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Chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common challenge of cancer therapy and can lead to chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, and/or discontinuation, affecting relative dose intensity, and possibly adversely impacting cancer care. Besides changing anticancer regimens, standard management of CIT has been limited to platelet transfusions and supportive care. Use of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim, already approved for use in immune thrombocytopenia, has shown promising signs of efficacy in CIT. In a phase 2 prospective randomized study of solid tumor patients with platelet counts <100 × 109/L for ≥4 weeks due to CIT, weekly romiplostim corrected the platelet count to >100 × 109/L in 93% (14/15) of patients within 3 weeks versus 12.5% (1/8) of untreated patients (p < 0.001). Including patients treated with romiplostim in an additional single‐arm cohort, 85% (44/52) of all romiplostim‐treated patients responded with platelet count correction within 3 weeks. Several retrospective studies of CIT have also shown responses to weekly romiplostim, with the largest study finding that poor response to romiplostim was predicted by tumor invasion of the bone marrow (odds ratio, 0.029; 95% CI: 0.0046–0.18; p < 0.001), prior pelvic irradiation (odds ratio, 0.078; 95% CI: 0.0062–0.98; p = 0.048), and prior temozolomide treatment (odds ratio 0.24; 95% CI: 0.061–0.96; p = 0.043). Elsewhere, lower baseline TPO levels were predictive of romiplostim response (p = 0.036). No new safety signals have emerged from romiplostim CIT studies. Recent treatment guidelines, including those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, now support consideration of romiplostim use in CIT. Data are expected from two ongoing phase 3 romiplostim CIT trials. Chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common event in cancer care. Romiplostim has been studied and shown to be an effective therapy for treatment of CIT, although not yet approved by the FDA for this indication. We review the current evidence for romiplostim for CIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common challenge of cancer therapy and can lead to chemotherapy dose reduction, delay, and/or discontinuation, affecting relative dose intensity, and possibly adversely impacting cancer care. Besides changing anticancer regimens, standard management of CIT has been limited to platelet transfusions and supportive care. Use of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim, already approved for use in immune thrombocytopenia, has shown promising signs of efficacy in CIT. In a phase 2 prospective randomized study of solid tumor patients with platelet counts 100 × 109/L in 93% (14/15) of patients within 3 weeks versus 12.5% (1/8) of untreated patients (p

Background: A prospective observational study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the role of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the form of a clot as an adjunct in surgery for the closure of large full-thickness macular holes (>400 μm). Methodology: Thirteen patients with a diagnosis of full-thickness macular hole larger than 400 μm, without associated pathologies or previous vitreoretinal surgeries, were selected. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including visual acuity (uncorrected or best corrected), optical coherence tomography (OCT Optovue), and in some cases, retinal photographs. On the day of the procedure, blood samples were taken to prepare PRP and form a clot according to institutional protocol. Patients were followed for 1 year with periodic evaluations that included OCT, retinal photographs, and assessments by a retina specialist and optometry. Results: Of the 13 patients, 46% (6 cases) had an epiretinal membrane as the triggering factor for the macular hole and 54% (7 cases) had vitreomacular traction. Complete closure of the macular hole was achieved in 92.31% (12 cases) and partial closure in 7.69% (1 case). Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/30 to 20/200 according to the Snellen chart. No patient experienced a deterioration in visual acuity after the procedure. Conclusions: The use of PRP as an adjunct treatment for macular hole surgery in patients without previous vitreoretinal surgeries has proven to be effective in achieving complete or partial closure in a high percentage of cases. Pre-and postoperative changes in visual acuity, hole size, and type of closure provide valuable information on the efficacy of PRP treatment in these patients.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is gaining more and more attention in regenerative medicine as an innovative and efficient therapeutic approach. The regenerative properties of PRP rely on the numerous bioactive molecules released by the platelets: growth factors are involved in proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix formation, while cytokines are mainly involved in immune cell recruitment and inflammation modulation. Attempts are ongoing to improve the therapeutic potential of PRP by combining it with agents able to promote regenerative processes. Two interesting candidates are ozone, administered at low doses as gaseous oxygen-ozone mixtures, and procaine. In the present study, we investigated the effects induced on platelets by the in vitro treatment of PRP with ozone or procaine, or both. We combined transmission electron microscopy to obtain information on platelet modifications and bioanalytical assays to quantify the secreted factors. The results demonstrate that, although platelets were already activated by the procedure to prepare PRP, both ozone and procaine induced differential morpho-functional modifications in platelets resulting in an increased release of factors. In detail, ozone induced an increase in surface protrusions and open canalicular system dilation suggestive of a marked α-granule release, while procaine caused a decrease in surface protrusions and open canalicular system dilation but a remarkable increase in microvesicle release suggestive of high secretory activity. Consistently, nine of the thirteen platelet-derived factors analysed in the PRP serum significantly increased after treatment with ozone and/or procaine. Therefore, ozone and procaine proved to have a remarkable stimulating potential without causing any damage to platelets, probably because they act through physiological, although different, secretory pathways.

