8 results on '"photo-assimilates"'
Search Results
2. Modelling time variations of root diameter and elongation rate as related to assimilate supply and demand
- Author
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Loïc Pagès, Marie Bernert, Guillaume Pagès, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BrainTech Laboratory [CHU Grenoble Alpes - Inserm U1205] (Brain Tech Lab ), CHU Grenoble-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Algorithms for Modeling and Simulating Nanosystems [2018-...] (NANO-D-POST [2018-2020]), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Lucas, Nelly, Algorithms for Modeling and Simulation of Nanosystems (NANO-D), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,phenotyping ,root growth ,Physiology ,Meristem ,Root (chord) ,Plant Science ,Root system ,Root tip ,Plasticity ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Growth model ,03 medical and health sciences ,MESH: Growth model ,photo-assimilates ,root meristem ,root traits ,structure-function model ,vascular resistance ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Mathematics ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 ,Maximal diameter ,15. Life on land ,Research Papers ,030104 developmental biology ,Homogeneous ,structure–function model ,Growth and Development ,Time variations ,Elongation ,Biological system ,human activities ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
We present a simple and generic model, based on mechanistic hypotheses, to represent the longitudinal variations of the diameter of individual roots and the associated diversity of growth patterns., In a given root system, individual roots usually exhibit a rather homogeneous tip structure although highly different diameters and growth patterns, and this diversity is of prime importance in the definition of the whole root system architecture and foraging characteristics. In order to represent and predict this diversity, we built a simple and generic model at root tip level combining structural and functional knowledge on root elongation. The tip diameter, reflecting meristem size, is used as a driving variable of elongation. It varies, in response to the fluctuations of photo-assimilate availability, between two limits (minimal and maximal diameter). The elongation rate is assumed to be dependent on the transient value of the diameter. Elongation stops when the tip reaches the minimal diameter. The model could satisfactorily reproduce patterns of root elongation and tip diameter changes observed in various species at different scales. Although continuous, the model could generate divergent root classes as classically observed within populations of lateral roots. This model should help interpret the large plasticity of root elongation patterns which can be obtained in response to different combinations of endogenous and exogenous factors. The parameters could be used in phenotyping the root system.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. مساهمة أجزاء المصدر (السوق والأوراق) في امتلاء الحبوب لدى بعض الطرز الوراثية من الشعير (.L vulgare Hordeum )تحت ظروف الزراعة المطرية
- Author
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التمو, منور طلال
- Abstract
The performance of some barley genotypes was evaluated under rainfed conditions in Dara'a (Izra'a research station) Syria in two successive growing seasons, in order to assess the genetic variability of the source (stem and leaves) contribution to grain filling under rainfed conditions. The trial was laid out according to the factorial complete randomized block design, with three replicates. Significant genetic variation was found in the response of barley genotypes to water-limited conditions. It was noticed that the stem contribution to the grain filling was significantly higher in the land races Acsad1602 and Acsad1614 (35.1, 29.2 g. plant-1 respectively), while it was significantly lower in the all wild relatives. The leaves contribution to the grain filling was significantly higher in the variety Acsad176, landrace Acsad1182 and the variety Acsad60 and the wild relatives Swaida'a and Amman. Results showed that the ratio of leaves contribution to the grain filling was significantly higher during the first growing season (51.7%) compared to the second growing season (38.9%), that is due to the water stress which accelerating the translocation of assimilates from leaves to grain. The 1000-kernel weight, grain yield were significantly higher in the varieties and land races compared to the wild relatives. The grain yield was significantly higher in the second season (1113 g.m-2) compared to the first growing season (811 g.m-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
4. Yield decline in mechanically harvested clonal tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) as influenced by changes in source/sink and radiation interception dynamics in the canopy.
