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Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To achieve sustainable shark fisheries, it is key to understand not only the biological drivers and environmental consequences of overfishing, but also the social and economic drivers of fisher behavior. The extinction risk of sharks is highest in coastal tropical waters, where small‐scale fisheries are most prevalent. Small‐scale fisheries provide a critical source of economic and nutritional security to coastal communities, and these fishers are among the most vulnerable social and economic groups. We used Kenya's and Zanzibar's small‐scale shark fisheries, which are illustrative of the many data‐poor, small‐scale shark fisheries worldwide, as case studies to explore the relationship between extinction risk and the economic and nutritional value of sharks. To achieve this, we combined existing data on shark landings, extinction risk, and nutritional value with sales data at 16 key landing sites and information from interviews with 476 fishers. Shark fisheries were an important source of economic and nutritional security, valued at >US$4 million annually and providing enough nutrition for tens of thousands of people. Economically and nutritionally, catches were dominated by threatened species (72.7% and 64.6–89.7%, respectively). The most economically valuable species were large and slow to reproduce (e.g. mobulid rays, wedgefish, and bull, silky, and mako sharks) and therefore more likely to be threatened with extinction. Given the financial incentive and intensive fishing pressure, small‐scale fisheries are undoubtedly major contributors to the decline of threatened coastal shark species. In the absence of effective fisheries management and enforcement, we argue that within small‐scale fisheries the conditions exist for an economically incentivized feedback loop in which vulnerable fishers are driven to persistently overfish vulnerable and declining shark species. To protect these species from extinction, this feedback loop must be broken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La discusión sobre el rol de Estado y su importancia en la definición e implementación de políticas y estrategias de desarrollo es un tema crucial. El 10 de diciembre de 2023 asume la presidencia de la República Argentina el economista Javier Milei auto proclamado como “liberal anarcocapitalista” instalando nuevamente la disyuntiva de “Estado si o Estado no”. Siguiendo la línea de investigación ITET UACO, de más de 20 años de trayectoria, sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones que tiene Caleta Olivia y la región para trabajar el Desarrollo Económico Territorial tomando como base el puerto y la pesca en Santa Cruz, se pretende, con este trabajo académico, exponer algunos aportes teóricos sobre la temática, desarrollar, a título de ejemplo, 3 (tres) hechos o eventos históricos que reflejan la intervención del Estado y su impacto en la actividad portuaria pesquera regional y nacional y trazar un correlato con las medidas políticas y económicas que promueve la denominada Ley “Bases y Puntos de Partida para la libertad de los argentinos” en esta materia. Por último, y con el objeto de visibilizar no solo la importancia del rol del Estado sino también como se vincula con otros actores sociales, se destacarán algunos modelos de gestión portuaria pesquera como así también aquellos sectores e instituciones que deberían estar involucrados, junto con el Estado, en la planificación del desarrollo tomando como epicentro el Puerto Caleta Paula.

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el territorio central andino, las pinzas han sido elaboradas con metales desde el período Horizonte Temprano (800 – 200 a.C.). Cuando se encuentran en contextos funerarios prehispánicos suelen estar asociadas principalmente a individuos masculinos y durante mucho tiempo se pensó que eran utilizadas predominantemente como depiladores, esto debido a que así aparece registrado en las fuentes escritas e iconográficas coloniales, así como en la cerámica prehispánica. Sin embargo, existen numerosas evidencias que permiten constatar sus múltiples usos. En este artículo presentaremos un recuento de casos reportados en la bibliografía arqueológica y en las fichas de registro de los objetos revisadas en colecciones museográficas, en los que las pinzas se ven vinculadas a diversas funciones, incluyendo la textilería, pesca, limpieza facial y su posible empleo en la metalurgia prehispánica. Asimismo, se presenta información etnográfica y de fuentes primarias donde se da cuenta del uso de las pinzas, lo que contribuye al entendimiento de las variadas funciones y significados que tuvieron.

Este artículo trata de demostrar que la situación de inseguridad en el golfo de Guinea constituye un problema de importancia para la seguridad de la Unión Europea, y más concretamente para la seguridad de España. En este sentido, se defiende que la forma en la que la Unión se ha aproximado a este problema de seguridad, no ha sido ni es el adecuado ya que, a pesar de reconocer la situación de inseguridad en esta región, no se han aplicado los mismos parámetros a la hora de evaluar la necesidad de implementar una operación militar en el Cuerno de África y en el golfo de Guinea. El resultado ha sido el mantenimiento de la operación “Atalanta” en una zona sin ataques piratas desde 2019 hasta finales del 2023, y la ausencia de una misión similar en el golfo de Guinea.

