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Under cultivation conditions that favor the growth of plant shoots, the adoption of management practices that reduce the size of potato plants can be an alternative for increasing tuber yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol on vegetative growth and dry matter partitioning in the potato plant cv. Markies, cultivated under summer conditions in the state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg L-1 of paclobutrazol (PBZ), applied to sprouted seeds before planting and control with water. PBZ was efficient in reducing plant height. The PBZ treatments with doses of 10 and 100 mg L-1 delayed the emergence of shoots and the beginning of plant tuberization. PBZ at 0.1 mg L-1 reduced the lengh of the stem by 18% but did not differ from the control for the fresh and dry mass content, total production, specific gravity and starch content of tubers. The treatment with seed potatoes and PBZ at 0.1 mg L-1 resulted in smaller, more compact plants, which could be suitable for more densely planted cultivations in order to maximize plant populations and increase economic return per unit of area. RESUMEN En condiciones de cultivo que favorezca el crecimiento de la parte aérea de la planta, la adopción de prácticas de manejo que reduzca el tamaño de las plantas puede ser una alternativa para aumentar el rendimiento de los tubérculos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del paclobutrazol sobre el crecimiento vegetativo y la partición de la materia seca de la planta de papa cv. Markies cultivado en verano en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los tratamientos fueron 0,1; 1,0; 10 y 100 mg L-1 de paclobutrazol (PBZ) aplicado a las semillas germinadas antes de plantar y um control tratado con agua. PBZ fue eficiente em la reducción de la altura de la planta. Los tratamientos con dosis de 10 y 100 mg L-1 de PBZ retrasaron la aparición de la parte aérea y el comienzo de la tuberización de la planta. PBZ a 0,1 mg L-1 redujo la longitud del tallo en un 18%, pero no difirió con el control en relación al contenido de masa fresca y seca, la producción total, la gravedad específica y el contenido de almidón de los tubérculos. El tratamiento de tubérculos de papa con PBZ a 0,1 mg L-1 presentan plantas más pequeñas y compactas, que podrían ser adecuadas para una plantación más densa para maximizar la población de plantas y aumentar el rendimiento económico por unidad de área.

High incidence of sprouts and loss of quality of sweet potato is one of the negative aspects that compromises the commercialization most, and the methods of sprout control are still very limited. The appearance of sprouts promotes the wilting of sweet potato roots, reducing their commercialization period. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate sprout control and physiological and biochemical changes, in addition to the impact on the quality of postharvest chips in sweet potato roots cultivar BRS Cuia treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and nonanoic acid (NA). Roots were fogged with 10 μmol·L–1 MeJa or 5 μmol·L–1 NA applied at first sprout initiation and control. Physiological and biochemical alterations such as fresh weight loss assessment, sprouting incidence and sprout length, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, enzymatic peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, chips quality after frying were then assessed. Besides that, to determine the influence of treatments and storage periods, multivariate analysis was also performed using the main components. The MeJa reduced the incidence of sprouting and maintained the root quality during storage at room temperature. Notably, such events led to an increased both shelf life and potential of commercialization. Moreover, MeJa-treated chips displayed lighter color appearance after frying than control and NA-treated roots. Roots fogged with NA did not suppress the growth of sprouts, which consequently triggered a higher browning intensity in fried sweet potato chips.

Defining seedling production protocols for ornamental species through the use of plant regulators requires economic analysis that demonstrates the real financial returns of such activity to horticulturists. The objective was to evaluate the influence of using indole butyric acid regulator (IBA) on rooting of Euphorbia phosphorea (Mart) and Euphorbia enterophora (Drake) cuttings, as well as to analyze the economic viability of seedling production with the use of IBA. The cuttings were 10 cm long, and treated with IBA at concentrations of 0; 1,000; 3,000; and 5,000 mg L-1. The cuttings were place in vermiculite substrate and were irrigated daily inside a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 replications, containing 5 cuttings per experimental unit. Evaluations were performed 150 days after establishing the experiments. The Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Return Rate (IRR) were analyzed to determine the economic viability analysis of using IBA. For E. phosphorea there was no significant difference between treatments for cuttings survival, number of roots and length of roots. Callus formation was not observed at the base of the cuttings, and the highest survival percentage was observed in T3 (3,000 mg L-1) and T4 (5,000 mg L-1) treatments. Treatment T1 (control) presented a lower number of roots per cutting (12.8) and higher average length of the three largest roots (12.56 cm). The use of the IBA regulator increased the percentage of rooted cuttings and the number of roots per cutting, and the concentration of 3,000 mg L-1 was recommended for E. phosphorea. Regarding aspects of economic viability, using IBA at the commercial nursery level is recommended. For E. enterophora, IBA is not recommended because it is an easily rooted species (95%), therefore, denotes the economic unfeasibility of its use.

