1,011 results on '"pineal"'
Search Results
2. Zebrafish Dark‐Dependent Behavior Requires Phototransduction by the Pineal Gland.
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Wexler, Yair, Huang, Dengfeng, Medvetzky, Adar, Armbruster, Daniel, Driever, Wolfgang, Yan, Jun, and Gothilf, Yoav
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PINEAL gland , *CELL anatomy , *CIRCADIAN rhythms , *PHOTORECEPTORS , *OSTEICHTHYES - Abstract
Located dorsally underneath a thin translucent skull in many teleosts, the pineal gland is a photoreceptive organ known as a key element of the circadian clock system. Nevertheless, the presence of additional routes of photoreception presents a challenge in determining its specific roles in regulating photic‐related behavior. Here, we show the importance of the pineal gland in mediating a prolonged motor response of zebrafish larvae to sudden darkness, both as a photodetector and as a circadian pacemaker. This was evident by a reduced motor response of Bsx‐deficient larvae, lacking a pineal gland, to sudden darkness. Moreover, the typical daily rhythm of the intensity of this response was lost in the pineal‐less larvae. In contrast, motor response to a sudden increase in illumination was unaffected. Furthermore, we show that the pineal‐mediated behavioral response to darkness requires two elements: the photoreceptor cells and the projecting neurons. Dark response was impaired in larvae whose pineal photoreceptor cells were genetically ablated and in larvae whose pineal projecting neurons had undergone laser‐axotomy. This study thus establishes the pineal gland as a mediator of dark‐dependent behavior and reveals underlying cellular components involved in transducing information about darkness to the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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3. Melatonin and Bacterial Cellulose Regulate the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines, VEGF, PCNA, and Collagen in Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats.
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da Silva, Jaiurte Gomes Martins, de Melo, Ismaela Maria Ferreira, Alves, Érique Ricardo, de Oliveira, Glícia Maria, da Silva, Anderson Arnaldo, Cavalcanti, Isabela Macário Ferro, Araujo, Diego Neves, Pinto, Flávia Cristina Morone, de Andrade Aguiar, José Lamartine, Wanderley Teixeira, Valéria, and Coelho Teixeira, Álvaro Aguiar more...
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WOUND healing , *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors , *SKIN injuries , *PROLIFERATING cell nuclear antigen , *COMMERCIAL agents , *HEALING - Abstract
The poor healing of diabetic wounds is characterized by prolonged inflammation and decreased collagen deposition. Diabetic patients exhibit changes in the plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the role of specific dressings may have an impact on healing. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a combined treatment comprising a bacterial cellulose dressing and melatonin application on the regulation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, VEGF, PCNA, and collagen in the healing of cutaneous wounds of diabetic rats. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, along with PCNA and type I and III collagen, were evaluated after 14 days. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF, along with an increased expression of PCNA and type I collagen, in the groups treated exclusively with melatonin and bacterial cellulose associated with melatonin compared to the control and the commercial healing agent. It was concluded that treating the skin lesions of diabetic animals supplemented with melatonin using a bacterial cellulose-based dressing has positive effects in regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen, showing that this association could be a viable therapy approach in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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4. Embryonal and pineal tumours.
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Reznicek, Joseph, Sharifai, Nima, Jamshidi, Pouya, Wadhwani, Nitin, and Ahrendsen, Jared T.
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PINEAL gland , *CENTRAL nervous system , *BRAIN tumors , *MOLECULAR diagnosis , *MEDULLOBLASTOMA - Abstract
Embryonal and pineal tumours represent a diverse group of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. While many of the small round blue cell tumours that make up the embryonal neoplasms share similar histologic qualities, there are several morphologic and cytologic characteristics that are useful in distinguishing different tumour types. Similarly, pineal parenchymal tumours represent clinically diverse tumours, ranging from benign to overtly malignant. The most recent iteration of the World Health Organization Classification of CNS Tumours expanded greatly on the significance of molecular alterations in brain tumour diagnostics. In this article, we summarize the salient cytologic and histologic features of CNS embryonal and pineal tumours, and highlight diagnostically relevant molecular alterations within each tumour type. In the article by Reznicek et al., the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the cytologic, histologic, and molecular features of embryonal tumours and pineal gland tumours of the central nervous system. Integrating high‐quality photomicrographs with the most up‐to‐date knowledge of molecular diagnostics, the article will serve as an invaluable resource for practicing pathologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. From the Pineal Gland to the Central Clock in the Brain: Beginning of Studies of the Mammalian Biological Rhythms in the Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
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ILLNEROVÁ, Helena
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BIOLOGICAL rhythms ,CHRONOBIOLOGY ,SUPRACHIASMATIC nucleus ,PINEAL gland ,MELATONIN - Abstract
The Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) has been involved in the field of chronobiology, i.e., in research on temporal regulation of physiological processes, since 1970. The review describes the first 35 years of the research mostly on the effect of light and daylength, i.e., photoperiod, on entrainment or resetting of the pineal rhythm in melatonin production and of intrinsic rhythms in the central biological clock. This clock controls pineal and other circadian rhythms and is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. During the early chronobiological research, many original findings have been reported, e.g. on mechanisms of resetting of the pineal rhythm in melatonin production by short light pulses or by long exposures of animals to light at night, on modulation of the nocturnal melatonin production by the photoperiod or on the presence of high affinity melatonin binding sites in the SCN. The first evidence was given that the photoperiod modulates functional properties of the SCN and hence the SCN not only controls the daily programme of the organism but it may serve also as a calendar measuring the time of a year. During all the years, the chronobiological community has started to talk about “the Czech school of chronobiology”. At present, the today´s Laboratory of Biological Rhythms of the Institute of Physiology CAS continues in the chronobiological research and the studies have been extended to the entire circadian timekeeping system in mammals with focus on its ontogenesis, entrainment mechanisms and circadian regulation of physiological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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6. Primary Melanoma of the Pineal Gland Case Report and Review of the Literature.
