451 results on '"policy entrepreneurs"'
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2. Auf dem Weg zur Etablierung eines neuen Stadterneuerungsparadigmas
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Romano, Giulia C. and Romano, Giulia C.
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- 2024
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3. A Classical Liberal Revival
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Karlson, Nils, Hardwick, David F., Series Editor, Marsh, Leslie, Series Editor, and Karlson, Nils
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- 2024
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4. Develop Liberal Statecraft
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Karlson, Nils, Hardwick, David F., Series Editor, Marsh, Leslie, Series Editor, and Karlson, Nils
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- 2024
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5. Think Tanks as Collective Policy Entrepreneurs and the Art of Policymaking in Ghana
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Ohemeng, Frank L., Peters, B. Guy, Series Editor, Zittoun, Philippe, Series Editor, Kpessa-Whyte, Michael, editor, and Dzisah, James, editor
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- 2024
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6. Trends, Drivers, and Complexities of Policy Change: The Case of Ghana’s Narcotics Policy Landscape
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Kumah-Abiwu, Felix, Peters, B. Guy, Series Editor, Zittoun, Philippe, Series Editor, Kpessa-Whyte, Michael, editor, and Dzisah, James, editor
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- 2024
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7. The ecosystem services concept in urban planning: the criteria for practical fit.
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Thompson, Kate, Duinker, P. N., Sherren, K., Hayden, A., and Terashima, M.
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URBAN planning , *URBAN policy , *POLITICAL entrepreneurship , *ECOSYSTEM services , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
Application of the ecosystem services (ES) concept in urban planning has potential for improving environmental and human health outcomes in cities. We aimed to narrow an identified ES implementation gap by identifying the criteria for the practical fit of the ES concept in urban planning. We found that local relevance and adaptability within current planning approaches were core criteria for practical fit. If not met immediately, these criteria may be met over time through policy entrepreneurship. Further research in different locations and planning systems would increase understanding of the enabling factors for applying ES in urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Exploring the dynamics of policy change in EU security and defence: policy entrepreneurs behind the Strategic Compass.
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Sus, Monika
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INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Drawing on Kingdon's Multiple Stream Approach, the article analyses the political dynamics that led to the introduction of the Strategic Compass, which gained prominence in the context of the Russian war in Ukraine. Due to its comprehensiveness and adoption at the highest political level – the European Council – the study considers the Compass a manifestation of policy change. Assuming that change in EU security policy originates from various sources, the article identifies Germany, France, the High Representative, and the European Commission as potential policy entrepreneurs. By examining their entrepreneurial strategies, it traces their footprint on policy change. The analysis reveals a particularly strong influence of French diplomacy on the process of shaping the Compass and points to the key role of the High Representative, despite the institutional constraints of the office. The article also highlights the usefulness of MSA for studying foreign policy change and, in particular, the dynamics between entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. When policy intermediaries produce knowledge: A Bourdieusian analysis of the Education Endowment Foundation's influence in a multi-academy trust.
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Innes, Mark
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EDUCATION , *ENDOWMENTS , *EDUCATIONAL leadership , *POLICY sciences , *DATA analysis - Abstract
This article reports on data and analysis from a case study investigating policy enactments in a multi-academy trust (MAT) in England. The focus is the influence of a policy intermediary organisation (PIO), The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), on policy making by school leaders. The case is located in the literacy policy of a MAT of 15 schools. Data gathering consisted of semi-structured interviews and observations of meetings as a new literacy policy was developed. I argue using Bourdieu's thinking tools that the EEF functions as a policy entrepreneur actively engaged in policy making in the MAT. Data evidence that the EEF influences the field agents of the MAT to underpin local policy with functionalist, standardized solutions to literacy problems. The EEF offers one example of how PIOs can be used to steer enactments to fit with government agenda, by triggering a misrecognition, which limits the capacity of education professionals to consider alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. The COVID-19 pandemic and institutional change in the EU's financial assistance regime: the governance of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF).
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Capati, Andrea
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COVID-19 pandemic , *TRACE analysis , *SEMI-structured interviews , *PANDEMICS - Abstract
This article aims at explaining the establishment of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) around a new governance system of EU financial assistance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a process tracing analysis and semi-structured elite interviews, the paper shows that between the pandemic outbreak and the adoption of the RRF, an 'ideational change' occurred about the financial assistance regime in the EU. Such an ideational change consists in two concomitant phases – a first phase of 'ideational collapse' of the existing governance mode (i.e. intergovernmental coordination as per the ESM) and a subsequent phase of 'ideational consolidation' around a new governance mechanism (i.e. limited supranational delegation as exemplified by the RRF). Based on the specific case study of the RRF, the paper discusses implications for how institutional change in the EU may take place following an exogenous shock and the relative explanatory power of ideas in determining the final form of institutional change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. At the controls: Politics and policy entrepreneurs in EU policy to decarbonize maritime transport.