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2021-10-22T14:59:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_lorenzo_ghisleni_arenhardt.pdf: 3985009 bytes, checksum: ef0db59e02f5634ef5b95b4e6b296648 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2021-10-26T13:33:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_lorenzo_ghisleni_arenhardt.pdf: 3985009 bytes, checksum: ef0db59e02f5634ef5b95b4e6b296648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-26T13:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_lorenzo_ghisleni_arenhardt.pdf: 3985009 bytes, checksum: ef0db59e02f5634ef5b95b4e6b296648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-03-26 Sem bolsa A semeadura precoce de lavouras de arroz pode acarretar em desuniformidade na emergência das plântulas devido a baixas temperaturas do solo, a germinação uniforme das sementes é fundamental para o adequado estabelecimento da cultura e sucessivamente melhores eficiências no manejo da lavoura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica de sementes de arroz irrigado submetidas a diferentes concentrações de ácido giberélico (GA3) aplicado juntamente com fungicida e inseticida no tratamento de sementes, e o desempenho destas sementes com e sem armazenamento após realizado o tratamento. O experimento realizado em laboratório foi em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial simples (5x3), cinco doses de ácido giberélico (GA3): 0, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 mg do produto comercial ProGibb 40%, e três condições de tratamento de sementes: i) sementes tratadas somente com ácido giberélico; ii) sementes tratadas com ácido giberélico com a adição de fungicida e inseticida; iii) sementes tratadas com ácido giberélico com a adição de fungicida e inseticida e armazenadas por um período de 30 dias. A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, comprimento de plântulas e massa seca de plântulas O experimento a campo foi conduzido sob delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) com quatro repetições, em fatorial simples (5x2), sendo as mesmas doses de ácido giberélico (GA3) e duas condições de manejo das sementes, sendo: i) sementes tratadas (ácido giberélico e fungicida e inseticida) e após 24 horas semeadas nos vasos; e, ii) sementes tratadas (ácido giberélico e fungicida + inseticida) e armazenadas por 30 dias em temperatura ambiente. As plantas foram avaliadas em quatro datas quanto ao comprimento, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, e análises de crescimento: i) taxa de crescimento da cultura – TCC (mg.pl-1dia-1); ii) taxa de crescimento relativo – TCR (mg. g-1dia-1); e iii) taxa de assimilação líquida – TAL (mg.cm2 dia-1). A associação do regulador vegetal ácido giberélico (GA3) é compatível com fungicida e inseticida. É vantajoso o tratamento de sementes com esses produtos 30 dias antecedendo a semeadura do arroz, pois dessa forma as sementes já podem sair das empresas produtoras de sementes com esse combo de produtos junto ao tratamento industrial de sementes (GA3 + fungicida + inseticida), evitando assim os riscos do tratamento “on farm” pelos produtores rurais. The early sowing of rice crops can lead to irregular seedling emergence due to low soil temperatures, uniform seed germination is essential for proper crop establishment and successively better efficiencies in crop management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the physiological response of irrigated rice seeds submitted to different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) applied along with fungicide and insecticide in seed treatment, and the performance of these seeds with and without storage after treatment. The experiment conducted in the laboratory was completely randomized design (CRD) with four repetitions, in a simple factorial scheme (5x3), five doses of gibberellic acid (GA3): 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg of the commercial product ProGibb 40%, and three conditions of seed treatment: (i) seeds treated with gibberellic acid only; (ii) seeds treated with gibberellic acid with the addition of fungicide and insecticide; (iii) seeds treated with gibberellic acid with the addition of fungicide and insecticide and stored for a period of 30 days. The physiological quality was evaluated by germination tests, first germination count, seedling length and seedling dry weight. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four repetitions, in a simple factorial (5x2), with the same doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) and two seed handling conditions: i) treated seeds (gibberellic acid and fungicide and insecticide) and after 24 hours sown in pots; and ii) treated seeds (gibberellic acid and fungicide + insecticide) and stored for 30 days at room temperature. The plants were evaluated on four dates for length, leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part, and growth analysis: i) crop growth rate - CGR (mg.pl-1 day-1); ii) relative growth rate - RGR (mg. g-1 day-1); and iii) net assimilation rate - NET (mg.cm2 day-1). The association of the plant regulator gibberellic acid (GA3) is compatible with fungicide and insecticide. It is advantageous to treat seeds with these products 30 days before rice sowing, because in this way the seeds can already leave the seed producing companies with this combination of products along with industrial seed treating (GA3 + fungicide + insecticide), thus avoiding the risks of "on farm" treatment by farmers.

The consumer's constant search for novelties in the area of ornamental plants has inspired the use of species that are normally used for other purposes, such as fruit-bearing plants, to be introduced into floriculture. The physalis, a fruit-bearing plant, with a beautiful accrescent fruiting calyx that envelops the berry, can be used for these purposes. However, this plant can reach 70 cm high, which makes it unviable to be used as an indoor plant. The objective of this research was to decrease the size of the physalis (Physalis angulata) for ornamental use, pot it and apply the plant growth regulator Paclobutrazol (PBZ). The PBZ growth regulator was applied only once, via foliar spray at the concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mg a.i L- 1, as well as via irrigation in the substrate at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 mg a.i L- 1. Along with the quantitative variables, a plant acceptability test was carried out when it was considered ideal for commercialization. The obtained results clearly show that it is possible to reduce the size of the physalis for use as a potted plant by using PBZ with foliar applications at the concentration of 90 mg a.i L-1 or by using irrigation applications directly in the substrate at a concentration of 5 mg a.i L-1. RESUMO A constante busca dos consumidores de plantas ornamentais por novidades estimula que espécies utilizadas para outros fins, como as plantas frutíferas, possam ser introduzidas na floricultura. O fisális, uma planta frutífera, cujos frutos são envolvidos por um belo cálice em forma de balão, pode ser utilizado para este fim. Entretanto, essa planta pode chegar a 70 cm de altura, o que inviabiliza o seu cultivo em vasos como planta de interior. Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa diminuir o porte de plantas de fisális (Physalis angulata) para uso ornamental envasado com a aplicação do regulador vegetal Paclobutrazol (PBZ). Para isso utilizou-se o regulador vegetal PBZ, uma única vez, via pulverização foliar nas concentrações de 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mg i.a L-1, e via irrigação do substrato nas concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 e 60 mg i.a L-1. Adicionalmente as variáveis quantitativas, foi aplicado um teste de aceitabilidade das plantas no momento em que se considerava ideal para comercialização. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que é possível a redução do porte de fisális para uso como planta envasada utilizando PBZ com aplicação foliar na concentração de 90 mg i.a L-1 ou com aplicação via irrigação do substrato na concentração de 5 mg i.a L-1.