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Rotariu, Daniel, Iliescu, Bogdan F., Dumitrescu, Gabriela, Nita, Antonia, and Costachescu, Bogdan
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LITERATURE reviews , *PINEAL gland , *THERAPEUTICS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *HYDROCEPHALUS , *MELANOMA - Abstract
Pineal-region tumors are a histologically heterogeneous group of tumors and represent a rare occurrence, accounting for less than 1% of all adult intracranial tumors. Among these, primary pineal malignant melanomas (PPM) represent an even rarer entity, with only twenty-five cases being reported in the literature to date. We present the case of a 65-year-old patient who presented in our department for progressive headache, gait disturbance and memory impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a solid mass in pineal region, measuring 2.2 × 1.2 × 2.0 cm and causing obstructive hydrocephalus. He underwent a third ventriculostomy, but we failed to obtain a sample for diagnostic purposes. The intraoperative surprise was the presence, at the level of the third ventricle, of multiple melanin deposits, which were not picked up by the MRI. Although the biopsy could not be performed and had to be obtained by stereotactic biopsy in a second intervention, the endoscopy findings allowed for the correct staging of the intracranial disease and appropriate treatment management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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7. A comparison of the extent of resection in pineal region tumours via the occipital transtentorial and supracerebellar infratentorial approaches.
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Richards, Oliver, Gelder, Chloe, Nisar, Saira, Wang, Kaiwen, Goodden, John, Chumas, Paul, and Tyagi, Atul
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OCCIPITAL lobe , *CHILD patients , *TUMORS , *SURGICAL complications , *MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
To perform a single unit review of surgical approaches to the pineal region, looking to ascertain if trends were identifiable regarding the extent of resection and the rate of post-operative complications between approaches. We hypothesised that each approach would offer different exposure of the pineal region which may result in poor access to certain areas of the tumour. This may lead to residual tumour in reliable and predictable locations, and an awareness of these regions could help with pre-operative planning and lead to higher levels of suspicion when inspecting these regions intraoperatively. We performed a single centre, retrospective review of all adult and paediatric patients who underwent surgical debulking of pineal region tumours between 2008 and 2019. Patient demographics, pre- and post- operative radiological tumour volume data, histology and complication rates were compared between the two groups. The occipital transtentorial approach resulted in a significantly lower extent of resection when compared to the supracerebellar infratentorial approach (p = 0.04), even after multivariate analysis (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between the location of residual tumour relative to the superior colliculi between the two approaches (p = 1.00). There was a significant incidence of radiological occipital lobe ischaemia from the occipital transtentorial approach (p = 0.04). Within our series, we did not demonstrate a consistent location of residual tumour relative to the surgical approach chosen. Whilst there was a significant difference with regards to the extent of resection between approaches, in the context of small comparative groups this is difficult to draw far-reaching conclusions from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Introduction and reflections on the comparative physiology of sleep and circadian rhythms.
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Foster, Russell G.
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COMPARATIVE physiology , *SLEEP physiology , *CIRCADIAN rhythms , *ROTATION of the earth , *COMPARATIVE method - Abstract
Circadian rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle allows us, and most life on Earth, to function optimally in a dynamic world, adjusting all aspects of biology to the varied and complex demands imposed by the 24-hour rotation of the Earth upon its axis. A key element in understanding these rhythms, and the success of the field in general, has been because researchers have adopted a comparative approach. Across all taxa, fundamental questions relating to the generation and regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms have been address using biochemical, molecular, cellular, system and computer modelling techniques. Furthermore, findings have been placed into an ecological and evolutionary context. By addressing both the "How" – mechanistic, and "Why" – evolutionary questions in parallel, the field has achieved remarkable successes, including how circadian rhythms are generated and regulated by light. Yet many key questions remain. In this special issue on the Comparative Physiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Journal of Comparative Physiology, important new discoveries are detailed. These findings illustrate the power of comparative physiology to address novel questions and demonstrate that sleep and circadian physiology are embedded within the biological framework of an organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. Clinicopathological spectrum of central nervous system germ cell tumors: A single-institution retrospective study
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Sreelekha Appasani, Neelima Radhakrishnan, and Anitha Mathews
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bi/multifocal ,central nervous system ,germ cell tumors ,germinoma ,mixed germ cell tumor ,pineal ,suprasellar ,Pathology ,RB1-214 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Context: Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNSGCTs) though rare is the second most common extragonadal site for GCTs. Aims: To determine the clinicopathological features of CNSGCTs diagnosed at our center. Settings and Design: A retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed CNSGCTs, during 2006-2019. Materials and Methods: The patients’ data were retrieved from the hospital information systems and analyzed. Statistical Analysis: Data on categorical variables were analyzed as percentages, and data on continuous variables calculated as mean. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to study association between variables. Results: Of the total 34 cases with CNSGCT, age ranged from 1 to 27 years, majority in the second decade (19/34; 56%). Male: female (M: F) ratio was 1.6:1. Single site involvement was seen in 27 cases (27/34; 79%), whereas seven (7/34; 21%) showed bi/multifocal involvement. Among the unifocal cases, common sites involved were suprasellar (12/27; 44.4%), closely followed by the pineal (10/27; 37%). All multifocal tumors affected suprasellar compartment, being bifocal with pineal in four cases. A male gender predilection was noted among pineal region (9/10;90%) and multifocal tumors (5/7;71%). Germinoma was the commonest subtype (21/34; 61.8%) with male gender predilection (17/21; 81%) (M: F =4.3:1), with female predilection seen among mixed GCTs (MGCTs) (8/10; 80%) (M: F =1:4) and suprasellar location (M: F =1:2). Serum tumor markers (25 cases) and CSF markers (7 cases) were concordant with histology in all, except two cases. Conclusion: Though histology and immunohistochemistry were diagnostic, correlation between serum and/or CSF marker was essential to rule out GCT component(s) that may be missed on biopsy due to sampling error. more...
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- 2023
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10. Role of melanocortin system in the locomotor activity rhythms and melatonin secretion as revealed by agouti‐signalling protein (asip1) overexpression in zebrafish.
