168 results on '"piretróides"'
Search Results
2. Estado de la resistencia a insecticidas en Triatoma infestans de Argentina
- Author
-
Gastón Mougabure-Cueto and Patricia A. Lobbia
- Subjects
Triatoma infestans ,Chagas ,resistencia a insecticidas ,piretroides ,Medicine - Abstract
Los insectos triatominos son los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. El control químico de estos insectos es la principal herramienta utilizada para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Los piretroides son los principales insecticidas utilizados para el control de los triatominos en todos los países endémicos. La evolución de resistencia a insecticidas convierte en ineficiente una exitosa estrategia de control químico. En Argentina se han detectado diferentes focos de resistencia en Triatoma infestans, el vector más importante en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica, asociados a deficiencias en el control. Los estudios realizados sobre esta especie muestran que la resistencia es un problema complejo, ya que evolucionó en varias zonas de la distribución geográfica de la especie, se identificaron diferentes mecanismos de resistencia, está asociada a modificaciones en diversos procesos biológicos, está vinculada a variaciones ambientales y hay escasez de alternativas de control. En este manuscrito presentamos una revisión del conocimiento sobre la resistencia a piretroides en T. infestans en Argentina.
- Published
- 2021
3. AVALIAÇÃO COMPARATIVA IN VITRO DA SENSIBILIDADE DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus A ACARICIDAS COMERCIALIZADOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ROLIM DE MOURA, RONDÔNIA, BRASIL.
- Author
-
SILVA, R., SANTOS, M. P. A., and FIGUEIREDO, M. A. P.
- Subjects
- *
TICK control , *EGG incubation , *AGRICULTURAL egg production , *ACARICIDES , *GROUP products (Mathematics) , *TICKS - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sensitivity of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to acaricides sold in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia, Brazil. The 400 R. (B.) microplus female ticks were collected from naturally infested cattle, belonging to two rural properties. The ticks were separated into seven homogeneous groups of 10 individuals each, to analyze the sensitivity profiles to dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5%, cypermethrin 15%, cypermethrin 20%, amitraz 12.5%, deltamethrin 2.5% and fipronil 1% and the control group. The Adult Immersion Test (AIT) and the Larvae Immersion Test (LIT) were adopted. For each group of 10 ticks, the egg production index, reproductive efficiency and product efficiency were determined. At property 1, the product with the fastest action on ticks was fipronil 1%, which killed 70% (7/10) of them in less than three days, and also inhibited the laying of eggs on survivors. While on property 2, the mortality of the ticks only started from the third day with the use of amitraz 12.5%, with 50% (5/10) of death on the twentieth day, however, in the surviving ticks, there was no posture inhibition. In property 1, cypermethrin 20% and amitraz 12.5% inhibited 100% of the eggs hatching and the association of dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5% obtained 98% product efficiency. However, in property 2 there was no hatching inhibition in any test group and the product's efficiency, of 44.49% with amitraz 12.5%, was the highest, not even being efficient, within the current rules. As for LIT, in property 1, dichlorvós 45% + cypermethrin 5% killed 100% of the larvae and in property 2 this result was observed with fipronil 1%. These first results reinforce the need for strategic control of the tick and the constant use of bioassays - laboratory tests for the effectiveness of acaricide, before prescription, especially in the Amazonian environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Mutaciones kdr y su asociación con resistencia a piretroides en dos poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia.
- Author
-
Díaz, Diana, Yesid Maestre, Ronald, Pareja, Paula, Alfonso Pacheco, Lisandro, García, Javier, Calderón, Alfonso, Onalbi Hoyos, Richard, Atencia, María Claudia, Bolaño, Rafael, José Fragoso, Pedro, Ponce, Gustavo, and Flores, Adriana
- Abstract
Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
5. 3C11 - Mutaciones kdr y su asociación con resistencia a piretroides en dos poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia.
- Author
-
Díaz, Diana, Yesid Maestre, Ronald, Pareja, Paula, Alfonso Pacheco, Lisandro, García, Javier, Calderón, Alfonso, Onalbi Hoyos, Richard, Claudia Atencia, María, Bolaño, Rafael, José Fragoso, Pedro, Ponce, Gustavo, and Flores, Adriana
- Abstract
Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
6. Mecanismos de resistencia a piretroides en ácaros depredadores
- Author
-
Benavent Albarracín, Luis, González Cabrera, Joel, and Departament de Genètica
- Subjects
UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA::Genética ::Ingeniería genética ,CRISPR ,UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA::Biología de insectos (Entomología)::Entomología general ,piretroides ,ácaros depredadores ,edición genómica ,UNESCO::QUÍMICA::Bioquímica ::Biología molecular ,resistencia - Abstract
Los piretroides constituyen un grupo de plaguicidas catalogados como moduladores del canal de sodio (Grupo 3), según el comité de acción contra la resistencia a los insecticidas (IRAC). Estos plaguicidas son análogos sintéticos de las piretrinas, compuestos naturales con actividad insecticida que se encuentran en las flores de las plantas del género Chrysanthemum, popularmente conocidas como crisantemos. Actualmente, existen numerosos productos plaguicidas que contienen en su formulación piretroides, siendo ampliamente utilizados en el control de plagas en diferentes contextos como la agricultura, la ganadería, la apicultura e incluso a nivel doméstico, erigiéndose como uno de los grupos de plaguicidas con mayor cuota de mercado. Tanto las piretrinas, como los piretroides se unen al canal de sodio dependiente de voltaje (VGSC por sus siglas en inglés). Esta proteína, que se encuentra presente en las membranas de las neuronas, tiene un papel clave en la transmisión del impulso nervioso a través de los axones. La unión de los piretroides a la proteína provoca su mal funcionamiento. Concretamente, cuando la membrana se despolariza al inicio de un potencial de acción, el canal se abre permitiendo la entrada de iones sodio (Na+) al interior de la neurona, llevando el potencial de membrana a valores más positivos. Esta acción ocurre de una manera muy rápida, ya que el canal rápidamente se cierra deteniendo la entrada de iones. Los piretroides se unen dificultando esta transición entre el estado abierto y cerrado, causando un mal funcionamiento del sistema nervioso y en última instancia, la muerte. El VGSC es una proteína de membrana formada por cuatro dominios, que presentan una alta homología entre ellos, unidos por loops intracelulares. A su vez, cada dominio está compuesto por 6 segmentos transmembrana. Esta proteína forma un poro en la membrana con permeabilidad selectiva a cationes de sodio. Debido a su importante función en la transmisión del impulso nervioso, el gen que la codifica está muy conservado en los metazoos. A diferencia de los vertebrados, los artrópodos solo presentan una copia del gen, aumentando la conservación de este gen entre las especies dentro del clado debido a la fuerte presión de selección que sufre el canal. Las denominadas como mutaciones de tipo kdr (del inglés knock down resistance) o super-kdr corresponden a mutaciones en la secuencia del VGSC asociadas a fenotipos de resistencia a piretroides. Estas mutaciones se localizan principalmente en dos regiones muy concretas del canal de sodio, que se corresponderían con los sitios de unión de los piretroides. Estudios recientes utilizando modelos predictivos de la estructura del canal han confirmado la existencia de los dos sitios de unión, analizando como las mutaciones en los residuos que conforman estos sitios dificultarían la unión de los piretroides, provocando fenotipos de resistencia. El sitio de unión de piretroides 1 (PyR1) estaría constituido por el linker IIS4-5, el IIS5 y el IIIS6. El sitio de unión 2 (PyR2) estaría formado por el linker IS4-5, el IS5, IS6 y IIS6. Existen mutaciones asociadas con la resistencia que están alejadas de estos sitios. En esos casos se plantea que estas ejercerían su efecto de manera alostérica. El uso intensivo de los plaguicidas ha provocado la aparición de poblaciones resistentes en todo el mundo. En el caso concreto de los piretroides, se han descrito dos mecanismos principales de resistencia; la modificación del sitio de unión y la resistencia metabólica. La modificación del sitio de unión consiste en la mutación de los residuos clave para la interacción entre el VGSC y el piretroide. Por otro lado, la resistencia metabólica consiste en el aumento de la capacidad de degradar los piretroides, y suele involucrar a las principales familias de enzimas de detoxificación, monooxigenasas citocromo P450 (P450s), glutatión S-transferasas (GSTs) y carboxilesterasas (CEs). Los agentes de control biológico (ACBs) engloban a diferentes especies utilizadas para el control de plagas. Un grupo destacado dentro de estos ACBs son los ácaros depredadores, muchos de ellos pertenecientes a la familia Phytoseiidae. De entre los diferentes enfoques que se pueden adoptar para combatir las plagas, en las últimas décadas ha destacado la Gestión Integrada de Plagas (GIP). La GIP consiste en un enfoque holístico que combina diferentes prácticas y técnicas que tienen como finalidad controlar las plagas reduciendo el uso de fitosanitarios a niveles económica y ecológicamente justificables. Los ACBs son una de las principales herramientas que posee la GIP para el control de plagas. Estos artrópodos también poseen la capacidad de desarrollar resistencia a diferentes plaguicidas. De hecho, contar con ACBs que posean la capacidad de resistir los tratamientos fitosanitarios utilizados en los cultivos constituye un rasgo muy deseable. Esto habilitaría la combinación de estos ACBs con el uso de plaguicidas en los escenarios que lo requiriesen. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue dilucidar los mecanismos de resistencia a los piretroides en varias especies de ácaros depredadores, realizando una caracterización toxicológica y molecular de la respuesta a la deltametrina en varias poblaciones. Además, también se ha optimizado un sistema de edición genómica como herramienta para el estudio del efecto de mutaciones asociadas con la resistencia a plaguicidas en poblaciones de artrópodos de interés económico. Los ácaros depredadores representan los ACBs más utilizados en control biológico, siendo especies muy relevantes para el estudio de la resistencia a plaguicidas. En el capítulo 1 de nuestro trabajo hemos analizado el efecto de la deltametrina sobre varias poblaciones de las especies Phytoseiulus persimilis, Amblyseius swirskii y Neoseiulus californicus, tres de los ácaros más utilizados como ACBs. Todas las poblaciones de P. persimilis analizadas en este trabajo han mostrado mutaciones del tipo kdr y super-kdr en el gen del VGSC. Las poblaciones caracterizadas toxicológicamente, suministradas por las empresas Koppert Biological Systems (en adelante, Koppert) y Syngenta Bioline (en adelante, Syngenta) han mostrado diferentes niveles de resistencia a los tratamientos con deltametrina. La población de Koppert ha sido la población que ha mostrado un nivel de resistencia mayor. En ambas poblaciones se separaron los ácaros vivos y muertos tras los tratamientos con diferentes concentraciones de deltametrina y se analizó la secuencia del VGSC. Concretamente, en la población de Syngenta, los ácaros que sobrevivieron al tratamiento con deltametrina a 10 ppm eran homocigotos para las mutaciones M918L y A1536T. Por otra parte, los ácaros que no sobrevivían mostraban las mutaciones M918L, L925V y A1536T, pero en este caso eran heterocigotos con los residuos canónicos. En la población de Koppert, todos los ácaros eran homocigotos para la mutación M918L y aquellos que sobrevivían al tratamiento con deltametrina a 40 ppm tenían también la mutación L925V en homocigosis. Los ácaros susceptibles eran también homocigotos para la mutación M918L, pero exhibían la leucina canónica en la posición 925. Un dato curioso, que contrasta con lo encontrado en los ácaros que sobrevivían al tratamiento, es que los ácaros susceptibles tenían la mutación T1539S también en homocigosis. En esta población se realizó un análisis del genotipo de ácaros individuales y se encontró ligamiento entre los alelos L925 y S1539 y entre los alelos V925 y T1539. En A. swirskii, se analizaron dos poblaciones, una procedente de campo y otra suministrada por Koppert. El análisis preliminar de las secuencias del gen del VGSC mostró que ambas poblaciones presentaban mutaciones de resistencia. La población comercial tenía la mutación L925V fijada, sin rastro del alelo WT y la población de campo las mutaciones M918L y L925V junto con los alelos WT. Los resultados de los bioensayos con deltametrina revelaron que ambas poblaciones serían capaces de sobrevivir a concentraciones superiores a las que se usan habitualmente en el campo. La población de Koppert mostró un nivel de resistencia mayor. En esta población la separación de ácaros entre vivos y muertos no mostró diferencias genéticas en la región de interés del VGSC. En cambio, la población de campo mostró una variabilidad mayor. Aquellos ácaros que no resistían el tratamiento con deltametrina a 40 ppm poseían únicamente los alelos M918 y L925. Por otra parte, el resto de los ácaros analizados, supervivientes a los tratamientos con deltametrina 40 ppm, deltametrina 60 ppm y ácaros muertos en el tratamiento de 60 ppm poseían las mutaciones M918L y L925V junto con los alelos WT. Los resultados de los bioensayos, juntamente con el perfil genético, sugerían que había otros mecanismos de resistencia diferentes a la modificación del sitio de unión contribuyendo al fenotipo resistente en estas poblaciones. Entonces, se analizó el efecto de un tratamiento con deltametrina a 20 ppm sobre ácaros que habían sido tratados previamente con compuestos que inhiben los principales grupos de enzimas de detoxificación. Estos ensayos mostraron un aumento significativo de la mortalidad cuando se pretrató a los ácaros con el sinergista BOP, inhibidor de las monooxigenasas citocromo P450. La mortalidad fue de sólo un 3,4% en el tratamiento con deltametrina a 20 ppm, mientras que el tratamiento combinado (BOP + deltametrina 20 ppm) provocó un aumento significativo de la mortalidad hasta el 18,4%. Estos datos indicaron que, en esta población, el fenotipo resistente se debía en parte a la contribución de la resistencia metabólica. Complementariamente, en la población de Koppert se realizaron ensayos de semi-campo, aplicando varios tratamientos con deltametrina sobre plantas de pimiento colonizadas con los ácaros, el fin de estos ensayos era comprobar si los resultados obtenidos en bioensayos de laboratorio eran representativos de los resultados en un entorno más similar al campo (semi-campo). Estos ensayos mostraron una reducción drástica en el número de ácaros por planta después de los tratamientos con deltametrina en un contraste claro con los resultados obtenidos en los bioensayos de laboratorio. Para profundizar en el efecto de la deltametrina sobre los ácaros se realizaron otros ensayos complementarios. En primer lugar, no se detectó un efecto de repelencia por parte de los volátiles emitidos por las plantas tratadas con deltametrina, tampoco se observó un aumento de la mortalidad debida al contacto prolongado de los ácaros con la superficie contaminada con el plaguicida. En los ensayos de elección, no hubo diferencias significativas entre el número de ácaros que permanecían en la superficie tratada frente a aquellos que se quedaron sobre la superficie no tratada. Sin embargo, sí se encontró un aumento significativo en los ácaros que escapan del disco de hoja. Este resultado sugiere un posible efecto de repelencia y/o irritabilidad provocada por las superficies tratadas con deltametrina. También se pudo demostrar que los ácaros escapaban activamente de las plantas tratadas, a diferencia de lo que ocurría en los controles no tratados. Los ácaros huían de las plantas tratadas, encontrándose un mayor número en las trampas ubicadas en los tallos de las plantas con el tratamiento de deltametrina. En N. californicus se analizó la población procedente de Koppert. La caracterización toxicológica del ácaro mostró una mortalidad reducida en los tratamientos con deltametrina, siendo capaz de resistir tratamientos superiores a las dosis de campo. El análisis del gen del VGSC no mostró mutaciones del tipo kdr o super-kdr, tampoco se encontraron diferencias en las regiones analizadas del VGSC en los ácaros muertos y los vivos después de los