Submitted by Gabriel Henrique Germino (gabegermino@hotmail.com) on 2018-12-27T11:55:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel_Germino dissertacao.pdf: 1794307 bytes, checksum: 3dcf992950e5ddb7701ecee6ddd61635 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2019-01-17T13:06:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 germino_ gh_me_botfca.pdf: 1794307 bytes, checksum: 3dcf992950e5ddb7701ecee6ddd61635 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-17T13:06:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 germino_ gh_me_botfca.pdf: 1794307 bytes, checksum: 3dcf992950e5ddb7701ecee6ddd61635 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) RESUMO Com a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade da matéria-prima da cana-de-açúcar é recomendado o uso de produtos químicos como maturadores, os quais podem acelerar o processo de maturação e inibir o florescimento. Com a busca de uma agricultura mais sustentável, ocorreu uma mudança na prática da colheita, passando de colheita com queima prévia da cana-de-açúcar para colheita sem queima. Devido a essa mudança, houve aumento nas quantidades de palha e de ponteiro da canade-açúcar deixadas na superfície do solo, as quais podem trazer benefícios para o ecossistema, destacando-se a reciclagem dos nutrientes. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a aplicação de diferentes produtos químicos como maturadores e seus efeitos na composição nutricional em diferentes porções da parte aérea remanescentes da colheita. A variedade utilizada foi a RB966928, e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de testemunha, dose de 0,5 L ha-1 de glifosato, 0,02 kg ha-1 de sulfometurom-metílico e 0,80 L ha-1 de trinexapaque-etílico. As amostras foram separadas em folha +1, copa foliar e ponteiro, sendo realizada a análise química para se determinar os teores dos nutrientes. As variáveis nutricionais foram avaliadas em função do tempo, aos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos até a colheita. Tanto para os macro quanto para os micronutrientes o trinexapaque-etílico manteve o teor da maioria dos nutrientes próximo ou até mesmo superior ao da testemunha. No geral, o melhor desempenho foi do trinexapaqueetílico, seguido pelo sulfometurom-metílico e o glifosato, nas análises da folha +1. Em relação à copa foliar e ao ponteiro, os tratamentos com maturadores alteraram a composição nutricional nos componentes avaliados, no qual foi possível observar valores significativamente maiores na copa foliar do que no ponteiro. O uso de trinexapaque-etílico como maturador, e em alguns casos o glifosato, pode manter os teores de macronutrientes na parte aérea remanescente da colheita. Entretanto, o sulfometurom-metílico reduziu os teores da maioria dos macronutrintes. Para os micronutrientes, o maturador que mais contribuiu para a manutenção dos teores nutricionais nos componentes avaliados foi o sulfometurom-metílico, seguido do trinexapaque-etílico e glifosato. ABSTRACT In order to improve the quality of the raw material of sugarcane, it is recommended to use chemical products as ripeners, which can accelerate the ripeness process and inhibit flowering. With the search for a more sustainable agriculture, a change occurred in the practice of the harvest, passing from harvest with previous burning of the sugarcane to harvest without burning. Due to this change, there was an increase in the amount of sugarcane straw and pointer left on the soil surface, which can bring benefits to the ecosystem, with emphasis on recycling of nutrients. The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of different chemical products as ripeners and their effects on nutritional composition in different portions of the remaining shoots of the harvest. The variety used was RB966928, and the experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. The treatments consisted of control, dose of 0.5 L ha-1 glyphosate, 0.02 kg ha-1 of sulfometuron-methyl and 0.80 L ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl. The samples were separated in leaf +1, leaf canopy and pointer, being carried out the chemical analysis to determine the contents of the nutrients. The nutritional variables were evaluated as a function of time after application of the treatments until harvest at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. For both macro and micronutrients, trinexapac-ethyl kept the content of most nutrients close or even higher than the control. In general, the best performance was trinexapac-ethyl, followed by sulfometuron-methyl and glyphosate, in the analyzes of leaf +1. In relation to leaf canopy and pointer, treatments with ripeners altered the nutritional composition in the evaluated components, in which it is possible to observe values significantly higher in the leaf canopy than in the pointer. The use of trinexapac-ethyl is indicated for the maintenance of macronutrient contents, and in some cases glyphosate can be used. However, sulfometuron-methyl reduced the contents of most of the macronutrients in both evaluated parts. For the micronutrients, the nutrient content of the components evaluated was the sulfometuron-methyl, followed by trinexapac-ethyl and glyphosate.