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Godino‐Gimeno, Alejandra, Leal, Esther, Chivite, Mauro, Tormos, Elisabeth, Rotllant, Josep, Vallone, Daniela, Foulkes, Nicholas S., Míguez, Jesús M., and Cerdá‐Reverter, Jose Miguel
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MUSCULOSKELETAL system , *PHYSIOLOGY , *SECRETION , *BRACHYDANIO , *MELANOCORTIN receptors - Abstract
Temporal signals such as light and temperature cycles profoundly modulate animal physiology and behaviour. Via endogenous timing mechanisms which are regulated by these signals, organisms can anticipate cyclic environmental changes and thereby enhance their fitness. The pineal gland in fish, through the secretion of melatonin, appears to play a critical role in the circadian system, most likely acting as an element of the circadian clock system. An important output of this circadian clock is the locomotor activity circadian rhythm which is adapted to the photoperiod and thus determines whether animals are diurnal or nocturnal. By using a genetically modified zebrafish strain known as Tg (Xla.Eef1a1:Cau.asip1)iim04, which expresses a higher level of the agouti signalling protein 1 (Asip1), an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin system, we observed a complete disruption of locomotor activity patterns, which correlates with the ablation of the melatonin daily rhythm. Consistent with this, in vitro experiments also demonstrated that Asip1 inhibits melatonin secretion from the zebrafish pineal gland, most likely through the melanocortin receptors expressed in this gland. Asip1 overexpression also disrupted the expression of core clock genes, including per1a and clock1a, thus blunting circadian oscillation. Collectively, these results implicate the melanocortin system as playing an important role in modulating pineal physiology and, therefore, circadian organisation in zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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11. The TIGR triangle of the pineal region: a virtual reality anatomic study.
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Saez-Alegre, Miguel, Rios-Vicil, Christian I., Alvarez, Ana Sofia, Sagrati, John, Piper, Keaton, and Jean, Walter C.
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VIRTUAL reality , *TRIANGLES , *CEREBRAL veins , *SPATIAL orientation , *CEREBELLUM - Abstract
Background: In this morphometric study, we describe the anatomy of the TIGR triangle, which is bordered by the tentorial surface of the cerebellum, the internal cerebral vein and vein of Galen complex, and the vein of Rosenthal. These structures define the window, or deep keyhole, to access the pineal region in non-midline supracerebellar infratentorial approaches. Methods: The posterior fossa anatomy of 16 patients was studied in virtual reality (VR), and the TIGR triangles were defined and measured with special attention on its angular orientation in the posterior fossa. The angular expanse of the posterior fossa was measured and recorded as the transverse-sigmoid junction (TSJ) angle. Because a perpendicular corridor through an anatomic aperture provides the best exposure, we studied the starting point along the TSJ angle that offers the best exposure of TIGR. Results: In the 31 posterior fossa sides included in the study, the perpendicular trajectory through the TIGR triangle was on average 27.13° CI 95% (range: 5.97°–48.53°) from the midline. When comparing the SCIT variants, both the paramedian and lateral approaches provided near-perpendicular trajectory through the TIGR triangle in a majority of specimens. However, the modified paramedian approach, with starting point defined as TSJ angle/3, provided the most perpendicular path through the TIGR triangle. Conclusion: We studied the size, spatial orientation, and morphology of the TIGR triangle. Our data indicated that the best exposure of TIGR is through a modified paramedian SCIT approach, in which the starting point one third of the way from midline to the TSJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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12. Pineal cysts in children: a paediatric series treated over the last twenty years in Lyon.
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Szathmari, Alexandru, Vasiljevic, Alexandre, Di Rocco, Federico, Beuriat, Pierre-Aurélien, and Mottolese, Carmine
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PRECOCIOUS puberty , *PINEAL gland , *CYSTS (Pathology) , *PEDIATRICS , *INTRACRANIAL hypertension , *MEDICAL databases - Abstract
Background: Pineal cysts are a rare lesion of the pineal gland. Pineal cysts are benign lesions, generally asymptomatic, and are usually an incidental discovery on MRI performed for other problems. The management of pineal cysts in children remains a matter for debate. Here, we report our own retrospective paediatric cases that have been surgically treated and review the paediatric literature on this topic. Methods: This is a retrospective monocentric study. All patients operated by the senior author (CM) for a benign pineal cyst from 2000 to 2021 were included. All other pineal region cystic lesions were excluded. Medical and surgical data were extracted from the hospital medical database. Results: Twelve patients were included. The clinical symptomatology was characterized by headaches in seven patients, visual troubles in two patients, precocious puberty in one patient, signs of intracranial hypertension in two patients, seizures associated with headache in one patient, and headaches associated with behavioural troubles in another patient. No major post-operative complications were observed in this series. It is to noted that surgery was performed because a suspicion of a true pineal parenchymal tumour has been made. Histopathological study came back with the diagnosis of pineal cyst. Conclusions: Pineal cyst is rare. If the radiological diagnosis is clear, no surgery is advocated except in cases associated with hydrocephalus and rapid growth. In case of a suspicion of a true pineal parenchymal tumour, a surgery may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Lastly, we stress that only cystic lesions of the pineal gland itself should be considered as pineal cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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13. The Diencephalon
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Kadri, Paulo Abdo do Seixo and Kadri, Paulo Abdo do Seixo
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- 2023
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14. Melatonin Induced in Cancer as a Frame of Zebrafish Model
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Madhu, Nithar Ranjan, Sarkar, Bhanumati, Roychoudhury, Shubhadeep, Behera, Biplab Kumar, Pathak, Surajit, editor, Banerjee, Antara, editor, and Bisgin, Atil, editor
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- 2023
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15. Surgical Anatomy of the Quadrigeminal Cistern and Pineal Gland Surgical anatomy of the quadrigeminal cistern and pineal gland
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Welling, Leonardo Christiaan, Rabelo, Nicollas Nunes, Bertani, Raphael, Gallo, Bruno Henrique Dallo, Figueiredo, Eberval Gadelha, Figueiredo, Eberval Gadelha, editor, Rabelo, Nícollas Nunes, editor, and Welling, Leonardo Christiaan, editor more...
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- 2023
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16. Pineal Gland Physiology and Aging-Related Alterations in the Circadian Timing System
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Bharti, Vijay K., Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R., Subramanian, Perumal, Rattan, Suresh I.S., Editor-in-Chief, Barbagallo, Mario, Editorial Board Member, Çakatay, Ufuk, Editorial Board Member, Fraifeld, Vadim E., Editorial Board Member, Fülöp, Tamàs, Editorial Board Member, Gruber, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Jin, Kunlin, Editorial Board Member, Kaul, Sunil, Editorial Board Member, Kaur, Gurcharan, Editorial Board Member, Le Bourg, Eric, Editorial Board Member, Lopez Lluch, Guillermo, Editorial Board Member, Moskalev, Alexey, Editorial Board Member, Nehlin, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Pawelec, Graham, Editorial Board Member, Rizvi, Syed Ibrahim, Editorial Board Member, Sholl, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Stambler, Ilia, Editorial Board Member, Szczerbińska, Katarzyna, Editorial Board Member, Trougakos, Ioannis P., Editorial Board Member, Wadhwa, Renu, Editorial Board Member, Wnuk, Maciej, Editorial Board Member, and Jagota, Anita, editor more...
