Search

Se realizará una toma de datos con drones de un yacimiento arqueológico. Con estos datos, se creará una aplicación que permitirá realizar una visita virtual, usando técnicas de realidad aumentada.

In the last decade, in Romania, the management of large and very diverse agricultural areas from the point of view of the relief has been imposed especially the for the case of permanent grasslands. These ecosystems that are in balance due to the interdependence between the biotic and abiotic factors should be exploited according to correct management practices, supervised so that their level of production and quality should not be damaged. With the help of computer systems, the management and exploitation plan was established for 10-year periods corresponding to the period of renting these areas to livestock breeders. The present study aims at using the aerial monitoring with drone systems, the aerial surveillance of the correct implementation of management practices contractually assumed by the users and the breeders respectively. Thus, it is analyzed the quadratic processing of the surfaces, the compliance with the limits of rented areas, the observance of the load with animals per hectare (livestock unit LU) as well as of other management elements imported for maintaining and improving the condition of the permanent grasslands of Romania.

Soy is one of the main national agricultural commodities, and, according to projections, Brazil will be, in 2020, the largest producer of this grain. As it is inserted in a highly competitive market, agricultural producers are looking for alternatives to obtain better productive and economic performance. Currently adopting precision agriculture (PA) is one of the options to obtain the best results in agricultural production, working with practices and technologies that allow cost reduction, avoiding waste and acting with precision in problems. Remote sensing (RS) is one of the PA techniques in which it obtains the reflectance of an object without having physical contact with it, making it possible to calculate the vegetation indices (VI), which highlight the specific vegetation behavior. There are several sensors available today, among them, multispectral cameras and active vegetation sensors. Multispectral cameras can be loaded on remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), which make it possible to obtain a high degree of detail, due to the high spatial and temporal resolution. Infrared (IR) sensors, on the other hand, provide the achievement of an IR acting at field level. Thus, the objective was, with the use of a Sequoia multispectral camera embedded in an RPA and also with the use of the GreenSeeker vegetation sensor, to assess biomass, plant height and productivity in soybean culture. The experiment was carried out in the 2018/2019 harvest, in the experimental area of the Polytechnic College of Federal University of Santa Maria. To provide variability, three plant populations (12, 24 and 36 plants/m²) were used, in a randomized block design, with four replications. The surveys with Sequoia and GreenSeeker were carried out in stages V10, R3 and R5.3. In the same stages, biomass (kiln-dried) was collected, the height of the plants was measured and in R9, manual harvesting to measure productivity. Statistical analyzes were performed by Pearson's correlation between the VI (GNDVI, MPRI, NDRE and NDVI) and the variables biomass, plant height and productivity. The V10 was the stage in which the best results were observed, in which all VI of both sensors achieved significant correlations (strong and very strong) with biomass and height. From R3 onwards, saturation of the VI was observed among plant populations/m². Even so, NDRE was the only VI to obtain a significant correlation with shoot biomass. in one of the reproductive stages (R3). In R5.3, there was no correlation between vegetation indexes and any agronomic variables evaluated. There was no significant correlation of productivity with any of the VI, in any phenological stage. The MPRI achieved a performance similar to the other multispectral VI in the V10 stage, which makes it possible to obtain a potential VI using a visible RGB camera. It is understood that the plasticity of the soybean plant and the greater canopy closure from R3 onwards made it difficult to obtain better results in the correlations. A soja é umas das principais commodities agrícolas nacionais, e, segundo projeções, o Brasil será, em 2020, o maior produtor desse grão. Por estar inserido em um mercado de alta competitividade, os produtores agrícolas buscam alternativas para obter melhor desempenho produtivo e econômico. Atualmente a adoção da agricultura de precisão é uma das opções para a obtenção de melhores resultados na produção agrícola, trabalhando com práticas e tecnologias que permitem redução de custos, evitando desperdícios e agindo com precisão nos problemas. O sensoriamento remoto (SR) é uma das técnicas da AP em que se obtém a reflectância de um objeto sem ter contato físico com o mesmo, possibilitando a partir disso calcular os índices de vegetação (IVs), os quais destacam o comportamento espectral da vegetação. Existem diversos sensores disponíveis atualmente, dentre eles, as câmeras multiespectrais e sensores ativos de vegetação. As câmeras multiespectrais podem ser embarcadas em aeronaves remotamente pilotadas (ARPs), as quais possibilitam obter alto grau de detalhamento, pela elevada resolução espacial e temporal. Já os sensores de IV propiciam a obtenção de um IV atuando em nível de campo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se, com a utilização de uma câmera multiespectral modelo Sequoia embarcada em uma ARP e também com o uso do sensor de vegetação GreenSeeker, avaliar a biomassa, estatura de planta e produtividade na cultura da soja. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2018/2019, na área experimental do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Para proporcionar variabilidade, foram utilizadas três populações de planta (12, 24 e 36 plantas/m²), em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os levantamentos com a Sequoia e o GreenSeeker foram realizados nos estádios V10, R3 e R5.3. Nos mesmos estádios, foram coletadas biomassa da parte aérea (seca em estufa), aferida a estatura das plantas e em R9, a colheita manual para aferir o rendimento de grãos. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas por correlação de Pearson entre os IV (GNDVI, MPRI, NDRE e NDVI) e as variáveis biomassa da parte aérea, estatura de planta e rendimento de grãos. O V10 foi o estádio no qual foram observados os melhores resultados, no qual todos os IV de ambos os sensores alcançaram correlações significativas (forte e muito forte) com a biomassa e estatura. A partir do R3, observou-se o início da saturação dos IV entre as populações de plantas/m². Mesmo assim, o NDRE foi o único IV a obter correlação significativa com a biomassa da parte aérea. em um dos estádios reprodutivos (R3). Em R5.3, não houve correlação dos IV com nenhuma variável agronômica avaliada. Não foram observadas correlações significativas entre rendimento de grãos e os IV, em nenhum estádio fenológico. O MPRI obteve desempenho semelhante aos demais IV multiespectrais no estádio V10, o que possibilita a obtenção de um potencial IV utilizando uma câmera visível RGB. Entende-se que a plasticidade da planta de soja e o maior fechamento do dossel a partir de R3 tenha dificultado a obtenção de melhores resultados nas correlações.