EnglishThe commercial propagation of rose bushes is carried out asexually by the cutting method. The genetic material and the substrate are factors that interfere in the rhizogenic process of the cuttings. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substrate on the rooting of cuttings of two hybrid rose bushes. Floriferous branches of matrix plants were cut at the apex and at the base, approximately 8cm long and with two buds, and the basal leaf was removed. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (two cultivars, Tineke and Natal Briar × three substrates, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and TN Gold®) containing four replicates of 15 cuttings per replicate. The base of the cuttings was immersed for five seconds in IBA 2000mg L-1 solution (indole butyric acid). The cuttings were placed in trays with 24 cells previously filled with substrate and deposited on the floor in a transparent plastic tunnel, built inside a stove. After the 50-day experiment, rootstocks (%), sprouts (%) and dead (%), root length (cm), fresh and dry shoot biomass and roots (g) were evaluated. The rooting percentage of the Natal Briar cultivar was 75%, thus superior to the Tineke cultivar, which had a rooting percentage of 39%. The best substrates for the Tineke and Natal Briar rose cuttings are CAC and coconut fiber, which provided rooting percentages of 81% and 67% of the cuttings, respectively. Key words: Rose sp.; asexual propagation; cutting; plant regulator. portuguesA propagacao comercial de roseiras e realizada assexuadamente, pelo metodo de estaquia. O material genetico e o substrato sao fatores que interferem no processo rizogenico das estacas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito do substrato sobre o enraizamento de estacas de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar. Foram utilizados ramos floriferos de plantas matrizes cortadas em bisel no apice e na base, com aproximadamente 8cm e duas gemas, sendo retirada a folha basal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um fatorial 2 x 3 (duas cultivares, Tineke e Natal Briar x tres substratos, casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco e TN Gold ® ), contendo quatro repeticoes de 15 estacas por repeticao. A base das estacas foi imersa por cinco segundos em solucao de 2000mg L-1 de IBA (acido indol butirico). As estacas foram colocadas em bandejas com 24 celulas previamente preenchidas com substrato e depositadas no chao em tunel plastico transparente, construido dentro da estufa. Apos 50 dias de experimentacao avaliaram-se as estacas enraizadas (%), brotadas (%) e mortas (%), comprimento das raizes (cm), biomassa fresca e seca da parte aerea e raizes (g). A porcentagem de enraizamento da cultivar Natal Briar foi de 75%, superior a cultivar Tineke, que obteve 39% de estacas enraizadas. Melhores substratos para a estaquia de roseiras Tineke e Natal Briar sao a CAC e fibra de coco que proporcionaram o enraizamento de 81 e 67% das estacas respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Rosa sp.; propagacao assexuada; estaquia; regulador vegetal.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:40:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1983-40632015000300008.pdf: 226382 bytes, checksum: d71cdca8bd05b0950ebff6c9cc327381 (MD5) A utilização de reguladores vegetais em arroz pode proporcionar redução na altura de plantas e diminuir o acamamento. Objetivou-se verificar a influência da aplicação do regulador vegetal thidiazuron na cultura do arroz de terras altas, em região de Cerrado brasileiro. Utilizaram-se as cultivares BRS Esmeralda e IAC 202, bem como delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 para cada cultivar, constituído de doses de thidiazuron (0 g ha-1; 0,3 g ha-1; 0,6 g ha-1; e 0,9 g ha-1) e três épocas de aplicação (perfilhamento, diferenciação floral e emborrachamento), com quatro repetições. O número de espiguetas por panícula e fertilidade das espiguetas da cultivar BRS Esmeralda foram maiores utilizando-se a dose de 0,9 g ha-1 de thidiazuron, com aplicação na fase de perfilhamento. A massa de 100 grãos da BRS Esmeralda se ajustou a uma equação quadrática, enquanto, para a IAC 202, houve ajuste a uma equação linear, com melhor época de aplicação durante o perfilhamento. Para massa hectolítrica da BRS Esmeralda, os resultados também se ajustaram a uma equação quadrática, enquanto, para a IAC 202, houve diferença significativa apenas entre as épocas, sendo o emborrachamento a melhor época de aplicação. As produtividades de grãos da BRS Esmeralda e IAC 202 apresentaram ajuste linear positivo, com ganhos de 23,5 % e 6,5 %, respectivamente, em relação à testemunha. O thidiazuron influencia positivamente na produtividade da cultura do arroz de terras altas. The use of plant growth regulators in rice can provide reductions in plant height and decrease plant lodging. This study aimed at verifying the influence of the thidiazuron plant regulator on upland rice in the Brazilian Savannah region. The BRS Esmeralda and IAC 202 cultivars were used, as well as a randomized blocks design, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement for each cultivar, consisting of thidiazuron doses (0 g ha-1, 0.3 g ha-1, 0.6 g ha-1 and 0.9 g ha-1) and three application times (tillering, floral differentiation and booting), with four replications. The number of spikelets per panicle and spikelet fertility of the BRS Esmeralda cultivar were higher when using the thidiazuron dose of 0.9 g ha-1 in the tillering stage. The weight of 100 grains of the BRS Esmeralda cultivar fitted a quadratic equation, while the IAC 202 fitted a linear equation, with the best time of application taking place during the tillering stage. For hectoliter weight, the results for the BRS Esmeralda also fitted a quadratic equation, while for the IAC 202 a significant difference was observed only among times, being the booting stage the best application time. Grain yield fitted a positive linear equation for both the BRS Esmeralda and IAC 202 cultivars, with gains of 23.5 % and 6.5 %, respectively, when compared to the control. Thidiazuron positively influences grain yield for upland rice. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira

In vitro seeding constitutes an indispensable tool for propagation of the main commercial species of orchids. This study aimed to analyze the in vitro development of Catasetum fimbriatum under different concentrations of jasmonic acid in Murashige & Skoog culture medium compound of ½ macronutrients. After 180 days of cultivation, concentration of 0.25 and 0.50 μL • L-1 caused a significant increase in number of roots and leaves. The concentration of 1.00 μL • L-1 showed the best result for the length of longest root and largest leaf, the total length of seedling, and the total fresh and dry masses. Nevertheless, the use of this plant regulator on in vitro culture media still requires further investigations to determine the optimal concentration in order to obtain desirable phytotechnical characteristics in different orchid species.