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- 2023
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17. Endoscopic biopsy of pineal tumors: two burr hole trans-foramen of Monro approach and endonasal trans-tuber cinereum approach.
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Kim, Yong Hwy, Phi, Ji Hoon, Kim, Seung-Ki, and Wang, Kyu-Chang
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PINEAL gland , *HYDROCEPHALUS , *BIOPSY , *INTRACRANIAL pressure , *TUMORS - Abstract
Introduction: The pineal region is a challenging area for neurosurgeons due to its innate anatomical features, such as its deep location, surrounding large draining veins, and adjacent critical neural structures. Discussion: There is a high proportion of malignant tumors in the pineal gland, especially in children, and they are frequently accompanied by obstructive hydrocephalus. These cases require that surgical procedures can make a pathological diagnosis to guide further treatment strategies and immediately resolve increased intracranial pressure. Simultaneous endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy have been regarded as the first-line surgical intervention before establishing a definite treatment plan. However, it is not always successful because various factors affect the surgical procedures, such as the location and extent of the tumor, degree of ventriculomegaly, location and size of the massa intermedia, and size of the foramen of Monro. Conclusion: Here, we briefly reviewed the points to be considered in endoscopic biopsy of pineal tumors and introduced an alternative surgical procedure, the endoscopic endonasal trans-tuber cinereum approach, to surmount the anatomical hurdles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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18. Editorial: Hormone release patterns in mammals.
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Kauffman, Alexander and Hoffmann, Hanne
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Anterior pituitary ,Hormone ,Hypothalamus ,Melatonin ,Neuroendocrine ,Pineal ,Pulses ,Release ,Secretion ,Animals ,Circadian Rhythm ,Hormones ,Humans ,Mammals ,Melatonin ,Secretory Pathway - Abstract
Many physiological systems rely on hormones to communicate and time cellular and tissue-level functions. Most endocrine systems are dynamic and governed by complex regulatory systems and/or feedback mechanisms to generate precise patterns and modes of hormone release in order to optimize control of physiological and cellular processes. This Special Issue focuses on hormone release patterns (ultradian, infradian, pulsatile, circadian), with a special emphasis on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis as well as melatonin release, and how these patterns of hormone secretion change during life stages and disease. more...
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- 2020
19. Editorial: Hormone release patterns in mammals
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Kauffman, Alexander S and Hoffmann, Hanne M
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Estrogen ,Neurosciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Sleep Research ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Animals ,Circadian Rhythm ,Hormones ,Humans ,Mammals ,Melatonin ,Secretory Pathway ,Hormone ,Release ,Secretion ,Pulses ,Anterior pituitary ,Hypothalamus ,Pineal ,Neuroendocrine ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Genetics ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Many physiological systems rely on hormones to communicate and time cellular and tissue-level functions. Most endocrine systems are dynamic and governed by complex regulatory systems and/or feedback mechanisms to generate precise patterns and modes of hormone release in order to optimize control of physiological and cellular processes. This Special Issue focuses on hormone release patterns (ultradian, infradian, pulsatile, circadian), with a special emphasis on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis as well as melatonin release, and how these patterns of hormone secretion change during life stages and disease. more...
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- 2020
20. Primary Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors: A Study with an Integrated Clinicopathological Approach.
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Sahay, Ayushi, Epari, Sridhar, Chinnaswamy, Girish, Chatterjee, Abhishek, Goda, Jayant Sastri, Patil, Vijay, Moyiadi, Aliasgar, Shetty, Prakash, Singh, Vikas, Sahu, Arpita, Choudhary, Amit, Janu, Amit, and Gupta, Tejpal more...
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PROGNOSIS , *CLINICAL pathology , *TUMOR markers , *GERM cell tumors , *GERMINOMA - Abstract
Background and Objective: Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs) are rare and are histologically classified as germinomas and non‑germinomatous with distinctive prognostic and therapeutic implications. ICGCTs, essentially due to the inherent difficulty of surgical access, pose different challenges and management connotations than their extracranial counterparts. This is a retrospective analysis of histologically verified ICGCTs, which was undertaken to evaluate various clinicopathological features and their implications on patient management. Materials and Methods: Eighty‑eight histologically diagnosed cases (over 14 years) of ICGCT at our institute formed the study cohort and were classified into germinoma and non‑germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs). Additionally, germinomas were further subdivided on the basis of 1) tumor marker (TM) levels, as germinoma with normal TM, mildly elevated TM, and markedly elevated TM and 2) radiology features, as germinomas with typical radiology and atypical radiological features. Results: ICGCT with age ≤6 years (P = 0.049), elevated TM (P = 0.047), and NGGCT histology (P < 0.001) showed significantly worse outcomes. Furthermore, germinomas with markedly elevated TM and certain atypical radiological features showed prognosis akin to NGGCT. Conclusions: Analysis of our largest single cancer center Indian patient cohort of ICGCT shows that inclusion of age ≤6 years, raised TM, and certain radiological features may assist clinicians in overcoming the limitations of surgical sampling, with better prognostication of histologically diagnosed germinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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21. Pineal Tumors
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Martinez-Perez, Rafael, Downes, Angela, Youssef, A. Samy, and Youssef, A. Samy, editor
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- 2022
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22. Surgical Anatomy of the Third Ventricle
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Chaddad-Neto, Feres, Silva da Costa, Marcos Devanir, Chaddad-Neto, Feres, and Silva da Costa, Marcos Devanir
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- 2022
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23. Mixed germ cell tumor of the pineal gland in a pediatric patient
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Serbeze Kabashi, MD, Ilir Ahmetgjekaj, Edlira Harizi, MD, Fjolla Hyseni, MD, Erisa Kola, MD, Valon Vokshi, MD, Guri Hyseni, MD, Ina Kola, MD, Humza Haroon, MD, Masum Rahman, MD, Kledisa Shemsi, MD, Arlind Decka, MD, Livia Capi, MD, Kaltrina Goçaj, MD, and Juna Musa, MD, MSc more...