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Malmborg, Fredrik
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The recent adoption of the FuelEU Maritime regulation, aiming to decarbonize maritime shipping, is part of the EU clean energy transition to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on autoethnographic method and qualitative text analysis, applying the multiple streams framework as a theoretical lens, this article explores and explains the politics and the policy process of FuelEU Maritime. A policy window opened with adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015, the slow progress on climate policies in the International Maritime Organization, and the subsequent adoption of the European Green Deal in 2019 and the new EU climate law in 2021. Diverging beliefs and narratives of policy entrepreneurs, policy makers, and stakeholders on problems to be addressed and different policy options to be implemented are analyzed. There were mainly two policy entrepreneurs, advocating different problem descriptions and policy options. The European Commission proposed a technology‐neutral, goal‐based approach to reach moderate emission reductions by 2050, while a coalition led by green mobility NGO Transport & Environment advocated a technology‐specific multiplier and subquota for zero‐carbon fuels to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. The article explains the agency of Transport & Environment and allies in influencing the European Parliament and several member states in the Council of the EU to stand the grounds against incumbent shipping and fossil fuel industry that influenced the Commission to present a down‐watered policy proposal. Finally, the article exemplifies the complexity of the second‐generation energy transition required for decarbonization compared to the first‐generation transformation focusing on renewable electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Exploring policy entrepreneurs' modes of action: Positioning, networking, outmaneuvering, and worldmaking.
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Braun, Sophia Marie, Cabero Tapia, Patricia, and Mauer, René
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Policy entrepreneurs interact with their wider social environment to create social and policy change. To understand entrepreneurial behavior in this context, adopting multi‐level approaches becomes increasingly important. They are crucial to explaining the interdependencies of individual entrepreneurs, immediate stakeholders (such as team members), and their wider context. Scholars focus on specific links, such as those between entrepreneurs and their local community. Very few papers have to date take a holistic approach, even though studying how entrepreneurs interact with multiple levels of stakeholders over time has the potential to better explain entrepreneurial processes. By following a qualitative research approach using two case studies of policy entrepreneurs in Bolivia and Germany, we show that policy entrepreneurs employ different modes of action over time when interacting with their immediate and wider contexts in attempting to foster policy change. Our results suggest that they co‐create with policymakers in order to shape their ecosystems and society at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Media actors as policy entrepreneurs: a case study of "No Jab, No Play" and "No Jab, No Pay" mandatory vaccination policies in Australia.
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Attwell, Katie, Hannah, Adam, Drislane, Shevaun, Harper, Tauel, Savage, Glenn C., and Tchilingirian, Jordan
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VACCINATION of children , *POLITICAL entrepreneurship , *POLITICAL planning - Abstract
The media's central role in the policy process has long been recognised, with policy scholars noting the potential for news media to influence policy change. However, scholars have paid most attention to the news media as a conduit for the agendas, frames, and preferences of other policy actors. Recently, scholars have more closely examined media actors directly contributing to policy change. This paper presents a case study to argue that specific members of the media may display the additional skills and behaviours that characterise policy entrepreneurship. Our case study focuses on mandatory childhood vaccination in Australia, following the entrepreneurial actions of a deputy newspaper editor and her affiliated outlets. Mandatory childhood vaccination policies have grown in strength and number in recent years across the industrialised world in response to parents refusing to vaccinate their children. Australia's federal and state governments have been at the forefront of meeting vaccine refusal with harsh consequences; our case study demonstrates how media actors conceived and advanced these policies. The experiences, skills, attributes, and strategies of Sunday Telegraph Deputy Editor Claire Harvey facilitated her policy entrepreneurship, utilising many classic hallmarks from the literature and additional opportunities offered by her media role. Harvey also subverted the classic pathway of entrepreneurship, mobilising the public ahead of policymakers to force the latter's hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Local heat transitions—a comparative case study of five bioenergy villages in Northern and Southern Germany
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Guhl, Fenja and Zeigermann, Ulrike
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- 2024
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15. Making sense of knowledge-brokering organisations: boundary organisations or policy entrepreneurs?
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MacKillop, Eleanor, Connell, Andrew, Downe, James, and Durrant, Hannah
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BUSINESSPEOPLE , *DECISION making in political science , *BROKERS - Abstract
Knowledge-brokering organisations (KBOs) have multiplied in the evidence–policy landscape worldwide, changing how decision-makers are accessing evidence. Yet, we still know little about their emergence and roles. This research helps to understand KBOs and their place in evidence-based policymaking by highlighting the varied work that they do, the relationships they cultivate with policymakers, the complex knowledge-brokering processes they negotiate, and how they establish their credibility in different ways. We build on boundary organisation theory and the concept of policy entrepreneur (PE) (drawn from the multiple streams analysis) to develop a better understanding of KBOs who play multiple roles. By using the PE concept, we bring a greater focus on the politics of brokering. This duality involves them in seeking to provide 'objective' evidence while simultaneously determining what counts as evidence for policy and making recommendations for political decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Policy entrepreneurs are integral in efforts to curb antimicrobial resistance in low and middle income countries
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Idemudia Imonikhe Otaigbe
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antimicrobial resistance ,policy entrepreneurs ,policy windows ,political will ,health reforms ,low and middle income countries ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2024
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17. Science and Technology and Development in Eastern Africa—From Rhetoric to Actions: Citizens’ Agency in the Implementation of STIs Policies
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Diyamett, Bitrina and Onyango, Gedion, editor
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- 2023
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18. EU Energy Policymaking: Actors and Processes
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Dekanozishvili, Mariam, Egan, Michelle, Series Editor, Paterson, William E., Series Editor, Raube, Kolja, Series Editor, and Dekanozishvili, Mariam
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- 2023
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19. Reframing physical activity in sport development: managing Active Partnerships' strategic responses to policy change.