tratamientos. Los bioensayos utilizando compuestos sinergistas mostraron un aumento de la mortalidad cuando se pretrató a los ácaros con IBP. La mortalidad al tratar con deltametrina a 20 ppm fue del 19,1% y la mortalidad del tratamiento combinado con IBP + deltametrina 20 ppm fue del 75,4%. Los sinergistas BOP y DEM no provocaron un aumento de la mortalidad del tratamiento con deltametrina 20 ppm. Complementariamente, con el fin de analizar la secuencia completa del canal, se secuenció y ensambló el transcrito del VGSC. La comparación de la secuencia con las bases de datos mostró una gran homología con especies emparentadas como Galendromus occidentalis. En todas las especies analizadas al menos una población ha mostrado la capacidad de resistir tratamientos con deltametrina a concentraciones superiores a las dosis de campo. Estos resultados contrastan con la información ofrecida por las empresas proveedoras de estos ACBs, además los resultados resultan útiles para el diseño de estrategias de GIP más robustas y eficaces. En el capítulo 2 de este trabajo se optimizó un sistema para la edición genómica de Spodoptera exigua, vía CRISPR/Cas9, que permitiese la introducción de mutaciones en el gen del VGSC. Las primeras etapas se focalizaron en aumentar la viabilidad del huevo tras la microinyección optimizando parámetros como la cantidad de contraste utilizada para la visualización de los huevos, las condiciones de incubación de los huevos, el tratamiento de desinfección previo a la microinyección y las características de las agujas capilares utilizadas. Los resultados mostraron que la adición de Rojo de fenol a una concentración de 0,01% era suficiente para discriminar los huevos microinyectados. Además, se determinó que era necesario mantener un nivel adecuado de humedad relativa y protección contra los hongos para garantizar la viabilidad de los huevos. En el caso de los capilares se determinó que había dos configuraciones óptimas para nuestro trabajo. Una para los capilares utilizados en los dispositivos mecánicos y otra para los dispositivos neumáticos. Una vez optimizado el proceso de microinyección e incubación de los huevos, se procedió a la optimización de la edición genómica. El primer gen escogido para la edición genómica fue el gen abd-A, un gen homeótico con un papel clave en el desarrollo larvario. La disrupción de este gen provoca un entrecruzamiento de los segmentos que componen la larva, fenotipo muy fácil de apreciar. Estas características lo convierten en un candidato óptimo, cuando se quiere llevar a cabo una optimización de la edición genómica, ya que el fenotipo producido es fácilmente identificable. Se llegó a alcanzar una ratio de eclosión del 31,25% después de la optimización. En total eclosionaron 82 larvas, de las cuales 10 mostraron el fenotipo de disrupción del gen abd-A. Una vez demostrado que se podían obtener mutantes del tipo knock out se procedió a la obtención de mutantes knock in en el receptor de rianodina (RyR) y en el VGSC. En el caso del RyR se pretendía la introducción de la mutación G4946E, conocida por causar resistencia a las diamidas. Eclosionaron 27 larvas de un total de 2616 huevos microinyectados, obteniendo una ratio de eclosión del 1,1%. Las larvas eclosionadas fueron genotipadas y una de ellas mostró haber introducido la mutación G4946E en heterocigosis además del SNP para evitar el reconocimiento por el crRNA. En cuanto al gen del VGSC de S. exigua, su edición fue la más difícil de acometer. El objetivo era la introducción de la mutación M918T y para ello se probaron diferentes concentraciones de los componentes CRISPR/Cas9 y se diseñaron diferentes crRNAs y ssODN. También se probó con diferentes dispositivos de microinyección. Los resultados muestran un mejor desempeño de los dispositivos neumáticos frente a los dispositivos mecánicos, siendo el mejor resultado el obtenido con el FemtoJet con un 3,05% de ratio de eclosión. Además, utilizando los dispositivos neumáticos junto con el ssODN Se-e18-superKDR se consiguió alcanzar un éxito notorio en la introducción de la mutación, al conseguir un porcentaje de mutación del 87,8% y 187 larvas que mostraron el genotipo mutante. Estos resultados se obtuvieron utilizando análisis RFLP ya que el ssODN Se-e18-superKDR introducía una diana de restricción TaqI. Estas larvas se dejaron desarrollar hasta adultos, pero no se logró obtener descendencia que portase la mutación, no pudiendo caracterizar el efecto de la mutación de manera aislada. También se encontró que las mutaciones del tipo indel no impiden el desarrollo de la larva en el huevo, pero si resultan letales, posiblemente por las características y función del VGSC. Pyrethroids are a group of pesticides classified as sodium channel modulators (Group 3A) according to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). These pesticides are synthetic analogues of pyrethrins, natural compounds with insecticidal activity found in the flowers of plants of the genus Chrysanthemum, popularly known as chrysanthemums. Currently, there are numerous pesticide products containing pyrethroids in their formulation, being widely used for pest control in different contexts such as agriculture, livestock, beekeeping and even at household level, being one of the groups of pesticides with the largest market share. Both pyrethrins and pyrethroids bind to the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), a protein, found in the membranes of nerve cells, that plays a key role in the transmission of nerve impulses along axons. VGSC is a membrane protein consisting of four highly homologous domains linked by intracellular loops. Each domain is composed of 6 transmembrane segments. This protein forms a pore in the membrane with selective permeability for sodium cations. Because of its important role in nerve impulse transmission, the gene encoding it is highly conserved in metazoans. The intensive use of pyrethroids over the years has led to the emergence of resistant populations worldwide. Two main mechanisms of resistance have been described so far: target site modification and metabolic resistance. Target site modification involves the mutation of residues proposed to be key for the interaction between the VGSC and the pyrethroid. The so-called kdr (knock down resistance) or super-kdr mutations correspond to mutations in the VGSC associated with pyrethroid resistant phenotypes. These mutations are mainly located in two very specific regions of the channel corresponding to the putative pyrethroid binding sites. Metabolic resistance consists of an increased ability to degrade pyrethroids and usually involves the major families of detoxifying enzymes, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and carboxylesterases (CEs). In recent decades, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has emerged as one of the best approaches that can be used to control pests. IPM is a holistic approach that combines different practices and techniques to control pests by reducing the use of pesticides to economically and ecologically justifiable levels. Biological control agents (BCAs) are one of the main tools for IPM. Thus, integration of BCAs with the use of pesticides when needed, might be the right way to go, in order to achieve a long-term success in controlling pests. Predatory mites, mostly from the Phytoseiidae family, are a prominent group among BCAs. They are playing a fundamental role for pest control in protected crops settings from South-eastern Spain, but sometimes it is impossible to reach an adequate control of all the pests infesting the crops at the same time. It is in those cases when colonies of predatory mites showing resistance to pesticides would be the solution to maintain the IPM strategy in place. One of the main objective of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in several species of predatory mites by carrying out a toxicological and molecular characterisation of the response to deltamethrin in several populations. In addition, a genome editing system has been optimised as a tool to study the effect of mutations associated with pesticide resistance in arthropod populations of economic interest. In Chapter 1, we analysed the effect of deltamethrin on several populations of the species Phytoseiulus persimilis, Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus californicus, three of the most widely used predatory mite species. All populations of P. persimilis analysed in this work carried kdr and super-kdr mutations in the VGSC gene. The populations supplied by Koppert Biological Systems (hereafter Koppert) and Syngenta Bioline (hereafter Syngenta) were toxicologically characterised showing different levels of resistance to deltamethrin treatments being the population from Koppert the most resistant. In both populations, live and dead mites were separated after treatment with different concentrations of deltamethrin. The VGSC was then partially sequenced and analysed. Specifically, in the Syngenta population, mites that survived a treatment with deltamethrin at 10 ppm were homozygous for the M918L and A1536T mutations. Mites that did not survive had the M918L, L925V and A1536T mutations, but they were all heterozygous. In the Koppert population, all mites were homozygous for the M918L mutation and those that survived treatment with deltamethrin at 40 ppm were also homozygous for the L925V mutation. Susceptible mites were also homozygous for the M918L mutation but had the canonical leucine at position 925. Interestingly, in contrast to what was found in mites that survived the treatment, susceptible mites were also homozygous for the T1539S mutation. For A. swirskii, two populations were tested, one collected from the field in Israel, the region of origin of this species and the other one was supplied by Koppert. Preliminary analysis of the VGSC gene sequences showed that both populations had mutations previously associated with resistance. The commercial population had the L925V mutation fixed, with no trace of the wild-type (WT) allele, and the field population had the M918L and L925V mutations along with the WT alleles. Results from bioassays with deltamethrin showed that a significant number of mites from both populations would be able to survive at concentrations higher than those commonly used in the field. The Koppert population showed again the highest level of resistance. In this population, separation of live and dead mites showed no genetic differences in the VGSC region of interest. In contrast, the field population showed higher variability. The mites that were not resistant to the treatment with deltamethrin at 40 ppm had the canonical M918 and L925 alleles. On the other hand, survivors of the treatments with deltamethrin at 40 ppm, deltamethrin at 60 ppm treatments and also the mites killed at 60 ppm showed the mutations M918L and L925V in addition to the WT alleles. The bioassay results, together with the genetic profile, suggested that resistance mechanisms other than target site modification were contributing to the resistant phenotype in these populations. The effect of 20 ppm deltamethrin treatment on mites pre-treated with compounds inhibiting the major detoxification enzymes was then tested. These trials showed a significant increase in mortality when mites were pre-treated with the synergist piperonyl butoxide (POB), an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Mortality was only 3.4% in the 20 ppm deltamethrin treatment, while the combined treatment (POB+ 20 ppm deltamethrin) significantly increased mortality to 18.4%. These data indicated that the resistant phenotype in this population was partly due to the contribution of metabolic resistance. In addition, semi-field trials were carried out in the Koppert population using different deltamethrin treatments on pepper plants colonised by the mites to test whether the results obtained in laboratory bioassays were representative of those obtained in a more field-like environment. These trials showed a dramatic reduction in the number of mites per plant following deltamethrin treatments, in contrast to the results obtained in the laboratory bioassays. Additional tests were carried out to further investigate the effect of deltamethrin on mites. Firstly, there was no repellent effect of the volatiles emitted by the deltamethrin-treated plants, nor was there an increase in mortality due to prolonged contact of the mites with the pesticide-contaminated surface. In the choice trials, there was no significant difference between the number of mites remaining on the treated and untreated surfaces. However, there was a significant increase in the number of mites escaping from the disc. This result suggests a possible repellent and/or irritant effect of deltamethrin treated surfaces. It was also shown that mites actively escaped from treated plants in contrast to untreated controls. Mites escaped from treated plants, with higher numbers found in traps placed on the stems of deltamethrin treated plants. For N. californicus, only the Koppert population was analysed. Toxicological characterisation of this population showed reduced mortality to the treatment with deltamethrin at concentrations well above the field rate. Analysis of the VGSC gene showed no kdr or super-kdr mutations, and no differences were found in the VGSC regions analysed in dead and live mites after treatment. Bioassays using synergistic compounds showed increased mortality when mites were pre-treated with Iprobenfos (IBP). Mortality from treatment with deltamethrin at 20 ppm was 19.1% and mortality from the combined treatment of IBP + deltamethrin at 20 ppm was 75.4%. The synergists PBO and diethylmaleate (DEM) did not increase the mortality of the deltamethrin 20 ppm treatment. In addition, the VGSC transcript was sequenced and assembled to analyse the complete channel sequence. Comparison of the sequence with databases showed a high degree of homology with related species such as Galendromus occidentalis. In all species analysed, at least one population showed the ability to resist treatment with deltamethrin at concentrations higher than field rates. These results contrast with the information provided by the companies supplying these BCAs and are useful in designing more robust and effective IPM strategies. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, a system for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of Spodoptera exigua was optimised to allow the introduction of mutations in the VGSC gene. First steps focused on increasing egg viability after microinjection by optimising parameters such as the amount of contrast used to visualise the eggs, egg incubation conditions, disinfection treatment prior to microinjection and the characteristics of the capillary needles used. Once the process of microinjection and incubation of the eggs had been optimised, we moved on to optimising the genome editing. The first gene selected for genome editing was abd-A, a homeotic gene that plays a key role in larval development. An ideal candidate for genome editing, since the resulting phenotype of a knock out is easily identifiable. After optimisation, a hatching rate of 31.25% was achieved. A total of 82 larvae hatched, of which 10 showed the abd-A gene disruption phenotype. Having demonstrated that knock-out mutants could be obtained, knock-in mutants in the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and in the VGSC were obtained. In the case of the RyR, the aim was to introduce the G4946E mutation, which is known to confer resistance to diamide insecticides. Twenty-seven larvae hatched from a total of 2616 microinjected eggs, giving a hatching rate of 1.1%. The hatched larvae were genotyped, and one of them was found to carry the G4946E mutation in heterozygosity in addition to another polymorphism introduced to avoid recognition by the crRNA. The S. exigua VGSC gene was the most difficult to edit. The aim was to introduce the M918T mutation, known to confer resistance to pyrethroids. Thus, different concentrations of CRISPR/Cas9 components were tested and different crRNAs and ssODNs were designed. Different microinjection devices were also tested. The results show a better performance of the pneumatic devices compared to the mechanical devices, with the best result being obtained with the FemtoJet with a hatching rate of 3.05%. Furthermore, by using the pneumatic devices together with the ssODN Se-e18-superKDR, a remarkable success in mutation introduction was achieved, with a mutation rate of 87.8% and 187 larvae showing the mutant genotype. These results were screened using RFLP analysis, as the ssODN Se-e18-superKDR introduced a TaqI restriction target. These larvae were allowed to develop into adults, but no offspring carrying the mutation were obtained and the effect of the mutation could not be characterised in isolation. It was also found that indel-type mutations do not prevent larval development in the egg, but are lethal, possibly because of the properties and function of the VGSC.