Platelets produce platelet growth factors such as PDGF, IGF-1, EGF-, HGF, TGFβ, bFGF, and VEGF, which are crucial in regulating all stages of the wound healing process. The source of these substances is platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Over the past five decades, the interest and use of the regenerative properties of platelets have increased significantly in many different fields of medicine around the world. PRP and PRF plate preparations are used in: 1. Dentistry (they reduce bleeding, facilitate and accelerate soft tissue healing and bone regeneration - FGF 2, IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β1, and PDGF); 2. Sports medicine - IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β, VEGF, PDGF and bFGF, EGF); 3. dermatology and cosmetology (treatment of alopecia, hair reconstruction - FGF-7, HGF, acne scars, skin rejuvenation and regeneration, treatment of chronic and poorly healing wounds, burns, and acquired vitiligo); 4. Gynecology and reproductive medicine (treatment of infertility, erectile dysfunction - PDGF-β, TGF-β, IGF-1, in sexual dysfunction - PDGF, in vaginal atrophy); 5 Ophthalmology (in the healing of corneal epithelial wounds, in the treatment of dormant corneal ulcers, dry eye syndrome and the reconstruction of the corneal surface; 6. Neurology (regeneration of neurons, pain alleviation, and clinical symptoms - TGF-β 1, IGF-1, PDGF, VEGF) and FGF). Platelet-rich plasma therapy is a very interesting alternative and complement to traditional methods of treatment. However, the potential for using platelets is still not fully understood. The composition of platelet-rich plasma depends on many factors that may affect its use's efficacy and clinical benefits. Further research is necessary to standardize PRP delivery's preparation procedures and methods for a specific disease entity or clinical case. [Display omitted] • Platelets produce platelet growth factors which are crucial in regulating all stages of the wound healing process. • Uses of the regenerative properties of platelets have increased significantly in many fields of medicine. • PRP and PRF are used in: stomatology, sports medicine, dermatology, cosmetology, gynecology, ophthalmology, neurology. • PRP therapy is a very interesting alternative and complement to traditional methods of treatment. • Further research is necessary to standardize PRP delivery's preparation procedures and methods for a specific disease entity or clinical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Тo study the microscopic picture of the tissues of the perforated tympanic membrane after the introduction of blood plasma enriched with platelet growth factors into the perforated area of the tympanic membrane in the experiment.Materials and methods. 36 rats (72 tympanic membranes) were examined. The animals were divided into 2 groups, the main and the control. The tympanic membrane was perforated in rats of both groups using sterile play. Animals of the main group were injected with a single application of autoplasm of blood enriched with platelet growth factors into the area of perforation of the tympanic membrane. The animals of the control group underwent only dynamic observation. The rats were withdrawn from the experiment in batches of 6 individuals on day 5, 10, 15 after the tympanic membrane perforation, then a histological assessment of the tissue regeneration of the tympanic membranes was performed. Results. In animals of the main group on the 5th day after perforation of the tympanic membrane, edema and disorganization of connective tissue were significantly less frequently recorded than in animals of the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Fibroblastic infiltration of tympanic membrane tissues was significantly more often observed in rats of the main group compared with rats in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). In rats of the main group on the 10th day after perforation of the tympanic membrane, edema and disorganization of the connective tissue of the tympanic membranes were noted significantly less frequently than in rats of the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Signs of fibroblastic infiltration and neoangiogenesis at the same time in animals of the main group were revealed significantly more often, in contrast to rats in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). In animals of the main group, on the 15th day after perforation of the tympanic membrane, fibroblastic infiltration and neoangiogenesis were revealed in all cases of observation, which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators in the control group, and leukocyte infiltration in rats of the main group, in contrast to the previous stages of the study, was noted significantly less frequently. than in rats of the control group (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion. Earlier and complete regeneration of damaged tissues of the tympanic membrane under conditions of its traumatic perforation was noted in rats of the main group under the influence of PCOTFR. In rats of the main group, more organized collagen fibers, the presence of basophilic leukocytes, signs of neoangiogenesis, and extensive fields of fibroblasts were visualized.