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Beacom, Aaron, Ziakas, Vassilios, and Trendafilova, Sylvia
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PHYSICAL activity ,SPORTS administration ,STRATEGIC planning ,POLITICAL succession ,POLITICAL entrepreneurship - Abstract
Purpose: This paper examines the role of senior personnel within Active Partnerships as the personnel seek to strategically manage UK policy developments. This paper explores how Active Partnerships engage with the policy process within an environment characterized by systemic structural changes, mounting fiscal challenges, political uncertainty and a succession of public health concerns. Design/methodology/approach: Using the Multiple-Streams Framework (MSF), a case study approach was adopted, focusing on the perspectives of senior personnel. Semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in the management and operation of five Active Partnerships across the South of England and one national stakeholder that works closely with Active Partnerships were conducted. Data were collected during the period following Andy Reed's review of the operation of Active Partnerships. The interviews were complemented by documentary analysis. Findings: Findings illustrate that while senior practitioners within Active Partnerships often behave in line with Lipsky's notion of street-level bureaucrats, by maximizing collective leverage, advocating priorities and providing a voice for local partners, the senior practitioners adopt behaviors more akin to policy entrepreneurs. In this sense, they seek to influence the policy process at critical junctures in order to promote preferred outcomes and protect sectoral interests. Originality/value: This study has explored the relationship between strategic management and the policy process in the context of the rapidly changing policy domain that frames the work of regional sports organizations known as Active Partnerships. The conceptual frame of the investigation is the concept of "policy entrepreneurship", which seeks to articulate how individuals and collectives engage in the policy process, in order to secure outcomes conducive to their objectives. This, in turn, provides a sense of context for the contemporary challenges associated with the management of sport and physical activity (PA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Urban Policy Entrepreneurship: Activist Networks, Minimum Wage Campaigns and Municipal Action Against Inequality.
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Doussard, Marc and Schrock, Greg
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POLITICAL entrepreneurship , *URBAN policy , *MINIMUM wage , *GOVERNMENT policy , *CITIES & towns , *SPACE - Abstract
Why are cities acting against inequality? We attribute the growth of municipal economic policy to multi-city urban policy entrepreneurship networks. These networks combine activists who create pressure to address inequality with policy experts who supply the legislative means to do so. We illustrate the concept through the Fight for $15 campaign in Seattle and Chicago. Drawing on more than 100 interviews, participant observation and secondary documents, we show that advocates for municipal policy reform use national policy entrepreneurship networks to develop policy-specific and generalized policy advocacy techniques. Centering urban policy entrepreneurship brings into focus three important aspects of current municipal public policy: 1) The two-way interaction between national and local policy campaigns. 2) Partnerships between activists who set the political agenda and policy entrepreneurs who act on political opportunity. 3) The role of national advocacy and policy entrepreneurship networks in converting new policy ideas into routine, off-the-shelf policy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. How Policy Entrepreneurs Encourage or Hinder Urban Growth Within a Political Market.
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Ramírez, Edgar E., Castillo, Manlio F., and Sánchez, Eliana I.
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PUBLIC spaces , *PRESSURE groups , *URBAN growth , *MARKETING theory - Abstract
This paper updates and extends the Political Market Framework (PMF) by integrating elements of interest groups and political market theory with policy entrepreneurs' (PEs) roles in explaining the patterns of urban infrastructure construction. The prominent role of PEs is observed through a grounded analysis of two large infrastructure projects in Mexico City. A comparative study of the cases suggests that: (1) The agency of PEs in political markets is central to explaining the construction of urban infrastructure; (2) PEs contribute to the definition of pro-growth or anti-growth coalitions and the definition of public problems; (3) the legitimacy of PEs is grounded in their political or technical reputation, or both; (4) the appropriate use of political institutions requires that PEs know how to use electoral timing strategically; and (5) the role of PEs seems to be better understood within a bounded analysis framework, such as the political markets approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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22. Policy Mobilities in Federal Systems: The Case of Proyectá tu Futuro, a Social Impact Bond for Education and Employment in the City of Buenos Aires.
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Esper, Tomás and Acosta, Felicitas
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SOCIAL impact bonds ,FEDERAL government ,SOCIAL bonds ,EMPLOYABILITY ,EDUCATIONAL mobility ,EMPLOYMENT ,PUBLIC sector ,POLICY diffusion - Abstract
Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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23. Migration governance and the role of the third sector in small-sized towns in Italy.
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Semprebon, Michela, Marzorati, Roberta, and Bonizzoni, Paola
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IMMIGRATION policy , *IMMIGRATION law , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *LOCAL government - Abstract
The paper makes an innovative contribution to studies on the local governance of migration by considering the role played by Third Sector actors in three small municipalities in northern Italy: a mountain village, a rural village, and a town located at the edge of the great Milanese conurbation. The cases shed light on the implications that a small size can have for understanding the policy outputs and challenges of migration governance at the local level. Building on comparative qualitative data, the paper describes common features that can be observed in the local policy arena of small municipalities, such as the reduced number and limited heterogeneity of Third Sector actors, ease of access to local decision-makers, and blurred boundaries between politics and administration. It shows that such features can be associated with specific inclusionary and/or exclusionary policies that can be explained by local associational ecologies and local governments' political orientation, despite the (often) limited human and economic resources available, but also by the activation of policy entrepreneurs and supra-local networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. The Co-operative Party and New Labour: a study of policy entrepreneur influence.
