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The Cheria region in Northeastern Algeria has been facing aquifer overexploitation by the agricultural sector and prolonged droughts, resulting in a considerable decline in groundwater levels. This study investigates the feasibility of implementing artificial recharge techniques to replenish the Eocene aquifer which serves as the primary water source in the Cheria region. A 3D transient numerical model, based on the finite difference method, was used to simulate groundwater flow from 2021 to 2031 using Visual MODFLOW Flex. During the modelling process, three scenarios were considered: (1) including pumping without a recharge, (2) recharge of the entire area through efficient infiltration without pumping, and (3) artificial recharge using river water infiltration basins at two sites, Draa Douamis sinkholes and Eocene limestone outcrops. The simulation results showed that aquifer exploitation without recharge caused significant drawdowns, which were 3 m to 7 m in the north-eastern part and 8 m to 12 m in the central and southern parts. In contrast, the second scenario, involving recharge without pumping, showed a rise in groundwater levels of 2 m to 2.7 m in the north-eastern part and 3 m to 3.62 m in the central and southern parts. The third scenario, employing artificial recharge, indicated a positive response to artificial recharge, with increased piezometric levels at the proposed sites, signifying a beneficial impact on the aquifer. These findings underline the potential of artificial recharge as a promising approach to address the groundwater depletion and environmental issues in the Cheria Basin.

Rural communities in Mexico and other countries with limited economic resources require a low-cost measurement system for the piezometric level and temperature of groundwater for their sustainable management, since anthropogenic action (pumping extractions), natural recharge and climate change phenomena affect the behavior of piezometric levels in the aquifer and its sustainability is at risk. Decrease in the piezometric level under a balanced level promotes salt intrusion from ocean water to the aquifer, salinizing and deteriorating the water quality for agriculture and other activities; and a decrease in water level under the pumps or well drilling depth could deprive communities of water. Water temperature monitoring is essential to determine electric conductivity and dissolved salt content in groundwater. Using IoT technology, a device was developed that monitors both variables inside the well, and the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure outside the well. The measurements are made in real time, with sampling every second and sending data to a dedicated server every 15 min so that the visualization can be accessed through a device with Internet access. The time series of the variables measured inside and outside the well were obtained over a period of three months in the rural community of Agua Blanca, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. Through these records, a progressive temporary drawdown of the piezometric level is observed, as well as the frequency of pumping. This low-cost IoT system shows potential use in hydrological processes of interest such as the separation of regional and local flow, drawdown rates and recognition of geohydrological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Morocco, the scarcity of rainfall is linked to global warming and to the overexploitation of groundwater due to demographic and socio-economic pressures, which generates a major problem, namely a significant decline of the piezometric level. The goal of this study is to assess the piezometric and rainfall levels of the groundwater in the Angads aquifer, which is one of the most important in the Eastern part of Morocco. To do so, graphs were drawn from the piezometric data of three piezometers, namely AP1, AP2, and AP3 located respectively in the Eastern, Central, and Western part of the country, and from the rainfall data of the Oujda station during the period from 1985 to 2015. The main results revealed a fluctuation in rainfall over time, with an increase recorded in 2009. Indeed, the results of the variation of piezometric levels over the years generally showed a downward trend, especially in the area between the aquifer outlet and the Maghnia plain in Algeria, while the results of the assessment of the piezometric land rainfall levels over time generally show a downward trend. In the face of this decline, effective strategies need to be considered to protect these resources from depletion, including artificial recharge of the aquifer, wastewater reuse which aims to restore an aquifer overexploited by excessive pumping, whose drawdown is detrimental, and multi-purpose water storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late 1999, extensive groundwater extraction within the Sahara aquifer system has been investigated. In this study we analyze the overexploitation of the thermal groundwater stored in the Continental Intercalary aquifer in the Algerian province of Ghardaia. The Saharan aquifer system is recognized by a large number of over 8800 boreholes and springs, on which 3500 operate the Continental Intercalary series and 5300 operate the Terminal complex. This work describes the groundwater order problem of overexploitation and the flows that exploit this hydrothermal system to be identified and analyzed. We have negative impacts on groundwater in that region due to the practice of certain activities which directly affect the quantity causing the water level of the aquifer to be lowered. Using theoretical context, water quality status can be assessed and recommendations suggested. Results show that we have 387.86 million m3 /yr of flow today which is determined 30 m drawdowns. Measures need to be taken until the effects of the appeal become irreversible and the legal system instruments need practical applicability to prevent this context from extending to other areas.

