the development of a low-carbon economy, green services lag behind the green manufacturing industry. This paper applies the textual analysis method and systematically analyses the evolutionary trends and structural characteristics of green service policies to further optimise the service policy system and strengthen the quality of the green service supply. This paper identifies 859 policies introduced since 1986 and uses the content analysis method to analyse changes in the number of policies, the relationships between policy subjects, the formal types of texts and the composition of policy instruments. The results show that (1) the number and overall effectiveness of green service industry policies promulgated by the central government are increasing, such that the formulation of green service industry policies has passed the exploratory phase and has entered the stage of high-quality development; (2) there is a wide range of obvious interministerial cooperative phenomena, the modes of cooperation are relatively fixed, and the overall intersuperior cooperation has been strengthened but is characterised by phased development; (3) the distribution of policy forms is uneven, with many documents characterised by low effectiveness and a lack of high-efficiency documents; (4) the policy object structure is relatively complete, but the industrial distribution is unbalanced; (5) there is an imbalance among the three policy tools of supply, environment and demand. Those tools that are embodied in the environment are deemed more important than those of supply and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to comprehensively analyze the characteristics and contents of the policy release of health care payment reform in China and propose policy suggestions for future deepening reform, this study obtained 171 health care payment reform policy at the national level in China from 2009 to 2021 through systematic retrieval. Using statistical methods, social network analysis methods and content analysis methods, we constructed a three - dimensional analysis framework based on“policy tools - policy objectives - policy strength” based on the diachronic analysis of policy items and the analysis of publishing institutions. We then further conduct a multi - dimensional quantitative classification and cross - comparative analysis of policy content. The study found that policy tools are rich and diverse under the framework of policy analysis, while the internal distribution is uneven. The reform focuses on service quality improvement, but the distribution of each objective varies greatly. Additionally, the number of high - intensity specialized documents is relatively small, and the overall control capacity is low. The analysis of each cross - dimension shows different degrees of mismatch and structural imbalance. We recommend improving the internal structure of the policy and enhancing the balance of the use of policy tools; giving full play to the policy goal-strength synergy effect and improving the compatibility of all aspects of reform. It is also crucial to break the institutional factors that restrict the improvement of the policy system to promote reform and development from the bottom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change adaptation in intensifying urban environments benefit from green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) investments on private residential yards. Nevertheless, planners are challenged to devise policy tools to mesh such a decentralized GSI approach with current land-use and social systems. Prior research has addressed the multi-scalar socio-economic barriers hindering household uptake, including technical and governance considerations. However, the interconnectedness of these factors has not received much attention. Additionally, studies into GSI often analyze a specific GSI but then overgeneralize their conclusions about adoption determinants for a range of GSI practices. Our review aims to refine previously ambiguous generalizations by comparing adoption factors for three distinct GSI practices: rain gardens, rainwater harvesting, and permeable pavers. We systematically identified 1753 studies and conducted a full content analysis of 56 studies, defining 17 explanatory factors and discussing their independent influences on the three GSI practices. Our results suggest that adoption factors vary between GSI practices, highlighting the need for practice-specific policy tools. Using the Fogg Behavioral Model as a qualitative framework, we illustrate and synthesize the interplay between motivational and ability factors and propose potential targeted policy interventions for each GSI practice. Evidence from different contexts on the three practices suggests that neither stimulative policy instruments (e.g., providing cost subsidies) nor restrictive tools (e.g., enforcing minimal infiltration rates) are efficient in isolation. Our results can guide scholars, decision-makers, and professionals to craft practice-specific integrated policy packages, accounting for socioeconomic factors to achieve transformative GSI uptake., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The low-carbon city pilot (LCCP) policy is an important initiative for China to fulfill its international commitment to carbon emission reduction and achieve low-carbon transformation. In this context, this study investigated whether the LCCP policy of China has achieved carbon emission reduction from the production and consumption perspectives and how its underlying mechanism and spatial spillover effect. Using the panel dataset of 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2019, this study applied the staggered DID model to examine the effects and its underlying mechanism of the LCCP policy on carbon intensity (CI) and carbon emission per capita (CP). We also conducted heterogeneity and spatial spillover effect analyses using the textual quantification method and spatial DID. Our results show that the LCCP policy effectively reduced CI and CP, but these effects did not appear until the third year of implementation. The above conclusions passed a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Reducing industrial emissions, improving technological innovation, and optimizing the efficiency of energy usage were three important mechanisms to reduce CI and CP, validating the effectiveness of the LCCP policy. Command-mandatory and voluntary LCCP policy tools achieved better results, and the LCCP policy exerted a significant emission reduction effect on second-tier pilot cities as compared to others. The carbon emission abatement of the LCCP policy has also demonstrated a spatial spillover impact on neighboring cities. This study focused on analyzing the mechanism paths and spatial spillover effects of the LCCP policy impact and provided an important decision-making reference in promoting the LCCP policy for not only China but also other developing countries. Specifically, low-carbon pilot experiences and typical cases should be refined, ways for accelerating the greening and cleaning of energy usage must be explored, and regional joint control and collaborative governance should be established to achieve China's low-carbon transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of differentiated emission reduction strategies plays an important role in achieving carbon compliance targets. Each city should adopt carbon reduction strategies according to its carbon emission characteristics. China is a vast country, and there are significant differences between cities. Therefore, this study classifies 340 Chinese cities according to their carbon emission characteristics since 2020 and proposes differentiated emission reduction strategies accordingly. The results of the research show that Chinese cities can be divided into four categories, and they can strive to achieve their carbon peak targets by adopting differentiated emission reduction strategies. In the baseline scenario, Chinese cities will not be able to meet the peak carbon target by 2030. In the differentiated scenario, eco-agricultural cities, industry-led cities, and high-resource-availability cities will be able to achieve peak carbon by 2030. Unfortunately, resource-poor cities will not reach their peak. However, the extent to which their total carbon emissions contribute to the achievement of national goals is low, and their carbon emissions can be traded off for economic development by appropriately relaxing the constraints on carbon emissions. Therefore, in order to achieve China’s peak carbon goal, this study proposes emission reduction recommendations that should be adopted by different types of cities to form differentiated emission reduction strategies.