- Published
- 2023
7. Pótam, comunidad yaqui del Sur de Sonora, México: ¿Justicia ambiental por exposición a contaminantes?
- Author
-
Mercedes Meza, Maria, Ma. Meza, Diana, J Balderas, José, Mondaca, Iram, and Félix, Anacleto
- Abstract
Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
8. Profile of the population use of household insecticides against mosquitoes
- Author
-
Luzilene Barbosa Oliveira, Rafaela Maria Pessoa Nunes, Claudiana Mangabeira Santana, Antonia Rosa da Costa, Narcia Maria Fonseca Nunes, Iana Bantim Felicio Calou, Ana Paula Peron, Márcia Maria Mendes Marques, and Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Subjects
Agrotóxicos domésticos ,Práticas preventivas ,Piretróides ,Toxicidade. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This study described the use of household insecticides in Picos (Piauí, Brazil), identify which are the most used types of insecticides and describes the incidence of poisoning and environmental awareness of the population. After home visits (n = 700), it was seen that the majority of respondents was represented by women (75%), with 31-55 years-old (49%), incomplete primary education (38.1%) and income between 1-2 earnings (64%). Most homes have between 1-3 residents (48%), 85% of the persons use insecticides mainly chosen in TV and radio and only 54% of them read the label before employing the product. The most used form of presentation is the aerosol (70.7%). Majority (79%) recognizes that insecticides are harmful to health, but 74% do not use any Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Symptoms of toxicity were reported by 27% of people interviewed. Two women reported irritation, dizziness and respiratory problems and need for medical intervention and hospitalization. All interviewed discard the package as regular trash, since Picos does not has selective collection. In conclusion, most people use insecticides, know about the individual and collective risks to which they are exposed but do not use PPE, though they believe insecticides are toxic. It was noted that acquisition of knowledge does not necessarily result in behavioral changes, since learning does not translate into appropriate preventive attitudes and practices, emphasizing the requirement for awareness campaigns about toxicity and environmental risks, preparation of professionals and surveillance policy against indiscriminate sale.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Options for Managing Antestiopsis thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the Relationship of Bug Density to the Occurrence of Potato Taste Defect in Coffee.
- Author
-
Bigirimana, Joseph, Gerard, Andrew, Mota-Sanchez, David, and Gut, Larry J.
- Subjects
- *
STINKBUGS , *POTATO diseases & pests , *COFFEE , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *IMIDACLOPRID - Abstract
Potato taste defect is a potato-like smell found in green and roasted coffee beans. Potato taste defect reduces the flavor experience of finished coffee and causes it to be rejected by consumers. The presence of potato taste defect has been associated with insect damage, especially damage from the Antestia bug, Antestiopsis thunbergii (Gremlin) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). A 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated pest management using pruning alone or in combination with several commercially available insecticides to control a field population of Antestia bug and to assess the relationship between these treatments and the occurrence of potato taste defect in coffee using laboratory and field tests. Field trials were conducted in 3 major coffee growing regions of Rwanda: Rubona, Gakenke, and Kirehe. In laboratory bioassays, significant differences were found between insecticides on the percentage mortality of adult bugs. The percent mortality was higher for pyrethroid, Fastac (Alpha-cypermethrin), and pyrethrins (Pyrethrum 5EW, Pyrethrum EWC + Sesame and Agroblaster) than for the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid. Mortality from imidacloprid increased over time, providing a lower mortality than Pyrethrum 5EW and Agroblaster 12 h post-treatment. In the field, the highest mean mortality was achieved with Pyrethrum 5EW, Fastac, and Pyrethrum EWC applied to pruned coffee trees. Additionally, pruning alone registered a statistically higher mean insect mortality than unpruned coffee trees without insecticides application. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that potato taste defect was positively associated with the bug density and the extent of damage caused by Antestia bug. The study suggests that pruning combined with insecticide application, especially Fastac, provides better control of Antestia bug and significantly reduces potato taste defect compared to either pruning or insecticide application alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. INTOXICAÇÃO ACIDENTAL POR CIPERMETRINA EM COELHOS: RELATO DE CASO.
- Author
-
SEGUNDO, F. A. S., COSTA, P. W. L., AZEVEDO, A. S., and VILELA, V. L. R.
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to report cases of poisoning in rabbits after application of spray containing cypermethrin in its composition. Twelve rabbits were subjected to experimental surgery procedure receiving such wounds treatment a daily spray application for the stimulation of wound healing. The product had in its composition cypermethrin 4%. During the accompaniment of the postoperative period, 33% of animals (4/12) showed signs of intoxication, characterized by hyperexcitability, tremors, ataxia, involuntary movements and head lateralization. After finding of intoxication, the use of the spray was suspended in all animals. The absence of any sign of intoxication and complete recovery of the clinical condition was achieved on the second day after stopping use of the spray. The clinical condiction was associated to the cypermethrin use due to similarity of clinical signs reported in the literature for poisoning caused by pyrethroids in company animals. Which draws attention in this case was the use in spray form, besides having been topic, was performed with therapeutic dose. A possible contributing factor is the rabbits licking habit. It was concluded that the cypermethrin component as topical drugs can cause poisoning in rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. An outbreak of systemic intoxication with irritant contact dermatitis due cypermethrin in dairy cows - case report
- Author
-
N.N. Marcom, C.L. Mendonça, M.I. Souza, N.A. Costa, J.A.B. Afonso, E. Zache, A.P. Almeida, D.O. Santos, R.L. Santos, and A. Arenales
- Subjects
systemic intoxication ,pyrethroids ,General Veterinary ,outbreak ,vacas leiteiras ,Brasil ,intoxicação sistêmica ,dairy cattle ,piretroides ,surto ,Brazil - Abstract
Pyrethroids are ectoparasiticides safe for mammals and widely used in farm animals. An outbreak of systemic intoxication with irritant contact dermatitis resulting from the use of cypermethrin pour on in dairy cows is reported in the state of Pernambuco. Eight adult animals were affected, three died on the property and five were referred to the Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns. These received 100 mL of pour on Cypermethrin (Ectonil ®, Cipermetrina, Labgard, Brasil). Apathy, hyperexcitability, muscle tremors, sialorrhea, bradycardia and crusted lesions were observed on the dorsum of the neck, scapula, ears and ulcerations in the oral and vaginal mucosa. There was hyperfibrinogenemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift. Histopathology showed areas of erosion and ulceration of the epidermis and perivascular lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate in the superficial dermis. Supportive treatment was done with improvement of systemic signs and skin lesions, however, in one animal (with 19 days hospitalized), there was no complete regression of neurological alterations of bradycardia and muscle tremors, even so, it was possible to return to productive activity. High doses of pour on cypermethrin may cause systemic intoxication in cattle and result in bradycardia, hyperexcitability, muscle tremors and sialorrhea with irritant contact dermatitis, and death in severe cases. RESUMO Os piretroides são ectoparasiticidas com grande segurança para mamíferos, utilizados amplamente em animais de produção. Relata-se um surto de intoxicação sistêmica com dermatite irritante por contato, resultante do uso de Cipermetrina Pour-On em bovinos, no estado de Pernambuco. Oito animais adultos foram acometidos: três deles morreram na propriedade e cinco foram recebidos na Clínica de Bovinos da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns. Todos haviam recebido 100mL de Cipermetrina Pour-On (Ectonil®, Cipermetrina, Labgard, Brasil). Observou-se apatia, hiperexcitabilidade, tremores musculares, sialorreia, bradicardia e lesões crostosas no dorso da região de pescoço, na escápula, mas orelhas, bem como ulcerações em mucosa oral e vaginal. No hemograma, verificou-se hiperfibrinogenemia e leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio à esquerda regenerativo. Na histopatologia, foram constatadas áreas de erosão e ulceração da epiderme e infiltrado linfo-histiocitário e neutrofílico perivascular na derme superficial. O tratamento de suporte gerou melhora dos sinais sistêmicos e das lesões cutâneas, porém, em um dos animais (que esteve internado por 19 dias), não houve regressão completa das alterações neurológicas de bradicardia e de tremores musculares; mesmo assim, foi possível o retorno à atividade produtiva. Doses elevadas de Cipermetrina Pour-On podem causar intoxicação sistêmica em bovinos e resultarem em bradicardia, hiperexcitabilidade, tremores musculares e sialorreia com dermatite irritante por contato, bem como morte em casos severos.
- Published
- 2022
12. Exposición a plaguicidas persistentes y no persistentes en población no expuesta laboralmente de la isla de Tenerife
- Author
-
Guillermo Burillo-Putze, Octavio P. Luzardo, Carlos Pérez García, Manuel Zumbado, Carmen Yanes, María del Mar Trujillo-Martín, Carlos Boada Fernández del Campo, and Luis D. Boada
- Subjects
Residuos de plaguicidas ,Plaguicidas no persistentes ,Organofosforados ,Piretroides ,Plaguicidas persistentes ,Plaguicidas organoclorados ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objetivo: La exposición crónica a plaguicidas no persistentes se ha relacionado con diversas patologías crónicas; sin embargo, pocos estudios han evaluado la exposición a plaguicidas no persistentes en población española. Métodos: En 2007 se determinó la presencia de 24 plaguicidas mediante cromatografía de gases/espectometría de masas en 363 muestras de suero de adultos no laboralmente expuestos de Tenerife. Resultados: El 99,45% presentaron residuos (6 ± 2 plaguicidas/muestra). Los plaguicidas más frecuentes fueron piretroides (96,1%), organofosforados (93,9%) y organoclorados (92,3%). En el 81% de los sujetos se detectaron bifentrina y malatión, considerados neurotóxicos, y en el 50% hexaclorobenceno, DDT y buprofezina. El malatión, un «obesógeno ambiental», se detectó en el 82%, y plaguicidas considerados «disruptores endocrinos» en el 97,2% de las muestras. Conclusiones: Existe una exposición inadvertida a plaguicidas no persistentes que puede afectar a la salud de nuestra población, por lo que se hace necesario incluirlos en los estudios de monitorización.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Clinical, biochemical and haemathological effects in Rhamdia quelen exposed to cypermethrin
- Author
-
F.P. Montanha, A.C. Fredianelli, R. Wagner, S.R. Sacco, D.C.C. Rocha, and C.T. Pimpão
- Subjects
peixe ,biomarcadores ,ecotoxicologia ,hemograma ,piretroides ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The acute intoxication of Cypermethrin in Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) was evaluated. Animals weighing 56.67±4.43g and measuring 18.92±1.16cm were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin for the species in hydrological conditions during 96 hours. A total of 52 fish divided into three groups were used and received the following concentrations of Cypermethrin: 0 (n=12); 1.5 (n=20) and 2.5 (n=20)mg/L. The intoxicated animals suffered behavioral changes such as loss of balance, swimming alteration, dyspnea, upright swimming and sudden spiral swimming movements. As soon as the 96-hour period was over, a blood collection for hematological and biochemical analyses was performed. A complete haemogram test, plasmatic protein test, albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were studied. The values of erythrocytes, hematocrits, haemoglobin, total number of leukocytes, thrombocyte, ALT, AST and ALP changed according to the groups. The results have shown that the environmental contamination by Cypermethrin is toxic to the species.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. [Perfil de resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ao diazinon e à cipermetrina e primeiro relato de mutação no canal de sódio - domain III S6 - T2134A em amostras de campo, no estado de São Paulo - Brasil]
- Author
-
M.L. Santos, L.C. Fiorini, F.C. Duarte, K.A. Anjos, A.F.C. Nassar, L.G. Brito, J.R. Pereira, and M.C. Mendes
- Subjects
pyrethroids ,General Veterinary ,organophosphate ,carrapatos ,organofosforado ,piretroides ,ticks - Abstract
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the parasites that has an impact on livestock farming in Brazil. Bioassays using the larval packet test (LPT) impregnated with cypermethrin and diazinon at different concentrations were performed to characterize phenotypic resistance (resistance level, RL), molecular resistance (mutation in domain III - S6 T2134A) and enzymatic metabolism of diazinon and cypermethrin in some populations of R. microplus that were collected in different regions of the state of São Paulo. Among the 40 farms analyzed, 18 of them presented resistance factors for cypermethrin, with RL I (53%) and RL II (47%). Mutation of domain III T2134A was found for the first time in Brazil, on seven farms. Heterozygous larvae were found on six of them and resistant homozygous larvae on four. No differences (p>0.05) in enzymatic activity of α-esterase and β-esterase were found in tests with live and dead larvae at a cypermethrin concentration of 409.6μg/cm2. Ninety percent of the farms showed resistance to the active agent diazinon: RL I in 6%, RL II in 30% and RL III in 64%. There were significant differences (p0,05) na atividade enzimática de α-esterase e β-esterase foi observada em testes com larvas vivas e mortas em uma concentração de cipermetrina de 409,6μg/cm2. Noventa por cento das propriedades apresentaram resistência ao agente ativo diazinon: RL I em 6%, RL II em 30% e RL III em 64%. Houve diferenças significativas (P
- Published
- 2022
15. Evaluación del uso de plaguicidas y propuesta de un plan de manejo ambiental de agropesticidas en las parroquias de Bulán, Dug Dug, Chicán y San Cristóbal pertenecientes al cantón Paute
- Author
-
Merchán Tenemea, Evelyn Jessenia, Quichimbo Brito, Katherine Paulina, and Zea Cobos, Angélica Geovanna
- Subjects
AGROPESTICIDAS ,PLAGUICIDAS - ASPECTOS AMBIENTALES ,PIRETROIDES ,DITIOCARBAMATOS ,ORGANOFOSFORADOS ,INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL - Abstract
Se realizó la evaluación del uso de plaguicidas con el fin de conocer cuáles son los más empleados en la zona de estudio, para posteriormente analizar los cultivos de mayor relevancia con lo cual se propuso un plan manejo de agropesticidas. The evaluation of the use of pesticides was carried out in order to know which are the most used in the study area, to later analyze the most relevant crops with which an agropesticide management plan was proposed.
- Published
- 2022
16. Susceptibilidad en Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) del municipio de Soledad (Atlántico, Colombia) a etofenprox y alfacipermetrina.
- Author
-
MAESTRE-SERRANO, RONALD, PONCE-GARCÍA, GUSTAVO, and FLORES-SUÁREZ, ADRIANA
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Pyrethroids and DDT tolerance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Sengerema District, an area of intensive pesticide usage in north-western Tanzania.