Groundwater is an important resource for any economy, excessive withdrawal of which can change the hydrological set-up leading to land subsidence and other hazardous situation in the region. With increasing population and industrialisation, the demand for water is growing and the easiest way being, tapping the groundwater resources. An effort is given to analyse the practice of groundwater level in Kolkata by studying field-based pre-monsoon and post-monsoon piezometric level data for past two decades, using GIS. The result is analysed using GIS approach applying the inverse distance weightage application. It is evident that the water level in the city fluctuates between 10 and 20 mbgl; there has been a fall of up to 5.5 m in the past decade. Exploitation of groundwater reserve has led to formation of trough which has been observed at several locations like Dumdum, Jhautala, Sinthi, Bagbazar, Jadavpur and Park Street. There has been a shift in the depletion zone from the south-central, central to northern part of the city. At few locations, there has been a lag between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon levels, which is an indication of variation in recharge and also huge abstraction. With increase in population, the demand for water is on the rise which can be compared from the growth rate of some selected wards of the city where depletion was noticed to be on the rise but there still remains few places in the city where the depletion curve more or less remains constant. The rate of depletion with respect to increase in population is evident in western section and southern section of city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late 1999, extensive groundwater extraction within the Sahara aquifer system has been investigated. In this study we analyze the overexploitation of the thermal groundwater stored in the Continental Intercalary aquifer in the Algerian province of Ghardaia. The Saharan aquifer system is recognized by a large number of over 8800 boreholes and springs, on which 3500 operate the Continental Intercalary series and 5300 operate the Terminal complex. This work describes the groundwater order problem of overexploitation and the flows that exploit this hydrothermal system to be identified and analyzed. We have negative impacts on groundwater in that region due to the practice of certain activities which directly affect the quantity causing the water level of the aquifer to be lowered. Using theoretical context, water quality status can be assessed and recommendations suggested. Results show that we have 387.86 million m3/yr of flow today which is determined 30 m drawdowns. Measures need to be taken until the effects of the appeal become irreversible and the legal system instruments need practical applicability to prevent this context from extending to other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial recharge is a good way to mobilize water in aquifers and recharge groundwater. Dam release is one of the techniques used for groundwater recharge. The periodic releases programmed by the Kef Eddir dam make it possible to recharge the Damous wadi aquifer located in the coastal wilaya of Tipaza in Algeria, whose overexploitation lowers the level of its water and causes a marine intrusion that pollutes it. In this work, to estimate the impact of these releases on aquifer recharge, we followed the releases of March 2020 and May 2021. The piezometric levels of groundwater were measured before the releases, during flow caused by them, and after them. These measures concern 13 wells located along the Damous wadi watercourse for the first year and 18 wells for the second year. These two years have seven wells in common. It allowed us to compare piezometric levels and recharges between 2020 and 2021. In the absence of releases on our return in May and June 2022, we measured the depth of water presence and took samples from 6 wells to measure the water conductivity. These measurements allow us to evaluate the piezometry of the water table over these three years, and the conductivity will indicate the degree of salinity of its water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Haouz aquifer is undergoing climatic aridity and anthropic pressure largely related to the agricultural sector. In this study, special attention was given to the main factors that have a direct impact on the fluctuations of the piezometric level (PL). Different statistical analyses (cross-correlations, PCA, cascading analysis) of the relationship between these factors were applied here. The results identify three distinct groundwater operating systems. The first is manifested in areas dominated by groundwater irrigation. The correlation is insignificant between the PL and surface water (R ≤ ±0.3). The natural balance of the water cycle is then disturbed causing a pronounced deficit in the PL. The second system is perceptible in areas dominated by irrigation from surface water, while the third system is noticeable in Bour areas, cultivated in rainfed mode. For both systems, the hydrological cycle is