- Author
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Madamombe, Godwil, Tesfamariam, Eyob, and Taylor, Nicky
- Subjects
- *
TEA , *HARVESTING , *PLANT canopies , *EFFECT of radiation on plants , *PLANT shoots - Abstract
High labour costs and shortages and the cost of production has resulted in tea ( Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) industries in central and southern Africa becoming unprofitable. This has led to the full mechanization of shoot harvesting, however, a reduction in yield has been observed with mechanical harvesting. It was hypothesized that the decline in yield as a result of mechanical harvesting is a result of the indiscriminate harvesting of shoots which leads to a change in sink/source and radiation interception dynamics within the canopy. As a result whole plant photosynthesis is impacted; which ultimately impacts tea bush productivity. Studies conducted at Tingamira estate, Chipinge, Zimbabwe showed significant yield differences between hand plucking and machine harvesting treatments, with higher yields under hand plucking across all seasons (43 945 kg green leaf ha −1 ) as compared to hand-held (35 114 kg green leaf ha −1 ) and ride-on machines (36 268 kg green leaf ha −1 ) ( p < 0.05). This reduction in yield was associated with a decrease in both the number and mass of desirable shoots over each season. The cause of this change was largely attributed to the indiscriminate removal of foliage by the machines which resulted in the proliferation of immature shoots, with an associated increase in sink strength and competition for available photo-assimilates. In addition, the depletion of the maintenance layer in mechanically harvested bushes, as indicated by reduced fractional interception of photosynthetically active radiation in the top 10 cm in these bushes and reduced photosynthetic rates in these bushes, suggests that these bushes were also source limited, as compared to hand plucked bushes. Therefore the changes in tea bush architecture, as a result of mechanical harvesting, resulted in changes in sink/source dynamics which led to a proliferation of immature shoots which competed for limited photo-assimilates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Tipos de poda em pepino dos grupos aodai, japonês e caipira
- Author
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Paulo César de Lima, Jéfferson Lm Nascimento, Iza Pc Lopes, Maria An Sediyama, and Sanzio Mollica Vidigal
- Subjects
Physics ,photo-assimilates ,dominância apical ,cultural management ,Soil Science ,Plant culture ,Cultural management ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,SB1-1110 ,desbrota ,shooting ,apical dominance ,staking ,tutoramento ,manejo cultural ,Cucumis sativus ,fotoassimilados - Abstract
A poda de ramas em plantas da família Cucurbitaceae é prática bastante controvertida e tem sido questionada por técnicos e produtores que buscam informações sobre a melhoria da produção de frutos, em pepineiro tutorado e cultivado a campo. Neste experimento, avaliou-se produtividade de frutos de três híbridos de pepino, com tutoramento vertical e diferentes tipos de poda. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais em Oratórios-MG, de 09 a 12/2010. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Três híbridos de pepino [Aladim (salada), Natsuno Kagayaki (japonês) e Safira (caipira)] constituíram as parcelas e cinco tipos de poda das plantas, as subparcelas. O plantio foi feito por meio de mudas. A colheita iniciou-se aos 52 dias após a semeadura, quando foram avaliados número e massa da matéria fresca dos frutos comerciais e massa da matéria fresca das plantas. O híbrido de maior produção foi Natsuno Kagayaki (62,97 t/ha), enquanto os híbridos Safira e Aladim produziram em média 45,51 e 40,16 t/ha respectivamente. A massa fresca média de frutos não foi influenciada pelo tipo de poda e nem pelos híbridos. O número total de frutos e a produtividade de frutos comerciais foram menores na poda mais drástica, ou seja, quando se fez poda, capação e podas de hastes laterais. Nessa poda ocorreu também redução na massa de matéria fresca da parte aérea da planta. Os tipos de podas realizados não proporcionaram ganhos na produtividade de frutos de pepino, para os três grupos e híbridos avaliados, na região da Zona da Mata Mineira.