- Author
-
Philbert, Anitha, Lyantagaye, Sylvester Leonard, Pradel, Gabriele, Ngwa, Che Julius, and Nkwengulila, Gamba
- Subjects
- *
PYRETHROIDS , *ANOPHELES gambiae , *DDT (Insecticide) , *DELTAMETHRIN , *AGRICULTURE , *ANIMAL experimentation , *ANIMALS , *DISEASE vectors , *BIOTIC communities , *DRUG resistance , *GENES , *HYDROCARBONS , *IMMUNITY , *INSECTICIDES , *INSECTS , *GENETIC mutation , *ORGANIC compounds , *PESTICIDES , *SOILS ,MALARIA transmission - Abstract
Objective: To assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), characterise the mechanisms underlying resistance and evaluate the role of agro-chemical use in resistance selection among malaria vectors in Sengerema agro-ecosystem zone, Tanzania.Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected from farms and reared to obtain adults. The susceptibility status of An. gambiae s.l. was assessed using WHO bioassay tests to permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, etofenprox, cyfluthrin and DDT. Resistant specimens were screened for knock-down resistance gene (kdr), followed by sequencing both Western and Eastern African variants. A gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) was used to determine pesticide residues in soil and sediments from mosquitoes' breeding habitats.Results: Anopheles gambiae s.l. was resistant to all the insecticides tested. The population of Anopheles gambiae s.l was composed of Anopheles arabiensis by 91%. The East African kdr (L1014S) allele was found in 13 of 305 specimens that survived insecticide exposure, with an allele frequency from 0.9% to 50%. DDTs residues were found in soils at a concentration up to 9.90 ng/g (dry weight).Conclusion: The observed high resistance levels of An. gambiae s.l., the detection of kdr mutations and pesticide residues in mosquito breeding habitats demonstrate vector resistance mediated by pesticide usage. An integrated intervention through collaboration of agricultural, livestock and vector control units is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Pyrethroid toxicity in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen
- Author
-
Francisco P. Montanha, Luciana A.G. Galeb, Jorge D. Mikos, Luciana N. Ganeco, Tiago P. Pereira, Anne Tanaka, Peter G. Kirschnik, and Cláudia T. Pimpão
- Subjects
Piretróides ,pesticidas ,Jundiá ,Rhamdia quelen ,desenvolvimento embrionário ,peixes ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
This study aimed to determine both the lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin in young Silver Catfish (Brazilian "Jundiá", Rhamdia quelen) on aquatic environment during 96 hours, as well as to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development period of Rhamdia quelen, and to verify their respective rates of fertilization, hatching and survival. Pyrethroid nowadays is a widely used insecticide, which presents a high toxicity to fish. In order to determine lethal and sublethal concentrations, 120 silver catfish were used; each one had an average weight of 59.58±4.50g and an average size of 20.33±2.34cm. Concentrations used were 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0mg of Cypermethrin per liter of water (mg/L). Fish were exposed to the product in 30-liter fish tanks. In each fish tank there were four fishes and the product was applied three times, i.e., a total of twelve fish were exposed to the product at each application, and a total of 120 fish during the entire experiment (n=120). In order to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development, ovulation induction was performed on female fishes using hormones, and then and egg collection was performed. The eggs were then hydrated and fertilized in Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin in different concentrations: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/L of Cypermethrin and 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mg/L of Deltamethrin, in addition to the control group (0mg/L). After fertilization, the eggs were kept in containers with the respective pesticides of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin until hatching, when hatching rate was verified. Then the alevins, from the hatching, were kept on their respective concentrations of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin so that the survival rate could be analyzed regarding the tested insecticides, during both 12-hour and 24-hour periods. Concerning the sublethal and lethal concentrations, Silver Catfish was sensitive to the tested concentrations of Cypermethrin, showing symptoms of poisoning, such as loss of balance, swimming alteration, dyspnea (they kept their mouths and opercula open), upright swimming and sudden spiral swimming movements. The intensity of such symptoms varied in proportion to the concentration used. The concentrations above 3.0mg/L were considered lethal to the species, since every animal exposed to concentrations between 3.0 and 20.0mg/L had died, while concentrations between 1.0 and 2.5mg/L were considered sublethal. Lethal concentration of Cypermethrin to Silver catfish, in 96 hours, was 1.71 milligram per liter of water. Concerning the sublethal concentration of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin during the initial embryonic development, the results show that both pyrethroids had significantly decreased the analyzed parameters when comparing them with the control group. It was concluded that, even with the fish being more resistant to pyrethroids in comparison with other species, both the young animals and the ones in stage of embryonic development were susceptible to the effects of these pesticides.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Impact of insecticides on non-target arthropods in watermelon cropImpacto de inseticidas em artrópodes não-alvo associados à cultura da melancia
- Author
-
Cíntia Ribeiro Souza, Renato Almeida Sarmento, Madelaine Venzon, Emerson Cristi Barros, Gil Rodrigues dos Santos, and Cleibi Coelho Chaves
- Subjects
Citrullus lanatus ,Neonicotenóides ,Piretróides ,Artrópodes benéficos. ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Watermelon Citrullus lunatus (Thunberg, Matsumura & Nakai) is an ecosystem having a variety of arthropods, each one playing a specific role. Although some of them are considered pest to crops, some others are responsible for soil aeration, nutrient release and predation of pest species and are, therefore, considered beneficial to crops. The intensive farming practiced for watermelon cultivation in Brazil is based on the use of tiamethoxam and deltamethrin, which may not only kill target but also nontarget organisms such as beneficial arthropods. Research data regarding the influence of insecticides on arthropods in watermelon cropping is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the insecticides deltamethrin and thiamethoxam on soil surface and watermelon canopy arthropod community. The study was carried out in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Although the application of thiamethoxam and deltamethrin was efficient in controlling populations of Aphis gossypii (Glover), as we expected, they negatively affected non-target arthropods such as detritivores insects in the canopy and soil surface. Ecological implications of the impact of such pesticides on beneficial arthropod species are discussed.A cultura da melancia Citrullus lunatus (Thunberg, Matsumura & Nakai) abriga uma grande diversidade de artrópodes, cada um desempenhando um papel específico. Apesar de alguns desses artrópodes serem considerados pragas, outros são responsáveis pela aeração do solo, liberação de nutrientes e predação das espécies-praga, sendo, dessa forma, considerados benéficos às culturas. A agricultura intensiva praticada no Brasil para o cultivo da melancia é baseada no uso dos inseticidas como tiamethoxam e deltametrina, que pode não só matar as pragas, mas também organismos não-alvo. Pesquisas relacionadas à influência de inseticidas sobre artrópodes benéficos na cultura da melancia são escassas. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos inseticidas deltametrina e thiamethoxam na comunidade de artrópodes existentes na superfície do solo, bem como naqueles artropópodes que habitam o dossel das plantas na cultura da melancia. Este estudo foi realizado no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Embora as aplicações de thiamethoxam e deltametrina foram eficientes no controle de populações de Aphis gossypii, como era esperado, os inseticidas afetaram negativamente artrópodes não-alvo como insetos detritívoros, insetos de dossel e da superfície do solo. Implicações ecológicas do impacto dos pesticidas sobre as espécies de artrópodes benéficos são discutidos.
- Published
- 2012
20. Suscetibilidade de larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus a diferentes inseticidas
- Author
-
Stênio Nunes Alves, Jacqueline Domingues Tibúrcio, and Alan Lane de Melo
- Subjects
Culex ,Inseticidas ,Temefós ,Piretróides ,Avermectinas ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 - Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade de larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus a dois piretróides (Cipermetrina e Deltametrina), dois derivados da Avermectina (ivermectina e abamectina) e a um organofosforado (Temefós). MÉTODOS: Larvas de 3º e 4º instares de C. quinquefasciatus foram expostas a diferentes concentrações destes (onze repetições) seguindo o protocolo da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Uma hora após a exposição, as larvas foram lavadas em água desclorada, transferidas para recipientes plásticos contendo água sem cloro, alimentadas e observadas por períodos de 24h, até se transformarem em adultos. Para a determinação das concentrações letais, os valores foram submetidos à análise de regressão usando o modelo probit pelo programa Minitab 15. RESULTADOS: Diferenças entre as estimativas da CL50 e CL90 justificaram que a população de mosquitos testada apresenta heterogeneidade em resposta aos inseticidas, sendo a maior concentração utilizada para a CL50, a partir da análise de probit para o Temefós. Todos os inseticidas avaliados causaram mortalidade mais acentuada nas primeiras 24h exceto quando expostas à ivermectina. CONCLUSÕES: As larvas são suscetíveis a todos os inseticidas testados e há uma necessidade de um monitoramento dos inseticidas utilizados.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Susceptibility of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) to cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron in southern Brazil
- Author
-
Andreia Mauruto Chernaki-Leffer, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Lúcia M. Almeida, and Ivani de Oliveira Negrão Lopes
- Subjects
Aviário ,cascudinho ,inseticidas reguladores do crescimento ,organofosforados ,piretróides ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Susceptibility of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) to cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron in southern Brazil. The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is an important insect pest in poultry houses in Brazil. Susceptibility of the lesser mealworm collected from eight poultry houses in Paraná state, southern Brazil, was evaluated for cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron. Adult A. diaperinus were tested in bioassays with cypermethrin and dichlorvos. Larvae were fed rabbit feed wetted with a triflumuron-water solution. Concentration-mortality regressions were estimated using Probit analysis and resistance ratios were calculated based on the susceptible population. Among the field populations evaluated, cypermethrin LC50 values for adults, ranged from 68.1 to 6,263 ng (AI)/cm². LC50 values for adults challenged with dichlorvos ranged from 10.3 to 1,385 ng (AI)/cm². One population from Pato Branco showed reduced susceptibility to triflumuron (LC50 = 272 µg (AI)/ml of solution) when compared to the most susceptible population (LC50 = 109.8 µg (AI)/ml). Application of cypermethrin and dichlorvos analogues should be managed with caution to minimize insecticide resistance problems.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Knockdown resistance in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in Brazil Resistência Knockdown em populações de mosca-dos-chifres do Brasil resistentes aos piretróides
- Author
-
Gustavo A. Sabatini, Paulo E. M. Ribolla, Antonio T. M. Barros, Felix D. Guerrero, and Terezinha T. S. Schumaker
- Subjects
Haematobia irritans ,mosca-dos-chifres ,resistência ,piretróides ,horn fly ,resistance ,pyrethroid ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
To investigate the kdr (knockdown resistance) resistance-associated gene mutation and determine its frequency in pyrethroid-resistant horn fly (Haematobia irritans) populations, a total of 1,804 horn flies of 37 different populations from all Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South) were molecular screened through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The kdr gene was not detected in 87.08% of the flies. However, the gene was amplified in 12.92% of the flies, of which 11.70% were resistant heterozygous and 1.22% were resistant homozygous. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found only in 1 ranch with an excess of heterozygous. When populations were grouped by region, three metapopulations showed significant deviations of HWE (Central-West population, South population and Southeast population). This indicates that populations are isolated one from another and kdr occurrence seems to be an independent effect probably reflecting the insecticide strategy used by each ranch. Although resistance to pyrethroids is disseminated throughout Brazil, only 48% of resistant populations had kdr flies, and the frequency of kdr individuals in each of these resistant populations was quite low. But this study shows that, with the apparent exception of the Northeast region, the kdr mechanism associated with pyrethroid resistance occurs all over Brazil.Com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência e determinar a frequência da mutação kdr (knock down resistance) em populações de Haematobia irritans (mosca-dos-chifres) resistentes aos piretróides, foram analisados 1.804 indivíduos de 37 populações de todas as Regiões do Brasil. Com exceção da Região Nordeste, o kdr (knock down resistance gene) foi encontrado em populações de todas as regiões. A mutação não foi detectada em 87,08% dos indivíduos. Entretanto, o gene foi amplificado de 12,92% das moscas, das quais 11,70% se mostraram heterozigotas resistentes e 1,22% homozigotas resistentes. Em todas as populações verificou-se equilíbrio de acordo com a Lei de Hardy e Weinberg, exceto uma com excesso de heterozigotos. Entretanto, quando agrupamos diferentes populações numa metapopulação de acordo com a região geográfica, é possível observar um desvio nas populações Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, indicando isolamento populacional e que a ocorrência do kdr é provavelmente um efeito independente, talvez refletindo a estratégia de uso do inseticida de cada produtor. Apesar da resistência aos piretróides estar disseminada por todo o país, apenas 48% das populações resistentes apresentaram o kdr, e a frequência de indivíduos kdr nas populações resistentes se mostrou bastante baixa. À exceção da Região Nordeste, o mecanismo de resistência ligado ao kdr ocorre em todo o país.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Estado de la resistencia a insecticidas en Triatoma infestans de Argentina
- Author
-
Mougabure-Cueto, Gastón, Laboratorio de Investigación en Triatominos (LIT), Centro de Referencia de Vectores (CeReVe), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Argentina, Lobbia, Patricia A., Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Argentina
- Subjects
toxicología ,Triatoma infestans ,Chagas ,resistencia a insecticidas ,piretroides ,insecticide resistance ,pyrethroids ,biología ,epidemiología ,resistência a inseticidas - Abstract
Los insectos triatominos son los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. El control químico de estos insectos es la principal herramienta utilizada para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Los piretroides son los principales insecticidas utilizados para el control de los triatominos en todos los países endémicos. La evolución de resistencia a insecticidas convierte en ineficiente una exitosa estrategia de control químico. En Argentina se han detectado diferentes focos de resistencia en Triatoma infestans, el vector más importante en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica, asociados a deficiencias en el control. Los estudios realizados sobre esta especie muestran que la resistencia es un problema complejo, ya que evolucionó en varias zonas de la distribución geográfica de la especie, se identificaron diferentes mecanismos de resistencia, está asociada a modificaciones en diversos procesos biológicos, está vinculada a variaciones ambientales y hay escasez de alternativas de control. En este manuscrito presentamos una revisión del conocimiento sobre la resistencia a piretroides en T. infestans en Argentina. Triatominae (kissing bugs) are the vectors of Chagas disease. Chemical control of these insects is the main tool for reducing the incidence of the disease. Pyrethroids are the main insecticides used for triatomine control in all endemic countries. The evolution of insecticide resistance renders a successful chemical control strategy ineffective. In Argentina, different foci of resistance have been detected in Triatoma infestans—the most important vector in the Southern Cone of South America, which are associated with control deficiencies. The studies conducted on this species show that resistance is a complex problem because it has evolved in several areas of the species’ geographical distribution. Different resistance mechanisms have been identified. Resistance is associated with changes in various biological processes and linked to environmental changes. There is a lack of control alternatives. This paper is a review of the knowledge on pyrethroid resistance in T. infestans in Argentina. Os insetos triatomíneos são os vetores da doença de Chagas. O controlo químico desses insetos é a principal ferramenta utilizada para reduzir a incidência da doença. Os piretróides são os principais inseticidas usados para controlar os triatomíneos em todos os países endémicos. A evolução da resistência aos inseticidas converte em ineficiente uma estratégia de controlo químico eficiente. Na Argentina foram detetados diferentes focos de resistência em Triatoma infestans, o vetor mais importante do Cone Sul da América do Sul, associados a deficiências de controlo. Os estudos realizados nesta espécie mostram que a resistência é um problema complexo, visto que evoluiu em várias áreas da distribuição geográfica da espécie. Foram identificados diferentes mecanismos de resistência, associados a modificações em vários processos biológicos e ligados a variações ambientais, havendo uma escassez de alternativas de controlo. Neste manuscrito é apresentada uma revisão do conhecimento sobre a resistência aos piretróides em T. infestans na Argentina.