preserved, and the contribution of surface water to groundwater recharge is noticeable (±0.4 ≤ R ≤ ±1). Drought transfer between the water cycle components occurs in a cascading process for both systems. These results can help decision-makers to identify the risks related to groundwater vulnerability to climatic variability and overexploitation in the Haouz region, allowing for the promotion of efficient groundwater management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The importance of considering groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) as a single resource of two interconnected components has rapidly increased during the last decades. To investigate GW-SW interaction in an aquifer system exploited by several pumping wells, an integrated continuous monitoring of the hydrological conditions was carried out. The sub-catchment (14 km2), located in the Aspio basin near Ancona (Central Italy), is drained by a small stream named Betelico, and it is characterised by the presence of an unconfined alluvial aquifer and a semi-confined limestone aquifer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drivers of stream drying up occurred during the last couple of years. This has been achieved by applying a trend analysis on rainfall, air temperatures, piezometric and stream level, and well pumping rates. Precipitation trends were analysed over a 30-years period through the calculation of the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and through heavy rainfall events frequency plots, while the correlation between piezometric stream levels and pumping rate was analysed during the last six years. The groundwater level was compared with the stream baseflow level, highlighting the interconnection between GW-SW over the years. The analysis on the water surplus (WS) trend, together with the rainfall events characterisation, supports the hypothesis of the decrease in recharge rate as the main driver of the stream drying up. This case study stresses the importance of studying GW-SW interactions in a continuously changing climatic context characterised by a decreasing precipitation trend, coupling both the advantages of a robust method like trend analysis on time series and the field continuous monitoring.

In Tunisia, the discharge of treated wastewater onto land area has become a common practice, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where there are no permanent rivers to receive discharge. Treated wastewater constitutes a potential anthropogenic source of aquifer recharge as is the case for the alluvial aquifer downstream of the Kairouan plain. This alluvial aquifer receives annually an average volume of 4.9 hm3 of treated wastewater from the Dhraa Tammar wastewater treatment plant, which is discharged over a land area of 182 ha. This research presents the first piezometric and hydrogeochemical characterization of Kairouan plain shallow groundwater and the assessment of treated wastewater impacts on groundwater piezometric levels, salinity and hydrogeochemical composition and microbiological contents of groundwater. To achieve these objectives, a piezometric surveys of 15 shallow wells was undertaken. Additionally, groundwater and treated wastewater samples were collected in February and April 2017 for chemical and microbiological analysis. The piezometric study shows that treated wastewater discharge induces a local increase of the water table level materialized by the appearance of a piezometric dome (a height estimated at 1.5 m) in the discharge site during a period of 4 years (2014–2017). Shallow groundwater downstream of Kairouan plain shows a naturally high mineralization state (a salinity more than 20 g L−1) caused by natural mineralization process. A considerable reduction of groundwater salinity (between 3 and 10 g L−1) is observed in the discharge site due to treated wastewater infiltration. Discharge of treated wastewater has caused an increase of groundwater bicarbonate concentration due to leaching of organic matter and local microbiological groundwater contamination (250–450 fecal germs per 100 ml) in the discharge site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletin de Geologia is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study is to identify the urban development pressure exerted upon the limits imposed by the depth of the phreatic level. The territorial systems from the vicinity of Bucharest registered a momentous dynamics and it enabled the expanding of urbanized areas beyond the limits imposed by the natural conditions. The present research involved the creation of a database concerning the depth of the phreatic level, as well as the identification of the expansion stages undertaken by the urbanized areas. There were applied questionnaires concerning the degree of knowledge regarding the development restrictions for the beneficiaries of built spaces. The spatial layout of the indicators which were used in the research permitted the discovery of some areas where the decision to build something had been taken without analyzing the low depth of piezometric level.