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Kippin, Sean
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BUSINESSPEOPLE ,COOPERATION ,SOCIAL movements ,TRUST ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The Co-operative Party, which represents the interests and ideas of the co-operative movement in British politics, has been the sister party of UK Labour since 1927. Largely ignored by scholarship, it has been on occasion the third-largest party grouping in the House of Commons and represents a social movement with formal members numbering in the millions. The unusual Labour/Co-operative relationship was tested during the New Labour period, with the Co-operative Party gradually establishing itself as a trusted sidekick and a source of policy ideas, despite some initial tensions. This article examines two historical instances where the party proved decisive in influencing public policy; the "Thomas Bill" in 2001–2002, and the creation of Co-operative Schools during the 2007–2010 Brown premiership. In each case, the activities of Co-operative Party-linked 'policy entrepreneurs' were key in the manufacture and exploitation of 'windows of opportunity' for policy change. The paper makes two core conclusions, one empirical: that the Co-operative Party was able to influence New Labour's public policy direction in keeping with its founding objectives. The second is theoretical: that recent trends in Multiple Streams Analysis are reinforced, and that in smaller policy 'subsystems', skilled policy entrepreneurs can play a greater role in the creation of windows of opportunity for policy change than the original theory implies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Intellectual entrepreneurs and U.S. International monetary policy change in the early 1970s.
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Ki, Youn
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BUSINESSPEOPLE , *MONETARY policy , *NEOLIBERALISM - Abstract
This study analyzes U.S. international monetary policy change in the early 1970s, with a focus on the role of intellectual entrepreneurs. Drawing on the literature regarding neoliberalism, policy entrepreneurs, and punctuated equilibrium, the author claims that laissez-faire economists—most notably, Milton Friedman and George Shultz—effectively exploited an external shock in persuading key policy audiences and undermining the existing policy regime. Their entrepreneurship, as well as economic ideas, facilitated the turn to a monetary system based on market-determined exchange rates. As such, this research bridges different aspects of neoliberalism: intellectual and policy aspects. Also, it contributes to the scholarship on policy entrepreneurs by suggesting a new strategy: policy neglect. Policy entrepreneurs may refrain from fully implementing existing rules, which, in punctuated equilibrium, can lead to non-compliance on a large scale, instigating a radical policy shift. Further, this research responds to a recent call to examine contextual factors that affect policy entrepreneurship. The policy domain of foreign economic affairs poses distinct challenges and opportunities for policy entrepreneurs, with special implications for policy venue shopping and non-traditional policy audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. Municipal climate leadership in Canada: the role of leadership in the expansion of municipal climate action.
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Touchant, Lauren
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CLIMATE change mitigation , *LEADERSHIP , *PUBLIC officers , *CLIMATE change , *CITIES & towns - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this empirical case study is to study and explain the role of public leadership in the expansion of municipal climate action in Canada. Design/methodology/approach: In 2017 and 2018, the authors conducted13 semi-directed interviews with municipal staff and elected officials from three municipalities, a documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources. Interviews and documentation collected were also coded using the software NVIVO 12. The authors compared three municipal case studies: the City of Toronto (Ontario), the City of Guelph (Ontario), and the Town of Bridgewater (Nova Scotia). Findings: The authors found that leadership is a prominent factor explaining the expansion of municipal climate action in Canada. Municipal climate action is initiated and championed by an individual, elected officials or municipal staff, who lead and engage in the development of policy instruments to mitigate and/or adapt to climate change. These leaders facilitate the formulation and implementation of instruments, encourage a paradigm shift within the municipality, overcome structural and behavioural barriers, and foster collaboration around a common vision. Optimal municipal climate leadership occurs when the leadership of elected officials and municipal is congruent, though networks play a significant role by amplifying municipal sustainability leadership. They support staff and elected officials leadership within municipalities, provide more information and funding to grow the capacity of municipalities to develop instruments, to the point that conditions under which municipalities are driving climate action are changing. Research limitations/implications: This paper hopes to contribute to better understand under what conditions municipalities drive change. Originality/value: There is an international scholarly recognition that municipalities should be further explored and considered important actors in the Canadian and international climate change governance. Gore (2010) and Robinson and Gore (2015) highlighted that we are yet to understand the extent to which municipalities are involved in climate governance in Canada. This article directly addresses this gap in the current scholarly literature and explores the expansion of climate municipal leadership with the aspects of interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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27. University presidents as policy entrepreneurs: Evidence from U.S. universities engaged in prestige behaviour.