- Published
- 2021
24. Situação da resistência a inseticidas em Triatoma infestans na Argentina
- Author
-
Mougabure Cueto, Gastón Adolfo and Lobbia, Patricia Alejandra
- Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,TRIATOMA INFESTANS ,RESISTENCIA A INSECTIVIDAS ,PIRETROIDES ,CHAGAS ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] - Abstract
Los insectos triatominos son los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. El control químico de estos insectos es la principal herramienta utilizada para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Los piretroides son los principales insecticidas utilizados para el control de los triatominos en todos los países endémicos. La evolución de resistencia a insecticidas convierte en ineficiente una exitosa estrategia de control químico. En Argentina se han detectado diferentes focos de resistencia en Triatoma infestans, el vector más importante en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica, asociados a deficiencias en el control. Los estudios realizados sobre esta especie muestran que la resistencia es un problema complejo, ya que evolucionó en varias zonas de la distribución geográfica de la especie, se identificaron diferentes mecanismos de resistencia, está asociada a modificaciones en diversos procesos biológicos, está vinculada a variaciones ambientales y hay escasez de alternativas de control. En este manuscrito presentamos una revisión del conocimiento sobre la resistencia a piretroides en T. infestans en Argentina. Os insetos triatomíneos são os vetores da doença de Chagas. O controlo químico desses insetos é a principal ferramenta utilizada para reduzir a incidência da doença. Os piretróides são os principais inseticidas usados para controlar os triatomíneos em todos os países endémicos. A evolução da resistência aos inseticidas converte em ineficiente uma estratégia de controlo químico eficiente. Na Argentina foram detetados diferentes focos de resistência em Triatoma infestans, o vetor mais importante do Cone Sul da América do Sul, associados a deficiências de controlo. Os estudos realizados nesta espécie mostram que a resistência é um problema complexo, visto que evoluiu em várias áreas da distribuição geográfica da espécie. Foram identificados diferentes mecanismos de resistência, associados a modificações em vários processos biológicos e ligados a variações ambientais, havendo uma escassez de alternativas de controlo. Neste manuscrito é apresentada uma revisão do conhecimento sobre a resistência aos piretróides em T. infestans na Argentina. Triatominae (kissing bugs) are the vectors of Chagas disease. Chemical control of these insects is the main tool for reducing the incidence of the disease. Pyrethroids are the main insecticides used for triatomine control in all endemic countries. The evolution of insecticide resistance renders a successful chemical control strategy ineffective. In Argentina, different foci of resistance have been detected in Triatoma infestans—the most important vector in the Southern Cone of South America, which are associated with control deficiencies. The studies conducted on this species show that resistance is a complex problem because it has evolved in several areas of the species’ geographical distribution. Different resistance mechanisms have been identified. Resistance is associated with changes in various biological processes and linked to environmental changes. There is a lack of control alternatives. This paper is a review of the knowledge on pyrethroid resistance in T. infestans in Argentina. Fil: Mougabure Cueto, Gastón Adolfo. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección de Enfermedades Transmisibles por Vectores. Centro de Referencia de Vectores; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Lobbia, Patricia Alejandra. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección de Enfermedades Transmisibles por Vectores. Centro de Referencia de Vectores; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina
- Published
- 2021
25. ESTUDO DA EFICÁCIA 'IN VITRO' DO AMITRAZ E DA DELTAMETRINA COMO CARRAPATICIDA NO CONTROLE DE Boophilus microplus (CANESTRINI, 1887) NA BACIA LEITEIRA DA MICRORREGIÃO DE GOIÂNIA - GOIÁS STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF AMITRAZ AND DELTAMETHRIN AS ACARACIDES AGAINST Boophilus microplus (CAMESTRINI, 1887) IN THE DAIRY AREA OF GOIÂNIA - GOIÁS
- Author
-
Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares, Reinaldo Neves Sobrinho, and Maria do Carmo Lima Silva
- Subjects
Boophilus microplus ,carrapaticida ,amidinas ,piretróides ,bovinos ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Para avaliar a eficácia antiixodídica do amitraz e da deltametrina sobre o Boophilus microplus na bacia leiteira da microrregião de Goiânia - Goiás, foram realizados testes in vitro por imersão de teleóginas, colhidas diretamente de bovinos da região. Os princípios ativos foram ensaiados na concentração de 250 ppm, através da avaliação da percentagem de inibição da reprodução (%INR). Entre eles o amitraz apresentou a melhor eficácia, com valor de 97,11%, estando acima do valor mínimo exigido pelo Ministério da Agricultura para produtos carrapaticidas. A deltametrina apresentou o valor de 70,86%, revelando uma eficácia insatisfatória. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Boophilus microplus; carrapaticida; amidinas; piretróides; bovinos. The efficacy of amitraz and deltamethrin as acaricides against Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) was evaluated through an in vitro immersion test using engorged female ticks collected in the dairy area of the microrregion of Goiânia, State of Goiás. The effectiveness of the experimental compounds, on concentrations of 250 ppm, was determined by the effect as measured in percentages of inhibited reproduction (%INR) after treatments of the ticks with liquid formulations. The results were: amitraz showed the best efficacy with a percentage of inhibited reproduction (%ITR) of 97.11%; for deltamethrin such value was 70.86%, which was considered very low to be used as an acaricide. KEY-WORDS: Boophilus microplus; acaricides; amidines; pyrethroids; cattle.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Avaliação do efeito residual de piretróides sobre anofelinos da Amazônia brasileira Evaluation of the residual effect of pyrethroids on Anopheles in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
-
Roseli La Corte dos Santos, Arnaldo da Silva Fayal, Antonio Edvaldo F Aguiar, Durval Bertran Rodrigues Vieira, and Marinete Marins Póvoa
- Subjects
Anopheles ,Inseticidas ,Controle de vetores ,Malária ,Piretróides ,Efeito residual ,Insecticides ,Vector control ,Malaria ,Pyrethroids ,Residual effect ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a duração do efeito residual de piretróides sobre a mortalidade de anofelinos e verificar sua efetividade na borrifação intradomiciliar em regiões da Amazônia Brasileira. OBJETIVO: O estudo foi desenvolvido no conjunto habitacional, município de Belém, Pará, em 2003. Foram sorteadas 12 casas, três de cada uma das quatro áreas estabelecidas. Foram aplicados nas paredes internas das casas os inseticidas: piretróides cipermetrina pó molhável, deltametrina suspensão concentrada, lambdacialotrina pó molhável e etofemprox pó molhável. Seu efeito sobre a mortalidade de anofelinos foi avaliado durante os meses de julho a novembro. Utilizou-se a técnica de prova biológica de parede com a utilização de cones plásticos e mosquitos selvagens do município de Peixe Boi. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade variou de acordo com o tipo de parede e inseticida aplicado. Os aplicados em madeira e paredes de tijolo sem reboco foram mais estáveis e duradouros. O lambdacialotrina apresentou efeito mais curto que os demais inseticidas e o etofemprox apresentou efeito residual de quatro meses e foi mais efetivo em paredes de tijolo sem reboco. Não houve diferença estatística entre deltametrina e cipermetrina em todas as superfícies testadas, e a duração do efeito residual foi satisfatória até três meses após a borrifação. CONCLUSÕES: Os inseticidas deltametrina e etofemprox apresentaram melhor desempenho quando comparados aos demais. Para esses inseticidas e formulações, deve considerar-se seguro o intervalo de três meses entre aplicações sucessivas. Em comunidades com predomínio de casas de alvenaria rebocadas, deve ser considerada a menor efetividade das formulações, bem como a pertinência do emprego da borrifação residual como método para o controle vetorial na área.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the residual effect of pyrethroids on the mortality rates of Anopheles in order to check their efficacy in indoor residual spraying in the Amazon Region, Brazil. METHODS: The study was conducted in public housing unities in the city of Belem, Northern Brazil, in 2003. Twelve houses were randomly chosen, three in each of the four established areas. Pyrethroids cypermethrin wettable powder, deltamethrin suspension concentrate, lambda-cyhalothrin wettable powder, and etofenprox wettable powder, were sprayed on the indoor wall surface of local houses. Their effects on the mortality of Anopheles were assessed from July to November. Wall bioassay was performed using plastic cones attached to insecticide and wild mosquitoes from the town of Peixe Boi. RESULTS: Mortality rate varied according to the type of wall that received the insecticide. Those inseticides applied to wood and non-plastered brick surfaces were more stable and lasted longer. Lambda-cyhalothrin presented shorter effect than the other insecticides, and Etofenprox had residual effects up to four months and was more effective in non-plastered brick surfaces. There was no statistical difference between the effect of deltamethrin and cypermethrin in all surfaces tested, and the duration of the residual effect was satisfactory up to three months after spraying. CONCLUSIONS: Deltamethrin and Etofenprox presented grater performance when compared to the others. For these insecticides and formulations, a three- month interval between successive applications can be considered safe. In communities with predominance of houses with plastered brick surfaces, the smaller effectiveness of formulations should be considered, together with the importance of residual spraying as a vector control method in the area.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Sublethal Effects of Indoxacarb and Beta-Cypermethrin on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Laboratory Conditions.
- Author
-
Zuo, Yayun, Wang, Kang, Lin, Fangfei, Li, Yuting, Peng, Xiong, Piñero, Jaime C., and Chen, Maohua
- Subjects
- *
CYPERMETHRIN , *RHOPALOSIPHUM padi , *PYRETHROIDS , *WHEAT diseases & pests , *PESTICIDE testing - Abstract
Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a devastating pest of wheat worldwide. Beta-cypermethrin is widely used to control piercingsucking pest insects, including R. padi. Field-applied insecticides gradually descend to sublethal concentrations with the passage of time. Sublethal concentrations of insecticide may affect physiology and behavior of pests, potentially leading to pest resurgence. This study investigated potential sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin and indoxacarb on an experimental population of R. padi. Indoxacarb is a relatively new pesticide with a mechanism of action that is different from that of beta-cypermethrin. The leaf dip method was used to test the acute toxicity of these insecticides to adult aphids, and life tables were constructed to analyze the effects of 2 sublethal concentrations of beta-cypermethrin (B-LC10, B-LC30) and indoxacarb (I-LC10, I-LC30) on the development and reproduction of the F0 and F1 generations of R. padi. Results of these analyses showed that sublethal concentrations of the 2 insecticides can significantly reduce the fecundity and longevity of the F0 generation. Also, sublethal concentrations of both insecticides prolonged the development of nymphs in the subsequent generation. Life table parameters demonstrated that the evaluated insecticides at sublethal concentrations did not stimulate aphid reproductive potential. This information could be important to enable a more effective use of these insecticides in management programs for R. padi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Effects of Timing and Insecticide on Management of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sweet Corn (Poales: Poaceae).
- Author
-
Olmstead, Daniel L. and Shelton, Anthony M.
- Subjects
- *
HELIOTHIS zea , *HELICOVERPA armigera , *SWEET corn , *INSECTICIDES , *INTEGRATED pest control - Abstract
Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the corn earworm, is a key pest of sweet corn (Poales: Poaceae) in many parts of the United States. Integrated pest management (IPM) practices for H. zea in fresh and processing sweet corn use pheromone trap counts of male moths for management decisions. In this study, we examined whether sweet corn could be protected more effectively if insecticides were applied to target the most attractive silking periods for female H. zea oviposition instead of current IPM practices using pheromone trap catches alone. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between insecticide application timing from tassel through silk stages and marketable yield at harvest. We also evaluated the effectiveness of 3 registered insecticide products with different active ingredients (methomyl, chlorantraniliprole, and lambda-cyhalothrin), under various timing scenarios. Results were compared with yields obtained using current IPM recommendations for the northeastern United States. Reduction of H. zea damage in sweet corn among insecticides and timing treatments varied within and between years. In year 1, only interaction effects between insecticide and timing were significant, but in year 2, only main effects of insecticide and timing were significant. Chlorantraniliprole produced inconsistent results in year 1 but had significantly higher percentages of clean sweet corn ears compared with lambda-cyhalothrin in year 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Insecticide Resistance in Triatoma infestans in Argentina
- Author
-
Mougabure-Cueto, Gastón, Lobbia, Patricia A., Mougabure-Cueto, Gastón, and Lobbia, Patricia A.
- Abstract
Triatominae (kissing bugs) are the vectors of Chagas disease. Chemical control of these insects is the main tool for reducing the incidence of the disease. Pyrethroids are the main insecticides used for triatomine control in all endemic countries. The evolution of insecticide resistance renders a successful chemical control strategy ineffective. In Argentina, different foci of resistance have been detected in Triatoma infestans—the most important vector in the Southern Cone of South America, which are associated with control deficiencies. The studies conducted on this species show that resistance is a complex problem because it has evolved in several areas of the species’ geographical distribution. Different resistance mechanisms have been identified. Resistance is associated with changes in various biological processes and linked to environmental changes. There is a lack of control alternatives. This paper is a review of the knowledge on pyrethroid resistance in T. infestans in Argentina., Los insectos triatominos son los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. El control químico de estos insectos es la principal herramienta utilizada para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Los piretroides son los principales insecticidas utilizados para el control de los triatominos en todos los países endémicos. La evolución de resistencia a insecticidas convierte en ineficiente una exitosa estrategia de control químico. En Argentina se han detectado diferentes focos de resistencia en Triatoma infestans, el vector más importante en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica, asociados a deficiencias en el control. Los estudios realizados sobre esta especie muestran que la resistencia es un problema complejo, ya que evolucionó en varias zonas de la distribución geográfica de la especie, se identificaron diferentes mecanismos de resistencia, está asociada a modificaciones en diversos procesos biológicos, está vinculada a variaciones ambientales y hay escasez de alternativas de control. En este manuscrito presentamos una revisión del conocimiento sobre la resistencia a piretroides en T. infestans en Argentina., Os insetos triatomíneos são os vetores da doença de Chagas. O controlo químico desses insetos é a principal ferramenta utilizada para reduzir a incidência da doença. Os piretróides são os principais inseticidas usados para controlar os triatomíneos em todos os países endémicos. A evolução da resistência aos inseticidas converte em ineficiente uma estratégia de controlo químico eficiente. Na Argentina foram detetados diferentes focos de resistência em Triatoma infestans, o vetor mais importante do Cone Sul da América do Sul, associados a deficiências de controlo. Os estudos realizados nesta espécie mostram que a resistência é um problema complexo, visto que evoluiu em várias áreas da distribuição geográfica da espécie. Foram identificados diferentes mecanismos de resistência, associados a modificações em vários processos biológicos e ligados a variações ambientais, havendo uma escassez de alternativas de controlo. Neste manuscrito é apresentada uma revisão do conhecimento sobre a resistência aos piretróides em T. infestans na Argentina.
