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Science auxiliaire de l’histoire qui a pour objet l’étude des ordres, décorations, médailles, insignes de fonction et de distinction, la phaléristique aide l’historien en lui donnant des outils de datation et de localisation. Au-delà de donner des repères pour identifier et évaluer ce patrimoine méconnu, cet article propose de voir comment l’iconographie des différents insignes métalliques, prêtés, remis ou décernés aux membres des conseils de prud’hommes du début XIXe siècle à nos jours, a relayé l’iconographie du pouvoir ou les fiertés locales de chaque conseil. Par ordre chronologique d’apparition sont étudiés les : Jetons : après la création de la « prud’homie à la terre », instituée par l’empereur Napoléon à Lyon en 1806, des premiers jetons de présence apparaissent dès 1809. Pendant un siècle, d’autres villes sièges de conseil de prud’hommes vont également adopter ce principe de jeton pour offrir une compensation financière à leurs prud’hommes. Insignes de fonction : il faut attendre l’ordonnance royale du 12 novembre 1828, qui précise que les prud’hommes « porteront dans l’exercice de leurs fonctions, soit à l’audience, soit au-dehors, une médaille d’argent, suspendue à un ruban noir en sautoir ». Cet insigne de fonction qui a évolué dans le temps est toujours utilisé de nos jours. Médailles d’identité et d’honneur : enfin, seront évoquées les médailles d’identité des prud’hommes, apparues localement dès les années 1840, puis les très officielles médailles d’honneur de prud’hommes, à la fin du XIXe siècle, ancêtres des actuelles médailles d’honneur des services judiciaires, créées en 2011. Phaleristics is an auxiliary science of history, which studies orders, decorations, medals, insignia of office and distinction. It helps the historian by giving him tools for dating and identifying location. In addition to providing guidelines for identifying and evaluating this little-known heritage, this article shows how the iconography of various metal insignia – lent, given or awarded to the members of the Conseils des Prud'hommes from the early 19th century to the present day – conveys the iconography of power or of local prides dear to each of the Conseils. Our study, which follows the chronological order of appearance, involves: Tokens: following the creation of the “prud'homie à la terre”, created by Emperor Napoleon in Lyon in 1806, the first attendance tokens were created in 1809. During a century, other cities with such industrial tribunals would also adopt this principle of tokens to compensate financially their prud’hommes. Insignia of office: it was not until the Royal Order of 12 November, 1828, which indicated that the prud'hommes must wear a silver medal, suspended from a black ribbon to be worn in saltire, in the performance of their duties within or outside of the courtroom, that such an insignia came to be. This Insignia of Office, which has evolved over time, is still in use today. Medals of Identity and Honour: here we will study, first, the Medals of Identity of the prud’hommes, which appeared locally as early as the 1840s, followed by the very official prud’hommes Medals of Honour, which were issued late in the 19th century and are the precursors of the present-day Medals of Honour of the judicial services which were created in 2011 and are awarded today.

The article tells the history of the formation and the existence of a commemorative medalto the 10th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Poland, headed by Juzef Pilsudski.The introduction of such a jubilee medal, as well as some others: for example, a commemorativemedal "For the War of 1918-1921", a medal to May 3, issued in 1925, the "Cross of Merits" in1923, a medal “For the salvation of the dead” in 1928, the "Cross of the Courage", and manyothers – have been held for propaganda purposes and in order to strengthen patriotism and loyaltyamong the population.The idea of creating a medal for the restoration of independence was born relatively late –in the summer of 1928. Initially, it was intended to establish a "Medal of the 10th anniversary ofthe Polish Army" for the military. Later, on this occasion, a proposal was made to honor all of thecitizens of the Republic who made a concrete contribution to the cause of the revival of theMotherland. On August 18 in 1928, the decision to create a medal was made by order of VladislavChushkevich, a member of the Bureau of the Office of the Ministry of Military Affairs of Poland.On September 22, 1928, a government project was presented to create a new distinction titled "TheMedal of the Decade of Restored Independence". On September 27, 1928, the Presidium of theCouncil of Ministers approved the final text of the resolution on the publication of a new civilregistration. It was a commemorative medal of the Decade of Restored Independence.It was a round-shaped medal with a diameter of 35 mm with the image of the head ofMarshal Jozef Pilsudski on the front side and an allegory of field worker – a popular symbol in theform of a plowman. On the reverse side: "1918-1928". The images depicted in the medals werequite symbolic. On the one hand, we have the founder of Poland's independence, Josef Pillsudsky,and on the other hand, the plowman, a symbol widely understood by everyone as an allegory oflabor for the independence of the country. The medal was minted in Warsaw. Among the firstrecipients in the Polish Army were generals: Stanislav Vrublevsky, Stanislav Tachak, DanielKonarzhevsky, General Ludwik Danecz and Stanislav Gall – Bishop of the Polish Army. Themedal was also awarded to 400 priests who served as military chaplains or "for participation inspiritual or sanitary purposes."The "Decade of Restored Independence" medal practically ceased to be broadcast ininstitutions and departments reporting to the Ministry in the mid-1930s. Further awards weresporadic.It is difficult to determine the final number of people who were awarded the "Medal of theDecade of Independence". No aggregate list or list of award winners was saved. In the SmallStatistical Yearbook we find only information on the award of the medal: in Warsaw – 4 600medals, in Lviv – 4 600, in Poznan – 1300. However, the truth, the latter did not includeposthumous rewards. On the basis of calculations, the number of medals awarded by the "RevivedУкраїнський нумізматичний щорічник. Вип. 1.175Decade of Independence" is estimated at about 40,000 people. It can also be assumed that thisnumber could be hypothetically increased by approximately 60,000 civilian workers.The beginning of the WWII and the joint aggression of the Nazy Germany and SovietRussia against Poland in September 1939 stopped the existence and issuance of the medal. ThePolish authorities in exile did not extend these award. The medal, introduced as "sanation", and inaddition to the image of Marshal Jozef Plesudski, father of Polish independence, was unacceptableto the new government of the Second Republic of Poland. This medal was also not included in thenew emigration system and the system of differences of the Second World War.