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fish are a prominent source of nutrients, yet in the southern Levant, clear evidence for fishing was scarce before the historic periods. In the current paper, we present the evidence for Natufian (ca. 15,000-11,700 cal BP) fishing with an emphasis on fishhooks, representing one of the best examples of an artefact that reached its morphological optimum thousands of years ago and continued to be widely used today. While fishing using various techniques and implements was probably in use well before the Natufian, this innovation seems to represent a new technique, more restricted and controlled, for obtaining this food source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos is the property of Taller de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Worldwide, false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are infrequently encountered, yet long-term studies have shown strong site fidelity as well as long-term associations among individuals in several locations. Detailed studies of this species have primarily been conducted around tropical oceanic islands or in the subtropical southern hemisphere. Objectives: We assess movements and association patterns among false killer whales along the Pacific coasts of the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica including Isla del Coco, and Panama, representing one of the longest-running (albeit non-continuous) studies of this species. We also examine photos for evidence of interactions with fisheries, a known source of mortality to false killer whales. Methods: From Central America, we selected 212 individuals (50 encounter groups) out of 244 individuals (56 encounters) for inclusion in analyses based on photo quality and distinctiveness. Photos were collected on dedicated surveys from 1991-1994 and dedicated and opportunistic surveys from 1998-2022. Other than the effort off the oceanic Isla del Coco (1993-1994), surveys were undertaken in continental shelf waters. Additionally, we selected by photo quality and distinctiveness 124 (33 encounter groups) out of 189 individuals from southern California and Mexico for inclusion in these analyses. Association patterns were analyzed in SOCPROG and movements were analyzed in R. Results: Of the 328 total individuals, 158 (48.2 %) were encountered more than once, and 114 (34.8 %) were re-sighted after a year or more. The longest individual sighting history spanned 26.2 years with six re-sightings over that period between southern Costa Rica and Panama. Association and movement analyses revealed that individuals identified off southern Costa Rica and Panama linked into a single social network, with extensive movements between the two countries. Three individuals encountered off northern Costa Rica were re-sighted off northern Nicaragua, and individuals encountered off Nicaragua were encountered off Guatemala and central mainland Mexico. Nine matches were found among false killer whales between central mainland Mexico and Central America. There were no matches between the mainland coastal waters and the 33 individuals encountered around Isla del Coco. Dorsal fin disfigurements consistent with interactions with line fisheries ranged from 0 to 21 % for individuals within social clusters identified by community division. Conclusions: The infrequency of sightings combined with a high re-sighting rate of individuals and groups from the same area, suggests multiple small populations with large home ranges that include coastal waters. Small populations are sensitive to environmental changes, and as the human population grows, so do the demands on fisheries and ecotourism, which could directly impact the different populations. Additional effort in offshore areas is needed to determine the population status of false killer whales in pelagic waters, how often false killer whales using coastal waters move into pelagic waters, and the relationship between whales in the two habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Introducción]: Los espacios litorales constituyen la interfaz entre los ambientes terrestres y marinos, conectados por múltiples procesos naturales y socioecológicos, proporcionando bienes y servicios ecosistémicos para el bienestar humano. [Objetivo]: Identificar los usos y actividades tanto terrestres como marinos con implicancias mutuas y los procesos biofísicos en la región norte del Ecosistema Costero Bonaerense (Argentina), con el fin de evaluar el grado de compatibilidad o conflicto entre estas actividades, con énfasis en el sector pesquero. [Metodología]: Se aplicó el análisis metodológico tierra-mar-tierra (T-M-T). Se determinaron los usos y actividades (UyA), así como procesos biofísicos de origen marino y terrestre. Se identificaron las interacciones entre UyA marinos y terrestres, y procesos físicos T-M-T, para su posterior categorización y análisis de las interacciones previamente identificadas. [Resultados]: Se notaron 121 interacciones de UyA T-M-T vinculadas con la pesca. Predominaron los conflictos medios por competencia de espacio o recursos y se relacionaron con la coexistencia espacial y temporal de UyA (turísticas, pesquera y comunicaciones). Se detectaron 68 interacciones negativas entre los procesos biofísicos y UyA asociados a eventos climáticos e impactos derivados del cambio climático (modificaciones en la temperatura superficial del mar, circulación atmosférica y oceánica, así como variaciones en el transporte de sedimentos y erosión costera). [Conclusiones]: El análisis efectuado constituye un avance en el estudio entre UyA T-M-T en zonas litorales costero-marinas de la costa atlántica y de sus interacciones, con énfasis en la actividad pesquera, como aporte a la gestión de aquellos, con un enfoque ecosistémico.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo iniciar la reflexión sobre el impacto de la integración española en la CEE en el sector primario. El análisis de este ángulo ciego de la historiografía actual permitirá ofrecer nuevas visiones sobre el cambio de las políticas públicas españolas y comunitarias, las transformaciones de la administración, el poder de España en Bruselas y también conocer la relación entre integración europea y los diferentes niveles de política de un país, todo ello en relación con su agricultura y su pesca.