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Martinez, Magdalena and Henkle, Jason
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COLLEGE presidents , *CARNEGIE unit (Education) , *UNIVERSITY & college administration , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *EDUCATIONAL leadership , *HIGHER education - Abstract
This article examines how university presidents who led their institutions to achieve Carnegie "R1 Highest Research Activity" managed policy tensions created by prestige priorities and worked with groups and coalitions internally and externally. Striving to achieve R1 status requires U.S. universities to re‐calibrate their focus, resources, and messaging both internally and externally. Using four elements of policy entrepreneurship (PE), the three cases included in this article illustrate the critical role of university presidents as PE in maintaining a sustained effort over an extended period. University leaders displayed their social acuity and built teams by cultivating their social and political capital with influential constituents and groups. As PE, university presidents were deliberate and thoughtful about the language they used to define and describe policy problems and solutions. The findings expand our understanding of the role of university presidents as PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Experts as policy entrepreneurs: How knowledge can lead to radical environmental change.
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Valin, Nina and Huitema, Dave
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WATER management ,GLOBAL environmental change ,TRANSCODING - Abstract
In the context of global environmental change, radical policy change is often called for. Experts are frequently involved and can act as policy entrepreneurs to make such change happen. This paper presents an analysis of a historical case where radical policy change took place at large scale, namely the development of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). In this endeavor, experts were deeply embedded in the designing of radical new policies. First, we demonstrate for the first time how experts can act as policy entrepreneurs alongside the EU Commission, and insist on the importance of not neglecting the agency of experts in EU radical policy change. Second, we elaborate on the complexity of the interactions between the policy and politics streams of Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework. In his framework, Kingdon describes the policy process as three parallel streams (a problem, a policy and politics) where policy entrepreneurs are the ones ''making the coupling of the streams" (Kingdon, 1984, p188). However, we argue that there is more to understand from the actual processes that make the streams entangled and allow for policy change to become a reality. We propose the concept of transcoding from the STS literature to illustrate the action of policy entrepreneurs in bridging the policy and politics streams. With this concept, we intend to show the processes that translate scientifically endorsed approaches and understandings into policy decisions, and to open new research possibilities in complement to the Multiple Stream Framework. • The European Commission is not the only policy entrepreneur in environmental change. • Experts have an active role in both EU policy and politics as policy entrepreneurs. • The concept of ''transcoding" can complement Kingdon's Multiple Stream Framework. • Transcoding shows how policy entrepreneurs can bridge policy and politics streams. • The Water Framework Directive had a window of opportunity in radical policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. Policy Entrepreneurs and Policy Innovation: The Case Of Kampung Akuarium In Jakarta
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Fauzi, Ahmad, Kosandi, Meidi, Striełkowski, Wadim, Editor-in-Chief, Black, Jessica M., Series Editor, Butterfield, Stephen A., Series Editor, Chang, Chi-Cheng, Series Editor, Cheng, Jiuqing, Series Editor, Dumanig, Francisco Perlas, Series Editor, Al-Mabuk, Radhi, Series Editor, Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, Series Editor, Urban, Mathias, Series Editor, Webb, Stephen, Series Editor, Winarni, Leni, editor, Sasaki, Takuo, editor, Suyatno, Suyatno, editor, and Suminar Ayu, Aulia, editor
- Published
- 2022
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30. Theoretical Framework: A Three-Stage Model to Trace the Role of Ideas
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Cino Pagliarello, Marina and Cino Pagliarello, Marina
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- 2022
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31. The Role of Legislative Policy Entrepreneurs in Bridging the Digital Gaps for Immigrants in Host Communities Amidst Global Health Crises
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Afzal, Muhammad Hassan Bin, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Auer, Michael E., editor, Hortsch, Hanno, editor, Michler, Oliver, editor, and Köhler, Thomas, editor
- Published
- 2022
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32. How can we drive sustainability transitions?
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Michael Mintrom and Briony C. Rogers
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Sustainability transitions ,transition management ,governance ,change agents ,policy entrepreneurs ,Political science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Sustainability transitions are required to address challenges of climate change, economic development, ecological integrity, and social justice. Driving sustainability transitions is difficult but necessary work. We discuss sustainability challenges and the need for transitions, with a focus on the vital roles that change agents can play. These change agents exhibit a desire to make change happen. They encourage others to join them in their efforts. After discussing the work of change agents in driving sustainability transitions, we present a case study of change in Perth, Australia, where change agents have attained considerable success in placing that city on a path toward sustainable water management practices. We suggest sustainability transitions can be effectively enabled when change agents: (1) Clarify the problem and articulate a clear vision; (2) Engage others to identify workable solutions and implementation pathways; (3) Secure support from influential stakeholders; (4) Establish effective monitoring tools and learning systems; (5) Foster long-term relationships of trust and mutual support; and (6) Develop narratives that support on-going action.
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- 2022
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33. Bureaucrats as policy makers: Minority accommodation and exclusion in ethnic nation‐states.