- Published
- 2021
30. Aerial and Tidal Transport of Mosquito Control Pesticides into the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
- Author
-
R.H Pierce, M.S Henry, T.C Blum, and E.M Mueller
- Subjects
Organofosforados ,piretroides ,naled ,diclorvos ,permetrina ,adulticidas de mosquitos ,Organophosphate ,pyrethroid ,dichlorvos ,permethrin ,mosquito adulticides ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This project was undertaken as the initial monitoring program to determine if mosquito adulticides applied along the Florida Keys cause adverse ecological effects in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS).The study monitored the distribution and persistence of two mosquito adulticides,permethrin and dibrom (naled),during three separate routine applications by the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District.The approach was to determine if toxic concentrations of the pesticides entered the FKNMS by aerial drift or tidal transport.The amount of pesticide entering the FKNMS by way of aerial drift was monitored by collection on glass fiber filter pads,set on floats in a grid pattern on either side of the FKNMS.Permethrin was recovered from filter pads on the leeward side for each of the three applications,ranging from 0.5 to 50.1 µg/m² throughout the study.Tidal current transport was monitored by collection of surface and subsurface water samples at each grid site.Tidal transport of naled and dichlorvos (naled degradation product)was apparent in the adjacent waters of the FKNMS.These compounds were detected in subsurface,offshore water at 0.1 to 0.6 µg/l,14 hr after application.Permethrin was not detected in offshore water samples; however, concentrations ranging from 5.1 to 9.4 µg/l were found in surface water from the canal system adjacent to the application route.Comparison of the observed environmental concentrations with toxicity data (permethrin LC-50,96 hr for Mysidopsis bahia =0.02 µg/l)indicated a potential hazard to marine invertebrates in the canals with possible tidal transport to other areas.Para determinar si los adulticidas de mosquitos,aplicados en los Cayos de la Florida,causan efectos ecológicos adversos en el Santuario Marino Nacional de los Cayos de la Florida,se monitoreó la distribución y persistencia de dos adulticidas de mosquitos.Estos fueron permetrina y dibrom (naled).Se trabajó durante tres aplicaciones rutinarias hechas por la Unidad de Control de Mosquitos de los Cayos de la Florida.La finalidad era determinar si concentraciones tóxicas de los plaguicidas llegaban al santuario por transporte aéreo o por las corrientes de marea.La cantidad de plaguicida que entra por vía aérea fue monitoreada utilizando filtros de fibra de vidrio,montados en flotadores dispuestos sistemáticamente a ambos lados del FKNMS. La Permetrina fue recuperada en filtros a sotavento del santuario durante tres aplicaciones,con un ámbito entre 0.5 y 50.1 µg/m² durante todo el estudio.El transporte por corrientes de marea fue monitoreado recolectando muestras de agua superficiales y subsuperficiales en puntos definidos.Se notó el transporte por mareas de naled y diclorvos (producto degradado de naled)en aguas adyacentes al santuario.Estos compuestos fueron detectados en muestras subsuperficiales en aguas fuera de la costa con concentraciones de 0.1 a 0.6 µg/l,14 hr después de la aplicación.La Permetrina no fue detectada en muestras de agua fuera de la costa;sin embargo,hubo concentraciones de 5.1 a 9.4 µg/l en aguas superficiales del sistema de canales adyacente a la ruta de aplicación. Comparaciones de las concentraciones observadas con información toxicológica (permetrina LC-50,96 hr para Mysidopsis bahia =0.02 µg/l)indican un peligro potencial para invertebrados marinos en los canales y la posibilidad de transporte por mareas a otras áreas.
- Published
- 2005
31. Resistencia do carrapato Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) aos piretroides e organofosforados e o tratamento carrapaticida em pequenas fazendas
- Author
-
Mendes, Marcia Cristina, Prado, Angelo Pires do, 1942-2013, Labruna, Marcleo Bahia, Ribeiro, Odair Benedito, Battesti, Darci Moraes Barros, Andrade, Carlos Fernando Salgueirosa de, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
- Subjects
Organophosphorus compounds ,Carrapatos - Resistencia aos inseticidas ,Boophilus microplus ,Piretroides ,Ticks insecticide resistance ,Pyrethroids ,Compostos organofosforados ,Ticks control ,Carrapatos - Controle - Abstract
Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Entre os ectoparasitos dos animais bovinos, o carrapato ¿ Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) - continua sendo uma das principais causas das perdas econômicas na pecuária do Estado de São Paulo. A situação atual do controle do carrapato caracteriza-se por uma crise na produção de novas moléculas de parasiticidas e o desenvolvimento acelerado da resistência dos parasitas aos produtos usados. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o perfil de sensibilidade do carrapato B. microplus nas fazendas localizadas em alguns municípios do Vale do Ribeira e no município de Pindamonhangaba e propor um sistema de tratamento carrapaticida com base na infestação de paternóginas. Foram realizados testes de larvas - LPT (larval packet test) adotado pela FAO - teste de imersão com a fêmea adulta e o levantamento sobre as práticas de controle adotadas nas duas regiões. Os resultados de resistência para as fazendas de Pindamonhangaba mostraram que, para cipermetrina 15,4% das fazendas foram classificadas como sensível; 7,7% com resistência nível I; 69,2% com resistência nível II e 7,7% com resistência nível III. Para a deltametrina 23% sensível; 38,5% com resistência nível II e 38,5% com resistência nível III. Para o organofosforado clorpirifós 54% mostraram-se sensível; 38,4% com resistência nível I e 7,6% com resistência nível II. A região do Vale do Ribeira apresenta uma média de eficácia inferior a 20% para os piretróides; eficácia entre 49% e 72% para as associações piretróides e organofosforados; 66,83% para o amitraz e acima de 90% para as associações entre os organosfosforados. Para o teste de larvas a cipermetrina apresentou uma porcentagem de 42,85% de amostras sensível; 14,3% com resistência nível I e 42,85% com resistência nível II. Deltametrina, 50% sensível; 25% com resistência nível II e 25% com resistência nível III. O organofosforado clorpirifós mostrou uma porcentagem de 50% de amostras sensível; 25% com resistência nível I e 25% com resistência nível II. Constatouse, para as duas regiões estudadas, a falta de conhecimento dos principais grupos químicos usados no controle dos carrapatos. O produto amitraz é o mais usado e a maioria das fazendas usam o método de pulverização na aplicação dos carrapaticidas. Experimento realizado no ano de 2001 a 2003 num sítio localizado no município de Ibiúna mostrou que a avaliação de infestação de paternóginas do carrapato B. microplus na área do úbere ou escroto e baixo períneo é um critério que pode ser empregado para se determinar a aplicação de carrapaticidas. Quando se realiza a aplicação de carrapaticidas nos animais infestados com bastante paternóginas diminui a infestação de larvas no campo. Testes de bioensaios, usando fêmeas adultas, realizados num intervalo de três meses, e teste de larvas no período de seis meses servem como orientação para o proprietário na avaliação da sensibilidade dos carrapatos aos produtos químicos Abstract: The cattle tick - Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) ¿ is one of the principal causes of economic losses in the cattle farms in São Paulo state. The current situation of the tick control is characterized by a crisis in the production of new molecules with acaricidal properties and by an increasing in the parasites resistance to the products used to control them. The current study aimed to verifying the sensibility profile of tick B. microplus in farms located in the municipalities of Vale do Ribeira and in the region of Pindamonhangaba, and propose a tick control treatment system based on nymph infestation. The resistance diagnosis tests have been carried by the larval bioassay (Larval packet test), adult immersion test and the survey of the tick control practices applied in both regions. The results for the farms at Pindamonhangaba show that to Cypermethrin 15,4% of the farms were classified as sensible, 7,7% resistance level I, 69,2% resistance level II and 7,7% resistance level III. To deltamethrin 23% were considered sensible, 38,5% Resistance level II, and 38,5% resistance level III. To organophosphate chlorpyriphos 54% presented a sensible frame, 38,4% resistance level I and 7,6% resistance level II. The Vale do Ribeira region presents an average efficacy lower than 20% for all pyrethroids; efficacy between 49% and 72% to associations with pyrethroids and organophosphates; 66,83% to amitraz, and over 90% to organophosphates associations. For the larval test, the cypermethrin presented a percentage of 42,85% from samples sensible; 14,3% resistance level I and 42,85% resistance level II. Deltamethrin, 50% sensible; 25% resistance level II and 25% resistance level III. The organophosphate chlorpyriphos presented a percentage of 50% from samples sensible; 25% resistance level I and 25% resistance level II. It has been proved, that for both regions under this study, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the main chemical groups used in the tick control. The amitraz is the most used and most farms apply the pulverization method when performing the tick control. An experiment taken from 2001 to 2003 in a little farm located in the municipality of Ibiúna has shown the evaluation in the infestation of tick B. microplus in the udder area or escrotum and low perineum is a good criteria to be applied in order to determine the application of anti-ticks. When the application of anti-ticks is undertaken on infested animals full of pathenogens, the field larvae infestation is diminished. Bioassay, using engorged female ticks, undertaken at three months intervals and larval packet test undertaken at six months intervals serve as orientation for the owners for the evaluation of ticks¿ sensibility to the chemical products Doutorado Entomologia Doutor em Parasitologia
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Triatomíneos: ação ovicida de alguns piretróides Triatomine: ovicida action of some pyretroids
- Author
-
Vera Lúcia Cortiço Corrêa Rodrigues, Antenor do Nascimento Ferraz Filho, Eduardo Olavo da Rocha e Silva, and George Kenge Ishihata
- Subjects
Inseticida ,Piretróides ,Triatomíneos ,Controle ,Ação ovicida ,Insecticide ,Pyrethroids ,Triatomines ,Control ,Insecticidal action on eggs ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 - Abstract
A ação ovicida dos inseticidas tem sido pouco considerada nas atividades de controle dos transmissores da endemia chagásica. No sentido de comparar o potencial ovicida de três piretróides sintéticos (lambdacialotrina, alphacipermetrina e deltametrina) utilizados no combate aos triatomíneos, os autores realizaram provas em laboratório, cujos resultados, nas condições adotadas, foram favoráveis a lambdacialotrina. As espécies testadas foram Panstrongylus megistus e Triatoma sordida , sendo esta última mais suscetível aos piretróides testados.The insecticidal action on eggs of triatomine have been little considered in the control activitys of Chagas' disease. With objetive of to compare the potential of three synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin,alphacypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin) on eggs, the authors realized laboratory tests. The pyretroid lambdacialotrin is more efficient. The following species were used in this experiment: Panstrongylus megistus and Triatoma sordida. The specie Triatoma sordida is more susceptible with the pyrethroids utilized.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Vigilancia de la resistencia a piretroides en poblaciones naturales de Rhodnius prolixus y Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
- Author
-
Zuluaga Aguirre, Sara, Cantillo Barraza, Omar, Urbano, Plutarco, and Triana Chávez, Omar
- Abstract
Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
34. Susceptibilidade larval de duas populações de Aedes egypti a inseticidas químicos Larval susceptibility to chemical insecticides of two Aedes egypti populations
- Author
-
Jairo Campos and Carlos FS Andrade
- Subjects
Aedes ,Inseticidas derivados do carbamato ,Inseticidas organofosforados ,Piretróides ,Resistência a inseticidas ,Controle de mosquitos ,Insecticides, carbamate ,Insecticides, organophosphate ,Pyrethroids ,Insecticide resistance ,Mosquito control ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: A susceptibilidade dos insetos tem sido um dos mais importantes aspectos a ser monitorados em programas de saúde pública que tratam do controle de vetores. O estudo objetiva avaliar a susceptibilidade de larvas de Aedes aegypti a inseticidas químicos em áreas sujeitas ou não a controle. MÉTODOS: Bioensaios foram realizados com concentração de diagnóstico e concentração múltipla, segundo padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde para as coletas de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em uma área não sujeita -- Campinas, SP -- e em uma outra área sujeita -- Campo Grande, MS -- a tratamentos químicos de controle. RESULTADOS: Larvas de Aedes aegypti coletadas em Campinas indicaram resistência potencial à concentração-diagnóstico (CD) de 0,04 ppm do organofosforado temephos. O teste de concentração múltipla registrou sobrevivência de 24,5% à concentração de 0,0125 ppm. A susceptibilidade dessa mesma linhagem foi avaliada para o organofosforado fenitrothion (CD=0,08 ppm) e o piretróide cipermetrina (CD=0,01 ppm), resultando em valores normais para essas concentrações. Larvas de Ae. aegypti coletadas em Campo Grande mostraram susceptibilidade normal ao temephos (CD=0,04 ppm) e à cipermetrina (CD=0,01 ppm). Também foram estabelecidas as CL50 e as CL95 de cipermetrina 25 CE, cyfluthrin 5 CE, betacyfluthrin 1,25 SC e propoxur 20 CE para Ae. aegypti. Com base nos dados da linhagem-padrão Rockefeller, foram estimadas as razões de resistência de 2,9, 2,2, 2,4 e 1,3, respectivamente, pela CL50, e de 3,5, 2,6, 3,9 e 1,3 pela CL95. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de avaliações prévias e monitoramento da efetividade dos inseticidas que devem ser usados em programas de controle de mosquitos.OBJECTIVE: Insect susceptibility has been one of the most important aspects to be monitored in public health programs for vector control. The purpose of the study is to assess the susceptibility to chemical insecticides of Aedes aegypti larvae in both areas under vector control and no vector control. METHODS: World Health Organization standard bioassays for diagnostic concentration and multiple concentrations were performed in mosquito larvae collected in an area under no vector control (Campinas, SP) and an area under vector chemical control (Campo Grande, MS), in Brazil. RESULTS: Potential resistance to a diagnostic concentration of temephos (DC=0.04 ppm) was registered for an Ae. aegypti larval population collected in Campinas. Multiple concentration tests confirmed the larvae resistance, with 24.5% of them surviving at the 0.0125 ppm concentration. Bioassays with the organophosphate fenitrothion (DC=0.08 ppm) and pyrethroid cypermethrin (DC=0.01 ppm) in the same population revealed their susceptibility to these agents. Bioassays carried out in an Ae. aegypti larval population collected in Campo Grande showed their susceptibility to temephos (DC=0.04 ppm) and cypermethrin (DC=0.01 ppm). LC50 and LC95 for cypermethrin (CE25), cyfluthrin (CE5), betacyfluthrin (SC1.25) and propoxur (CE20) were determined for Ae. aegypti . Using the Rockefeller standard strain values, ratios of resistance were estimated: 2.9, 2.2, 2.4 and 1.3 for LC50 and 3.5, 2.6, 3.9 and 1.3 for LC95, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings reinforce the need for routinely monitoring pesticide efficacy as a very important step in vector control management programs.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Susceptibilidade larval de duas populações de Aedes egypti a inseticidas químicos
- Author
-
Campos Jairo and Andrade Carlos FS
- Subjects
Aedes ,Inseticidas derivados do carbamato ,Inseticidas organofosforados ,Piretróides ,Resistência a inseticidas ,Controle de mosquitos ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
OBJETIVO: A susceptibilidade dos insetos tem sido um dos mais importantes aspectos a ser monitorados em programas de saúde pública que tratam do controle de vetores. O estudo objetiva avaliar a susceptibilidade de larvas de Aedes aegypti a inseticidas químicos em áreas sujeitas ou não a controle. MÉTODOS: Bioensaios foram realizados com concentração de diagnóstico e concentração múltipla, segundo padrão da Organização Mundial de Saúde para as coletas de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em uma área não sujeita -- Campinas, SP -- e em uma outra área sujeita -- Campo Grande, MS -- a tratamentos químicos de controle. RESULTADOS: Larvas de Aedes aegypti coletadas em Campinas indicaram resistência potencial à concentração-diagnóstico (CD) de 0,04 ppm do organofosforado temephos. O teste de concentração múltipla registrou sobrevivência de 24,5% à concentração de 0,0125 ppm. A susceptibilidade dessa mesma linhagem foi avaliada para o organofosforado fenitrothion (CD=0,08 ppm) e o piretróide cipermetrina (CD=0,01 ppm), resultando em valores normais para essas concentrações. Larvas de Ae. aegypti coletadas em Campo Grande mostraram susceptibilidade normal ao temephos (CD=0,04 ppm) e à cipermetrina (CD=0,01 ppm). Também foram estabelecidas as CL50 e as CL95 de cipermetrina 25 CE, cyfluthrin 5 CE, betacyfluthrin 1,25 SC e propoxur 20 CE para Ae. aegypti. Com base nos dados da linhagem-padrão Rockefeller, foram estimadas as razões de resistência de 2,9, 2,2, 2,4 e 1,3, respectivamente, pela CL50, e de 3,5, 2,6, 3,9 e 1,3 pela CL95. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de avaliações prévias e monitoramento da efetividade dos inseticidas que devem ser usados em programas de controle de mosquitos.