Melatonin je indolska spojina, katere prekurzor za sintezo je aminokislina triptofana. Prisoten je v vseh kraljestvih živih organizmov, njegovo vlogo v rastlinah pa so začeli odkrivati šele po letu 1993. V različnih rastlinskih vrstah so opazili cirkadiani ritem nivoja melatonina. Ena izmed vlog, ki mu je bila pripisana, je funkcija antioksidanta. V različnih stresnih situacijah kot so sušni stres, ekstremne temperature, UV sevanje, slanost tal, prisotnost kemijskih onesnažil, melatonin sodeluje pri znižanju nivoja reaktivnih kisikovih in dušikovih zvrsti, izboljša redoks stanje celice ter stabilizira biološke membrane. Kot rastni regulator ureja rast korenin, poganjkov, aktivira rizogenezo in inhibira senescenco listov. Pri vseh teh procesih pa je pomembna njegova količina, saj je učinek pri mikromolarnih koncentracijah lahko ravno nasproten kot pri večjih koncentracijah. Izkazalo se je, da poveča učinkovitost fotosinteze, tako da učinkuje na fotosistem II ter omogoča listom, da v stresnih situacijah ohranijo visoko kapaciteto za fotosintezno vgradnjo CO2. Njegova biostimulatorna vloga je pomembna tudi za kmetijstvo. Melatonin is an indolamine present in animals and other organisms. It was not until 1993 that this compound was detected in plants. It is an indolic compound derived from the amino acid tryptophan. The existence of endogenous circadian rhythms in melatonin levels has been demonstrated and the data suggest a central role of this molecule in the day/night cycles in plants. One of the most studied actions is its effect on biotic and abiotic stresses in the plant, such as drought, extreme temperature, chemical pollution, UV radiation. It acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), improves the redox status of the cell and stabilizes biological membranes. Melatonin as plant regulator regulates the growth of the roots, shoots, activates the rhizogenesis and inhibits the senescence of the leaves. In all these processes, its quantity is important. The effect in micromolar concentrations can be exactly opposite to higher concentrations. It has been shown that melatonin increases the efficiency of photosynthesis by affecting photosystem II and allowing leaves to mantain a high capacity for CO2 in stress situations. Its biostimulatory role is also important for agriculture.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T18:46:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:51:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1991-637X-2014-09-33-2540-2545.pdf: 85106 bytes, checksum: dc737bef7fb37651b4889165f8dbf9f6 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Stoller do Brasil Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the leading crops for human nutrition in Europe and in most temperate regions worldwide. This crop is demanding in nutrients, among them nitrogen (N) is absorbed in higher amounts and its efficiency of utilization can be increased with a plant biostimulant use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different N levels and ways of biostimulant application on genotypes growth of wheat, tall and semi dwarf. The experiment was carried out, in 2010, at greenhouse located in Rothamsted Research Institute, Harpenden – United Kingdom. The design was in randomized blocks, with four replications. The experiment was a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement consisting by three ways of application using a commercial biostimulant and two N levels provided by nutritive solution and two spring wheat genotypes (Green – tall and Red – semi dwarf). Isolated effect of biostimulant use was not observed on fresh matter and dry matter of aboveground part and root; however, N levels affected same variables, except root dry matter. A significant interaction between biostimulant and N was observed on dry matter of aboveground part. No significant results were found for length, surface, diameter and volume of root after biostimulant application and different N levels in Green and Red genotypes. Seed treatment and leaf spray with biostimulant did not promoted effects on N and C content in aboveground part and root for tall or dwarf wheat; on the other hand, significant differences were observed when N was applied through nutritive solution. Biostimulant application did not promoted increase on growth, N and C content of aboveground part, metabolites production and components of wheat production. Use of N promoted increase on fresh and dry matter of wheat, except dry matter of root, moreover, additions were observed in its content in aboveground part of wheat. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18610307, SP, Brasil National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomic, Crop Performance and Improvement Division, Rothamsted Research Institute, Harpenden, United Kingdom Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, Botucatu, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, CEP 18610307, SP, Brasil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of Trinexapaque-ethyl (TrixE) and benzyladenine (BA) on the fertility of buds and the quality of bunches of „Thompson Seedless‟ grapes grafted onto „Ramsey‟ rootstock, in the Vale São do Francisco. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 16 treatments (doses and number of applications of the plant regulators TrixE and BA), with four replications, each composed of three plants, with one plant per plot. The variables analyzed were: overall potential bud fertility, potential of the basal, median and apical branches of the plant; fertility of potential buds from the basal region of the basal and median branches; fertility of overall real buds, and of the median and apical branches; diameter of the basal, median and apical branches; Falker chlorophyll index a, b and total; sprouting buds, number of clusters per branch, clusters per plant, branches per plant; berry diameter, length, volume; fresh material mass; soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (AT) and SS/AT relationship; diameter, length, mass of fresh material from the clusters; shatter, fresh material mass of the rachis and rachis diameter . It was shown that the TrixE applied in isolation , one, two or three times in doses of 20 mg L -1, or associated with BA in a single application of 120 or 240 mg L-1, increased the rate of real fertility, but did notaffect the length of the clusters or the vegetative vigor of the plants. RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do Trinexapaque-etílico (TrixE) e benziladenina (BA) na fertilidade de gemas e na qualidade de cachos da „Thompson Seedless‟ enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto ‘Hamsey‟, no Vale São do Francisco. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 16 tratamentos (doses e número de aplicações dos reguladores vegetais TrixE e BA), com quatro repetições, constituídas por três plantas, com uma planta útil por parcela. As variáveis analisadas foram: fertilidade de gemas potencial geral, potencial dos ramos basais, medianos e apicais da planta; fertilidade de gemas potencial da região basal dos ramos basais e medianos; fertilidade de gemas real geral, e dos ramos medianos e apicais; diâmetro dos ramos basais, medianos e apicais; índice de clorofila Falker a, b e total; brotação de gemas, número de cachos por ramo e por planta e de ramos por planta; diâmetro, comprimento e massa da matéria fresca e volume de bagas; e teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT; diâmetro, comprimento, massa da matéria fresca dos cachos; degrana, massa da matéria fresca do engaço e diâmetro do engaço. Verificou-se que o TrixE aplicado isoladamente, em uma, duas ou três vezes nas dosagens de 20 mg L-1, ou associado à BA em aplicação única de 120 ou 240 mg L-1 aumentou a taxa de fertilidade real, no entanto, sem afetar o comprimento dos cachos ou o vigor vegetativo das plantas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utilização do bioestimulante Stimulate® em plantas de pimentão enxertadas e não enxertadas, em ambiente protegido, no aumento de produção. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2 x 6, referente a plantas enxertadas e pé-franco e seis doses do Stimulate® (0; 75; 100; 125; 150 e 175 mL p.c. 100 L H2O-1), com quatro repetições. Realizaram-se sete aplicações foliares, quinzenais, do bioestimulante a partir do início do florescimento das plantas e avaliou-se o número total de frutos comerciais produzidos, comprimento, calibre, espessura de parede, massa média e produtividade final, totalizando treze colheitas. As plantas enxertadas foram mais produtivas em relação às plantas pé-franco, produzindo frutos de características agronômicas superiores. No geral, 100 e 125-150 mL p.c. 100 L H2O-1 de Stimulate® promovem incremento na produção de pimentão enxertado e pé-franco, respectivamente.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using the Stimulate® biostimulant in grafted and non grafted plants of sweet pepper in a protected environment, to increase production. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 2 x 6, referring to the grafted and non grafted plants and six doses of Stimulate® (0; 75; 100; 125; 150 and 175 mL p.c. 100 L H2O-1), with four replications. Seven foliar applications of the biostimulant were carried out fortnightly, from the beginning of the plants flowering and the total number of marketable fruits, length, diameter, wall thickness, average weight and final yield were evaluated, totalling thirteen harvests. The grafted plants were more productive than the non-grafted ones, producing fruits with better agronomic characteristics. In general, 100 and 125-150 mL p.c. 100 L H2O-1 of Stimulate® promoted an increase in the production of grafted and non-grafted sweet pepper plants, respectively.

Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice used to increase the yield of winter bean crops. However, this practice leads to excessively tall and prostrate plants that have too many leaves, resulting in self-shading, and low yield and grain quality. The use of growth regulators could minimize the undesired effects of nitrogen fertilization. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of paclobutrazol (PBZ) for inhibiting bean growth using the cultivars BRS Pontal and BRS Supremo. The plants were treated with PBZ at different concentrations, and also in combination with ammonium sulfate ten days after fertilization. The height and yield of plants were evaluated. It was observed that PBZ at 8 mg L-1 effectively inhibits the growth of bean plants, and increases the number of pods and grains. Higher concentrations of PBZ proved to be phytotoxic. Additionally, the application of PBZ ten days after fertilization with ammonium sulfate did not suppress the overgrowth of bean plants, and did not affect their yield. RESUMO: Em culturas de feijoeiro de inverno é comum o uso de doses elevadas de nitrogênio na busca de altas produtividades, resultando em plantas com altura excessiva, prostradas, com excesso de folhas, provocando autossombreamento e queda na produtividade e na qualidade dos grãos. A utilização de um regulador de crescimento poderia ser uma alternativa inibindo o crescimento excessivo das plantas contornando o problema. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a melhor concentração do regulador paclobutrazol (PBZ) para o feijoeiro, cultivares BRS Pontal e BRS Supremo, e avaliar os seus efeitos, quando combinado com a adubação nitrogenada, na altura das plantas, e nos componentes da produtividade, assim como o seu efeito na inibição do crescimento excessivo das plantas aplicado dez dias após a aplicação de sulfato de amônio. Observou-se que o PBZ é um regulador de crescimento efetivo na redução da altura de feijoeiros e aumento no número de vagens e grãos. A concentração de 8 mg L-1 é a que melhor resultado apresenta para estes efeitos, sendo fitotóxicas concentrações mais elevadas. A aplicação de PBZ posteriormente a adubação nitrogenada de cobertura não reverte o efeito desta quanto à indução do crescimento exagerado das plantas e não interfere na produtividade.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento das gramas Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica) e São Carlos (Axonopus compressus) submetidas a subdoses de herbicidas e reguladores de crescimento em duas condições de luminosidade, três experimentos foram conduzidos em estufa plástica em Paraguaçu Paulista-SP, de setembro a dezembro de 2006. Para cada espécie de grama, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com quatro repetições; foram estudados dois reguladores de crescimento (trinexapac-ethyl e ethephon) e três herbicidas aplicados em subdoses (clethodim, imazethapyr e metsulfuron-methyl) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Todos os tratamentos foram avaliados em duas condições de luminosidade, representadas por ausência de sombreamento (0%) e sombreamento parcial (50%). Os resultados obtidos aos 63 dias após aplicação evidenciaram que o trinexapac-ethyl (250 g ha¹), clethodim (12 g ha-1) e imazethapyr (12 g ha-1) apresentaram-se como os melhores retardadores do desenvolvimento vegetativo das gramas C. dactylon (65,8, 29,6 e 18,7%), Z. japonica (66,2, 40,7 e 49,7%) e A. compressus (56,5, 10,3 e 17,2%) e da emissão de inflorescências de C. dactylon (100,0, 95,9 e 89,6%), em baixa e alta luminosidade. Os tratamentos ethephon (300 g ha-1) e metsulfuron-methyl (3,6 g ha-1) destacaram-se como as melhores opções para redução do desenvolvimento vegetativo (15,5 e 26,7%) e da matéria seca das raízes (34,7 e 33,9%) da grama São Carlos (A. compressus), quando comparados ao trinexapac-ethyl. Para gramados de C. dactylon e Z. japonica, em condições em que a preservação da estética é fundamental, os herbicidas clethodim e imazethapyr podem substituir o regulador de crescimento trinexapac-ethyl, em razão do menor dano visual no gramado. Novos estudos com reguladores de crescimentos e subdoses de herbicidas devem ser conduzidos com outras gramas cultivadas, de forma a viabilizar recomendações eficientes e seguras, com embasamento em informações científicas geradas em condições brasileiras. In order to evaluate the development of the grass species Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), Emerald (Zoysia japonica) and Broadleaf Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) submitted to herbicide sub doses and growth regulators under two light conditions, three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Paraguaçu Paulista from September to December, 2006. For each grass species, the experimental design used was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 6 x 2, with four replications, using two growth regulators (trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon), three herbicides applied in sub doses (clethodim, imazethapyr and metsulfuron-methyl), and a check without application. All treatments were evaluated under two light conditions, represented by plastic greenhouse (total light) and plastic greenhouse + shading 50% (partial light).The results obtained at 63 days after application showed that trinexapac-ethyl (250 g ha-1), clethodim (12 g ha-1) and imazethapyr (12 g ha-1) were the best growth regulators for the vegetative development of C. dactylon (65.8, 29.6 and 18.7%), Z. japonica (66.2, 40.7 and 49.7%) and A. compressus (56.5, 10.3 and 17.2%) grasses and for inflorescence emission of C. dactylon (100.0, 95.9 and 89.6%), under high and low luminosity. Ethephon (300 g ha 1) and metsulfuron-methyl (3.6 g ha-1) treatments were found to be the best options for reducing vegetative development (15.5 and 26.7%) and root dry matter (34.7 and 33.9%) of São Carlos grass (A. compressus), compared to trinexapac-ethyl. For C. dactylon and Z. japonica turf grass, under conditions where aesthetics preservation is fundamental, clethodim and imazethapyr may substitute trinexapac-ethyl growth regulator on account of the smaller visual damage in the grass. Further studies with growth regulators and herbicide sub doses must be conducted with other cultivated grasses to enable efficient and safe recommendations, based on scientific information generated from Brazilian conditions.