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Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of Xbox Kinect Sports (XKS) regarding Nintendo Switch Sports (NSS) and an inactive control group (CG) on body composition (body fat percentage, BFP; and fat-free mass) and physical performance (maximal isometric handgrip strength, MIHS; 30-s chair stand, 30-S; timed up-and-go, TUG; sit-and-reach; and 2-min step) in physically inactive older females. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with three parallel groups: XKS (n = 13), NSS (n = 14), and CG (n = 16) considering three weekly 60-min sessions for 12 weeks with pre- and post-assessments. Results: A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure the time × group effect. Multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in BFP (F(2,18) = 6.12; p = 0.005; ηp2 = 0.226, large effect), 30-S (F(2,18) = 20.7; p = 0.000; ηp2 = 0.496, large effect), TUG (F(2,18) = 10.0; p = 0.000; ηp2 = 0.323, large effect), sit-and-reach (F(2,18) = 37.3; p = 0.000; ηp2 = 0.640, large effect), and 2-min step (F(2,18) = 9.85; p = 0.000; ηp2 = 0.319, large effect) in favor of XKS regarding NSS and CG. The intragroup results only present in XKS a significant decrease in BFP (p = 0.02; d = 0.98) and significant improvements in the 30-S (p = 0.000; d = 1.88), TUG (p < 0.01; d = 2.00), sit-and-reach (p = 0.003; d = 2.58), and 2-min step (p = 0.004; d = 1.05). Conclusions: training using XKS significantly decreases BFP and improves 30-S, TUG, sit-and-reach, and 2-min step in physically inactive older females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Low muscle quantity commonly seen in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) is the key contributor of declined physical performance and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. However, how to normalize muscle mass for operational criteria in this population remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinically useful whole body lean tissue mass (LTM) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) indices pertinent to physical performance in patients undertaking HD. METHODS: Whole body LTM in 38 and ASM in 22 patients undergoing HD were measured by body composition monitor (BCM) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. Physical performance was assessed by handgrip strength, the incremental shuttle walk test, sit-to-stand tests, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery and Duke Activity Status Index. Besides crude LTM and ASM, the other muscle indices were utilized normalizing for height, height squared, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and body fat%. RESULTS: Regardless of BCM or DXA being used, the relationships between different muscle mass indices and physical function were not consistent. While the most useful LTM index which was strongly associated with physical function involved adjustment for height, the strongest (and most useful) ASM index was normalization for BMI. CONCLUSION: The superiority of adjustment for BMI or height (height2) recommended by international sarcopenia consensus is also suitable for patients undergoing HD. Patients' BMI or fat mass should be considered in estimating prevalence of sarcopenia and evaluating relationship between muscle mass and physical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of a Tai Chi exercise program (TCEP) on pain, spinal flexibility, muscle strength, stability and balance, functional status, and quality of life (QoL) among home-dwelling patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or inflammatory arthritis (iA). Patients and methods: Between October 2018 and April 2019, a total of 28 participants (4 males, 24 females; median age: 62 years; range, 34 to 79 years) who completed the training program participating in at least 18 sessions were included. The TCEP consisted of 50 sessions for 60 min twice a week. The average attendance rate was high (78%, 39 sessions). Results: Chest mobility (breathing index, p<0.001), sagittal mobility of cervical (p<0.001), thoracic (p=0.009), and lumbar spine (Schober's test, p<0.001) improved significantly in participants with OA and iA. The improvement in functional status was significant only in participants with OA (Lequesne index, p=0.014). Although the change in Lequesne index was statistically significant, the median value remained in the range of severe disability and the change did not reach the minimal clinically important difference. Although the trends were positive, the changes in pain (Visual Analog Scale pain, p=0.599), stability and balance (functional reach test, p=0.341), muscular strength (wall sit test, p=0.069), and health-related QoL (15D, p=0.065) were non-significant in participants with OA and iA. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that a 25-week TCEP is safe and can improve chest and spinal mobility in home-dwelling individuals with OA or iA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air Force pilots and some athletes (e.g., in sledding sports) are frequently exposed to high G-forces. High-intensity physical activity is essential to withstand gravitational acceleration, and morphological symmetry and functional movement are directly related to injury in those who perform these activities. However, the relationship between G-endurance and physical imbalance and the effect on physical performance is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the physical performance of those exposed to a high load of G-tolerance and who performed high-intensity physical activity. A total of 363 male cadets from the Korean Air Force Academy underwent functional movement screen tests, anatomical structure measurements, G-tests (fourth grade), and body composition and physical fitness tests. Participants were classified into the G-test-pass and -fail groups depending on the G-test results. The pass group showed significantly different bilateral imbalance in active straight leg raises (p < 0.05), while the fail group showed a significant difference in deep squats (p < 0.05), shoulder mobility (p < 0.01), rotary stability (p < 0.05), and functional leg length (p < 0.05). Leg length was significantly correlated with the hurdle step (p < 0.01), inline lunge (p < 0.01), and active straight leg raise (p < 0.01). Functional leg lengths on both sides and structural leg lengths were also significantly correlated (p < 0.01). High body balance positively affects gravitational acceleration and exercise performance. Therefore, functional movement and physical imbalance affect performance in pilots affected by gravitational acceleration. This study can also be applied to strengthen the performance of winter sports athletes affected by gravitational acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bouts of military load carriage are rarely completed in isolation; however, limited research has investigated the physiological responses to repeated load carriage tasks. Twelve civilian men (age, 28 ± 8 years; stature, 185.6 ± 5.8 cm; body mass 84.3 ± 11.1 kg and maximal oxygen uptake, 51.5 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1 min−1) attended the laboratory on two occasions to undertake a familiarisation and an experimental session. Following their familiarisation session, participants completed three bouts of a fast load carriage protocol (FLCP; ∼65 min), carrying 25 kg, interspersed with a 65‐min recovery period. Physiological strain (oxygen uptake [V̇O2] and heart rate [HR]) was assessed during the FLCP bouts, and physical performance assessments (weighted counter‐movement jump [wCMJ], maximal isometric voluntary contraction of the quadriceps [MIVC] and seated medicine ball throw [SMBT]) was measured pre and post each FLCP bout. A main effect for bout and measurement time was evident for V̇O2 and HR (both p < 0.001 and Ѡ2 = 0.103–0.816). There was no likely change in SMBT distance (p = 0.201 and Ѡ2 = 0.004), but MIVC peak force reduced by approximately 25% across measurement points (p < 0.001 and Ѡ2 = 0.133). A mean percentage change of approximately −12% from initial values