- Published
- 2001
36. Clinical safety of dichlorvos (45%), cypermethrin (5%) and piperonyl butoxide (25%) administered by spray on the skin of cattle.
- Author
-
Moraes, Alessandra C., Prado, Ed. J. R., Faria, Vanessa P., Gírio, Thais M. S., Manrique, Wilson G., and Belo, Marco A. A.
- Subjects
- *
DICHLORVOS , *CYPERMETHRIN , *PIPERONYL butoxide , *CATTLE physiology , *BIOLOGICAL assay - Abstract
Objective. Due to the importance of controlling ectoparasites, associated with the necessity of technical knowledge on the safety of topical treatment with organophosphates, pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide to the animal organism, this bioassay was carried out to evaluate the clinical safety of the association of dichlorvos (45%) + cypermethrin (5%) + piperonyl butoxide (25%) administered by spray on the skin of cattle, through the study of clinical parameters, biochemical, haematological and behavioral changes. Materials and methods. Sixteen crossbred animals with a mean age of 18 months, males and females grouped into two treatments with eight animals each: T1 (1:800 v/v) and T2 (1:200 v/v). Were collected blood samples at six different times: before treatment (BT), 24, 48, 72, 96 and 192 hours post treatment (HPT). Results. The antiparasitic association administered by spray on the skin did not result in changes in the enzymatic activity of ALT, AST, GGT and ALP, as well as in serum albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine, demonstrating the safety of this antiparasitic compound for maintaining hepatic and renal functionality. The erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet studies showed no changes caused by treatments, and no clinical signs and behavioral changes were observed after treatment. Conclusions. These findings demonstrated good safety margin for spray treatment on the skin with this antiparasitic compound, even when administered at a dilution of 1:200 v/v, which is four times the dose recommended for ectoparasite control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Insecticide Resistance in Triatoma infestans in Argentina
- Author
-
Gastón Mougabure-Cueto and Patricia A. Lobbia
- Subjects
resistencia a insecticidas ,pyrethroids ,triatoma infestans ,Chagas ,parasitic diseases ,chagas ,Medicine ,piretroides ,insecticide resistance ,resistência a inseticidas ,Triatoma infestans - Abstract
Triatominae (kissing bugs) are the vectors of Chagas disease. Chemical control of these insects is the main tool for reducing the incidence of the disease. Pyrethroids are the main insecticides used for triatomine control in all endemic countries. The evolution of insecticide resistance renders a successful chemical control strategy ineffective. In Argentina, different foci of resistance have been detected in Triatoma infestans—the most important vector in the Southern Cone of South America, which are associated with control deficiencies. The studies conducted on this species show that resistance is a complex problem because it has evolved in several areas of the species’ geographical distribution. Different resistance mechanisms have been identified. Resistance is associated with changes in various biological processes and linked to environmental changes. There is a lack of control alternatives. This paper is a review of the knowledge on pyrethroid resistance in T. infestans in Argentina. Los insectos triatominos son los vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas. El control químico de estos insectos es la principal herramienta utilizada para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Los piretroides son los principales insecticidas utilizados para el control de los triatominos en todos los países endémicos. La evolución de resistencia a insecticidas convierte en ineficiente una exitosa estrategia de control químico. En Argentina se han detectado diferentes focos de resistencia en Triatoma infestans, el vector más importante en el Cono Sur de Sudamérica, asociados a deficiencias en el control. Los estudios realizados sobre esta especie muestran que la resistencia es un problema complejo, ya que evolucionó en varias zonas de la distribución geográfica de la especie, se identificaron diferentes mecanismos de resistencia, está asociada a modificaciones en diversos procesos biológicos, está vinculada a variaciones ambientales y hay escasez de alternativas de control. En este manuscrito presentamos una revisión del conocimiento sobre la resistencia a piretroides en T. infestans en Argentina. Os insetos triatomíneos são os vetores da doença de Chagas. O controlo químico desses insetos é a principal ferramenta utilizada para reduzir a incidência da doença. Os piretróides são os principais inseticidas usados para controlar os triatomíneos em todos os países endémicos. A evolução da resistência aos inseticidas converte em ineficiente uma estratégia de controlo químico eficiente. Na Argentina foram detetados diferentes focos de resistência em Triatoma infestans, o vetor mais importante do Cone Sul da América do Sul, associados a deficiências de controlo. Os estudos realizados nesta espécie mostram que a resistência é um problema complexo, visto que evoluiu em várias áreas da distribuição geográfica da espécie. Foram identificados diferentes mecanismos de resistência, associados a modificações em vários processos biológicos e ligados a variações ambientais, havendo uma escassez de alternativas de controlo. Neste manuscrito é apresentada uma revisão do conhecimento sobre a resistência aos piretróides em T. infestans na Argentina.
- Published
- 2021
38. Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos
- Author
-
Pina, Mariana Almeida and Domingues, Valentina Maria Fernandes
- Subjects
QuEChERS ,Solid-phase extraction ,Cosmetic Industry ,Piretróides ,Indústria da Cosmética ,Organophosphates ,Organoclorados ,Organofosforados ,Cromatografia Gasosa ,Chestnut shell ,Organochlorines ,Pyrethroids ,Extração em fase sólida ,Casca da castanha ,Gas Chromatography - Abstract
Submitted by Ana Maria de Sousa Rebelo (amsr@isep.ipp.pt) on 2022-02-07T11:52:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_MarianaPina_2021_MEQ.pdf: 6065035 bytes, checksum: 65f2e117e207ebccb7da2fda8fa52cc1 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria de Sousa Rebelo (amsr@isep.ipp.pt) on 2022-02-07T11:55:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_MarianaPina_2021_MEQ.pdf: 6065035 bytes, checksum: 65f2e117e207ebccb7da2fda8fa52cc1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-07T11:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_MarianaPina_2021_MEQ.pdf: 6065035 bytes, checksum: 65f2e117e207ebccb7da2fda8fa52cc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021
- Published
- 2021
39. Diagnóstico de la resistencia de haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) a cipermetrina y coumafos en ranchos bovinos de tierra caliente, Guerrero, México.
- Author
-
Laura Yarely Taboada Romero, Jaime Olivares Pérez, Isidro Gutiérrez Segura, María Trinidad Valencia Almazán, Saúl Rojas Hernández, and Alejandro Córdova Izquierdo
- Subjects
mosca ,resistencia ,piretroides ,organofosforados ,mortalidad ,Cattle ,SF191-275 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Se evaluó la resistencia de Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) del ganado bovino por exposición a dosis letal (DL50 y DL99) a los insecticidas Cipermetrina (Piretroide) y Coumafos (Organofosforado) en ranchos de Tierra Caliente del estado de Guerrero, México. Se utilizaron 30 ranchos, colectando de cada uno, 240 moscas de la superficie corporal de los bovinos. Sub-muestras de 20 moscas en triplicado fueron desafiadas a las formulas por la técnica de papel filtro impregnado a dosis concentradas de 2,5; 6,0 y 0 μg/cm2 de Cipermetrina y de 0,01; 0,06 y 0 μg/cm2 de Coumafos durante dos horas. La resistencia de H. irritans a Cipermetrina y Coumafos fue del 100% en los ranchos evaluados, debido a que la mortalidad de moscas promedio fue baja, del 28% a exposición de Cipermetrina y del 10% a exposición de Coumafos. La mortalidad total de moscas fue mayor (P 0,235) en la resistencia de H. irritans hacia las fórmulas. Se concluye que la resistencia generada por H. irritans hacia los insecticidas Cipermetrina y Coumafos en bovinos, de los ranchos de la región Tierra Caliente de Guerrero limita su eficacia para ser utilizados en su control.
- Published
- 2013
40. Clinical, biochemical and haemathological effects in Rhamdia quelen exposed to cypermethrin.
- Author
-
Montanha, F. P., Fredianelli, A. C., Wagner, R., Sacco, S. R., Rocha, D. C. C., and Pimpão, C. T.
- Subjects
CYPERMETHRIN ,HARDHEAD catfish ,ASPARTATE aminotransferase ,ALBUMINS ,ALANINE aminotransferase - Abstract
The article discusses a study on evaluation of biochemical, clinical and hemathological effects Cypermethrin in Silver Catfish (Rhamadia quelen). It mentions that plasmatic protein test and haemogram test were performed and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and albumin were studied. The study concluded that environmental contamination caused by Cypermethrin is toxic for species.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Estudios moleculares de la resistencia a insecticidas en triatominos
- Author
-
Ivana Samanta Sierra and Ons, Sheila
- Subjects
Glutation transferasas ,Biología molecular ,Piretroides ,biology ,Biología ,Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ,biology.organism_classification ,Rhodnius prolixus ,Entomología ,PIRETROIDE ,Ciencias Biológicas ,RESISTENCIA A INSECTICIDAS ,KDR ,Triatoma infestans ,ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS ,Humanities ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Según datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la enfermedad de Chagas es una de las principales enfermedades desatendidas del subcontinente latinoamericano. El agente causante es el parásito protozoario Tripanosoma cruzi, transmitido a humanos por insectos triatominos de distintas especies. Debido a la ausencia de vacunas y tratamientos efectivos para la etapa crónica de la enfermedad, el control del vector sigue siendo el medio elegido para reducir el riesgo de transmisión. Después de casi 30 años de tratamiento con insecticidas piretroides, han emergido poblaciones de Triatoma infestans con altísimos niveles de resistencia, asociadas a fallas en las campañas de control, lo que plantea la necesidad de programas para el manejo de resistencia a nivel regional. Un requerimiento fundamental para ello es la detección temprana de la dispersión de poblaciones e individuos resistentes, así como del surgimiento de nuevos focos. Los piretroides ejercen su acción insecticida modificando el funcionamiento fisiológico de canales proteicos de Na+ dependientes de voltaje (NaV), presentes en la membrana de células excitables. Se conoce como kdr (knockdown resistance) a la reducción en la sensibilidad a piretroides causada por mutaciones puntuales en el gen NaV. El mecanismo de resistencia tipo kdr ha sido descrito en numerosas especies de insectos de interés económico y sanitario. La gran mayoría de las mutaciones correlacionadas con resistencia a piretroides se encuentra en el dominio II de esta proteína. El diseño de ensayos moleculares para detección de mutaciones asociadas a resistencia habilita la detección temprana de dispersión y surgimiento de nuevos focos, al permitir detectar la presencia de dichas mutaciones en insectos individuales, cuando la frecuencia poblacional de las mismas aún es baja. La detección temprana no puede conseguirse con ensayos de toxicidad, que detectan resistencia a nivel poblacional y no individual. En este sentido, en la primera parte de esta Tesis se realizó una evaluación de la sensibilidad y una optimización de los métodos moleculares de detección de mutaciones asociadas a resistencia, seguida de un estudio de la presencia de mutaciones para la región IIS4-IIS6 del gen del canal TiNav presentes en distintas poblaciones de T. infestans resistentes a piretroides provenientes de la ecoregión del Gran Chaco. Por otro lado, a través de una secuencia de TiNav detectada en una base de datos transcriptómica depositada en vector base (https://www.vectorbase.org/), complementada con el clonado y pirosecuenciación de regiones concretas del gen, se obtuvo la secuencia nucleotídica completa del mismo, y se realizó una caracterización bioinformática de la secuencia aminoacídica. Los resultados de esta parte del trabajo podrían tener aplicabilidad en el manejo de resistencia dentro de las campañas de control primario de Chagas. Durante el transcurso de la primera parte de la Tesis hemos encontrado que, aunque las mutaciones en el gen TiNav parecen ser la principal causa de resistencia a piretroides en T. infestans provenientes del Gran Chaco, no toda la resistencia es explicable por estos polimorfismos; distintas poblaciones con la misma frecuencia en una mutación kdr presentaron tasas de resistencia muy variables. Esto puede indicar que existen otros mecanismos de resistencia potencialmente involucrados en el fenómeno, tales como procesos de detoxificación y cambios en la penetrancia cuticular. En la segunda parte de esta Tesis, se realizó un estudio comparativo de la expresión diferentes enzimas detoxificativas entre una población sensible y una resistente de T. infestans provenientes del Gran Chaco. También se estudió la expresión génica en una población sensible expuesta a deltametrina, a fin de estudiar su posible papel en la respuesta detoxificativa a insecticidas piretroides, y posiblemente en la resistencia. Los experimentos mostraron una sobreexpresión de un citocromo P450 del clado 4 en la población resistente de T. infestans del Gran Chaco. No detectamos cambios en la expresión de las enzimas estudiadas cinco horas después de una topicación con deltametrina. Se estudió el rol de una Glutatión Transferasa del clado Delta (deltaGST) en la detoxificación de deltametrina. Se realizaron estudios bioinformáticos y de fisiología molecular usando como modelo Rhodnius prolixus. Se registró un aumento en la letalidad causada por dosis bajas de deltametrina cuando la expresión del gen de gst delta fue disminuida significativamente con técnicas de ARN de interferencia. La llamativa conservación en la estructura, función y farmacología del canal de sodio dependiente de voltaje a través del reino animal, genera que aquellos insecticidas que tengan como blanco esta molécula posean también una toxicidad potencial para otras especies. En este sentido, y teniendo en cuenta que las moléculas del sistema neuroendocrino (neuropéptidos y sus receptores) han sido propuestos como blanco de insecticidas, en el Capítulo 3 se estudió la expresión diferencial de genes precursores de diferentes neuropéptidos entre una población de T. infestans sensible a piretroides y otra resistente, a fin de obtener indicios de su posible papel en procesos asociados a resistencia. Por otra parte, se comparó el efecto de deltametrina en la inducción de la expresión de genes precursores de neuropéptidos en una población susceptible de T. infestans. En el Capítulo 4, a partir de secuencias ortólogas en Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori, Drosophila melanogaster y Tribolium castaneum, se identificaron genes de receptores de neuropéptidos en transcriptomas de T. infestans, Triatoma dimidiata y Triatoma pallidipennis generados en nuestro laboratorio, así como en el genoma de R. prolixus, por medio de búsquedas en bases de datos y análisis filogenéticos. Se espera que esta última parte del trabajo de Tesis aporte conocimientos para ampliar los horizontes en la investigación de posibles nuevos blancos de insecticidas, que sean capaces de reemplazar o complementar a los neurotóxicos dentro de estrategias de manejo integrado de plagas., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Relationship between administered dose, internal dose and adverse effect after acute co-exposure to pyrethroid pesticides in rat
- Author
-
Mosquera Ortega, Mónica Elizabeth, Wolansky, Marcelo Javier, and Villaamil Lepori, Edda C.
