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Background: Pleuropulmonary amebiasis is the most common complication of amoebic liver abscess, occurring in 15% of patients with amoebic liver disease and in 1% of patients with amoebic dysentery. Most commonly occurs by direct extension of a right superior lobe hepatic abscess through the diaphragm to the right lower lobe of the lung with a mortality rate of 5-16%. Primary pleural amebiasis without liver involvement is rare. Case Presentation: Reported an 18-year-old male patient with pleural amebiasis from the results of parasitological examination of pleural fluid found Entamoeba histolytica. History, physical examination and support showed normal liver function. The patient has a history of poor sanitation with a dissertation of unhygienic habits. Patients without liver problems remain at risk for amoebiasis pleura Conclusion: Pleural amebiasis without liver involvement was a rare case. Further investigation was needed in patients with pleural amoebiasis to other organs, such as the liver and digestive tract. Diagnose pleural amebiasis should be the main focus in determining the etiology. Entamoeba histolytica may be involved in pleural inflammation and cause effusion.

Abstract Background Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a rare infectious disease in developed countries. If the trophozoites enter the blood, it can spread through the body, such as brain, and lungs. Cases of simultaneous infection of multiple organs are extremely rare. Case presentation Here we report a case of simultaneous infection of amoeba in pulmonary pleura, urinary system and central nervous system. Although the patient received anti amoeba treatment, the prognosis of the patient was poor. Conclusions In this patient, multiple extraintestinal amebic infections in the absence of clinically confirmed intestinal amebiasis or amebic liver abscess are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. The disseminated amebiasis has significantly increased the mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may reduce the mortality of disseminated amebiasis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multiorgan manifestations, including pleuropulmonary involvement (20–90%). The precise mechanism of pleuropulmonary involvement in SLE is not well-understood; however, systemic type 1 interferons, circulating immune complexes, and neutrophils seem to play essential roles. There are eight types of pleuropulmonary involvement: lupus pleuritis, pleural effusion, acute lupus pneumonitis, shrinking lung syndrome, interstitial lung disease, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary embolism. DAH has a high mortality rate (68–75%). The diagnostic tools for pleuropulmonary involvement in SLE include chest X-ray (CXR), computed tomography (CT), pulmonary function tests (PFT), bronchoalveolar lavage, biopsy, technetium-99m hexamethylprophylene amine oxime perfusion scan, and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. An approach for detecting pleuropulmonary involvement in SLE includes high-resolution CT, CXR, and PFT. Little is known about specific therapies for pleuropulmonary involvement in SLE. However, immunosuppressive therapies such as corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide are generally used. Rituximab has also been successfully used in three of the eight pleuropulmonary involvement forms: lupus pleuritis, acute lupus pneumonitis, and shrinking lung syndrome. Pleuropulmonary manifestations are part of the clinical criteria for SLE diagnosis. However, no review article has focused on the involvement of pleuropulmonary disease in SLE. Therefore, this article summarizes the literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of pleuropulmonary involvement in SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Amoebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which is a rare infectious disease in developed countries. If the trophozoites enter the blood, it can spread through the body, such as brain, and lungs. Cases of simultaneous infection of multiple organs are extremely rare.Case Presentation: Here we report a case of simultaneous infection of amoeba in pulmonary pleura, urinary system and central nervous system. Although the patient received anti amoeba treatment, the prognosis of the patient was poor.Conclusions: In this patient, multiple extraintestinal amebic infections in the absence of clinically confirmed intestinal amebiasis or amebic liver abscess are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. The disseminated amebiasis has significantly increased the mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment may reduce the mortality of disseminated amebiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the CT, thoracoscopic, and histological findings of a 55-year-old female with pleuropulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. The CT scan revealed pleuropulmonary lesions, and thoracoscopy allowed direct visualization and biopsy of the lesions. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, emphasizing the utility of combining imaging, endoscopic, and pathological methods in diagnosing this rare tumor., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Haroun et al.)

Abstract Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare tumor, representing about 0.1% of skin malignant tumors. It is characterized by local aggressiveness with significant potential for recurrence. Although metastasis is rare, it does occur. We report a case of a Burkinabe woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Case presentation A 27-year-old Burkinabe woman consulted our institution for a recurrent scalp nodule that had been evolving for 13 years. At clinical examination, she was in good condition with a dry cough. An atrophic scarring alopecic plaque of 15-cm diameter in the right parietal region of the scalp, topped by an erythematous firm nodule measuring 3 × 2 × 2 cm, was noted, as well as a mobile nodule located in the axillary tail of the right breast. Cerebral computed tomodensitometry had not objectified the reach of the vault or the brain. A thoracic scan revealed four intrathoracic tissue masses straight to pleural touch. There were no evolutionary lesions in the abdominopelvic region. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy of the scalp nodule showed a proliferation of fibrous background, with fusiform cells carrying a storiform appearance. These cells had dark, elongated nuclei and showed some mitosis without atypia. The cells expressed CD34 intensely and diffusely. The test results were negative for PS100 and smooth muscle actin. The breast nodule showed the same profile as the scalp nodule. Conclusions We concluded on the diagnosis of scalp dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with breast metastasis and probable pleuropulmonary metastasis.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a unique dysontogenetic and a primitive neoplasm occuring almost exclusively in the first decade of life, as a pulmonary- and/or pleural-based tumor with cystic, solid, or combined cystic and solid features. It is characterized histologically by a primitive, variably mixed blastematous and sarcomatous tissues. These tumors are usually associated with a poor prognosis. However, with a multimodality treatment approach, the survival of the patient can be prolonged. We herein report two cases of PPB in adolescence, a rare presentation beyond first decade of life with a short review of literature.