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Talal, Olga
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CIVIL service , *ARABS , *NATION-state , *MINORITIES , *MAYORAL elections , *EDUCATION policy , *BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
Why do some ethnic nation‐states employ simultaneously inconsistent policies toward ethnic minorities, accommodating them in one sphere but excluding them from another? This article argues that this incoherent treatment of minorities results from the delegation of authority to bureaucrats. Building on the principal‐agent approach and nationalism scholarship, this work develops a causal mechanism explaining the conditions under which bureaucrats can shift state policies toward ethnic minorities and the types of policy preferences they seek to materialize. Defining policy problems, strategically framing optimal solutions, and building support for policy initiatives are the mechanisms through which nonelected officials challenge the existing status quo and seek to shift state policies toward ethnic minorities. This theoretical framework is applied to education and land policies in Israel vis‐à‐vis the Palestinian Arab citizens to illustrate how entrepreneurial bureaucrats can bring about diverse policy outcomes toward the same minority. Related Articles: Ben‐Bassat, Avi, and Momi Dahan. 2018. "Biased Policy and Political Behavior: The Case of Uneven Removal of Elected Mayors in Israel." Politics & Policy 46(6): 912–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12280. Harel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. "Lingual and Educational Policy toward 'Homeland Minorities' in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies." Politics & Policy 37(5): 951–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x. Tusalem, Rollin F. 2015. "Ethnic Minority Governments, Democracy, and Human Rights." Politics & Policy 43(4): 502–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12125. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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34. The role of Indonesian Think Tanks as policy entrepreneurs in policy development of village governance.
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Fatonie, Iskhak
- Abstract
The role of Indonesian think tanks as policy entrepreneurs is evolving as the government has become more open to the involvement of non-state actors.They are non-partisan, groups of intellectual, and have the power to determine their own research agenda, policy focus, and public purpose. Using the case study of the poverty alleviation-oriented Village Law, this paper examines how Indonesian think tank as policy entrepreneur influenced policymakers in the development processes. This paper also explores how think tanks interact with government institutions, parliament, universities, media, interest groups, civil society, and NGOs to create policy networks and achieve policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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35. Neurodiversity in (Not Only) Public Organizations: An Untapped Opportunity?
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Houdek, Petr
- Subjects
NEURODIVERSITY ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,EMPLOYEE benefits ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
This perspective shows how neurodiversity can increase public organizations' innovations and output quality. Studies from business and entrepreneurship fields are used to argue that public organizations may prosper if they recruit neurologically atypical individuals. Their unique thinking styles, coping strategies, and life experiences can lead to public services innovation. The management of public organizations through neurodiversity programs may gain competencies benefiting all employees. However, the promotion of neurodiversity cannot be achieved without demanding changes in organizational culture. The article also illustrates the benefits of neurodiversity using the example of a neurogenerative disease (toxoplasmosis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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36. How to Be a Policy Entrepreneur
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Cairney, Paul and Cairney, Paul
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- 2021
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37. From policy entrepreneurs to policy entrepreneurship: actors and actions in public policy innovation
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Capano, Giliberto and Galanti, Maria Tullia
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- 2021
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38. The strategy of venue creation: Explaining health policy change in Greece
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Maria Mavrikou, Nikolaos Zahariadis, and Vassilis Karokis-Mavrikos
- Subjects
policy entrepreneurs ,policy change ,Multiple Streams Framework ,public health ,Greece ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
How do policy entrepreneurs affect policy change in environments of institutional instability? The literature has predominantly explored policy entrepreneur strategizing in contexts with established institutional settings. In this paper, we argue that under conditions of institutional fluidity and a weak and politicized public administration, venue creation is the more frequently encountered and the more likely successful strategy. We define venue creation as the entrepreneurial strategy of setting-up institutional arrangements of finite duration, predominantly in the form of committees, delegated exclusively with designing reforms. We test our hypothesis in the Greek health policy sector. We explore two policy instances: the unsuccessful attempt at a public health reform in 1992 and the successful introduction of radical policy change for public health in 2003. We employ a process tracing approach spanning thirty years, processing primary data (elite interviews and documents) applying the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF). We find that under conditions of institutional fluidity and administrative weakness, policy entrepreneurs failed in their pursuit of change using venue shopping in 1992 but succeeded through venue creation in 2003, confirming our hypothesis. We conclude with insights for contingent policy entrepreneurship success, the MSF and patterns of policymaking in Greece.
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- 2022
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39. Moral policy entrepreneurship: the role of NGOs in the EU's external human rights policy towards China.
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Buntinx, Ann-Charlotte and Colli, Francesca
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL entrepreneurship , *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *HUMAN rights - Abstract
Although it is acknowledged that NGOs play an important role in the EU's policymaking, their role in external action is less studied due to the often closed-off character of foreign policymaking. This study helps to fill this gap by analysing the role of NGOs in the EU's external human rights policy towards China regarding the Xinjiang crisis. It is based on a content analysis of EU and NGO documents, as well as interviews with EU and NGO representatives. We find that NGOs act not just as policy entrepreneurs, but as moral policy entrepreneurs: they combine expertise with moral arguments about the EU's responsibility as a human rights leader to push the Xinjiang crisis higher on the EU's agenda and guide its response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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40. Straddling multiple streams: focusing events, policy entrepreneurs and problem brokers in the governance of English fire and rescue services.
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Eckersley, Peter and Lakoma, Katarzyna
- Subjects
- *
BUSINESSPEOPLE , *WATER supply for fire service , *BROKERS , *POLICY sciences , *POLICE - Abstract
Empirical studies that use the multiple streams approach often examine cases of reactive policymaking in response to "focusing events", rather than proactive policymakers who seek to broker or construct problems that their preferred solution might address. Drawing on publicly-available debates about reforms to fire and rescue services in seven areas of England, we show how individuals within small policy subsystems may construct problems to try and convince others to support their preferred policy solution. By straddling all three streams and acting as endogenous policy entrepreneurs, policymakers and problem brokers simultaneously, we highlight how these actors can exert substantial influence over policymaking processes – although consensus within the political stream about the existence of a genuine problem is still a key factor in facilitating change. These insights allow us to introduce a more obvious power dimension and greater predictive capacity into the multiple streams approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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41. Law enforcement and public health programs in Latin America: The role of collective learning.