Background The use of corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, for pain management is a common clinical practice. However, it is well known that corticosteroids induce toxicity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived stromal cells and chondrocytes. Growth factors from platelets have anti-inflammatory effects that can potentially limit the cytotoxic effects of corticosteroids. In this study, we explored the role of growth factors obtained from the Ossinext TM kit (commercially available Wockhardt growth factor concentrate (GFC) kit) in recovering methylprednisolone-induced cell damage. Methodology Primary ACL-derived stromal cells and chondrocytes were isolated from human ligament tissue and articular cartilage, respectively, and characterized by immunophenotyping, gene expression analysis, and immunostaining. GFC obtained from Ossinext TM kit was used for the experiments. The ACL-derived stromal cells and chondrocytes were treated with methylprednisolone, alone or in combination with GFC. Cell viability was measured by the neutral red uptake assay. Changes in cell morphology and collagen pattern were observed microscopically by H&E staining and immunostaining, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell migration assay, and the cell ultra-structure was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Results Methylprednisolone was found to induce cytotoxicity, altered cell morphology, reduced cell proliferation, and organelle damage in both ACL-derived stromal cells and chondrocytes. GFC obtained from the Ossinext TM kit was able to restore cell viability and reverse the cell structure damages induced by methylprednisolone. GFC was found to recover and protect the cells, both when used in combination with steroids and when used after the steroid treatment. Conclusions The results indicate that GFC may be clinically beneficial when used in combination with steroids to mitigate their adverse effects., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Wockhardt Hospital Institutional Review Board issued approval WH-IRB/STUDY/2019-07. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sharma et al.)

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study is to investigate the surgical management of pilonidal cyst with abscess and to improve short-term and long-term outcomes.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The initial sample consisted of 353 patients operated for pilonidal cyst with abscess. The first group included 105 patients, receiving treatment with the excision of pilonidal cyst and the suturing in staggered rows. The second group consisted of 136 patients with the excision of pilonidal cyst using a unique patented technique. The third group of 112 patients underwent an identical operation to that of the second group, but with additional platelet growth factors (PGF) to improve the wound healing.RESULTS. The current study found that in comparison to the traditional technique, the optimal surgical treatment of pilonidal cyst with abscess was the original one-staged surgical technique, based on an economical excision, which led to an improvement in sickness leave of up to 27 days and in long-term outcomes (2 % of long-term complications). Another important finding was that the application of platelet growth factors (PGF) in the complex treatment of patients with pilonidal cyst with abscesses reduces the recovery time by up to 21 days and resulted in 30 % lower postoperative pain scores (Visual Analog Scale for Pain).CONCLUSION. In general, this finding shows that the original one-stage excision of pilonidal cyst with abscess with the application of PGF and with no suturing reduces disability time without increasing the number of early or late postoperative complications.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic disease affecting many organs. Progression of renal failure aggravates ongoing inflammation and increases oxidative stress. In the final stage of CKD, it is necessary to use renal replacement therapy. A side effect of dialysis therapy is the synthesis of proinflammatory factors and increased oxidative stress, which activates platelets and immune cells. Aim of the study: To determine the regenerative potential of platelets in patients with CKD based on the analysis of the relationships between substances with potential regenerative action, as well as analysis of the influence of the type of renal replacement therapy used on regeneration of platelets. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 117 patients. Based on the type of therapy used, patients were divided into four groups: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplant patients, and conservative treatment (30, 30, 27, and 30 patients). The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of IGF-1, TGF-β, and PDGF-B in the blood serum were measured by ELISA methods. Results: It was shown that renal replacement therapy significantly influences the concentration of platelet growth factors (IGF-1: p = 0.025 and PDGF-B: p = 0.012). There was a relationship between the type of renal replacement therapy and the duration of dialysis, and the concentration of IGF-1, PDGF-B (p < 0.00001, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The type of renal replacement therapy has a different effect on the concentration of platelet-derived growth factors IGF-1 and PDGF-B. PD patients had the highest concentrations of all growth factors, and this may be due to the presence of inflammation induced by dialysis-related advanced end-products of glycosylation (AGE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare clinically and radiologically the effects of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) over Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) on alveolar bone repair following extraction of impacted third molars Materials and