Even more the use of UAV platforms is a standard for images or videos acquisitions from an aerial point of view. According to the enormous growth of requests, we are assisting to an increasing of the production of COTS (Commercial off the Shelf) platforms and systems to answer to the market requirements. In this last years, different platforms have been developed and sell at low-medium cost and nowadays the offer of interesting systems is very large. One of the most important company that produce UAV and other imaging systems is the DJI (Dà-Jiāng Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltd) founded in 2006 headquartered in Shenzhen – China. The platforms realized by the company range from low cost systems up to professional equipment, tailored for high resolution acquisitions useful for film maker purposes. According to the characteristics of the last developed low cost DJI platforms, the onboard sensors and the performance of the modern photogrammetric software based on Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms, those systems are nowadays employed for performing 3D surveys starting from the small up to the large scale. The present paper is aimed to test the characteristic in terms of image quality, flight operations, flight planning and accuracy evaluation of the final products of three COTS platforms realized by DJI: the Mavic Pro, the Phantom 4 and the Phantom 4 PRO. The test site chosen was the Chapel of San Giuliano in the municipality of Savigliano (Cuneo-Italy), a small church with two aisles dating back to the early eleventh century.

Begreppet drönare för de flesta utomstående förknippas oftast med hobbyverksamhet i form av foto- och videoskapande. Det senaste åren har allt fler byggföretag valt att satsa på arbetsmetoder där drönare tillåts ersätta befintlig utrustning. Detta examensarbete utfördes för att kartlägga potentialen hos drönarserien Phantom 4, samt de rådande för- och nackdelar med tekniken. Aktuellt är bland annat att studera hur planering-, utförande och bearbetningsskedet påverkas då drönare tillåts användas inom projekt. Syftet med denna studie är att planlägga vid vilka projekt dagens drönarteknik (Phantom 4) kan tillämpas samt de möjligheter som så kallad RTK-teknik kan ha för vidare betydelse för aktörer som vill uppgradera sin drönaranvändning och utrustning. Under arbetets gång har information granskats ifrån tidigare arbeten, litteraturstudier samt intervjuer med nyckelpersoner på Pontarius AB. Dessa personer arbetar dagligen med frågor och projekt som berör ämnesområdet, vilket varit användbart för att styrka det slutsatser som rapporten slutligen kunnat dra. Studien bekräftar att Phantom 4 serien har möjligheten att underlätta planeringen, utförandet och bearbetningen. Genom att göra arbetsmiljön säkrare uti fält, men också genom att minska mängden data som behöver korrigeras manuellt i efterhand. Samtidigt föreligger i dagsläget vissa begränsningar för drönartekniken. Däribland återfinns det faktum att drönaren inte når den precision i alla lägen som en traditionell inmätning gör och att den är begränsad av yttre faktorer, såsom vindkänslighet, väderberoende samt begränsad batteritid. Sammanfattningsvis kan studien konstatera att kunder till Pontarius AB fäller en avgörande roll inför vilken riktning som drönartekniken tillåts utvecklas inom företaget. Efterfrågan på den information som Phantom 4 kan tillhandahålla saknas i mångt och mycket ifrån kundens sida. Detta gör att tekniken inte kan nå sin fulla potential då den inte naturligt tillåts inkluderas i alla avseenden. Trots detta anser vi att en investering i en Phantom 4 RTK bör övervägas å Pontarius AB´s vägnar då denna drönartyp kan bidra med högre inmätningsnoggrannhet och enklare bearbetning av insamlat material.

One of the most demanded assets nowadays is energy. Over many options to generate it, humankind must seek sustainable ways; therefore, renewable energies must be empowered. Moreover, wind provides great benefits, granting uncalculated power at our disposition. Since this task is executed by big structures, their maintenance represents a difficult task for human efforts to achieve, because the height requires much support, effort and time to accomplish. A Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) can be adapted to perform surveillance on different types of surfaces, presenting a comfortable way to execute it in dangerous and difficult to access spaces, providing safer methods, and bringing experience of qualified workers and technology together. This paper will provide methods for generating a trajectory over Wind Turbine blades, relying on the specification of a Phantom 4. The main objective is to establish a path over this structure, based on the measurements of a specific model and incorporating all of the blades surface. The results were satisfying once the precision was inside the allowed deviation. Nevertheless, some issues might be improved such as the velocity between waypoints and the polynomial selected to define the trajectory.