The theme of this bachelor thesis is our for the time being last king Blessed Charles I the Emperor of Austria. The work describes artworks linked to the Emperor. It deals with orders, decorations and medals he established. It gives an account of the postage stamps and the coins where he is portrayed. It also focuses on Charles' portraits, coronation mintages and memory medals connected with his Imperal and Royal Majesty and compares them with selected coronation and jubilee mintages of the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, Wilhelm II, Germany Emperor, and George V, the King of the United Kingdom.The bachelor thesis is also supplemented by a brief biography of Charles.

Completed in 2016, the current system of corporate awards of the Academy of Sciences of Moldavia consists of six medals and four diplomas. All these are granted for outstanding scientific accomplishments, being unique for all the fields of research. The author approaches six medals (of which two commemorative), namely five to be worn on the chest, and also a table medal. Ranging from top to bottom, the hierarchy of these awards is as follows: a) “Meritul Ştiinţific” – “Scientific Merit” – Medal, Ist class and IInd class (instituted in 2016); b) “Dimitrie Cantemir” Medal (instituted in 1997 and modified in 2010); c) “Nicolae Milescu Spătarul” Medal (2013); d) “Savantul Anului” – “Scholar of the Year” – Medal (a table medal, 2016); e) “70 de ani ai Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei” – “70 Years of the Academy of Sciences of Moldavia” – Commemorative Medal (2016); f) “60 de ani ai Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei” – “60 Years of the Academy of Sciences of Moldavia” – Commemorative Medal (2006).

This article surveys images depicted on the reverses of papal annual medals in the seventeenth century, beginning in 1605 under Paul V (r. 1605–21) with the first confirmed annual medal, and ending in 1700 at the conclusion of the papacy of Innocent XII (r. 1691–1700), a reign that marked a distinct change in papal politics in advance of the eighteenth century. The article mines a wealth of numismatics images and places it within a narrative of seventeenth-century papal politics. In the ninety-six years under consideration, ten popes issued ninety-four annual medals (sede vacante produced generic annual medals in 1667 and 1691). Annual medals are a unique iteration of papal commemorative medals and they celebrate an important papal achievement from the preceding year. The production of annual medals was an exercise in identity creation, undertaken to advance the image of the pope as an aristocratic prince in three specific roles: as builder, warrior, and impresario. The timeliness of the medals makes them valuable sources to gauge the perceived success of the papacy on an annual basis and to chart the political course plotted by popes through the seventeenth century.

In this article the question on awarding Zaporozhian Cossacks by Russian government has been examined. There is traced the origin of information onawarding the last ataman P. Kalnyshevs’kyi with Order of St. Andrew and hispresentation to the rank of lieutenant general and is given the refutation of this., Рассматривается вопрос о награждении запорожских казаков российским правительством. Отслеживается происхождение и отрицается утверждение онаграждении последнего кошевого атамана П. Калнышевского орденом АндреяПервозванного и представление его к чину генерал-лейтенанта, В статті розглядається питання про нагороди запорозьких козаків російським урядом. Простежується походження і заперечується твердження про нагородження останнього кошового отамана П. Калниешевського орденом Андрія Первозваного і надання йому чина генерал-лейтенанта.