Method: This study included split mouths of 25 patients who underwent bilateral extraction of impacted third molars. PRF and PRP were prepared at the same appointment, and was placed in the right and left extracted sockets, respectively. Post operative follow up of the soft tissue healing and hard tissue healing were recorded and was then compared between the two sites of the same patient. Results: The mean values of soft tissue healing and the mean values of bone density measured post operatively was better and statistically significant in PRF group as compared to PRP group. Conclusion: PRF is clinically and statistically significant in soft tissue healing and also has faster regeneration of bone when compared with PRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years various methods are being applied in the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) during treatment in different orthopedic disease. They allow improvement of local biological condition and regeneration of different types of tissues. PRP is a modern treatment strategy with worldwide recognition. There is a high concentration of platelet growth factors in small amounts of plasma. PRP and its various forms have become one of the best methods to support the healing process of various tissues. PRP is used in regenerative medicine, because it provides two of three components (growth factors and scaffolds) necessary for complete tissue regeneration. The particular reason for the appearance of lesions is important in order to select an appropriate treatment method and technical application. PRP may be used for treatment of various chronic and hard-to-heal cutaneous wounds, especially when standard conventional therapy is not good enough and surgical treatment is not possible. It reduces the duration, cost of treatment and the hospital stay. There is reduction of wound pain after starting the treatment, reduced risk of blood-borne disease transmission, wound healing is restored, and local immunity is activated.

Background and objectives: Platelets are a source of numerous growth factors which facilitate repair and healing. Thus platelet rich plasma has been increasingly used as a treatment modality in the field of reconstructive surgeries for wound healing. This preliminary study was carried out to explore whether platelet growth factors from platelet rich plasma could be used for enhancement of split thickness skin graft survival. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (13 males and 7 females) requiring split thickness skin graft for various clinical reasons were enrolled in the study. Platelet rich plasma was collected by apheresis and frozen at −80° C. It was thawed at room temperature immediately before its intended application. PRP was applied only on one half of the wound, while another half served as control. Patient was followed for 6 weeks. The effect was assessed at first dressing in terms of graft uptake and subsequently as time taken for complete healing. Results: There was 100% uptake of the graft in the area where platelet rich plasma was applied. In the control area, there was complete graft loss in 4 cases, partial loss in 7 cases and complete uptake in 9 cases. Conclusion: This study demonstrated promising results on application of PRP to split thickness skin grafts. Further randomized studies with greater sample size may be undertaken to establish platelet rich plasma as a validated treatment modality.

The limited capacity for self-regeneration of the cartilage increases the importance of finding possible treatments for degenerative joint alterations, as well as to verify its effectiveness. The treatment with platelet concentrate has now spread in different medical specialties around the world. This therapy favors the cicatrization process, regeneration or healing of the damaged tissue and it is applied on an outpatient basis or as a complement to a surgical technique. It is a controversial issue in the medical community due to its clinical use in different specialties, despite the fact that there are not many previous laboratory studies and there are few clinical studies with a high level of scientific evidence to prove its efficacy. The application of platelet concentrate in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee seems to be promising; however, more research is needed, both in the basic sciences and in the levels of evidence, before the daily clinical application. The objective of this review is to analyze the rationale for the use of platelet concentrate and the scientific evidence that supports its use in osteoarthritis of the knee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, research in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is focusing on the identification of instructive scaffolds to address the requirements of both clinicians and patients to achieve prompt and adequate healing in case of injury. Among biomaterials, hemocomponents, and in particular Platelet-rich Fibrin matrices, have aroused widespread interest, acting as delivery platforms for growth factors, cytokines and immune/stem-like cells for immunomodulation; their autologous origin and ready availability are also noteworthy aspects, as safety- and cost-related factors and practical aspects make it possible to shorten surgical interventions. In fact, several authors have focused on the use of Platelet-rich Fibrin in cartilage and tendon tissue engineering, reporting an increasing number of in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical studies. This narrative review attempts to compare the relevant advances in the field, with particular reference being made to the regenerative role of platelet-derived growth factors, as well as the main pre-clinical and clinical research on Platelet-rich Fibrin in chondrogenesis and tenogenesis, thereby providing a basis for critical revision of the topic.