was also evident for peak wCMJ height (p = 0.001 and Ѡ2 = 0.028). Collectively, these data demonstrate that repeated FLCP bouts result in an elevated physiological strain for each successive bout, along with a substantial reduction in lower body power (wCMJ and MIVC). Therefore, future research should investigate possible mitigation strategies to maintain role‐related capability. Highlights: Given the progressively greater internal work rate for each successive load carriage bout (of equal external work rate), individuals responsible for load carriage planning should factor this elevated work rate into their operational planning (e.g., estimated maximal work durations).Elevated work rate for successive bouts should also be considered in other domains such as physical employment standards and development of working patterns.Group level perceptual measures appear to provide a good indication of physiological strain and therefore may provide useful information to commanders regarding the physical strain experienced by their team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During vertical jump evaluations in which jump height is estimated from flight time (FT), the jumper must maintain the same body posture between vertical takeoff and landing. As maintaining identical posture is rare during takeoff and landing between different jump attempts and in different individuals, we simulated the effect of changes in ankle position from takeoff to landing in vertical jumping to determine the range of errors that might occur in real-life scenarios. Our simulations account for changes in center of mass position during takeoff and landing, changes in ankle position, different subject statures (1.44–1.98 m), and poor to above-average jump heights. Our results show that using FT to estimate jump height without controlling for ankle position (allowing dorsiflexion) during the landing phase of the vertical jump can overestimate jump height by 18% in individuals of average stature and performing an average 30 cm jump or may overestimate by ≤60% for tall individuals performing a poor 10 cm jump, which is common for individuals jumping with added load. Nevertheless, as assessing jump heights based on FT is common practice, we offer a correction equation that can be used to reduce error, improving jump height measurement validity using the FT method allowing between-subject fair comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion of aged populations is increasing worldwide. Exercise has a palliating effect on some adverse implications of aging. Multicomponent training (MCT) is a recommended form of exercise for the aged population. The aims of this research were to (1) study the number of publications regarding MCT in the aged population following an exponential growth rate; (2) identify the journals, authors, and countries that stand out the most in this area; and (3) describe the most common themes and used keywords in this field. The analysis was performed through the traditional laws of bibliometrics, including, Price's, Lotka's, Bradford's, and Zipf's law. All documents published in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection from 2001 to November 2023 that met the inclusion criteria were included. The 485 documents included in this review revealed that the number of annual publications experienced an exponential growth phase, 15 journals with six or more publications formed the core journals on this topic, and the author Mikel Izquierdo and his collaborative network topped the lists of prominent and prolific co-authors. Spain was the leading country in number of publications. Various thematic lines and keywords regarding strength, sarcopenia, quality of life, falls, balance, dual-task exercise, and cognitive and physical functioning were identified. In conclusion, this work confirmed that research on this topic is going through an exponential growth phase and provided detailed information about the journals, authors, and countries involved in the subject, as well as the keywords most frequently used in the subject matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Physical performance tests are predictive of mortality and may screen for certain health conditions (e.g., sarcopenia); however, their diagnostic and/or prognostic value has primarily been studied in age-limited or disease-specific cohorts. Our objective was to identify the most salient characteristics associated with three lower quarter balance and strength tests in a cohort of community-dwelling adults. Methods: We applied a stacked elastic net approach on detailed data on sociodemographic, health and health-related behaviors, and biomarker data from the first visit of the Project Baseline Health Study (N = 2,502) to determine which variables were most associated with three physical performance measures: single-legged balance test (SLBT), sitting-rising test (SRT), and 30-second chair-stand test (30CST). Analyses were stratified by age (<65 and =65). Results: Female sex, Black or African American race, lower educational attainment, and health conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular conditions (e.g., hypertension) were consistently associated with worse performance across all three tests. Several other health conditions were associated with either better or worse test performance, depending on age group and test. C-reactive protein was the only laboratory value associated with performance across age and test groups with some consistency. Conclusions: Our results highlighted previously identified and several novel salient factors associated with performance on the SLBT, SRT, and 30CST. These tests could represent affordable, noninvasive biomarkers of prevalent and/or future disease in adult individuals; future research should validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Poor oral conditions in the elderly may have numerous effects on general health, including physical fitness and performance.This study aimed to determine the relationship between oral health and physical function in elderly people.Physical function and oral health parameters were compared using parametric comparison tests and Pearson correlation analyses. In addition, principal components analysis, hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling analysis clustered the patients' physical and oral health scores. The relationship between the groups was also determined using decision tree analysis.A total of 112 elderly patients participated in the study. Grip strength (GS) was higher in patients with high chewing ability, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) scores were lower in the high oral health group (p < .05). GS was correlated with Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) and the number of remaining and functional teeth (p < .05). According to principal component analysis, it was seen that there were three components (oral, functional and quality of life (QoL) parameters), and the features that were related to each other were gathered together. TUG and GS showed the highest relative importance among physical function criteria in the classification based on chewing ability. They were GS and physical activity for oral health‐related QoL.In the elderly, higher physical function parameters, especially GS may be an indicator of a better oral health and oral health‐related QoL. Preventive physical rehabilitation practices, in addition to oral treatments, may be effective in improving oral health in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsThis study seeks to assess the reliability and construct validity of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test as an efficient tool for evaluating the functional capacity of individuals with systemic sclerosis, considering its time and space effectiveness.This cross-sectional study recruited forty-nine individuals with systemic sclerosis from a university hospital in Denmark. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test was conducted twice on the same day, with an interval of approximately 10 to 15 minutes between administrations, followed by a single administration of the 6-minute walk test. Reliability and validity were estimated using Bland-Altman statistics, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), paired t-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ).The 1-minute sit-to-stand test exhibited excellent test-retest reliability with an ICC2,1 (CI) of 0.97 (0.95–0.99). The minimal metrically detectable change between separate measures on a subject for the difference in the measures to be considered real at the 95% confidence level was 2.9 repetitions and 11%, respectively. A learning effect of one repetition was observed between repeated measures. High construct validity was observed between the 1-minute sit-to-stand and 6-minute walk test (ρ = 0.78, p < .001).This study demonstrates the 1-minute sit-to-stand test as highly reliable, with an 11% change indicating a true outcome change. It also demonstrates robust construct validity compared to the 6-minute walk test. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test appears feasible for assessing functional capacity in well-functioning individuals with systemic sclerosis, but prior familiarization with the task is recommended, as a small learning effect was observed with one repetition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maintaining good functional ability is a key component of healthy ageing and a basic requirement for carrying out activities of daily living, staying independent, and delaying admission to a nursing home. Even though women have a higher life expectancy and slower age-related muscle mass loss than men, they often show a higher prevalence of limitations in physical functioning. However, the reasons behind these sex differences are still unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate sex differences among older adults regarding physical functioning and to study which factors are explaining these sex differences. Methods: Cross-sectional data from participants of the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study residing in Bremen, Germany, aged 65 to 75 years, were included in the analyses. Physical functioning was assessed via a self-administered questionnaire using the SF-36 10-item Physical Functioning Scale. Social, lifestyle, and health-related factors were also assessed using the questionnaire. Physical activity was measured objectively using wrist-worn accelerometers over seven consecutive days. Descriptive analyses with absolute and relative frequencies, means and standard deviations, as well as T-tests and chi-square tests were carried out. To test for associations between sex, physical functioning, and several individual factors, linear regressions were performed. Results: Data of 2 141 participants (52.1% female) were included in the study. Women and men showed statistically significant differences in physical functioning, with men perceiving fewer limitations than women. On average, women had a physical functioning score of 81.4 ± 19.3 and men 86.7 ± 17.0. Linear regression showed a statistically significant negative association between physical functioning score and sex (β: -0.15, 95% CL: -0.19, -0.10). The association remained statistically significant when adding individual factors to the model. All factors together were only able to explain 51% of the physical functioning-sex association with health indicators and the presence of chronic diseases being the most influential factors. Conclusions: We found sex differences in physical functioning, with older women having more limitations than older men. The results showed that health-related factors and chronic diseases played the biggest roles in the different physical functioning scores of women and men. These findings contribute to future longitudinal, more in-depth research. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00015117 (Date of registration 17-07-2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has suggested that a history of falls and fear of falling (FOF) are associated with reduced mobility among older adults. Although many studies have explored the association between the history of falls and FOF in the context of decreased mobility, most have had small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of the results. Therefore, this study sought to contribute to the body of knowledge around these constructs to further support the previous findings. To investigate the association between a history of falls and FOF with low mobility in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study included 308 older adults (69.9 ± 7.1 years, 57.8% female). The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to classify mobility limitations in participants and the Falls Efficacy Scale–International - Brazil was used to quantify FOF. Participants were also asked if they had fallen in the previous 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was used. The prevalence rates of a history of falls and FOF were 32.7 and 48.4%, respectively. Older adults with a history of falls and FOF had 2.20 (95%CI: 1.20; 4.02) and 3.80 (95%CI: 1.90; 7.58) greater odds of presenting low mobility than older adults without these health problems, respectively. History of falls and FOF are associated with higher odds of low mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to introduce public health programs aimed at preventing falls in older adults to reduce possible adverse health outcomes, including low mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of gamified versus nongamified health promotion interventions on cardiometabolic health and fitness parameters in healthcare worker women. Design: Randomized parallel group trial. Setting: A public outpatient health center in Brazil. Subjects: Women employees (included: n = 29; lost to follow-up: n = 1; analyzed: n = 28). Interventions: 8 weeks of gamified (n = 15) or nongamified (n = 13) interventions, consisting of health lectures, nutritional counseling, and supervised exercise training. The gamified group was divided into teams that received points based on completion of health goals/tasks. Measures: Anthropometric, cardiometabolic and physical fitness parameters. Analysis: Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (group vs. time), and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: Body mass (-1.5 ± 1.5 kg), waist circumference (-1.6 ± 3.0 cm), HbA1C (-.2 ±.3%), triglycerides (-21.5 ± 48.2 mg/dl), systolic (-11.1 ± 7.9 mmHg) and diastolic (-7.1 ± 5.8 mmHg) blood pressure, as well as sit and reach (3.9 ± 3.0 cm) and six-minute walking (56 ± 37 m) performance improved (P <.05) only after the gamified intervention. Sit-to-stand performance improved after both the gamified (-1.18 ± 1.24 s) and nongamified (-1.49 ± 1.87 s) interventions. Conclusion: The gamified intervention was more effective than the nongamified intervention for improving cardiometabolic and physical fitness parameters, suggesting that gamification may be an effective tool for promoting health in healthcare worker women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with autism spectrum disorder could benefit from physical activity during the pandemic and COVID-19 restrictions, mainly to maintain adequate physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, enjoyment, and potential effect of telerehabilitation using a serious game named 'MoveHero'. Registered in Clinical Trials (NCT04402034). We adopted a remotely run Telerehabilitation research design with 44 participants recruited: 22 People with ASD people and 22 non-ASD individuals. All participants safely participated, 100% adherence to sessions, ∼60% enjoying the task, and significantly improved performance, with better performance for the NA group at most practice moments. Our findings support both how to implement a gaming intervention and the need to investigate the efficacy of serious games to motivate moderate intensity physical activity in people with ASD. A new and thrilling way to promote physical activity is through telerehabilitation to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A tool that can possibly influence the mood