Talc pleurodesis has been associated with pleuropulmonary damage, particularly long-term damage due to its inert nature. The present model series review aimed to assess the safety of this procedure by examining inflammatory stimulus, biocompatibility and tissue reaction following talc pleurodesis. Talc slurry was performed in rabbits: 200 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 14 (five models), 200 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 28 (five models), 40 mg/kg, checked at postoperative day 14 (five models), 40 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 28 (five models). Talc poudrage was performed in pigs: 55 mg/kg checked at postoperative day 60 (18 models). Tissue inspection and data collection followed the surgical pathology approach currently used in clinical practice. As this was an observational study, no statistical analysis was performed. Regarding the rabbit model (Oryctolagus cunicoli), the extent of adhesions ranged between 0 and 30%, and between 0 and 10% following 14 and 28 days, respectively. No intraparenchymal granuloma was observed whereas, pleural granulomas were extensively encountered following both talc dosages, with more evidence of visceral pleura granulomas following 200 mg/kg compared with 40 mg/kg. Severe florid inflammation was observed in 2/10 cases following 40 mg/kg. Parathymic, pericardium granulomas and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were evidenced at 28 days. At 60 days, from rare adhesions to extended pleurodesis were observed in the pig model (Sus Scrofa domesticus). Pleural granulomas were ubiquitous on visceral and parietal pleurae. Severe spotted inflammation among the adhesions were recorded in 15/18 pigs. Intraparenchymal granulomas were observed in 9/18 lungs. Talc produced unpredictable pleurodesis in both animal models with enduring pleural inflammation whether it was performed via slurry or poudrage. Furthermore, talc appeared to have triggered extended pleural damage, intraparenchymal nodules (porcine poudrage) and mediastinal migration (rabbit slurry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare tumor, representing about 0.1% of skin malignant tumors. It is characterized by local aggressiveness with significant potential for recurrence. Although metastasis is rare, it does occur. We report a case of a Burkinabe woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.Case Presentation: A 27-year-old Burkinabe woman consulted our institution for a recurrent scalp nodule that had been evolving for 13 years. At clinical examination, she was in good condition with a dry cough. An atrophic scarring alopecic plaque of 15-cm diameter in the right parietal region of the scalp, topped by an erythematous firm nodule measuring 3 × 2 × 2 cm, was noted, as well as a mobile nodule located in the axillary tail of the right breast. Cerebral computed tomodensitometry had not objectified the reach of the vault or the brain. A thoracic scan revealed four intrathoracic tissue masses straight to pleural touch. There were no evolutionary lesions in the abdominopelvic region. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy of the scalp nodule showed a proliferation of fibrous background, with fusiform cells carrying a storiform appearance. These cells had dark, elongated nuclei and showed some mitosis without atypia. The cells expressed CD34 intensely and diffusely. The test results were negative for PS100 and smooth muscle actin. The breast nodule showed the same profile as the scalp nodule.Conclusions: We concluded on the diagnosis of scalp dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with breast metastasis and probable pleuropulmonary metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melioidosis is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Few cases have been reported from south India. This is a case report of pleuropulmonary melioidosis with rib osteomyelitis.