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido giberélico, thidiazuron e quinmerac na anatomia das bagas de uvas cultivar 'Niagara Rosada', provenientes de vinhedo localizado em Dourados - MS. Realizaram-se três experimentos. No primeiro ensaio, utilizaram-se soluções aquosas de ácido giberélico (AG3) 0; 15; 30; 45; 60; 75 e 90 mg.l-1, aplicadas no florescimento e repetidas aos 14 dias após (E1E2) e, no outro tratamento, o mesmo composto e doses aplicados uma única vez aos 14 dias após o florescimento (E2); no segundo experimento, thidiazuron (TDZ) 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30 mg.l-1, aplicados quatro dias antes da antese e repetidos aos seis dias após o florescimento (E1E2); e no outro tratamento, o mesmo composto e doses aplicados uma única vez aos seis dias após o florescimento (E2); e, no terceiro, quinmerac 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 e 60 mg.l-1, aplicados no florescimento e repetidos aos 14 dias após (E1E2), e, no outro tratamento, o mesmo composto e doses aplicados uma única vez, 14 dias após o florescimento (E2). As variáveis avaliadas foram: número e dimensões das células das bagas. Pelos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que duas aplicações de ácido giberélico, thidiazuron e quinmerac promoveram a divisão celular, enquanto a expansão celular foi observada com uma única aplicação de thidiazuron e quinmerac. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the gibberellic acid, thidiazuron and quinmerac on grape berries anatomy of grapevine 'Niagara Rosada', in a vineyard located in Dourados - MS. Three trials were carried out. In the first trial, it was used gibberellic acid (AG3) 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 mg.l-1, applied in the bloom and repeated 14 days later (E1E2) and in the other treatment, the same compound and doses applied only once, 14 days after the bloom (E2); in the second experiment, thidiazuron (TDZ) 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg.l-1, applied four days before antesis and repeated six days after the bloom (E1E2); and in the other treatment, the same compound and doses applied only once six days after the bloom (E2); and in the third, quinmerac 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg.l-1, applied in the bloom and repeated 14 days after (E1E2) and in the other treatment, the same compound and doses applied only once 14 days later the bloom (E2). The plant regulators were applied through cluster dipping with surfactant Agral®, 1% added to solutions. The variables evaluated were: berries cells number and dimensions. From the obtained results, it was observed that two applications of gibberellic acid, thidiazuron and quinmerac promoted the cellular division, while the cellular expansion was observed with only one application of thidiazuron and quinmerac.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre_Gustavo_Battistus.pdf: 1616847 bytes, checksum: 70a506c626b68378edefb97e8b5fdfe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The maize is a cereal with high economic importance due to its magnitude forms of use. Increasing productivity levels, promoting substances plant development are highlighted role in contemporary agriculture, arising from biological or chemical origin. However, the lack of results regarding the joint use of these promoters leads to the need for information on their simultaneous use. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of joint use of thiamethoxam combined with seed inoculation and foliar spray Azospirillum brasilense on physiological quality of corn seeds and its agronomic performance in two environments in the growing field. Initially, we tested bacterial growth in culture medium containing increasing concentrations of thiamethoxam. It was also evaluated the initial development and physiological quality of seedlings by morphometric measurements, emergency speed index and SPAD index through factorial 2 x 3 with seed inoculation with A. brasilense (100 mL per 25 kg seeds) thiamethoxam and three doses (0, 28 and 42 mg per 60,000 seeds). In the field, factorial 2 x 4 was composed by the presence and absence of chemical seed treatment with bioactivator of thiamethoxam plants (28 mg per 60,000 seeds), while the second factor comprised seeds without inoculation; seed inoculation with A. brasilense (100 mL per 60,000 seeds), foliar spray inoculant base A. brasilense (300 mL ha-1) and associated with the seed inoculated with A. brasilense foliar spray, tested in high ambient and applying average production technology. The treatments were evaluated by morphometric analysis, nutrient content in plant tissues, components production and crop yield. The bacterial population showed a linear decrease with increasing doses of thiamethoxam. The dose of 42 mg of thiamethoxam caused reduction in emergence speed, SPAD index, shoot length and root, root volume, root/shoot and dry matter of shoots, while inoculation showed activity positive physiological quality of seedlings. Thus, combined with inoculation dose of 28 mg thiamethoxam demonstrates synergistic effect in the early development of maize seedlings. In the field, thiamethoxam, as well as seed inoculation + foliar spray promote increase in plant length, stem diameter, leaf and mass accumulation area throughout the plant cycle in both environments. Reduction in moisture content, impurities and discounts of grain mass, as well as increases in leaf phosphorus levels are the result of inoculation, yet without deterioration in corn yields. Thiamethoxam also reduced the moisture of the grain mass. Productivity was increased by the presence of thiamethoxam on average productive technology environment O milho é um cereal de elevada importância econômica devido à sua magnitude