of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Help to implement home-based rehabilitation to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The FIRE trial (Functional Assessment in Elderly Myocardial Infarction Patients With Multivessel Disease) enrolled 1445 older (aged =75 years) patients with myocardial infarction and multivessel disease in Italy, Spain, and Poland. Patients were randomized to physiology-guided complete revascularization or treatment of the only culprit lesion. Physiologyguided complete revascularization significantly reduced ischemic adverse events at 1 year. This prespecified analysis investigated the changes between the 2 study groups in angina status, quality of life, physical performance, and frailty. METHODS: Patients underwent validated scales at hospital discharge (baseline) and 1 year later. Angina status was evaluated using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, health-related quality of life by EQ visual analog scale, physical performance by short physical performance battery, and frailty by the clinical frailty scale. Mixed models for repeated measures analysis were used to study the association between the treatment arms, time, and scales. RESULTS: Baseline and 1-year Seattle Angina Questionnaire, EQ visual analog scale, short physical performance battery, and clinical frailty scale were collected in around two-thirds of the entire FIRE study population. The mean age was 80.9±4.6 years (female sex, 35.9%). Overall, 35.3% were admitted for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, whereas the others were admitted for non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Physiology-guided complete revascularization, compared with culprit-only revascularization, was associated with greater improvement in terms of angina status (Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score, 7.3 [95% CI, 6.1-8.6] points), health-related quality of life (EQ visual analog scale, 6.2 [95% CI, 4.4-8.1] points), and physical performance (short physical performance battery, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.9-1.3] points). After 1 year, patients randomized to culprit-only revascularization experienced a deterioration in frailty status (clinical frailty scale, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.1-0.3] points), which was not observed in patients randomized to physiology-guided complete revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis suggested that a physiology-guided complete revascularization is associated with consistent benefits in terms of angina status, quality of life, physical performance, and the absence of further deterioration of the frailty status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is used to improve muscle function but is important to know if doses can affect the objective function outcomes. To compare the effect of two frequencies of WBV on objective physical function outcomes in healthy young adults. Forty-two volunteers were randomized into three groups: sham group (SG), and WBV groups with 30 (F30) and 45 Hz (F45). A 6-week WBV intervention protocol was applied by a vibrating platform twice a week, with the platform turn-off for SG and with two frequencies according to group, 30 or 45 Hz. The objective physical functions outcomes assessed were the proprioceptive accuracy, measured by proprioceptive tests, and quasi-static and dynamic balances, measured by Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Y Balance Test, respectively. The outcomes were assessed before and after the WBV intervention. We used in the results comparisons, by GzLM test, the deltas percentage. After the intervention, no statistical differences were observed in percentage deltas for any outcomes (proprioceptive accuracy, quasi-static and dynamic balances). Objective physical function outcomes, after the 6-week WBV protocol, did not present statistically significant results in any of the intervention groups (F30 or F45) and SG. • The whole-body vibration platform does not have a significant impact on balance or proprioception. • Varying the frequency of the whole-body vibration platform between 30 or 45 Hz did not affect proprioceptive accuracy and balance. • The whole-body vibration platform did not potentiate the effect of exercise on proprioceptive accuracy and balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cognitive dysfunction is frequently seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the factors it is associated with.

Abstract Air Force pilots and some athletes (e.g., in sledding sports) are frequently exposed to high G-forces. High-intensity physical activity is essential to withstand gravitational acceleration, and morphological symmetry and functional movement are directly related to injury in those who perform these activities. However, the relationship between G-endurance and physical imbalance and the effect on physical performance is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the physical performance of those exposed to a high load of G-tolerance and who performed high-intensity physical activity. A total of 363 male cadets from the Korean Air Force Academy underwent functional movement screen tests, anatomical structure measurements, G-tests (fourth grade), and body composition and physical fitness tests. Participants were classified into the G-test-pass and -fail groups depending on the G-test results. The pass group showed significantly different bilateral imbalance in active straight leg raises (p

Abstract Background Maintaining good functional ability is a key component of healthy ageing and a basic requirement for carrying out activities of daily living, staying independent, and delaying admission to a nursing home. Even though women have a higher life expectancy and slower age-related muscle mass loss than men, they often show a higher prevalence of limitations in physical functioning. However, the reasons behind these sex differences are still unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate sex differences among older adults regarding physical functioning and to study which factors are explaining these sex differences. Methods Cross-sectional data from participants of the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study residing in Bremen, Germany, aged 65 to 75 years, were included in the analyses. Physical functioning was assessed via a self-administered questionnaire using the SF-36 10-item Physical Functioning Scale. Social, lifestyle, and health-related factors were also assessed using the questionnaire. Physical activity was measured objectively using wrist-worn accelerometers over seven consecutive days. Descriptive analyses with absolute and relative frequencies, means and standard deviations, as well as T-tests and chi-square tests were carried out. To test for associations between sex, physical functioning, and several individual factors, linear regressions were performed. Results Data of 2 141 participants (52.1% female) were included in the study. Women and men showed statistically significant differences in physical functioning, with men perceiving fewer limitations than women. On average, women had a physical functioning score of 81.4 ± 19.3 and men 86.7 ± 17.0. Linear regression showed a statistically significant negative association between physical functioning score and sex (β: -0.15, 95% CL: -0.19, -0.10). The association remained statistically significant when adding individual factors to the model. All factors together were only able to explain 51% of the physical functioning-sex association with health indicators and the presence of chronic diseases being the most influential factors. Conclusions We found sex differences in physical functioning, with older women having more limitations than older men. The results showed that health-related factors and chronic diseases played the biggest roles in the different physical functioning scores of women and men. These findings contribute to future longitudinal, more in-depth research. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00015117 (Date of registration 17-07-2018).