In order to understand the use of internet healthcare policy tools，policy documents issued at the national level were used as the analysis sample. The two⁃dimensional analysis framework of policy tools and development process was constructed by using content analysis method to quantitatively analyze the policy texts. The results show that in the dimension of policy tools，the external imbalance of policy tools and the internal combination are not reasonable; In the development process dimension， the three policy instruments are involved in different development processes， and the emphasis on the internal structure of the policy instruments differs in each stage. It is recommended to further optimize and adjust the selection of policy tools to balance the use of policy tools in each development process of internet healthcare. The use of the policy tools of capital investment and talent training should be strengthened；the health insurance payment system should be improved；the policy tools of public⁃private partnership and overseas exchange should be increased；the legal and regulatory system should be improved；and the promotion of the policies should be expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Under the background of population aging in China, the demand for older-adult care services and products is growing, and the older-adult care industry has great development prospects. A sound older-adult care policy system, that is, an effective policy tool mix, plays an important role in improving the sustainable development of older-adult care industry., Materials and Methods: Based on older-adult care policy documents from 31 Chinese provinces, this research extracts older-adult care policy tools via text mining. Then extracted policy tools are taken as conditional variables, and the development of older-adult care industry, which is manifested by the number of older-adult care companies across 31 regions is taken as the result variable. Through applying qualitative comparative analysis, the combined effect of different policy tools on the development of older-adult care industry is obtained., Results and Discussions: Results show that a single policy tool cannot constitute the necessary condition to facilitate the older-adult care industry. Hence, policy tools should be applied in combination. Five sustainable policy tool mixes which can promote the development of older-adult care industry are summarized, namely supporting policy-driven mode, fiscal and tax support mode led by supply-oriented policy tools, double-team mode driven by fiscal and tax support and the consumer market, multi-subject joint force mode, and technology compensation mode. The overall findings of this study imply that exploring the policy tool combinations is of vital importance to the sustainable development of older-adult care industry., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Lu, Zhu and Zhang.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A central bank-issued digital currency (CBDC) could solve the volatility of a privately-issued cryptocurrency as well as keep intact its potential benefits. This research intended to analyze the possibilities for implementing a CBDC in a viable format that is also Shariah-compliant which may have the capacity to tackle issues plaguing the current financial system. We discuss possible scenarios and the resulting impact and consequences of CBDC implementation, through a deep examination of the benefits, opportunities, costs and issues of several conceptual formats. Methodologically, we used qualitative, comparative and analytical assessments on the critical impact on crucial levers like dilution to monetary policy, and the stability of the financial system. Finally, we found that the best format was a non-interest bearing CBDC for the interbank settlement and wholesale payment systems which would have the least disruption to the economy but strongest monetary policy transmission.

Abstract The number of species reliant on consistent human intervention is rising. These species are labeled conservation‐reliant, which affords them unique resources to propagate them. A conservation reliance designation has important implications for recovery of large carnivores, particularly where private lands encompass historical ranges. As a policy tool, a conservation reliance designation may be used in conjunction with other popular instruments such as financial incentives or co‐governance to promote coexistence between carnivores and key cohorts such as landowners and hunters, who are often vocal dissidents of carnivore recovery, especially wolf recovery projects. Yet, the nascent literature on conservation reliance has yet to address the influence of conservation reliance on landowner or hunter support for carnivore conservation. This paper fills this gap with an analysis of responses from 639 landowners to explore the influence of a conservation reliance designation on intention to coexist with wild red wolves (Canis rufus) in northeast North Carolina. Findings suggest that respondents living in the red wolf recovery zone generally oppose a conservation reliance designation, a critical means to red wolf recovery. Hence, a conservation reliance designation may actually erode the value of some species they intend to preserve. Disapproval of conservation reliance poses new confronts to restoration politics and its diversity of strands, which must be woven into new ways of thinking about the ethical and political aspects of carnivore policy and management.