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Pineal ,Intracranial germinoma ,MRI ,Chemotherapy ,Radiation ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Tumors of the pineal region are a rare clinical entity, comprising approximately 3%-8% of pediatric tumors. Based on their histopathological features, they are typically classified as pineal parenchymal tumors and germ cell tumors, with the latter being more prevalent. Clinical presentation is heterogeneous, with symptoms arising either due to tumor invasion or compression of adjacent neurovascular structures and increased intracranial pressure. Imaging studies are paramount in evaluating pineal region lesions and establishing an accurate diagnosis, with MRI representing the gold standard. Herein, we present the case of a 16-year-old boy presented with recurrent headaches. A head MRI revealed a pineal gland lesion. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient underwent a successful gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor. This case report seeks to draw attention to the elusive clinical presentation and management of this infrequently encountered tumor, as well as emphasize the importance of considering pineal gland tumors in the differential diagnosis of recurrent, chronic headaches in pediatric patients. more...
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- 2022
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24. All pineal tumors expressing germ cell tumor markers are not necessarily germ cell tumors: histopathological and molecular study of a midline primary intracranial sarcoma DICER1-mutant.
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Wolf, Thibaut, Coca, Andres Hugo, Weingertner, Noelle, Chenard, Marie Pierre, Meurgey, Alexandra, Reita, Damien, Pencreach, Erwan, Varlet, Pascale, Entz-Werlé, Natacha, and Lhermitte, Benoît
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Primary intracranial sarcoma DICER1-mutant is a rare and newly recognized tumor type introduced in the 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors. It is defined as a spindle cell sarcoma dysplaying eosinophilic intracytoplasmic globules, myogenic differentiation, and DICER1 gene mutation, either somatic or germline. Most reported cases were hemispheric except one, recently described in the pineal region. Here, we report the case of a 12 year-old boy with a pineally located tumor. Despite midline location, poorly differenciated morphology and germ cell marker expression, the association of DICER1 and NF1 hotspot mutations and a specific DNA methylation signature finally lead to the diagnosis of primary intracranial sarcoma DICER1-mutant instead of germ cell tumor. Furthermore, our molecular exploratory results involved a pathway, which was not previously evidenced in those DICER1 mutated cerebral sarcoma that is the canonical Wnt signaling driving likely a part of oncogenesis in this newly described pineal entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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25. Vision and retina evolution: How to develop a retina
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Bernd Fritzsch and Paul R. Martin
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Opsin ,Retina ,Neuropore ,Pineal ,Retinal ganglion cell ,Eye ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Early in vertebrate evolution, a single homeobox (Hox) cluster in basal chordates was quadrupled to generate the Hox gene clusters present in extant vertebrates. Here we ask how this expanded gene pool may have influenced the evolution of the visual system. We suggest that a single neurosensory cell type split into ciliated sensory cells (photoreceptors, which transduce light) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC, which project to the brain). In vertebrates, development of photoreceptors is regulated by the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Neurod1 whereas RGC development depends on Atoh7 and related bHLH genes. Lancelet (a basal chordate) does not express Neurod or Atoh7 and possesses a few neurosensory cells with cilia that reach out of the opening of the neural tube. Sea-squirts (Ascidians) do not express Neurod and express a different bHLH gene, Atoh8, that is likely expressed in the anterior vesicle. Recent data indicate the neurosensory cells in lancelets may correspond to three distinct eye fields in ascidians, which in turn may be the basis of the vertebrate retina, pineal and parapineal. In this review we contrast the genetic control of visual structure development in these chordates with that of basal vertebrates such as lampreys and hagfish, and jawed vertebrates. We propose an evolutionary sequence linking whole-genome duplications, initially to a split between photoreceptor and projection neurons (RGC) and subsequently between pineal and lateral eye structures. more...
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- 2022
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26. Incidental findings based on anatomical location and clinical significance in CBCT scans of dental implant patients.
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Mutalik, Sunil, Rengasamy, Kandasamy, and Tadinada, Aditya
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CONE beam computed tomography ,CALCIFICATION ,DENTAL implants ,RADIOGRAPHY ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging - Abstract
Objective: Several incidental findings with varying degrees of clinical significance are often found on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the maxillofacial skeleton acquired for dental procedures. The present study analyzed CBCT scans of dental implant therapy patients to identify incidental findings and assign those findings an appropriate clinical significance. Method and Materials: A total of 500 CBCT scans of patients were evaluated for this study. The incidental findings recorded in different anatomical regions were assigned a clinical significance score of mild, moderate, or severe. These findings were further segregated based on age and sex to evaluate specific trends for prevalence of incidental findings and their clinical significance. Results: Out of the 298 intracranial findings, four were categorized as moderate. Out of 407 sinonasal findings, 19 were categorized as severe. Most (43%) of the airway findings were classified as mild. Among the cervical vertebrae findings the severe category included degenerative changes and vertebral-body fusion along with other degenerative changes. Most (259 [51.8%]) of the vascular findings were categorized as severe. Conclusion: Patients referred for dental implant treatment present with a myriad of incidental radiographic findings in the head and neck region. It is important that care providers recognize and understand these findings so appropriate care and timely intervention may be initiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
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27. Circ-ERC2 Is Involved in Melatonin Synthesis by Regulating the miR-125a-5p/MAT2A Axis.
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Guo, Hai-Xiang, Zheng, Yi, Zhao, Guo-Kun, Wang, Hao-Qi, Yu, Song, Gao, Fei, Zhang, Jia-Bao, Zhang, Yong-Hong, and Yuan, Bao
- Subjects
- *
CIRCULAR RNA , *PINEAL gland , *MELATONIN , *NON-coding RNA , *ENZYME regulation , *CIRCADIAN rhythms - Abstract
The circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in the pineal gland is highly conserved in vertebrates. Melatonin levels are always elevated at night. Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT) is the last enzyme in the regulation of melatonin biosynthesis (N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-melatonin). S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an important methyl donor in mammals and can be used as a substrate for the synthesis of melatonin. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) catalyzes the synthesis of SAM from methionine and ATP and has a circadian rhythm. CircRNA is an emerging type of endogenous noncoding RNA with a closed loop. Whether circRNAs in the pineal gland can participate in the regulation of melatonin synthesis by binding miRNAs to target mat2a as part of the circadian rhythm is still unclear. In this study, we predicted the targeting relationship of differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs based on the results of rat pineal RNA sequencing. Mat2a siRNA transfection confirmed that mat2a is involved in the synthesis of melatonin. Circ-ERC2 and miR-125a-5p were screened out by software prediction, dual-luciferase reporter experiments, cell transfection, etc. Finally, we constructed a rat superior cervical ganglionectomy model (SCGx), and the results showed that circ-ERC2 could participate in the synthesis of melatonin through the miR-125a-5p/MAT2A axis. The results of the study revealed that circ-ERC2 can act as a molecular sponge of miR-125a-5p to regulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland by targeting mat2a. This experiment provides a basis for research on the circadian rhythm of noncoding RNA on pineal melatonin secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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28. Winter madness: Melatonin as a neuroendocrine regulator of seasonal aggression.