Background: Primary pleuropulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcomas (PPMSSs) are extremely rare. The authors present the largest series in an Asian population. Methods: Between 2000 and 2015, 26 genetically confirmed PPMSSs were included. The clinicopathologic features of all of the cases were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out using the following antibodies: TLE1, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), EMA, CD99, Bcl-2, CK7, CD34, S-100 protein, and Ki-67. The chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of this series with that of the previous series and soft tissue synovial sarcomas. Results: This series included 17 males and nine females. The median age was 36.5 years (range, 16-72 years). The tumors involved the lung (76.9 %), pleura (15.4 %), and mediastinum (7.7 %). The median tumor size was 6 cm (range 2.3 ~ 24 cm). The majority of the tumors were well-circumscribed. The tumors were classified as monophasic (84.6 %), biphasic (3.8 %), and poorly differentiated (11.5 %) types. The tumors were graded as French Federation of Cancer Centers (FNCLCC) grade 2 (62.5 %) and FNCLCC 3 (37.5 %). Diffuse immunostaining for TLE1, BCL-2, and CD99 was identified in 91.7, 95.7, and 56.0 % of the tumors, respectively. Focal positivity was seen with EMA (84.6 %), CK7 (55. 6 %), cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) (68.0 %), CD34 (5.0 %), and S-100 protein (21.7 %). A high Ki-67 index (≥10 %) was observed in 91.3 % of the tumors. The fusion transcripts included SS18-SSX1 (15/22, 68.2 %), SS18-SSX2 including variants (6/22, 27.3 %), and SS18-SSX4 (1/22, 4.5 %) fusions. The remaining four cases showed positivity for SS18 rearrangement by FISH. Surgical excision of tumors or lobectomy were performed in 20 patients, and seven of the patients underwent adjuvant therapy. Clinical follow-up was available in 73.1 % cases, with a median follow-up of 12.0 months. The median survival time was 14.5 months. Tumor resection (p = 0.024) and no residual tumor (p = 0.004) were associated with an improved overall survival time. Conclusions: PPMSS is a highly aggressive neoplasm. Extensive surgical resection of the tumor and more effective adjuvant therapy should be advocated. PPMSS must be differentiated from similar diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a unique dysontogenetic and a primitive neoplasm occuring almost exclusively in the first decade of life, as a pulmonary- and/or pleural-based tumor with cystic, solid, or combined cystic and solid features. It is characterized histologically by a primitive, variably mixed blastematous and sarcomatous tissues. These tumors are usually associated with a poor prognosis. However, with a multimodality treatment approach, the survival of the patient can be prolonged. We herein report two cases of PPB in adolescence, a rare presentation beyond first decade of life with a short review of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the lung and pleura are rare tumors. Primary pleural EHE are associated with aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome. Recent advances in EHE include the development of immunohistochemical markers of vascular differentiation, namely Fli-1, and the identification of a specific chromosomal translocation (t(1;3)(p36;q25)). We present a 19 year old male patient with a rapidly progressive malignant neoplasm that presented as a multinodular lung parenchymal process, with associated pleural effusion and thickening. Pathologic examination revealed a pleuropulmonary neoplasm with cytologic features including round to oval epithelioid cells with frequent cytoplasmic vacuoles. Immunohistochemistry confirmed vascular differentiation of tumor cells (CD34, CD31 and Fli-1 positive). While the cytologic features were suggestive of EHE, the aggressive nature of the neoplasm, with disseminated pleuropulmonary involvement, raised the question of whether the neoplasm should be classified as EHE or epithelioid angiosarcoma. Here, we review the clinicopathologic characteristics of pleuropulmonary EHE and the overlap between malignant EHE and angiosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) typically presents in young children, most younger than 5 years, as dysontogenetic neoplasm. It has poor prognosis with three different subtypes: cystic (type I), combined cystic and solid (type II) and solid (type III). Our patient was admitted with dyspnea and was diagnosed at 25 years of age. He had upper right lobectomy and diagnosed as Type II PPB followed by alternating IE/VAC (Ifosfamide, etoposide/vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide) polychemotherapy. Immunohistochemical studies showed vimentin positive while cytogenetic studies showed absence of trisomies 8 and 2 abnormalities. Our patient is presently alive and disease- free thirty months after diagnosis. It is not possible to obtain definite knowledge about the prognostic factors and survival rates in adult type PPB. Complete resection is proposed to be one of the important prognostic factors in literature. Longer follow up results in larger patient groups are required for obtaining definitive data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melioidosis is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Few cases have been reported from south India. This is a case report of pleuropulmonary melioidosis with rib osteomyelitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare soft tissue tumor originating from skeletal muscle that is mostly reported in children. The most common sites of involvement are the head, neck, and extremities. The 2020 WHO classification divide RMS into four types: embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and spindle cell/sclerosing. Reports of RMS with primary lung origin are rare. We present a case of RMS in a 16-month-old boy who presented with a lung mass and microscopic examination with fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the diagnosis of alveolar RMS. In conclusion, RMS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any lung mass with small round blue cell morphology in the microscopic evaluation and should be distinguished from metastatic RMS of other sites, pleuropulmonary blastoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/EWING, and malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors (MPNST)., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Hafiz et al.)

La tuberculosis es una de las enfermedades más terribles que afectan al hombre; su antigüedad se estima entre 15 000 a 20 000 años. La historia de la lucha antituberculosa se inicia con el surgimiento y desarrollo de la civilización, vinculada a los conocimientos que sobre la enfermedad existían en cada época especifica de la evolución humana. Un sinnúmero de rituales, remedios y fármacos se han empleado a lo largo de la historia en aras de erradicar este peligroso flagelo; en la actualidad numerosas investigaciones y cuantiosos recursos se dedican a la búsqueda de nuevos medicamentos y vacunas con posibilidades terapéuticas futuras, pues aún, en los inicios del siglo XXI, el Mycobaterium tuberculosis sigue causando la muerte de millones de personas y enfrentando nuevos retos como TB/VIH & MDR-TB.Tuberculosis is one of the most terrible diseases that affect man, it is known since 20 000 years. The history of the fight against tuberculosis initiates since the beginning and development of civilization, linked to the knowledge of the disease in every age period of human evolution. An uncountable amount of rites, remedies, and medicines have been employed along the history to eradicate this disease. Currently, numerous resources and investigations are dedicated to the search for new medications and vaccines with therapeutic possibilities, because even now, at the beginning of the 21st Century, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is still causing death to millions of people and facing new challenges such as TB/HIV & MDR-TB.