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship of Functional Independence Measure for motor function (FIM-M) with sarcopenia, and physical activity in patients with stroke undergoing rehabilitation. This cross-sectional study included patients with stroke at a single convalescent rehabilitation hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Physical activity was measured as the duration of light-intensity physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer. Of 80 patients (median age: 72.0 years), 46 (57.5%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. In multivariate linear regression analysis, FIM-M score was significantly associated with sarcopenia (β = −0.15, p =.043) and light-intensity physical activity (β = 0.55, p <.001). In another model, FIM-M score was significantly associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (β = 0.27, p =.002) but not with sarcopenia. This study demonstrated that FIM-M was partially associated with sarcopenia and associated with physical activity regardless of intensity in patients with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Skill and health-related components are required for the assessment of football players’ functional performance, and there is a lack of literature available to measure football players’ functional performance. The study mostly focuses on developing and validating the tool for football players between the ages of 18 and 25. Methods This study used a research methodology that focused on the development and verification of a scale. The research consisted of two distinct stages, namely tool development and validity testing. Firstly, the expert panel did a comprehensive analysis of the items and domains of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the Delphi approach was used to assess the content validity of the questionnaire. Later on, the evaluation tool was officially named the complete functional performance assessment battery (CFPA) for football players in India. Result The CFPA’s newly developed tool has excellent scale-level content validity, which was more than 0.78 for each item in the tool, i.e., 1 (indicated as extremely relevant), the content validity ratio was bigger than 0.49, and each item’s kappa value was found to be 1, which is excellent. Each item’s universal acceptance was found to be 1 for both the item’s quality and content and Aiken’s V index is also greater than 0.81. Conclusion The CFPA is a valid tool in India that can be used to check the functional performance of football players.

Background: Dementia is recognized as a neurodegenerative disease that gradually causes serious cognitive, motor, and functional impairments in affected individuals. This study explored the impact of a meaningful task-oriented intervention on independence in activities of daily living, cognitive status, and physical abilities, including gait speed and balance, among elderly patients diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 40 participants aged 60-70, with a Functional Assessment Staging Tool (FAST Scale) score of 1-5, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=20) receiving standard care, including medication and routine consultation, or an intervention group (n=20) receiving standard care along with eight 45–60-minute sessions of task-oriented interventions. These interventions were centered around familiar daily life activities in the home environment and were conducted twice a week. The primary outcome measure was the participants' independence in activities of daily living, assessed using the Barthel Index. Secondary outcome measures included cognitive function, evaluated using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised, and physical performance, assessed through the Timed Up and Go test, 10 Meter Walk Test, and Berg Balance Scale. Results: The meaningful task-oriented intervention demonstrated significant improvements in independence in activities of daily living (p

(1) Background: The growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and declining physical fitness among children and adolescents due to sedentary lifestyles has increased attention toward preventive intervention to tackle this issue. This study investigated the age-related effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), based on bodyweight resistance exercises conducted during physical education lessons, on muscle mass and strength improvement. (2) Methods: Adolescent males (n = 116) were allocated to four HIFT experimental groups (EGs) and four standard physical education program control groups (CGs) according to age (15, 16, 17, and 18 years [y]). The changes in muscle mass (absolute and relative to height [SMI]), hand–grip strength (HGS), sit-ups (SUs), and standing broad jump (SBJ) were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni tests. (3) Results: HIFT significantly increased muscle mass and scores in all strength tests (p < 0.01), while chronological age was significant for HGS (p < 0.01). Interactions between HIFT and chronological age categories were observed for HGS (p = 0.01) and SBJ (p < 0.03). Detailed post hoc tests revealed improvement in muscle mass across all chronological age categories for both approaches (p < 0.05). The 18y-EG group improved HGS over their control peers (p < 0.01), the EG groups significantly improved their SU results (p < 0.01), and SBJ improved in the 15y-EG and 18y-EG groups compared to their control (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: This research highlights the effectiveness of a school-based HIFT program in promoting muscle mass gains and enhancing muscle strength among adolescents. The findings offer valuable insights for implementing bodyweight exercises during physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPurposeMethodsResultsConclusionThe 30-s chair stand test (CS-30) is a well-known measure of muscle strength in older adults. However, factors other than muscle strength may also be involved in older adults with chronic health conditions who require support and care in daily living.To test the hypothesis that the CS-30 in older adults with chronic health conditions is associated with lower limb muscle oxygen extraction capacity.Twenty-seven older adults with chronic health conditions (those who needed support and care in daily living because of stroke, musculoskeletal disease, etc.) were recruited. Tissue and percutaneous oxygen saturations of the right vastus lateralis muscle were measured during CS-30 measurements, and muscle oxygen extraction rate (MOER) was calculated. Knee extension strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and phase angle (PhA) were measured. In a multiple regression analysis with CS-30 as the dependent variable, results were calculated for model 1 with SMI, PhA, and ΔMOER as independent variables and model 2 with knee extension muscle strength added to model 1.Phase angle (model 1, β = 0.46, p = .014; model 2, β = 0.46, p = .016) and ΔMOER (model 1, β = 0.39, p = .032; model 2, β = 0.40, p = .039) were significantly associated in both models. Adjusted R2 was 0.26 (Model 1) and 0.23 (Model 2).The CS-30 in older adults with chronic health conditions may be related to muscle oxygen extraction capacity. This indicates that CS-30 also considers lower limb endurance assessment in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skill and health-related components are required