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Munley, Kathleen M., Han, Yuqi, Lansing, Matt X., and Demas, Gregory E.
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- *
ANIMAL aggression , *SEASONS , *PHYSIOLOGY , *MELATONIN - Abstract
Individuals of virtually all vertebrate species are exposed to annual fluctuations in the deterioration and renewal of their environments. As such, organisms have evolved to restrict energetically expensive processes and activities to a specific time of the year. Thus, the precise timing of physiology and behavior is critical for individual reproductive success and subsequent fitness. Although the majority of research on seasonality has focused on seasonal reproduction, pronounced fluctuations in other non‐reproductive social behaviors, including agonistic behaviors (e.g., aggression), also occur. To date, most studies that have investigated the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying seasonal aggression have focused on the role of photoperiod (i.e., day length); prior findings have demonstrated that some seasonally breeding species housed in short "winter‐like" photoperiods display increased aggression compared with those housed in long "summer‐like" photoperiods, despite inhibited reproduction and low gonadal steroid levels. While fewer studies have examined how the hormonal correlates of environmental cues regulate seasonal aggression, our previous work suggests that the pineal hormone melatonin acts to increase non‐breeding aggression in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) by altering steroid hormone secretion. This review addresses the physiological and cellular mechanisms underlying seasonal plasticity in aggressive and non‐aggressive social behaviors, including a key role for melatonin in facilitating a "neuroendocrine switch" to alternative physiological mechanisms of aggression across the annual cycle. Collectively, these studies highlight novel and important mechanisms by which melatonin regulates aggressive behavior in vertebrates and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the neuroendocrine bases of seasonal social behaviors broadly. Research Highlights: Few studies have examined seasonal regulation of social behaviorsRecent work suggests melatonin acts via steroids to increase non‐breeding aggressionEvidence of conserved role for melatonin in modulating mammalian seasonal social behaviors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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29. Clinical experience and outcomes in patients with pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID): a single-institution analysis.
- Author
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Webb, Mason, Johnson, Derek R., Mahajan, Anita, Brown, Paul, Neth, Bryan, Kizilbash, Sani H., and Sener, Ugur
- Abstract
Purpose: Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) is a neoplasm of pinealocyte origin and of intermediate differentiation (WHO grade 2 or 3). Treatment selection and prognostication is challenging for this rare, recently characterized tumor. In this single study, we review our clinical experience in patients with PPTID as well as pooled data from two other institutions. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients seen at Mayo Clinic, with additional data pooled from two similar studies at outside institutions for comparison and further analysis. Results: Ten adult patients (6 male) were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 36 years (range 13–73 years). Patients were followed between 3 and 88 months with no reported deaths. The most common presenting symptom was headache, followed by nausea. Nine patients had local disease without neuroaxial dissemination at diagnosis, one of which had tumor recurrence at 36 months. Two patients underwent gross total resection (GTR) without adjuvant radiation without recurrence (PFS 4 and 46 months). In our combined analysis, we reviewed 36 patients from three different institutions. Four patients presented with disseminated disease. GTR was achieved for 16 patients. Twenty-eight patients received adjuvant radiation therapy and 16 patients experienced disease recurrence. Median overall survival was 44 months. Conclusion: Our single institution experience and combined multi-institution analysis suggest GTR is associated with improved outcomes. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy and utility of CSI compared to focal RT is less unclear. Prospective study is required to identify optimal adjuvant therapy selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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30. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Pineal Gland Metastasis.
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Aydın, Nevin, Saylısoy, Suzan, and Yıldız, Bulent
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PINEAL gland abnormalities ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging of the brain ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,NEUROBLASTOMA ,RADIOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2022
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31. Molecular expression of clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata).
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Lalpekhlui, Ruth, Renthlei, Zothanmawii, and Trivedi, Amit Kumar
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- *
MOLECULAR clock , *CLOCK genes , *GENE expression , *TISSUES , *HYPOTHALAMUS , *BIOLOGICAL rhythms , *TELENCEPHALON , *RETINA - Abstract
To synchronize with the fluctuating environment, organisms have evolved an endogenous time tracking mechanism referred to as the biological clock(s). This clock machinery has been identified in almost all cells of vertebrates and categorized as central and peripheral clocks. In birds, three independent circadian clocks have been identified in the hypothalamus, the pineal and the retina which interact and generate circadian time at a functional level. However, there is a limited knowledge of molecular clockwork and integration between central and peripheral clocks in birds. Therefore, we studied the daily expression of clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per2, Cry1, Npas2, Rev-Erbα, E4bp4, Pparα, Hlf and Tef) in three central circadian clocks (hypothalamus, pineal and retina), other brain areas (cerebellum, optic tectum and telencephalon) and in the peripheral tissues (liver, intestine, muscle and blood) of white-rumped munia. Adult birds were exposed to equinox photoperiod (12 L:12D) for 2 weeks and were then sampled (N = 5 per time point) at six-time points (ZT1, ZT5, ZT9, ZT13, ZT17 and ZT21). Daily expressions of clock genes were studied using qPCR. We observed daily variations and tissue-specific expression patterns for clock genes. These results are consistent with the autoregulatory circadian feedback loop proposed for the mammalian system and thus suggest a conserved tissue-level circadian time generation in white-rumped munia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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32. Conserved and diverged asymmetric gene expression in the brain of teleosts
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Carolina Agostini, Anja Bühler, Alessandra Antico Calderone, Narendar Aadepu, Cathrin Herder, Felix Loosli, and Matthias Carl
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brain asymmetry ,medaka ,zebrafish ,habenula ,pineal ,parapineal ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Morphological left-right brain asymmetries are universal phenomena in animals. These features have been studied for decades, but the functional relevance is often unclear. Studies from the zebrafish dorsal diencephalon on the genetics underlying the establishment and function of brain asymmetries have uncovered genes associated with the development of functional brain asymmetries. To gain further insights, comparative studies help to investigate the emergence of asymmetries and underlying genetics in connection to functional adaptation. Evolutionarily distant isogenic medaka inbred lines, that show divergence of complex traits such as morphology, physiology and behavior, are a valuable resource to investigate intra-species variations in a given trait of interest. For a detailed study of asymmetry in the medaka diencephalon we generated molecular probes of ten medaka genes that are expressed asymmetrically in the zebrafish habenulae and pineal complex. We find expression of eight genes in the corresponding brain areas of medaka with differences in the extent of left-right asymmetry compared to zebrafish. Our marker gene analysis of the diverged medaka inbred strains revealed marked inter-strain size differences of the respective expression domains in the parapineal and the habenulae, which we hypothesize may result from strain-specific gene loss. Thus, our analysis reveals both inter-species differences but also intra-species plasticity of gene expression in the teleost dorsal diencephalon. These findings are a starting point showing the potential to identify the genetics underlying the emergence and modulations of asymmetries. They are also the prerequisite to examine whether variance in habenular gene expression may cause variation of behavioral traits. more...