O alagamento das Sete Quedas para a formação da usina hidrelétrica de Itaipu, no rio Paraná, gerou impactos sobre a pesca. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção ambiental dos pescadores da região do Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande sobre as mudanças ambientais ocorridas após a formação do reservatório de Itaipu e sua relação com a pesca da região. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, com roteiro semiestruturado, devidamente aprovado pelo conselho de ética da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Esse roteiro contém 26 perguntas direcionadas ao levantamento das características socioeconômicas da atividade e das alterações ocorridas desde 1980 até 2020. As variáveis qualitativas foram analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que os pescadores possuem conhecimento e percepção sobre as mudanças ambientais ocorridas nos últimos 40 anos e sobre as consequências destas nos espaços de pesca e moradia onde estão inseridos. Demonstraram discernimento sobre as alterações no leito, no curso e nas margens do rio Paraná, sobre assoreamento, bem como ciência da diminuição e/ou extinção de espécies de peixes, alinhados com o encontrado na literatura científica. Assim, para os pescadores artesanais, o alagamento acarretou perdas sociais, culturais e econômicas. Torna-se necessária a atuação dos poderes públicos, amparados por informações científicas, orientando ações de educação ambiental e medidas mitigadoras dos impactos ambientais gerados e de apoio aos pescadores.

El propósito de este artículo es describir una metodología denominada la escucha expandida como un modo de hacer investigación etnográfica. Esta propuesta emerge del trabajo de campo de una tesis doctoral en curso que relaciona la pesca artesanal y su arraigo al territorio en el corregimiento de la Boquilla, ubicado en Cartagena de Indias -Colombia. En el apartado de la metodología se esbozan tres momentos: i) la escucha del investigador en el lugar de la investigación, ii) la escucha relacional de los cuerpos, iii) la reflexividad. En la investigación participan los pescadores que realizan la pesca artesanal con boliche en el territorio, siendo este el único criterio de inclusión de las personas vinculadas al estudio. Al final, se concluye que la escucha expandida etnográfica genera una condición de relacionalidad entendida como una posibilidad de escucharnos en medio de un espacio -territorio- vivo y no vivo.

Contexto: Os caminhos da formação docente são marcados por mudanças e incertezas sobre que tipo de educador e educadora cada sujeito almeja se tornar. Experiências durante o processo de formação escolar, graduação, pós-graduação, estágios, projetos e a posterior iniciação no mercado de trabalho são caminhos que nos moldam enquanto docentes. Metodologia: O presente relato de experiência busca caracterizar e discutir a importância do Estágio de Docência Orientada na formação na pós-graduação a partir das atividades desenvolvidas na disciplina de Geografia, pesca e aquicultura, desenvolvida no ano de 2022 na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Considerações: Observa-se que o processo de aprendizado perpassa diretamente pela construção de uma educação inclusiva, que leve em conta a realidade estudantil, suas experiências e suas perspectivas, sobretudo no processo de formação, onde os trajetos de formação docente e na pós-graduação são contínuos e marcados pelas novas experiências que são vivenciadas ao longo de cada trajetória, para além da pesquisa.