for the assessment of football players' functional performance, and there is a lack of literature available to measure football players' functional performance. The study mostly focuses on developing and validating the tool for football players between the ages of 18 and 25. Methods: This study used a research methodology that focused on the development and verification of a scale. The research consisted of two distinct stages, namely tool development and validity testing. Firstly, the expert panel did a comprehensive analysis of the items and domains of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the Delphi approach was used to assess the content validity of the questionnaire. Later on, the evaluation tool was officially named the complete functional performance assessment battery (CFPA) for football players in India. Result: The CFPA's newly developed tool has excellent scale-level content validity, which was more than 0.78 for each item in the tool, i.e., 1 (indicated as extremely relevant), the content validity ratio was bigger than 0.49, and each item's kappa value was found to be 1, which is excellent. Each item's universal acceptance was found to be 1 for both the item's quality and content and Aiken's V index is also greater than 0.81. Conclusion: The CFPA is a valid tool in India that can be used to check the functional performance of football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to characterize mobility patterns using wearable inertial sensors and serial assessment across autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (autoHCT) and investigate the relation between mobility and perceived function in patients with hematologic cancer. Prospective longitudinal study. Hospital adult transplant clinic followed by discharge. 78 patients with hematological cancer receiving autoHCT. Mobility was measured across 3 clinical phases (pretransplant, pre-engraftment, and post-engraftment) in using inertial sensors worn during prescribed performance tests in the hospital. Perceived function was assessed using validated provider-reported (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] Performance Status Scale) and patient-reported [European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ-C30]) measures. Trajectories of 5 selected mobility characteristics (turn duration, gait speed, stride time variability, double support time, and heel strike angle) across the clinical phases were also evaluated using piecewise linear mixed-effects models. Using Principal Components Analysis, 4 mobility patterns were identified pretransplant: Gait Limitation, Sagittal Sway, Coronal Sway , and Balance Control. Gait Limitation measured pretransplant was significantly inversely associated with perceived function reported by the provider- (β = -0.11; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.02) and patient- (β = -4.85; 95% CI: -7.72, -1.99) post-engraftment in age-adjusted linear regression models. Mobility characteristics demonstrated immediate declines early pre-engraftment with stabilization by late pre-engraftment. Patients with hematological cancer experiencing gait limitations pretransplant are likely to have worse perceived function post-engraftment. Mobility declines in early phases post-transplant and may not fully recover, indicating an opportunity for timely rehabilitation referrals. Wearable inertial sensors can be used to identify early mobility problems and patients who may be at risk for future functional decline who may be candidates for early physical rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One to three sessions of 20-60 minutes of exercise per week of mixed exercise programs, ie, programs combining aerobic exercise with strengthening or balance exercise improves balance, walking speed, walking endurance, and transfer ability in adults with lower limb amputation. • Further high-quality studies are needed to increase confidence on the effect of exercise training programs to improve cardiorespiratory health, muscle strength, flexibility, and functional status in adults with lower limb amputation. • There is a need to develop guidelines specific to people with physical disabilities, and extrapolating guidelines from the able-bodied population may be inappropriate or even potentially harmful. • The results of this review and the exercise descriptions will provide the basis for the development of physical activity guidelines for adults with lower limb amputation. To answer the following questions: (1) Do physical activity (PA) and exercise improve fitness, mobility, and functional capacity among adults with lower limb amputation (LLA) and (2) What is the type and minimum dose of PA (frequency, intensity and duration) needed? Systematic review. Outpatient intervention, outside of the prosthetic rehabilitation phase. Adults with lower limb amputation living in the community. Any physical activity or exercise intervention. Any fitness, mobility, or functional capacity indicators and measurements. Twenty-three studies were included, totaling 408 adults with LLA. Studies evaluated the effect of structured PA sessions on fitness, mobility, and functional capacity. The highest evidence is for mixed exercise programs, that is, programs combining aerobic exercise with strengthening or balance exercise. There is moderate confidence that 1-3 sessions of 20-60 minutes of exercise per week improves balance, walking speed, walking endurance, and transfer ability in adults with LLA above the ankle. As for flexibility, cardiorespiratory health, lower-limb muscles strength, and functional capacity, there was low confidence that exercise improves these fitness components because of the lack of studies. Exercise 1-3 times per week may improve balance, walking speed, walking endurance, and transfer ability in adults with LLA, especially when combining aerobic exercises with lower limb strengthening or balance exercises. There is a need for most robust studies focusing on the effect of PA on cardiorespiratory health, muscles strength, flexibility, and functional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Task-specific training generally targets motor function, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine whether motor function indirectly affects QoL through daily use of the affected arm and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with chronic stroke. This was a retrospective cohort study of 155 patients who received training for 90–120 min/session, 3–5 sessions/week, for 4–6 weeks. The training involved specific mirror or robot-assisted therapy, followed by functional task practice for 15–30 min in each session. Patients were assessed before and after the intervention. At both pre-test and post-test, significant indirect effects of motor function on QoL through daily use of the affect arm and ADL were observed (β = 0.087–0.124). When the change scores of the measures between the pre-test and post-test were used, significant mediating effects of daily arm use on the relationship between motor function and QoL were identified (β = 0.094–0.103). Enhanced motor function after intervention may lead to an increase in arm use for daily activities and subsequently result in an improvement in QoL. These results highlight the critical role of daily arm use in task-specific training aimed at improving QoL. Task-specific training may improve motor function, daily arm use, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with mild-to-moderate arm hemiparesis. To improve quality of life in task-specific training, clinicians may work in sequence from motor function to daily arm use and then to activities of daily living. Emphasizing the use of the affected arm in daily life is critical to improve quality of life in task-specific training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Impaired physical performance is associated with increased fracture risk. Performance on four physical functioning tests and prevalence of sarcopenia were assessed for 1789 fracture patients and compared to reference data. Performance was low on all tests, especially for patients with a hip, major or ≥ 1 prevalent vertebral fracture. Purpose Introduction: Impaired physical performance and sarcopenia are associated with increased fracture risk. This study aims to assess physical performance and the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with a recent clinical fracture attending the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) compared to population means. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, chair stand test (CST), handgrip strength (HGS), timed-up-and-go (TUG), 6-min walking-test (6MWT), and sarcopenia (following EWGSOP2) were assessed. The proportion of patients with impaired/poor performance compared to reference data was calculated (Z-score: ≥ − 2SD to < − 1 (impaired) and < − 2 SD (poor)). Associations of fracture type, sex, age, and time since fracture with Z-scores were assessed using linear regression analyses. Results: A total of 1789 consecutive FLS patients were included (median age (IQR): 66 (59–74), 70.7% females, 3.9 (± 1.6) months after fracture). The prevalence of impaired/poor performance for CST, HGS, TUG, and 6MWT was 39.2%, 30.4%, 21.9%, and 71.5%, respectively (expected proportion of 16%) and 2.8% had sarcopenia. Lower Z-scores (P < 0.001) were found for hip, major, and ≥ 1 prevalent vertebral fracture (VF) in CST (major: regression coefficient (B) (95%CI) = − 0.25 [− 0.34, − 0.16]; hip: B = − 0.32 [− 0.47, − 0.17], VF: B = − 0.22 [− 0.34, − 0.11]), TUG; (major: B = − 0.54 [− 0.75, − 0.33]; hip: B = − 1.72 [− 2.08, -1.35], VF: B = − 0.61 [− 0.88, − 0.57]), 6MWT (major: B = − 0.34 [− 0.47, − 0.21]; hip: B = − 0.99 [− 1,22, − 0.77], VF: B = − 0.36 [− 0.53, − 0.19]). Conclusions: Physical performance is significantly lower in FLS patients compared to healthy peers, especially in patients with hip, major or prevalent VF. These findings underline the need to assess and improve the physical performance of FLS patients, despite a low prevalence of sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the associations of glenohumeral internal (IR) and external rotation (ER), horizontal adduction (HA), and thoracic spine rotation ranges of motion (ROM), isometric muscle strength of the shoulder rotators, and trunk muscle endurance with the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ), and the Upper Limb Rotation Test (ULRT) in overhead athletes. Cross-sectional study. Laboratory. One hundred twenty-one athletes were enrolled. Independent variables were: IR, ER, HA, and thoracic spine rotation ROMs, isometric muscle strength of glenohumeral IR and ER muscles, and trunk muscle endurance. Dependent variables were: CKCUEST, YBT-UQ, ULRT. IR ROM of the nondominant side was associated with the CKCUEST, the YBT-UQ, and the ULRT. IR muscle strength of the dominant side was associated with the CKCUEST and the ULRT. Trunk flexor and lateral endurance of the dominant side were associated with the CKCUEST and the YBT-UQ, respectively. Many of the physical parameters influencing scores on the CKCUEST and the YBT-UQ are different. Common parameters influence the CKCUEST and ULRT scores, yet more parameters influence the CKCUEST score. We suggest the combined use of the CKCUEST and the YBT-UQ in overhead athletes. • CKCUEST and YBT-UQ scores are influenced by different physical parameters. • Common parameters influence CKCUEST and ULRT scores, yet more parameters influence CKCUEST score. • We suggest the combined use of the CKCUEST and the YBT-UQ in overhead athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The risk factors for respiratory insufficiency in children with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) are poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with respiratory insufficiency in children with GBS. Methods This retrospective study included children diagnosed with GBS by pediatric neurologists and admitted at the Wuhan Children's Hospital and other hospitals from January 2013 to October 2022. The patients were divided into the respiratory insufficiency and nonrespiratory insufficiency groups according to whether they received assist breathing during treatment. Results The median (interquartile range) age of onset of 103 patients were 5 (3.1–8.5) years, 69 (67%) were male, and 64 (62.1%) had a history of precursor infection. Compared with the nonrespiratory insufficiency group, the respiratory insufficiency group showed more facial and/or bulbar weakness (p = 0.002), a higher Hughes Functional Grading Scale (HFGS) at admission (p < 0.001), and a shorter onset-to-admission interval (p = 0.017). Compared with the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) subtype, the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) subtype showed longer days from onset to lumbar (p = 0.000), lower HFGS at admission (p = 0.04), longer onset-to-admission interval (p = 0.001), and more cranial nerve involvement (p = 0.04). The incidence of respiratory insufficiency between AIDP and AMAN showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, facial and/or bulbar weakness, HFGS at admission, and onset-to-admission interval were associated with respiratory insufficiency and might be useful prognostic markers in children with GBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of proprioceptive training on hand function and activity limitation in patients undergoing open carpal tunnel release surgery. Randomized controlled study. A university hospital. Thirty patients were included in the study and randomized to proprioceptive training (PT) and conventional rehabilitation (CR) groups. One week after surgery, both groups received CR for 6 weeks. All participants were asked to perform home-based exercises daily in 3 sets with 10 repetitions. For the PT group, a 6-step PT program was conducted starting from Week 6. Both groups received face-to-face interventions twice a week for 12 weeks. The outcome measures included the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), the joint position sense test (JPST), the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale. In total, 3 assessments were performed (at 1, 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively). In the PT group, the results for PPT were statistically significant (P <.05). Although there was a greater decrease in the absolute angular error value (JPST) of the PT group compared to the CR group, the difference was nonsignificant (P >.05). Similar reductions in activity limitation were seen in both groups (PT: 176%, CR: 175%). Symptom severity decreased by 40% in the PT group vs 32% in the CR group. The effect sizes were larger for the changes between the second and third assessments in the PT group compared to the CR group in all parameters tested. When applied after carpal tunnel release surgery, PT may potentially to improve hand functions, reduce activity limitation, increase participation in activities of daily living, and thus improve quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CrossFit is a high intensity functional training that tends to challenge physical limits. The objectives of this study were to assess functional capacity, prevalence and risk of injury in CrossFit practitioners. This cross-sectional, observational and prospective study evaluate the rate of injuries that occurred in CrossFit practitioners in the last 12 months and their functional capacities. The sample was given for convenience, with a total of 22 participants. Functional capacities and risk of injury were measured by functional tests using PHAST and Clinometer applications. The prevalence of injuries was cataloged using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. 