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- 2022
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33. Supracerebellar Infratentorial Keyhole Approach in Sitting Position Using 3-Dimensional Exoscope and Angled Endoscope for a Giant Pineal Tumor.
- Author
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Dhandapani, Sivashanmugam and Gendle, Chandrashekhar
- Subjects
- *
DEPTH of field , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *SITTING position , *SURGICAL excision , *BRAIN stem - Abstract
Pineal tumors are rare but surgically challenging due to their deep location and proximity to major veins and brainstem. 1,2 Getting a biopsy along with an endoscopic third ventriculostomy is essential before surgical resection. 3,4 The supracerebellar infratentorial approach provides direct symmetrical exposure of the pineal region inferior to the vein of Galen. 5,6 3-Dimensional (3D) exoscopes are increasingly used due to better ergonomics, greater depth of field, and equivalent image quality of microscope. The endoscope provides angled optics to visualize hidden areas of tumor adherent to neurovascular structures, avoiding blind dissection. These become especially advantageous during suboccipital keyhole surgery in the sitting position, which averts both cerebellar retraction and frequent soiling of the endoscope. In this case of a giant pineal papillary tumor in a 16-year-old patient, we used both a 3D-exoscope and a 45-degree angled endoscope complementarily (Video 1). The tumor underwent straight-ahead internal decompression using an exoscope. Once some space became available, the angled endoscope was inserted to excise the tumor initially in the inferior aspect and then rotated toward either side to dissect the tumor from the basal veins of Rosenthal. Lastly, the superior pole stuck to the undersurface of the vein of Galen was gradually excised. There were no neurologic deficits. Histopathology was a high-grade papillary tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed gross total resection. This is probably the first report of a supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach for gross total resection of a giant pineal tumor, effectively using the better ergonomics and depth of field of a 3D exoscope along with angled optics provided by an endoscope, resulting in an excellent outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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34. Tumors of the Pineal Gland
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Al Ramadan, Abdullah Husain, Al-Dandan, Sadeq Wasil, Abdulqader, Muthanna Noaman, Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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35. Interesting Cases of Pineal Gland Diseases and Surgery
- Author
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Al-Fotih, Gobran Taha, Hoz, Samer S., Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
36. Animal Based Surgical Training in Pineal Approaches
- Author
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Hoz, Samer S., Darwazeh, Rami, Abdulqader, Mohammed Sabah, Alaawadi, Osama Majeed, Muhammed, Gulshan Talat, Abdullateef, Awfa Aktham, Jassam, Aysar Khudhair, Abdulreda, Alyaa Khadim, Al-Saadi, Hayder Ali, Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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37. Treatment and Approaches for the Pineal Gland Region
- Author
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Muhsen, Baha’eddin A., Borghei-Razavi, Hamid, Hoz, Samer S., Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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38. Neuroimaging of the Pineal Gland
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Alvis-Miranda, Hernando, Kafury-Benedetti, Kalil, Molina-Olier, Osvaldo, Ponce-Iglesias, Fernando, Adnan Shamkhi, Mustafa, Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Non-tumorous Lesions of the Pineal Gland
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Majovsky, Martin, Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
40. Embryology of the Pineal Gland
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Narváez-Rojas, Alexis Rafael, González-Torres, Juan Bosco, Dolachee, Ali A., Mahmood, Ali Odai, Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
41. Anatomy of the Pineal Gland
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Narváez-Rojas, Alexis Rafael, Dolachee, Ali A., Alkhafaji, Aktham O., Almurayati, Mustafa E., Al-Dhahir, Mohammed Ali, Salih, Hayder R., Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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42. Physiology of the Pineal Gland
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Narváez-Rojas, Alexis Rafael, Moscote-Salazar, Luis R., Dolachee, Ali A., Alrawi, Mohammed Ameen, Neamah, Ali M., AlBanaa, Saja A., Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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43. Evolutionary Retrace of the Third Eye
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Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, Hoz, Samer S., editor, Dolachee, Ali A., editor, Salih, Hayder R., editor, Aljuboori, Zaid S., editor, Selbi, Wisam D., editor, Al-Dayri, Giath, editor, and Al-Salihi, Mohammed Maan, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Melanopsin elevates locomotor activity during the wake state of the diurnal zebrafish.
- Author
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Dekens, Marcus P. S., Fontinha, Bruno M., Gallach, Miguel, Pflügler, Sandra, and Tessmar-Raible, Kristin
- Abstract
Mammalian and fish pineals play a key role in adapting behaviour to the ambient light conditions through the release of melatonin. In mice, light inhibits nocturnal locomotor activity via the nonvisual photoreceptor Melanopsin. In contrast to the extensively studied function of Melanopsin in the indirect regulation of the rodent pineal, its role in the intrinsically photosensitive zebrafish pineal has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is not evident if the light signalling mechanism is conserved between distant vertebrates, and how Melanopsin could affect diurnal behaviour. A double knockout of melanopsins (opn4.1-opn4xb) was generated in the diurnal zebrafish, which manifests attenuated locomotor activity during the wake state. Transcriptome sequencing gave insight into pathways downstream of Melanopsin, implying that sustained repression of the melatonin pathway is required to elevate locomotor activity during the diurnal wake state. Moreover, we show that light induces locomotor activity during the diurnal wake state in an intensity-dependent manner. These observations suggest a common Melanopsin-driven mechanism between zebrafish and mammals, while the diurnal and nocturnal chronotypes are inversely regulated downstream of melatonin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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45. Single-entry two-stage rotational outside-in technique for simultaneous ventriculostomy and pineal region biopsy using traditional ventricular endoscope: technical note and comparative review.