Objectives. Bone regeneration is often needed prior to dental implant treatment due to the lack of adequate quantity and quality after infectious diseases. The greatest regenerative power was obtained with autologous tissue, primarily the bone alive, taken from the same site or adjacent sites, up to the use centrifugation of blood with the selection of the parts with the greatest potential regenerative. In fact, various techniques and technologies were chronologically successive to cope with an ever better preparation of these concentrates of blood. Our aim is to review these advances and discuss the ways in which platelet concentrates may provide such unexpected beneficial therapeutic effects. Methods. The research has been carried out in the MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database by choosing keywords as "platelet rich plasma", "platelet rich fibrin", "platelet growth factors", and "bone regeneration" and "dentistry". Results. Autologous platelet rich plasma is a safe and low cost procedure to deliver growth factors for bone and soft tissue healing. Conclusion. The great heterogeneity of clinical outcomes can be explained by the different PRP products with qualitative and quantitative difference among substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Platelets are a source of numerous growth factors which facilitate repair and healing. Thus platelet rich plasma has been increasingly used as a treatment modality in the field of reconstructive surgeries for wound healing. This preliminary study was carried out to explore whether platelet growth factors from platelet rich plasma could be used for enhancement of split thickness skin graft survival. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (13 males and 7 females) requiring split thickness skin graft for various clinical reasons were enrolled in the study. Platelet rich plasma was collected by apheresis and frozen at −80° C. It was thawed at room temperature immediately before its intended application. PRP was applied only on one half of the wound, while another half served as control. Patient was followed for 6 weeks. The effect was assessed at first dressing in terms of graft uptake and subsequently as time taken for complete healing. Results: There was 100% uptake of the graft in the area where platelet rich plasma was applied. In the control area, there was complete graft loss in 4 cases, partial loss in 7 cases and complete uptake in 9 cases. Conclusion: This study demonstrated promising results on application of PRP to split thickness skin grafts. Further randomized studies with greater sample size may be undertaken to establish platelet rich plasma as a validated treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several alternatives can be used for nasal dorsum augmentation. We report the use of crushed diced cartilage embedded in an autologous fibrin matrix. This construct is placed on the nasal dorsum and is gently molded according to the characteristics of each patient. Rhinoplasty and nasal dorsum augmentation were performed in 45 patients with Mestizo characteristics after a complete medical history and development of a surgical plan. A crushed diced cartilage autologous graft and an autologous fibrin matrix from peripheral blood processed using the Choukroun method was used. Pre- and postoperative photographs were taken at short- and long-term follow-up. Two separate variables were evaluated: reabsorption and irregularities. Three plastic surgeons evaluated the results, using a Likert scale: the first variable was considered very excellent in 88.9%, very good in 6.7%, good in 4.4% with no poor or very poor results. In the second variable, results were excellent in 88.9%, very good in 4.4%, good in 3.4%, and poor in 3.3% with no very poor results. Our patients carry a volume with an aesthetically pleasing contour and form with no changes over a mean follow-up period of 4 years. Long-term effectiveness continues to be the main topic of discussion; however, this method can be considered an alternative not only to augment but also to smoothen irregularities of the nasal dorsum. We used a simple method with good and stable long-term clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We evaluated growth factor contents and clinical efficacy of allogeneic platelet gel (PG) prepared with standard blood banking procedures from routine platelet concentrates (PCs) obtained from buffy coats. The PGs were used to treat 11 hypomobile very elderly patients unable to undergo autologous blood processing and previously ineffectively treated with expensive advanced medications for 8–275 weeks. PGs were prepared by platelet activation with human thrombin or commercial batroxobin. Median and range growth factor contents (ng/mL) were: platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AB/-BB) 112 (31-157) and 20 (3.8-34); transforming growth factor (TGF-β1/-β2) 214 (48-289) and 0.087 (0.03-0.28); basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) 0.03 (0.006-0.214); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1.15 (0.18-2.46); epidermal growth factor (EGF) 4.50 (0.87-6.64); insulin-like growth factor (IGF-l) 116 (72-156). In the clinical study, 222 PGs were used within 2 h of activation to treat 14 chronic skin ulcers in the 11 patients. No improvement was seen in 3 patients with 24, 27 and 30 cm3 ulcers who could be treated for no more than 4, 7 and 8 weeks due to progressively worsening clinical conditions, while 11 ulcers with 3.2 cm3 median size (range 0.2–3.6) in the remaining 8 patients showed 91 ± 14 % reduction after a median of 12 weeks (range 1–20). Cost of PG treatment (19,976 euro) amounted to about 10% of the ineffective advanced medication hospital reimbursement fees (191,236 euro). This study supports efficacy and feasibility of allogeneic PG to treat recalcitrant ulcers in very elderly hypomobile patients for whom autologous blood processing may be difficult. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis and wound healing, platelet growth factors are well known source of healing cytokines. Numerous techniques of autologous platelet concentrates have been developed and applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This review describes the evolution of the first and second generation of platelet concentrates (platelet rich plasma and platelet rich fibrin respectively) from their fore runner-fibrin sealants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic cells. Here, for the first time, we surveyed the effects of different concentrations of platelet growth factors and cytokine cocktail (CC) on the expansion and differentiation of UCB CD133+ stem cells into megakaryocyte progenitors. Materials and methods: UCB CD133+ cells were separated by magnetic cell sorting and cultured in different concentrations of platelet growth factors in combination with a CC containing interleukins 3 and 6, stem cell factor, and thrombopoietin. Cell expansion and differentiation were assessed using mononuclear cell count and flow cytometry. Results: The results show that either activated platelet-rich plasma or the platelet supernatant, when added in the first day of culture, significantly suppress the expansion of CD133+ cells after 7 days in culture ( p < 0.05). By contrast, the expression of CD41, CD61, and CD42b markers in the presence of all platelet growth factors increased compared with that of the control ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, platelet growth factors in the presence of CC suppress ex vivo expansion of UCB CD133+ cells and enhance their differentiation into megakaryocytic progenitor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three commercial systems for whole blood separation were compared to obtain the buffy coat composed of platelet-rich plasma (BC-PRP) and leucocytes . These samples of the buffy coat were used to make a platelet gel (PG), which was used to measure platelet growth factor (PGF) release, to perform a white blood cell (WBC) count and to measure myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from WBCs. Aliquots of whole blood obtained from ten volunteers were distributed either to a blood cell separator (The Electa Cell-Separator™, E-CS) or to a tabletop centrifuge (Gravitational Platelet Sequestration System™, GPS) to prepare the BC-PRP. The third system combines the BC-PRP production by E-CS with a micro porous filter (Autologous Growth Factor filter™, AGF) to enrich for the BC-PRP. Autologous thrombin was used to activate the BC-PRP and to prepare the PG and subsequently to degranulate the platelet concentrate. Platelet-derived growth factor-AB and transforming growth factor-β1 were present in high levels after thrombin activation of the E-CS or GPS prepared samples. However, the AGF prepared samples released their growth factors before thrombin activation. The WBCs were significantly increased with each of the three systems. Contrary to the AGF, no leucocyte degranulation occurred with the E-CS or UPS prepared samples, based upon the low MPO concentrations in the BC-PRP. The three types of apparatus had different harvesting capacities for collecting the enriched platelets and the release of high concentrations of PGF. When the E-CS and UPS, but not the AGF, were used, low levels of MPO were maintained in the PU, which potentially contributes to antimicrobial properties of platelet gel at the site of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is the response to injury and the process of tissue repair. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of this process, which includes chemotaxis, production of matrix protein, cell replication, neovascularization and tissue remodelling. Tissue injury causes the disruption of blood vessels that is responsible for extravasation or haemorrhage of blood constituents and the first step of process in the platelet activation after exposure of collagen. Platelets initiate clotting through the coagulation system. When thrombin is formed, fibrinogen is transformed into fibrin; this is the real first step of wound healing. Fibrin glues reproduce this process and have been widely used in surgery to obtain haemostasis and expedite the process of wound healing. Immunogenicity of xenogenic products and risks of viral or prion disease transmission through commercial products have generated new interest in home-made autologous glues whose complexity was increased when platelets were added to coagulation proteins as a source of cytokines and growth factors. For the preparation of these products, the blood bankers took advantage of their usual technologies and several automated apparatuses are currently employed for the preparation of fibrinogen and thrombin concentrates. The machines for sequestration and multicomponent collection have been adapted for the concurrent procurement of plasma and platelets. A