de formas de utilização. Incrementando os níveis de produtividade, substâncias promotoras de desenvolvimento vegetal ganham papel de destaque na agricultura contemporânea, advindas de origem biológica ou química. Contudo, a escassez de resultados a respeito da utilização conjunta desses promotores leva à necessidade de informações sobre sua utilização simultânea. Neste contexto, esta obra buscou avaliar os efeitos da utilização conjunta de tiametoxam aliado à inoculação via semente e pulverização foliar de Azospirillum brasilense na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho e seu desempenho agronômico em dois ambientes de investimento em cultivo a campo. Inicialmente, testou-se o crescimento bacteriano em meio de cultura contendo concentrações crescentes de tiametoxam. Avaliou-se também o desenvolvimento inicial e qualidade fisiológica de plântulas por medidas morfométricas, índice de velocidade de emergência e índice SPAD, por meio de arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, com inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense (100 mL por cada 25 kg de sementes) e três doses de tiametoxam (0, 28 e 42 mg por 60.000 sementes). À campo, esquema fatorial 2 x 4 foi composto pela presença e ausência de tratamento químico de sementes com o bioativador de plantas tiametoxam (28 mg por 60.000 sementes), enquanto o segundo fator englobou sementes sem inoculação; inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense (100 mL por 60.000 sementes), pulverização foliar de inoculante a base de A. brasilense (300 mL ha-1) e inoculação de sementes associado à pulverização foliar com A. brasilense, testados em ambientes de alta e média aplicação de tecnologia de produção. Os tratamentos foram avaliados por análises morfométricas, teor de nutrientes nos tecidos vegetais, componentes da produção e produtividade da cultura. A população bacteriana mostrou redução linear de acordo com o aumento das doses de tiametoxam. A dose de 42 mg de tiametoxam causou redução na velocidade de emergência, índice SPAD, comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz, volume de raiz, relação raiz/parte aérea e massa da matéria seca de parte aérea, enquanto que, a inoculação evidenciou atividade positiva na qualidade fisiológica das plântulas. Deste modo, a inoculação combinada com dose de 28 mg de tiametoxam demonstra efeito sinérgico no início do desenvolvimento de plântulas de milho. À campo, o tiametoxam, assim como a inoculação via semente + pulverização foliar, promoveram incrementos no comprimento das plantas, diâmetro de colmo, acúmulo de massa e área foliar ao longo do ciclo vegetal em ambos os ambientes. Redução no teor de umidade, impurezas e descontos da massa de grãos, assim como incrementos nos níveis foliares de fósforo são resultados da inoculação, contudo sem apresentar alterações na produtividade do milho. Tiametoxam também reduziu a umidade da massa de grãos. A produtividade foi incrementada pela presença do tiametoxam em ambiente de média tecnologia produtiva

O ácido 2,3,5-triiodobenzóico (TIBA), um inibidor do transporte de auxina, quando aplicado via foliar, pode reduzir o crescimento vegetativo. Um dos problemas ainda enfrentado pelos produtores de soja é o acamamento da cultura no campo devido a crescimento vegetativo excessivo. Objetivando avaliar os efeitos do TIBA sobre o desenvolvimento e a produção de plantas de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Pintado), realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Ciências Biológicas da ESALQ/USP. Em plantas envasadas, aplicou-se TIBA, via foliar, nas concentrações de 30, 40 e 50mg L-1, no estádio fenológico V5. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a altura das plantas, o número e a massa de vagens e grãos por planta e a massa de 100 sementes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial. Verificou-se redução significativa na altura de plantas de soja tratadas com concentrações crescentes de TIBA, quando comparadas ao controle. O TIBA foi eficaz em reduzir a altura de plantas de soja, sem afetar negativamente parâmetros relacionados à produção.The 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor, when applied on leaves can reduce the vegetative growth. One of the problems faced by soybean producers is the lodging of the plants in the field due to excessive vegetative growth. Trying to evaluate the effects of TIBA over soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Pintado) vegetative growth and yield, an experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Biological Sciences at ESALQ/USP. Using potted-plants, TIBA was sprayed on the leaves of soybean plants at 30, 40 and 50 g L-1, at V5 phenological stage. Plant height, number and mass of pods per plant and 100-grain mass were assessed. The experiment was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Data were submitted to variance analysis and polynomial regression. TIBA was effective in reducing plant height, without affecting parameters related to production.

The aim of this paper was to verify the effect of different doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg.L-1), of fungicides of the groups chemical benzimidazol (0, 25, 50 and 100 g.L-1) and ditiocarbamato (0, 1,25, 2,50 and 5,00 g.L-1) on seed germination. Viability of those seeds was evaluated through germination tests at 0, 15, 30 and 60 days. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse. The experimental design was fully randomized one, with five replicates per treatment. The traits evaluated were emergence and index of emergence speed. The treatment with GA3 didn't provide significant so much differences among the germination rates as well as for the emergence speed. It was verified that the use of the fungicides in smaller concentrations (25 g.L-1 of benzimidazol and 1,25 g.L-1 of ditiocarbamato) promoted a better germination speed. The seeds of G. americana possess viability period relatively short, with germination absence 60 days period of storage, and it could be associated to the humidity tenors presented by the seeds in this period.