- Published
- 2014
6. Modelling time variations of root diameter and elongation rate as related to assimilate supply and demand.
- Author
-
Pagès L, Bernert M, and Pagès G
- Subjects
- Meristem, Plant Roots
- Abstract
In a given root system, individual roots usually exhibit a rather homogeneous tip structure although highly different diameters and growth patterns, and this diversity is of prime importance in the definition of the whole root system architecture and foraging characteristics. In order to represent and predict this diversity, we built a simple and generic model at root tip level combining structural and functional knowledge on root elongation. The tip diameter, reflecting meristem size, is used as a driving variable of elongation. It varies, in response to the fluctuations of photo-assimilate availability, between two limits (minimal and maximal diameter). The elongation rate is assumed to be dependent on the transient value of the diameter. Elongation stops when the tip reaches the minimal diameter. The model could satisfactorily reproduce patterns of root elongation and tip diameter changes observed in various species at different scales. Although continuous, the model could generate divergent root classes as classically observed within populations of lateral roots. This model should help interpret the large plasticity of root elongation patterns which can be obtained in response to different combinations of endogenous and exogenous factors. The parameters could be used in phenotyping the root system., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Tipos de poda em pepino dos grupos aodai, japonês e caipira
- Author
-
Sediyama, Maria AN, Nascimento, Jéfferson LM, Lopes, Iza PC, Lima, Paulo C, and Vidigal, Sanzio M
- Subjects
desbrota ,shooting ,apical dominance ,staking ,photo-assimilates ,tutoramento ,dominância apical ,cultural management ,manejo cultural ,Cucumis sativus ,fotoassimilados - Abstract
A poda de ramas em plantas da família Cucurbitaceae é prática bastante controvertida e tem sido questionada por técnicos e produtores que buscam informações sobre a melhoria da produção de frutos, em pepineiro tutorado e cultivado a campo. Neste experimento, avaliou-se produtividade de frutos de três híbridos de pepino, com tutoramento vertical e diferentes tipos de poda. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais em Oratórios-MG, de 09 a 12/2010. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Três híbridos de pepino [Aladim (salada), Natsuno Kagayaki (japonês) e Safira (caipira)] constituíram as parcelas e cinco tipos de poda das plantas, as subparcelas. O plantio foi feito por meio de mudas. A colheita iniciou-se aos 52 dias após a semeadura, quando foram avaliados número e massa da matéria fresca dos frutos comerciais e massa da matéria fresca das plantas. O híbrido de maior produção foi Natsuno Kagayaki (62,97 t/ha), enquanto os híbridos Safira e Aladim produziram em média 45,51 e 40,16 t/ha respectivamente. A massa fresca média de frutos não foi influenciada pelo tipo de poda e nem pelos híbridos. O número total de frutos e a produtividade de frutos comerciais foram menores na poda mais drástica, ou seja, quando se fez poda, capação e podas de hastes laterais. Nessa poda ocorreu também redução na massa de matéria fresca da parte aérea da planta. Os tipos de podas realizados não proporcionaram ganhos na produtividade de frutos de pepino, para os três grupos e híbridos avaliados, na região da Zona da Mata Mineira. Branch pruning of plants of the Cucurbitaceae family is a very controversial practice. It has been questioned by technicians and farmers who search for information on how to improve fruit yield, especially for the field-grown staked cucumber plants. In this experiment, fruit yield of three cucumber hybrids with vertical staking and different methods of pruning were evaluated. The experiment, carried out at EPAMIG in Oratórios, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from September to December 2010, was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications in split plots. The plots were established by three cucumber hybrids [Aladim (salada), Natsuno Kagayaki (japanese) and Safira (caipira)] and the split-plots by five pruning methods. Seedlings were planted and the vertical staking system was applied. Harvesting initiated 52 days after sowing, when number of fruits and fresh mass of fruits and plants were evaluated. The hybrid Natsuno Kagayaki presented the highest yield (62.97 t/ha). Pruning did not influence number of fruits and fresh mass of fruits and plants. Cucumber fruit yield was not influenced by pruning method. In the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais, plant pruning does not provide gains in yield and fruit quality for the evaluated groups and hybrids of cucumber
- Published
- 2014
8. Physiological Basis for Reduced Glyphosate Efficacy on Weeds Grown under Low Soil Nitrogen
- Author
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Mithila, J., Swanton, C. J., Blackshaw, R. E., Cathcart, R. J., and Hall, J. Christopher
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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