further level of complexity was introduced by the addition to glues of peripheral, bone marrow and cord-blood-derived stem cells to help or determine tissue regeneration. Instead of more new technologies, larger studies are now needed to quantify the benefits and clarify the optimal application for these products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Implantodontie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMC-Odontologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Implantodontie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Implantodontie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the biological content and activity of freeze-dried plasma rich in growth factors eye drops after their storage at 4°C and at room temperature for 3 months with respect to fresh samples (time 0)., Methods: Plasma rich in growth factors was obtained after blood centrifugation from three healthy donors. After platelet activation, the obtained plasma rich in growth factors eye drops were lyophilized alone or in combination with lyoprotectant (trehalose), then they were stored for 3 months at room temperature or at 4°C. Several growth factors were analyzed at each storage time and condition. Furthermore, the proliferative and migratory potential of freeze-dried plasma rich in growth factors eye drops kept for 3 months at different temperature conditions was evaluated on primary human keratocytes., Results: The different growth factors analyzed maintained their levels at each time and storage condition. Freeze-dried plasma rich in growth factors eye drops stored at room temperature or 4°C for 3 months showed no significant differences on the proliferative activity of keratocytes in comparison with fresh samples. However, the number of migratory human keratocytes increased significantly after treatment with lyophilized plasma rich in growth factors eye drops kept for 3 months compared to those obtained at time 0. No significant differences were observed between the freeze-dried plasma rich in growth factors eye drops whether mixed or not with lyoprotectant., Conclusion: Freeze-dried plasma rich in growth factors eye drops preserve the main growth factors and their biological activity after storage at room temperature or 4°C for up to 3 months. Lyophilized plasma rich in growth factors eye drops conserve their biological features even without the use of lyoprotectants for at least 3 months.

Nowadays, research in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is focusing on the identification of instructive scaffolds to address the requirements of both clinicians and patients to achieve prompt and adequate healing in case of injury. Among biomaterials, hemocomponents, and in particular Platelet-rich Fibrin matrices, have aroused widespread interest, acting as delivery platforms for growth factors, cytokines and immune/stem-like cells for immunomodulation; their autologous origin and ready availability are also noteworthy aspects, as safety- and cost-related factors and practical aspects make it possible to shorten surgical interventions. In fact, several authors have focused on the use of Platelet-rich Fibrin in cartilage and tendon tissue engineering, reporting an increasing number of in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical studies. This narrative review attempts to compare the relevant advances in the field, with particular reference being made to the regenerative role of platelet-derived growth factors, as well as the main pre-clinical and clinical research on Platelet-rich Fibrin in chondrogenesis and tenogenesis, thereby providing a basis for critical revision of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, research in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is focusing on the identification of instructive scaffolds to address the requirements of both clinicians and patients to achieve prompt and adequate healing in case of injury. Among biomaterials, hemocomponents, and in particular Platelet-rich Fibrin matrices, have aroused widespread interest, acting as delivery platforms for growth factors, cytokines and immune/stem-like cells for immunomodulation; their autologous origin and ready availability are also noteworthy aspects, as safety- and cost-related factors and practical aspects make it possible to shorten surgical interventions. In fact, several authors have focused on the use of Platelet-rich Fibrin in cartilage and tendon tissue engineering, reporting an increasing number of in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical studies. This narrative review attempts to compare the relevant advances in the field, with particular reference being made to the regenerative role of platelet-derived growth factors, as well as the main pre-clinical and clinical research on Platelet-rich Fibrin in chondrogenesis and tenogenesis, thereby providing a basis for critical revision of the topic.