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Arredondo, Jaime, Maulen, Sergio, and Campos, Natalia A.
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC health , *COVID-19 pandemic , *PUBLIC safety , *LAW enforcement - Abstract
Implementation of law enforcement and public health programs in Latin America has been challenging. From financial reasons to lack of political support, positively evaluated programs are terminated. In this context, we argue that collective learning is an innovative strategy that leads to stronger, well-organized, resilient groups of policy entrepreneurs who can advocate for better policies and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The PCD Unit of the OECD and Circulation of Knowledge on Policy Coherence for Development
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Zeigermann, Ulrike and Zeigermann, Ulrike
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- 2020
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43. Towards the Establishment of a New Urban Renewal Paradigm
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Romano, Giulia C. and Romano, Giulia C.
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- 2020
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44. Reconstructing the emergence of Teach First : examining the role of policy entrepreneurs and networks in the process of policy transfer
- Author
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Rauschenberger, Emilee Ruth, Paterson, Lindsay, and Raffe, David
- Subjects
379 ,policy borrowing ,transfer ,diffusion ,policy entrepreneurs ,Teach First - Abstract
Within the disciplines of education and political science, the phenomenon of the voluntary transfer of policy ideas or practices from elsewhere, or “policy borrowing”, is often the topic of intense debate and study. The study of policy transfer also has strong links with the field of diffusion. Scholars in these fields study cases of policy transfer to understand (1) what motives and mechanisms cause policy diffusion and transfer, and (2) how policies are adapted, or reinvented, in the process of being transferred. The majority of such studies have focused on state-to-state cases of policy transfer involving predominantly government actors. Yet, a growing but still limited number of studies have considered the ways policy entrepreneurs have initiated transfer and utilized networks to bring about and implement policy ideas taken from elsewhere. Teach First provides a unique case-study through which to investigate the role of policy entrepreneurs and networks in shaping the process of policy transfer and reinvention. Teach First launched in 2002 as a non-profit organization and innovative teacher training programme based in London. The scheme, proposed and implemented by leaders within the private sector but heavily funded by the central government, was publicly linked to the U.S. programme Teach For America (TFA). Like TFA, Teach First’s purpose was to improve the schooling of disadvantaged pupils by recruiting elite university graduates to teach for two years in under-resourced schools. My research aimed to uncover how and why this policy was first conceptualized and launched as well as how it was reinvented in the process by those individuals and groups involved. Thus, through a case-study of Teach First’s emergence, this study investigates: What roles do policy entrepreneurs and networks play in policy transfer and diffusion processes? and How are policy entrepreneurs and networks involved in reinventing policy during the transfer process? To explore these research questions, I carried out semi-structured interviews with more than 50 individuals from various sectors who were involved in the creation of either Teach First or TFA. After transcribing all interviews, I used a form of narrative analysis to reconstruct the policy story of how Teach First emerged. In the process, I uncovered and accounted for the diversity of motives, institutional pressures, and contextual factors shaping Teach First’s development with a focus on the policy entrepreneurs and networks. Drawing on previous research in policy transfer, innovation-diffusion, and institutionalism to analyze the policy story, I concluded that both policy entrepreneurs and networks were responsible for bringing about transfer of TFA to England and shaping the nature and extent of its reinvention. This temporal process was furthered shaped by the highly politicized nature of initial teacher training in England, which limited the autonomy of policy entrepreneurs and forced further adaptation of Teach First in ways that its original sponsors had not intended. I also discovered that, while the TFA model played an influential role in this process, TFA was not generally used as a guiding model during implementation. Furthermore, I argue that in the process of mobilizing support for Teach First and implementing the idea in its first year, a new network emerged and represented a potentially influential new voice in education. This study aims to contribute to (1) the knowledge of the roles of policy entrepreneurs and networks in policy innovation, diffusion, and transfer and (2) the growing but still limited research on Teach First. This study also provides a foundation for further studies of Teach For All, an organization co-founded in 2007 by Teach First and TFA, which works to spread the programme globally. Through Teach For All, at least thirty-eight other countries now have programmes modeled on TFA and Teach First, though little research has examined how Teach First came about and spread in this way. Finally, the research also illustrates the value of a methodology not often used in transfer studies – narrative reconstruction – through which data is formed into a storied narrative to account for the complexities of the contexts and the socially–constructed views of the diversity of actors involved in policy-making and transfer.