- Subjects
MIXTURE ,PYRETHROIDS ,TISSUE CONCENTRATION ,MEZCLA ,BODY TEMPERATURE ,NEUROTOXICIDAD ,TEMPERATURA CORPORAL ,NEUROTOXICITY ,PIRETROIDES ,ADDITIVITY ,CUMULATIVE ,RAT ,DOSIS ADITIVA ,RATA ,CONCENTRACION EN TEJIDO - Abstract
La exposición aguda o crónica de mamíferos (incluyendo humanos) a los plaguicidas modernos puede causar neurotoxicidad. Los piretroides (PIRs) son insecticidas sintéticos cuyo uso en el control de plagas a nivel agrícola y peri-domiciliario se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Se propone que la mayoría de los PIRs comparten el mismo modo primario de acción (MdA) en las plagas (insectos) y en los mamíferos. Para cada PIR administrado de manera individual los estudios previos realizados en ratas adultas reportanque la toxicidad difiere de un compuesto a otro hasta 103veces, ya sea evaluando efectos adversos subletales o letalidad. Si bien existen estudios medioambientales que confirman la exposición simultánea a dosis bajas de múltiples PIRs, se dispone de poca información toxicológica que permita fundamentar empíricamente los rangos de dosis que pueden considerarse inocuos en humanos luego de exposición a combinaciones de PIRs, que es lo que puede ocurrir en la realidad. En este trabajo se expusieron ratas Wistar adultas machos a dosis orales agudas bajas (0,1-12 mg/kg) de PIRs Tipo I (Bifentrina y Teflutrina) y Tipo II (α-Cipermetrina y Deltametrina) a fin de evaluar las curvas dosis-efecto de cada PIR. La variación de temperatura subcutánea (Tsc) se usó como medida de efecto neurotóxico. La Tsc se registró cada 30 minutos durante 5 h, y ~1 h después de finalizar el monitoreo de Tsc se sacrificaron los animales, se extrajeron muestras de sangre, hígado y cerebelo,y se determinó la concentración de cada PIR en los tejidos mediante cromatografía gaseosa con detector de captura de electrones (GC-ECD). Como hipótesis se consideró que la acción combinada de dosis bajas de estos PIRs debía seguir los postulados del “modelo de dosis aditiva” (dose addition) teniendo en cuenta que estos insecticidas tienen un mismo MdAen ratas. Los resultados mostraron que al administrar cada PIR en forma individual o combinada huborelación directa entre la dosis administrada, la concentración en tejidos, y la magnitud del efecto sobre la Tsc. Además, la relación dosis-efecto obtenida, las concentraciones absolutas de los 4 PIRs y sus proporciones (respecto a la carga total de PIRs) en los tejidos examinados luego de la administración de la mezcla sugieren la ausencia de interacción sinérgica y la confirmación de la hipótesis (modelo de dosis aditiva). Este trabajo permite ejemplificar una aproximación metodológica exploratoria para evaluar hipótesis relevantes en los procesos de evaluación de riesgo, especialmente en el caso de escenarios realistas de exposición humana (ambiental, ocupacional o alimentaria) a mezclas de estos plaguicidas. Acute or chronic exposure to modern pesticides maycause neurotoxicityinmammals (including humans). Pyrethroidinsecticides(PYRs) are synthetic compounds increasingly used for agricultural and household pest control. In vivoand in vitroevidence strongly suggest that PYRs share a similar primary Mode of Action (MoA)in pests (insects) and mammals.In general, single-compounddose-effect studies using sublethal effects and lethality as endpoints haveshown that toxicity may differ up to 103-foldacross PYRs in adult rats. There are several environmental studies reportingsimultaneous exposure to low doses ofmultiple PYRs, butlittle toxicological information is available to empirically establishmaximum safe levels of PYRs inhumans after low-dose combined exposure tomultiple PYRs.In this PhD Thesis, male adult Wistar rats were exposed to low acute oral doses (0.1-12 mg/kg)of Type I (Bifenthrin and Tefluthrin) and Type II (α-Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin) PYRsin order to obtainsingle-compound dose-effect curves and identify low-dose levels for every PYR.Subcutaneoustemperature (Tsc)monitoring was conducted for a measure of neurotoxicity. Tscwas recorded every 30 minutes through5 h, and ~ 1 h after animals were sacrificed, blood, liver and cerebellum samples were dissected out, and the concentration of the test PYRs was measured using gas chromatography with an Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECDsystem).As a hypothesis, it was considered that the combined action of low doses of these PYRs should follow the postulates of the “dose addition model” considering that these insecticides share a similar MOAin adult rats.The results showed a direct relationship between the administered dose, the concentration of test chemicals in the tissues, and the magnitude of the Tsc effectin single compound and combined assays. Furthermore, the exposure-dose-effect relationship obtained,the absolute concentrations of the 4 PYRs and their proportions ([PYRi] / Σ[PYRs])in the tissues examined after the administration of themixture did not provide any evidence of synergy, and strongly suggest athe confirmation of the hypothesis (dose addition model).This work allows exemplifying an exploratory methodological approach to evaluate relevant hypotheses in the processes ofrisk assessment, especially in the case of simulations of environmentally relevant scenarios of exposure (dietary,environmentaland/oroccupational) to PYR mixtures in humans. Fil: Mosquera Ortega, Mónica Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
- Published
- 2020
43. Prevalencia de lecherías con Boophilus microplus resistentes a piretroides y factores de riesgo asociados a su presencia en el Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Author
-
Marbel Villarroel Alvarez, Roger Iván Rodríguez Vivas, Fidel Villegas Anze, Hugo Fragoso Sánchez, Alejandrina Ortiz Nájera, and Salvador Neri Orantes
- Subjects
Resistencia ,Ixodicidas ,Boophilus microplus ,Piretroides ,Flumetrina ,Deltametrina ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Se realizó un estudio de sección cruzada para determinar la prevalencia de ranchos con garrapatas Boophilus microplus resistentes a piretroides sintéticos (PS), así como posibles factores de riesgo en la Zona Integrada del Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Se muestrearon 83 ranchos, donde se colectaron al menos 10 teleoginas de B. microplus para evaluar en su progenie la respuesta a los PS. Se utilizó la prueba de paquete de larvas, con la dosis discriminante para diagnosticar resistencia a flumetrina (0.01%), deltametrina (0.09%) y cipermetrina (0.05%). Como referencias se evaluaron tres tipos de conductas reportadas en Australia y México: Marmor resistente a deltametrina y cipermetrina, Parkhurst resistente a flumetrina, deltametrina y cipermetrina, y una conducta encontrada por primera vez denominada Santa Cruz (resistente a deltametrina). Para explorar los potenciales factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de garrapatas resistentes a PS se aplicó una encuesta en cada explotación. La prevalencia de lecherías resistentes a PS fue del 92.7 %. El 42.2 % fue resistente a flumetrina, 88.0 % a deltametrina y 75.9 % a cipermetrina. La prevalencia para cada una de las conductas fue: Marmor 32.5 %, Parkhurst 38.5 % y Santa Cruz 14.4 %. Se identificaron factores de riesgo para las conductas tipo Marmor (pastoreo en areas comunales) y Parkhurst (pastoreo en terreno propio). Se concluye que la prevalencia de lecherías con B. microplus resistentes a PS es un problema actual en la zona, y el tipo de pastoreo es un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de resistencia a los comportamientos tipo Parkhurst y Marmor.
- Published
- 2012
44. DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA RESISTENCIA DE Haematobia irritans (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) A CIPERMETRINA Y COUMAFOS EN RANCHOS BOVINOS DE TIERRA CALIENTE, GUERRERO, MÉXICO.
- Author
-
Taboada-Romero, Laura Yarely, Olivares-Pérez, Jaime, Gutiérrez-Segura, Isidro, Valencia-Almazán, María Trinidad, Rojas-Hernández, Saúl, and Córdova-Izquierdo, Alejandro
- Subjects
INSECTICIDE resistance ,HORN fly ,CYPERMETHRIN ,PYRETHROIDS ,RANCHES ,INSECT mortality - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
45. Identificacao de mutacoes no gene do canal de sodio associadas a resistência em Boophilus microplus por RT-PCR assimetrico de baixa estringencia
- Author
-
Cicero Donizete Pereira, Guilherme Rocha Lino Souza, Mauricio Machaim Franco, and Warwick Estevam Kerr
- Subjects
Boophilus ,Canal de sodio ,Piretroides ,Cipermetrina ,Polimorfismo ,Resistencia ,Agriculture ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
O carrapato bovino (Boophilus microplus), constitui um dos maiores problemas da agropecuária de regiões tropicais e subtropicais, incluindo o Brasil. Altas infestações resultam num significante aumento nos custos de produção devido a reduções de peso, produção de carne e leite. Este carrapato age também como vetor de agentes causadores de babesiose e anaplasmose, que causam a febre bovina, considerada uma das mais importantes doenças destas regiões. O método mais comum de controle envolve o uso de acaricidas, o que é desvantajoso, pois leva à seleção de populações de carrapatos resistentes e ocasiona efeitos danosos aos animais e ao ambiente. Mutações no gene do canal de sódio tem sido observadas, conferindo sítios responsáveis pela insensibilidade ao efeito neurotóxico de piretróides. Para a detecção de prováveis polimorfismos neste gene, em teleóginas resistentes e sensíveis à cipermetrina, utilizou-se a técnica da RT-PCR Assimétrico de baixa estringência (LSART). A detecção de bandas polimórficas sugere a ocorrência de mutações no canal de sódio a partir da posição 2296 do domínio IIIS6 em direção à extremidade 3' do gene, que podem estar relacionadas com a resistência deste ectoparasito à cipermetrina.
- Published
- 2006
46. Pyrethroid toxicity in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen.
- Author
-
Montanha, Francisco P., Galeb, Luciana A. G., Mikos, Jorge D., Ganeco, Luciana N., Pereira, Tiago P., Tanaka, Anne, Kirschnik, Peter G., and Pimpão, Cláudia T.
- Abstract
The article discusses research which examined the lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin in young Silver Catfish on aquatic environment. Particular focus is also given to the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development period of Rhamdia quelen. Ovulation induction was performed on female fishes to identify the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations. Findings revealed that Silver Catfish has shown symptoms of poisoning such as loss of balance and swimming alteration. Results also showed that lethal concentration of Cypermethrin to catfish was 1.71 milligram per liter of water.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Resistencia Bioquímica del Anopheles Aquasalis a Insecticidas Organosintéticos en Zonas Agrícolas del Estado Aragua, Venezuela.
- Author
-
Figueroa Acosta, Luisa Elena
- Subjects
- *
INSECTICIDE resistance , *ANOPHELES , *FARMS , *DISEASE vectors , *CHOLINESTERASE reactivators - Abstract
Anopheles aquasalis is the main vector of malaria in seaside regions of Venezuela; for this reason, that vector is subject to control by health authorities in this area. We investigated in vivo and in vitro the biochemical resistance to organosynthetic insecticides of A. aquasalis from Puerta Negra, Aragua state, using the bottle method and some biochemical tests. Resistance threshold was estimated at 60 minutes exposure to the insecticide. We found cross-resistance to organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion with values of 63.93 minutes at 0.1 ug/mL, also was found alert for cypermethrin, presumed to have cross-resistance between DDT and pyrethroids, considering it has already been detected DDT resistance in this region. It was also found that elevated esterases, acetylcholinesterase and mixed function oxidases are operating as a mechanism of resistance. These results provide valuable scientific information for malaria programs conducted by health authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
48. INTOXICAÇÃO POR DICLORVÓS E CIPERMETRINA EM BOVINOS EM MATO GROSSO -- RELATO DE CASO.
- Author
-
de Souza Mendonça, Fábio, Freitas, Sílvio Henrique, Dória, Renata Gebara Sampaio, de Camargo, Lázaro Manoel, and Evêncio-Neto, Joaquim
- Subjects
POISONING in animals ,COW diseases ,CHOLINESTERASE reactivators ,PYRETHROIDS - Abstract
Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Knockdown resistance mutations ( kdr) and insecticide susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae from Equatorial Guinea.
- Author
-
Moreno, M., Vicente, J. L., Cano, J., Berzosa, P. J., de Lucio, A., Nzambo, S., Bobuakasi, L., Buatiche, J. N., Ondo, M., Micha, F., Do Rosario, V. E., Pinto, J., and Benito, A.
- Subjects
- *
ANOPHELES gambiae , *PYRETHROIDS , *ESTERS , *MALARIA - Abstract
Objectives To determine the frequency of knockdown resistance ( kdr) mutations in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. from continental Equatorial Guinea; and to relate kdr genotypes with susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides in this vector. Methods Female mosquitoes were collected in two villages, Miyobo and Ngonamanga, of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed following WHO procedures. Anopheles gambiae complex specimens were identified to species and molecular form by PCR. Genotyping of the kdr locus was performed by allele-specific PCR and direct sequencing in a subset of samples. Results Both M and S molecular forms of A. gambiae were found in Ngonamanga whereas only the S-form was identified in Miyobo. The two kdr mutations were detected in S-form samples of both villages, with a higher frequency of the kdr-e (Leu-1014-Ser) allele (Miyobo: 16%; Ngonamanga: 40%). The kdr-w (Leu-1014-Phe) mutation was also detected in 3% of the M-form. All individuals tested for pyrethroids were susceptible. A mortality rate of 86% was obtained for DDT. An overall kdr allele frequency (i.e. kdr-e + kdr-w) of 22% was detected in DDT resistant individuals, whereas susceptible individuals had a kdr frequency of 6%. Conclusion The co-occurrence of both kdr mutations and reduced susceptibility to DDT found in A. gambiae highlights the importance of implementing efficient surveillance of insecticide resistance in Equatorial Guinea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Efficacy of pyrethroid-treated nets against malaria vectors and nuisance-biting mosquitoes in Tanzania in areas with long-term insecticide-treated net use.
- Author
-
Kulkarni, Manisha A., Malima, Robert, Mosha, Frank W., Msangi, Shandala, Mrema, Ezra, Kabula, Bilali, Lawrence, Boniface, Kinung'hi, Safari, Swilla, John, Kisinza, William, Rau, Manfred E., Miller, Jane E., Schellenberg, Joanna Armstrong, Maxwell, Caroline, Rowland, Mark, Magesa, Stephen, and Drakeley, Chris
- Subjects
- *
PYRETHROIDS , *MALARIA , *INSECTICIDES , *MOSQUITOES , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
Objective To measure pyrethroid susceptibility in populations of malaria vectors and nuisance-biting mosquitoes in Tanzania and to test the biological efficacy of current insecticide formulations used for net treatment. Methods Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l., An. funestus Giles s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say were collected during three national surveys and two insecticide-treated net (ITN) studies in Tanzania. Knockdown effect and mortality were measured in standard WHO susceptibility tests and ball-frame bio-efficacy tests. Test results from 1999 to 2004 were compared to determine trends in resistance development. Results Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. were highly susceptible to permethrin (range 87–100%) and deltamethrin (consistently 100%) in WHO tests in 1999 and 2004, while Culex quinquefasciatus susceptibility to these pyrethroids was much lower (range 7–100% and 0–84% respectively). Efficacy of pyrethroid-treated nets was similarly high against An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. (range 82–100%) while efficacy against Cx. quinquefasciatus was considerably lower (range 2–100%). There was no indication of development of resistance in populations of An. gambiae s.l. or An. funestus s.l. where ITNs have been extensively used; however, susceptibility of nuisance-biting Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes declined in some areas between 1999 and 2004. Conclusion The sustained pyrethroid susceptibility of malaria vectors in Tanzania is encouraging for successful malaria control with ITNs. Continued monitoring is essential to ensure early resistance detection, particularly in areas with heavy agricultural or public health use of insecticides where resistance is likely to develop. Widespread low susceptibility of nuisance-biting Culex mosquitoes to ITNs raises concern for user acceptance of nets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.