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a new treatment modality in regenerative plastic surgery and dermatology. PRP is a simple, cost-effective and feasible treatment option with high patient satisfaction for hair loss and can be regarded as a valuable adjuvant treatment modality for androgenic alopecia and other types of non-scarring alopecias. Authors have proposed a hair model termed "Golden anchorage with 'molecular locking' of ectodermal and mesenchymal components for survival and integrity of hair follicle (HF)" in this article. Golden anchorage comprises of bulge stem cells, ectodermal basement membrane and bulge portion of APM. PRP with its autologous supply of millions of growth factors works on 'Golden anchorage' along with keratinocytes (PDGF), dermal papilla (IGF and fibroblast growth factor), vasculature (VEGF and PDGF) and neural cells (Nerve Growth Factor) in a multipronged manner serving as an 'elixir' for hair growth and improving overall environment., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Objectives: Bone regeneration is often needed prior to dental implant treatment due to the lack of adequate quantity and quality after infectious diseases. The greatest regenerative power was obtained with autologous tissue, primarily the bone alive, taken from the same site or adjacent sites, up to the use centrifugation of blood with the selection of the parts with the greatest potential regenerative. In fact, various techniques and technologies were chronologically successive to cope with an ever better preparation of these concentrates of blood. Our aim is to review these advances and discuss the ways in which platelet concentrates may provide such unexpected beneficial therapeutic effects., Methods: The research has been carried out in the MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database by choosing keywords as "platelet rich plasma", "platelet rich fibrin", "platelet growth factors", and "bone regeneration" and "dentistry"., Results: Autologous platelet rich plasma is a safe and low cost procedure to deliver growth factors for bone and soft tissue healing., Conclusion: The great heterogeneity of clinical outcomes can be explained by the different PRP products with qualitative and quantitative difference among substance.

Background: Autologous or allogenic platelet gel is a blood component that exploits the effects of the cytokines contained in platelet α granules to stimulate repair processes. The properties of platelet gel were first tested on chronic ulcers to accelerate healing and later in orthopaedic, dental, vascular and cardiothoracic surgery. In our centre, we have been using platelet gel for 5 years, first for surgical patients with difficult wounds, then for orthopaedic patients undergoing osteosynthesis surgery and patients with ulcers not responding to traditional therapies. Subsequently we decided to extend the use of platelet gel also to amputations or traumatic loss of tissue of fingers., Materials and Methods: In this article we present the results obtained over 5 years concerning 115 patients with finger amputations or wounds treated with platelet gel in our Service of Transfusion Medicine. Platelets were obtained fom allogeneic buffy coats (10 mL) and the gel was produced by adding thrombin to concentrated platelets. The decision to use homologous platelet gel was based on its limited cost, ease of preparation, almost unlimited availability, the fact that the number of platelets that can be collected is much higher than the therapeutic range and so able to replace the losses due to secondary medication, and last, but not least, it causes no discomfort to patients. The safety of the product was ensured by virology tests including molecular biology studies., Results: The recovery of soft tissue in all patients ranged from 80 to 100%; the median time for this recovery was 3 weeks (range, 10 days - 6 weeks). Approximately 60% of the patients complained of local hypoaesthesia for some weeks; 30% of the patients developed hyperaesthesia, which resolved completely within 6-8 weeks from starting treatment. Loss of bone tissue represented an obstacle to total tissue recovery, but the aesthetic results were satisfactory in nearly all cases., Conclusion: All patients showed good compliance, both because of the low frequency of medications (at most, twice a week) and because of the painless platelet gel applications. The only negative aspect was abnormal nail growth in a case of distal partial amputation of a finger. In conclusion, we believe that platelet gel can be very useful in patients with traumatic or surgical loss of finger tissue, since it can resolve critical situations thus avoiding amputation of residual tissue and compromised joint function.

Background: The healing potential of platelet growth factors has generated interest in using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in ridge preservation procedures. A canine study was performed to determine if extraction sites treated with platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) exhibit enhanced healing compared to sites treated with non-viable materials., Methods: Four dog's extraction sockets were treated individually with PRFM, PRFM and membrane, Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) and membrane, PRFM and DFDBA, and untreated control. Treatment sequencing permitted clinical and histologic evaluation of healing at 10 days, 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks., Results: Healing was more rapid in the PRFM and PRFM and membrane sites. By 3 weeks those sockets had osseous fill. Sites containing DFDBA had little new bone at 6 weeks. By 12 weeks those sockets had osseous fill but DFDBA particles were still noted in coronal areas., Conclusions: PRFM alone may be the best graft for ridge preservation procedures., Advantages: faster healing, and elimination of disadvantages involved in using barrier membranes.