- Published
- 2017
45. Local municipalities and the influence of national networks on city climate governance: Small places with big possibilities
- Author
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Cynthia Coulombe, David Maya-Drysdale, and Kes McCormick
- Subjects
climate action implementation ,city networks ,small and medium-sized municipalities ,policy entrepreneurs ,Denmark ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Reaching the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement not only requires ambitious goals from national governments, but also the active participation of local municipalities. It is in cities where climate actions need to be implemented to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reach international and national climate goals. While the importance of cities and their participation in networks has been well-researched, studies have systematically neglected the committed individual agents in small and medium-sized cities and overlooked the importance of national networks. To address these research gaps, this article looks at how local climate managers use their municipality's membership in national networks to increase action and implementation. This article is based on 12 semi-structured interviews with seven municipal representatives and five representatives of two national city networks, and four informal discussions. Through comparative content analysis, it was identified that the main functions derived from network participation are direct exchanges between the climate managers, mobilization of others in the municipality, accounting of greenhouse gas emissions, and project support. These functions helped overcome key limitations that the actors often faced within the municipality related to a lack of legal competences, administrative resources and internal support for climate work and financial resources. This has implications for city networks which have been focusing on larger cities and not including smaller cities who have less capacity and who can benefit the most from the functions provided by them.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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46. Law enforcement and public health programs in Latin America: The role of collective learning
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Jaime Arredondo, Sergio Maulen, and Natalia Campos
- Subjects
Policy entrepreneurs ,collective knowledge ,civil society organizations ,community policing ,sex workers ,harm reduction ,Human settlements. Communities ,HT51-65 ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,HV1-9960 - Abstract
Implementation of law enforcement and public health programs in Latin America has been challenging. From financial reasons to lack of political support, positively evaluated programs are terminated. In this context, we argue that collective learning is an innovative strategy that leads to stronger, well-organized, resilient groups of policy entrepreneurs who can advocate for better policies and programs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The role of aid agencies within environmental cooperation in Congo Basin: facilitators or policy entrepreneurs?
- Author
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Minette Nago
- Subjects
aid agencies ,policy entrepreneurs ,environmental cooperation ,congo basin ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Human settlements. Communities ,HT51-65 - Abstract
Environmental cooperation in the Congo Basin region is facing a paradox as the region has an inflow of aid but deforestation and poverty continue to grow. We examine the role of aid agencies in this paradox, who we assume are policy entrepreneurs who influence and benefit from the process. To test these assumptions, we use policy entrepreneurship theory coupled with a comparative qualitative approach to conduct two case studies. The first case study is a climate change adaptation capacity building initiative with the German aid agency GIZ in the central role. We prove that GIZ led the project with high effectiveness, benefit from it but failed to align the initiative’s goals with the local needs. The second case study is the Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP), which functions without an aid agency in the central role. We observe that although the CBFP’s actions strongly matched local needs, it lacked some effectiveness and could not yield relevant policy outcomes. Therefore, we suggest that suboptimal institutions meeting a minimum standard in both management and orientation toward local needs should be built.
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- 2021
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48. Practical Lessons from Policy Theories
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Weible, Christopher, editor and Cairney, Paul, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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49. COVID-19 as a policy window: policy entrepreneurs responding to violence against women.
- Author
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Mintrom, Michael and True, Jacqui
- Subjects
VIOLENCE against women ,WOMEN'S empowerment ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,GENDER inequality - Abstract
Policy windows emerge through alignment among specific policy problems, political forces, and proposed policy responses. During policy windows, it becomes possible for change to occur, driven by the agenda-setting of policy entrepreneurs. We consider how the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created a significant policy window. As we do so, we seek to advance theorization of the conditions under which policy change occurs and when it sticks. We ground this discussion in exploration of a salient policy matter: responding to violence against women (VAW). Shortly after the World Health Organization declared the spread of COVID-19 a global pandemic, in April 2020, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuke, Executive Director of United Nations (UN) Women--the entity of the UN dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women--coined VAW the "shadow pandemic" and launched a global public awareness campaign. We review the advocacy work that led in 2020 to broader recognition of VAW as a significant policy problem. That advocacy has driven policy changes at local and national levels that are intended to have long-term, trajectory-altering impacts on reducing violence. We conclude by drawing insights to guide theory-driven empirical analysis of other policy windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The function of expert involvement in China's local policy making.
- Author
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Shen, Yongdong, Ieong, Meng U., and Zhu, Zihang
- Subjects
- *
VOCATIONAL guidance , *ADVOCACY coalition framework , *PROFESSIONS , *AUTHORITARIANISM ,DEVELOPING countries ,WESTERN countries - Abstract
Policy making in authoritarian regimes is assumed to be exclusive. The selective use of experts in China questions that assumption. Through three case studies from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, we illustrate experts' functions in China. Local policy makers rely on them as science arbiters and to provide policy legitimization, just like their counterparts in the democracies of the Western world. They also have a function we call an "accountability facilitator," which highlights the uniqueness of expert involvement in China. These cases describe the benefits the Chinese government receives from experts and explain why it is willing to listen to the public in certain circumstances. Related Articles: Bryson, John R., Michael Taylor, and Peter W. Daniels. 2008. "Commercializing 'Creative' Expertise: Business and Professional Services and Regional Economic Development in the West Midlands, United Kingdom." Politics & Policy 36(2): 306–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00107.x Nwalie, Martin Ike. 2019. "Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Changes in a Third‐World Country." Politics & Policy 47(3): 545–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12302 Svallfors, Stefan. 2016. "Out of the Golden Cage: PR and the Career Opportunities of Policy Professionals." Politics & Policy 44(1): 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12149 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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