This study investigates the effect of drought and pumping discharge on groundwater supplies and seawater intrusion in the Jijel plain area (Algeria). The numerical model developed based on available hydrogeological data in real scale such as the calibration can be done only with real data. The groundwater model for the Jijel plain area was calibrated in two steps: (1) steady-state calibration to average conditions during 2012 and (2) calibration to transient conditions from 2012 to 2042 (30 years). The main objective is to quantify the components of the groundwater balance, to estimate the hydraulic conductivity distribution, and to control the encroachment of seawater into coastal aquifer systems. The impact of pumping discharge and drought on groundwater level evolution has been examined. As the population continues to grow and the demand for groundwater pumping intensifies beyond 2012, it can be expected that the actual extent of seawater intrusion and anthropogenic pollution in the future will be more severe than that predicted by the model. For example, the maximum drawdown value is recorded in the northwest of the study area (11.30 m). This drawdown is explained by the overexploitation, which causes the advancement of seawater in the northern region and anthropogenic pollution in the central region (next to cities). Better strategies for groundwater development and management, such as artificial recharge and modern irrigation systems, will be necessary to conserve freshwater aquifers and protect them from pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake‐induced aquifer permeability changes have been observed both in the laboratory and the field. However, the effects of multiple earthquakes on aquifer systems have rarely been differentiated. In this study, we analyze the piezometric response to earthquake pairs that occurred on the same day. The results show that events with higher seismic energy may result in a rise in piezometric level, and the seismic waves enhanced the permeability of the aquifer by different magnitudes. Stress/strain history from consecutive earthquakes may be retained, and permeability increased much more following the second earthquake than the first one. The method proposed in this study is useful in evaluating the permeability enhancement induced by consecutive earthquakes. The stress/strain memory of aquifers also has important implications for understanding aftershocks. Plain Language Summary: Earthquake‐related piezometric level changes have been widely documented, and change in permeability is a favored explanatory mechanism. However, piezometric level changes induced by close‐in‐time earthquakes are not well understood owing to the low temporal resolution of the standard method of calculating permeability. In this study, we calculated the permeability by comparing the coseismic piezometric level oscillation and seismic wave data. For each earthquake pair, permeability increased more after the second earthquake than the first one, indicating that the aquifer system retains the earthquake stress/strain history for a certain period. The method presented in this study is helpful in differentiating the effects of sequential earthquakes. Key Points: Stress/strain history from consecutive earthquakes may be retainedEvents with higher seismic energy may result in a rise in piezometric levelPermeability increased more following the second earthquake than the first one [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme hydrological events induced by typhoons in reservoir areas have presented severe challenges to the safe operation of hydraulic structures. Based on analysis of the seepage characteristics of an earth rock dam, a novel seepage safety monitoring model was constructed in this study. The nonlinear influence processes of the antecedent reservoir water level and rainfall were assumed to follow normal distributions. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters so as to raise the fitting accuracy. In addition, a mutation factor was introduced to simulate the sudden increase in the piezometric level induced by short-duration heavy rainfall and the possible historical extreme reservoir water level during a typhoon. In order to verify the efficacy of this model, the earth rock dam of the Siminghu Reservoir was used as an example. The piezometric level at the SW1-2 measuring point during Typhoon Fitow in 2013 was fitted with the present model, and a corresponding theoretical expression was established. Comparison of fitting results of the piezometric level obtained from the present statistical model and traditional statistical model with monitored values during the typhoon shows that the present model has a higher fitting accuracy and can simulate the uprush feature of the seepage pressure during the typhoon perfectly.