5% of the injuries occurred in the neck; 9% in shoulder, hip, thighs, ankles and feet; 14% in the lumbar spine and knees. The worst functional results were for the shoulder medial rotation ROM test, where 86–95% of the athletes were classified as "Bad"; the dorsiflexion ROM test also performed poorly in 68% of athletes. This study shows that the CrossFit practice suggests that the injury prevalence is relatively low, affecting mainly knees, lumbar spine, wrists and hands. However, the risk of injuries shown by the functional musculoskeletal assessment is higher, especially in the shoulder and ankle, and it is important for the practitioner to realize a specific functional assessment before starting training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patellofemoral pain is a common complaint between physically active subjects. Patients with patellofemoral pain present limitations to performing daily activities. Pain could alter proprioceptive acuity and lead to movement impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of pain and disability with proprioception acuity and physical performance in patients with patellofemoral pain. Methods: Forty-eight patients with patellofemoral pain [age 31.15 (5.91) years; 30 (62.50%) males] were recruited. Data collected included pain intensity, pain duration, disability, joint position sense (JPS) test at 20° and 60° of knee flexion, and physical performance tests (Single-Leg Triple-Hop Test and Y- Balance Test). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r s) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to assess the relationship between the variables. Pain intensity was correlated with Y-Balance Test posteromedial component (r s = −0.32, 95%CI = −0.55 to −0.03, p = 0.029) and the composite score (r s = −0.35, 95%CI = −0.58, −0.07, p = 0.015). Pain duration was correlated with Y-Balance Test posterolateral component (r s = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.53 to −0.01, p = 0.047). Disability was correlated with Y-Balance Test posteromedial component (r s = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.62, p = 0.004). Pain and disability were not correlated with JPS and the Single-Leg Triple-Hop Test. Pain and disability were related to Y-Balance Test but not to proprioceptive acuity and Single-Leg Triple-Hop Test in patients with patellofemoral pain. • The dynamic balance was related to pain and disability. • Pain and disability were not related to proprioceptive acuity. • Single-Leg Triple-Hop Test performance was not related to pain and disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During vertical jump evaluations in which jump height is estimated from flight time (FT), the jumper must maintain the same body posture between vertical takeoff and landing. As maintaining identical posture is rare during takeoff and landing between different jump attempts and in different individuals, we simulated the effect of changes in ankle position from takeoff to landing in vertical jumping to determine the range of errors that might occur in real-life scenarios. Our simulations account for changes in center of mass position during takeoff and landing, changes in ankle position, different subject statures (1.44–1.98 m), and poor to above-average jump heights. Our results show that using FT to estimate jump height without controlling for ankle position (allowing dorsiflexion) during the landing phase of the vertical jump can overestimate jump height by 18% in individuals of average stature and performing an average 30 cm jump or may overestimate by ≤60% for tall individuals performing a poor 10 cm jump, which is common for individuals jumping with added load. Nevertheless, as assessing jump heights based on FT is common practice, we offer a correction equation that can be used to reduce error, improving jump height measurement validity using the FT method allowing between-subject fair comparisons.

ObjectivesPhysical performance tests are predictive of mortality and may screen for certain health conditions (e.g., sarcopenia); however, their diagnostic and/or prognostic value has primarily been studied in age-limited or disease-specific cohorts. Our objective was to identify the most salient characteristics associated with three lower quarter balance and strength tests in a cohort of community-dwelling adults.MethodsWe applied a stacked elastic net approach on detailed data on sociodemographic, health and health-related behaviors, and biomarker data from the first visit of the Project Baseline Health Study (N = 2,502) to determine which variables were most associated with three physical performance measures: single-legged balance test (SLBT), sitting-rising test (SRT), and 30-second chair-stand test (30CST). Analyses were stratified by age (

The article focuses on evaluating chronic pain and its impact on functional capacity in individuals with HTLV-1. Topics include the prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain in these patients, the relationship between chronic pain and functional impairment, and the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on pain severity and functional outcomes.

Pharmacological treatments can extend the life span of mice. For optimal translation in humans, treatments should improve health during aging, and demonstrate efficacy when started later in life. Acarbose (ACA) and rapamycin (RAP) extend life span in mice when treatment is started early or later in life. Both drugs can also improve some indices of healthy aging, although there has been little systematic study of whether health benefits accrue differently depending on the age at which treatment is started. Here we compare the effects of early (4 months) versus late (16 months) onset ACA or RAP treatment on physical function and cardiac structure in genetically heterogeneous aged mice. ACA or RAP treatment improve rotarod acceleration and endurance capacity compared to controls, with effects that are largely similar in mice starting treatment from early or late in life. Compared to controls, cardiac hypertrophy is reduced by ACA or RAP in both sexes regardless of age at treatment onset. ACA has a greater effect on the cardiac lipidome than RAP, and the effects of early-life treatment are recapitulated by late-life treatment. These results indicate that late-life treatment with these drugs provide at least some of the benefits of life long treatment, although some of the benefits occur only in males, which could lead to sex differences in health outcomes later in life.