- Author
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Dhandapani, Sivashanmugam, Jani, Parth, and Sahoo, Sushant K.
- Subjects
- *
BIOPSY , *AQUEDUCTS , *CATHETERS , *FORCEPS , *VISUALIZATION , *SCHWANNOMAS - Abstract
Background: Many methods are reported for simultaneous endoscopic 3rd ventriculostomy and posterior 3rd ventricular biopsy with their pros and cons. We describe a novel single-entry two-stage rotational outside-in technique using the common 6° ventriculoscope and contrast this with others. Technique: Using a single burr hole, at the line extended from aqueduct through the larger foramen of Monro in parasagittal imaging, the ventricular endoscope is first inserted with 6° angled view anteroinferior, the tip of endoscope sheath just beyond the anterior part of the foramen, and ventriculostomy performed using flexible catheter's beveled cut end and balloon in a curvilinear trajectory using peripheral visualization. Keeping camera in the same orientation, it is then rotated 180° having 6° angled view postero-inferior, endoscope sheath traversing the posterior part of the foramen close to the posterior 3rd ventricular target, and biopsy obtained with rigid forceps. This technique overcomes some of the limitations of other methods by exploiting the flexible catheters and the rotational advantage of the 6° angle of the traditional ventriculoscope. Conclusion: Our single burr hole two-stage rotational technique for simultaneous third ventriculostomy and posterior third ventricular biopsy seems to be an excellent alternative to other methods which can be used with both traditional 6° and greater angled ventriculoscopes without any significant deterrent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Combined Microscopic and Endoscopic Surgery for Pineal Region Meningiomas Using the Occipital-Parietal Transtentorial Approach.
- Author
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Ding, Yu, Sun, Liang, Hu, Yukun, Zhai, Weiwei, Zhang, Liexiang, Yu, Zhengquan, Wu, Jiang, and Chen, Gang
- Subjects
VISUAL fields ,ENDOSCOPIC surgery - Abstract
Objective: Pineal region meningiomas are deeply located and adjacent to critical neurovascular structures, making them one of the most challenging areas to access. The authors presented a combined microscopic and endoscopic surgery and investigated its value in resecting pineal region meningiomas. Methods: Twelve patients with pineal region meningiomas from February 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent combined microscopic and endoscopic surgery using the occipital-parietal transtentorial approach. Perioperative clinical, surgical, and radiographic data were collected. Results: The endoscope provided a wider view and increased visualization of residual tumors. All tumors were completely resected, and none of the patients died. Total resection was believed to have been achieved in four patients, but the residual tumor was detected after endoscopic exploration and was completely resected with an endoscope. Only one patient had transient visual field deficits. No recurrence was observed during follow-up. Conclusions: Combined microscopic-endoscopic surgery for pineal region meningiomas eliminates microscopic blind spots, thus compensating for the shortcomings of the traditional occipital transtentorial approach. It is a promising technique for minimally invasive maximal resection of pineal region meningiomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Opposite effects of photoperiod and temperature on circadian rhythms of pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferas (AANAT) activity and circulating levels of thyroid hormones in airbreathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus.
- Author
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Premabati, Yumkhaibam, Singh, Kshetrimayum Manisana, and Gupta, Braj Bansh Prasad
- Subjects
- *
CLARIAS gariepinus , *CIRCADIAN rhythms , *THYROID hormones , *ARYLALKYLAMINE N-acetyltransferase , *TEMPERATURE effect - Abstract
Effects of different photoperiods (9L-15D, 12L-12D and 15L-9D at a constant temperature 25 ± 1°C) and simulated temperatures (15°C, 25°C and 35°C under a common photoperiod 12L-12D) were investigated on the circadian rhythms of plasma levels of thyroid hormones [thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)] and pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity in the fish, Clarias gariepinus during winter and summer seasons. Irrespective of the seasons, plasma levels of thyroid hormones (THs) and pineal AANAT activity exhibited circadian rhythm under all the photoperiodic regimes and simulated temperatures. The levels of THs were found to be directly related to the length of photoperiod as well as temperature. In contrast, pineal AANAT activity was inversely related to the length of photoperiod and temperature. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that photoperiod and temperature jointly regulate the inverse temporal relationship between the circadian rhythms of plasma levels of THs and pineal AANAT activity in C. gariepinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Combined Microscopic and Endoscopic Surgery for Pineal Region Meningiomas Using the Occipital-Parietal Transtentorial Approach
- Author
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Yu Ding, Liang Sun, Yukun Hu, Weiwei Zhai, Liexiang Zhang, Zhengquan Yu, Jiang Wu, and Gang Chen
- Subjects
meningiomas ,pineal ,endoscope ,trans-bitentorial approach ,falcotentorial junction ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
ObjectivePineal region meningiomas are deeply located and adjacent to critical neurovascular structures, making them one of the most challenging areas to access. The authors presented a combined microscopic and endoscopic surgery and investigated its value in resecting pineal region meningiomas.MethodsTwelve patients with pineal region meningiomas from February 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent combined microscopic and endoscopic surgery using the occipital-parietal transtentorial approach. Perioperative clinical, surgical, and radiographic data were collected.ResultsThe endoscope provided a wider view and increased visualization of residual tumors. All tumors were completely resected, and none of the patients died. Total resection was believed to have been achieved in four patients, but the residual tumor was detected after endoscopic exploration and was completely resected with an endoscope. Only one patient had transient visual field deficits. No recurrence was observed during follow-up.ConclusionsCombined microscopic-endoscopic surgery for pineal region meningiomas eliminates microscopic blind spots, thus compensating for the shortcomings of the traditional occipital transtentorial approach. It is a promising technique for minimally invasive maximal resection of pineal region meningiomas. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Red or Blue Light? Which One Is Better? Is There a Right Answer?
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Preto, Sandra, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Arezes, Pedro Miguel Ferreira Martins, editor more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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50. 20 Pineal Region Tumors
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Bruce, Jeffrey N., Teo, Charles, Evans, James J., editor, Kenning, Tyler J., editor, Farrell, Christopher, editor, and Kshettry, Varun R., editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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