The response of karst groundwater level to rainfall features spatial and temporal variability. There is no consensus regarding the groundwater dynamic system structure of the Zengpiyan cave site in Guilin, Guangxi, China. Based on high-resolution data on rainfall water level, the study area was divided into different aquifers. The characteristics and cause of spatial and temporal variability of karst groundwater level's response to rainfall were explored using water level dynamics, correlation analysis, and sliding window cross-correlation analysis. The results show that in terms of the response to rainfall, the water level of aquifers with a high degree of karst development and diffusion flow for water diversion rises and falls slowly, featuring a strong autocorrelation in water level; the water level of aquifers developed with karst conduits rises and falls rapidly, with a fast decay rate of water-level autocorrelation coefficient, a short lag time in response to rainfall, and a multimodal cross-correlation function graph. The extreme non-uniformity of karst development is the primary cause of differences in spatial response. The response lag of the groundwater level to rainfall in the rainy season is much smaller than during the dry season. This is because, in the rainy season, there is a large amount of cumulative rainfall, the buried depth of groundwater is shallow, and the aerated zone is constantly in a saturated or near-saturated state, causing the groundwater supply to become saturated by vertical rainfall infiltration relatively quickly. Further, the frequent rainstorms in the rainy season can generate to a large hydraulic gradient in a short period of time, accelerating the runoff replenishment speed of aquifers. Taken together, the groundwater system of the Zengpiyan cave site consists of 3 sub-runoff systems, i. e. the NE karst conduit, the NS conduit-fracture, and the NE strong runoff zones. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the cave site to formulate plans of preventing and controlling underground water hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban pressure exerts a major impact on the territorial systems, on groundwater, in general, but especially groundwater quality and dynamic changes recorded significant socio-economic consequences on medium and long term. The detailed analysis of the relationship between groundwater and human settlements from the emerging areas of large urban systems, highlights the pressure on development, tracing some limits imposed by the depth of the piezometric level. The research involved the creation of a database with the depth of the groundwater and identifying steps expansion workspaces. The spatial layout of the indicators which were used in the research permitted the discovery of some areas where the decision to build something had been taken without analysing the low depth of piezometric level. The research focused on the emerging area of Bucharest, an area that has experienced an explosive social and economic dynamics. In the analysed area the expansion of the built areas has seen, especially in the last 25 years, causing functional ruptures in the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to identify the urban development pressure exerted upon the limits imposed by the depth of the phreatic level. The territorial systems from the vicinity of Bucharest registered a momentous dynamics and it enabled the expanding of urbanized areas beyond the limits imposed by the natural conditions. The present research involved the creation of a database concerning the depth of the phreatic level, as well as the identification of the expansion stages undertaken by the urbanized areas. There were applied questionnaires concerning the degree of knowledge regarding the development restrictions for the beneficiaries of built spaces. The spatial layout of the indicators which were used in the research permitted the discovery of some areas where the decision to build something had been taken without analyzing the low depth of piezometric level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of water resources is a priority for development of the places and welfare of people that supply, especially in water bodies most affected by anthropic pressures. Moreover, the increasing of sudden and extreme climatic phenomena appearance urges to resource planning in specific situations. In this research, the evolution of the piezometric surface has been simulated as the basis of a flow model draft, in the karstic aquifer of Cuellar Moor, located in the Douro watershed, all along the hydrologic years between 2010 and 2012. The use of geostatistical tools has been the starting point for estimating the piezometric surfaces, based on the median values. From the point of view of planning two scenarios showing extreme situations have been simulated: one of them synthesizes the most favorable conditions, in which piezometric level is at the recorded highest median levels (wet scenario); and the other one synthesizes the toughest conditions with the lowest recorded median piezometric levels (dry scenario). It likewise shows the estimated nitrate concentrations surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]