Ucides occidentalis is a crab with fishery importance in Ecuador. The objective of this work was to estimate its abundance in an area of mangrove use and custody, in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The population density was represented by the density population and size, determined by the distance sampling using transect points. A total of 38 sampling sites were established by a non-probability sampling of opportunity. The individuals were collected by local fishermen. Each crab was sexed and its size (i.e., CW-carapace width) was recorded with a Vernier caliper. Sex ratio, mean size, density, and population size were determined. The sex ratio indicates a slightly higher number of females (1:1.10). The mean population size was 7,47 cm CW; the males presented a bigger size (7,69 cm CW) relative to the females (7,33 cm CW). The population density was 0,27 ind/m2 and the population size was 743 670 individuals. The highest density was presented by females, followed by commercial males (> 7,5 cm BC). Non-commercial males (<0,75 cm BC) had a low abundance (0,03 ind./m2). The sex ratio differs between previous reports, which could be related to the prohibition on capturing females in Ecuador, which causes a major fishing effort on males. The abundance of U. occidentalis is lower than that reported by other authors (i.e., 0,61-1,2 ind./m2) and that should be taken with caution due to the differences in the methodologies used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of African Political Economy is the property of Review of Political Economy (ROAPE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Introdução: a pesca artesanal e a mariscagem são consideradas atividades especiais, para fins de benefícios, no âmbito do Regime Geral de Previdência Social do Brasil. Objetivo: descrever o acesso aos benefícios previdenciários por uma população quilombola tradicional pesqueira no Nordeste do Brasil, cuja principal atividade ocupacional é a extração e beneficiamento de mariscos. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, em uma comunidade da Ilha da Maré, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, utilizando questionários padronizados. Resultados: participaram 213 pescadores artesanais e marisqueiras, 76,5% do sexo feminino. Dentre os participantes, 62,9% não recebem nenhum tipo de benefício previdenciário. Apesar de se submeter a uma jornada de trabalho exaustiva (90,9%), com exposição a substâncias químicas (83,9%), ruído (69,9%) e radiação solar (88,2%), a maioria não obtém rendimentos que garantam a subsistência familiar (79,6%). Conclusão: há um importante déficit no recebimento de benefícios previdenciários em uma população quilombola tradicional que atende aos critérios de segurados especiais. Sugere-se adequação da legislação, de forma que o acesso aos benefícios se torne mais justo para as comunidades tradicionais.

Fish stocking is a common management strategy in Brazil, yet no assessment has examined its real extent and features. The present work investigated fish stocking practices in Brazil between 2010 and 2019 to characterize propagule pressure, species composition, the use of non-native species, geographical and temporal trends, environment types, and responsible agencies. Based on information disseminated on the internet, the study detected 1,155 stocking events (ca. 115 events/year). In total, ca. 56.4 million fish were stocked, with an average of ca. 90 thousand fish/event. We found events in all Brazilian regions involving 436 municipalities and 21 states. Most events occurred in the Northeast region (66.3%), which received alone ca. 41 million fish. Reservoirs were the primary target environment, and the public sector conducted most events. Fish stocking involved 63 taxa, including 14 non-native taxa and three hybrids. Considering the events that informed composition, 62.4% released non-native species, which summed 19.7 million fish. These results provide a broad overview of fish stocking practices in Brazil, and reveal that this action is widely disseminated. Its frequent use, associated with the lack of proper criteria and the illegal stocking of nonnative species, raise concerns about technical aspects, outcomes, and potential environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general purpose of this qualitative research with ethnographic design is to show the challenges faced by the Zapotec fishing community of Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, it is intended to explain the status of the SDGs and their most significant aims, in addition to knowing the perception of the population regarding their strengths and relevant problems. It was found that if, despite the present limitations, the considerable human, social and natural capital available is used wisely, the future could be promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of kul-tur: Revista Interdisciplinària Sobre la Cultura de la Ciutat is the property of kul-tur: Revista Interdisciplinaria Sobre la Cultura de la Ciutat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consumo de carne de cetáceos silvestres en Santo Tomé y Príncipe (Golfo de Guinea) Se sabe relativamente poco sobre los cetáceos de Santo Tomé y Príncipe y, en los últimos años, se han descrito algunos episodios de captura incidental y consumo humano de cetáceos. Con objeto de aportar conocimientos sobre la dependencia de los cetáceos como fuente de carne, presentamos los resultados de los estudios complementarios que se realizaron en las islas de Santo Tomé y Príncipe entre 2012 y 2021. A partir de las entrevistas realizadas a los residentes locales, evaluamos la prevalencia del consumo humano de cetáceos y determinamos los posibles factores sociodemográficos que intervienen en este consumo. En el presente estudio se proporciona la primera evaluación exhaustiva de la captura (directa o incidental) y el consumo de cetáceos (principalmente de la familia Delphinidae) en el país. Estos resultados deberían servir para fundamentar las medidas de conservación y contribuir a que se comprendan las actividades antropogénicas que afectan a las poblaciones de cetáceos en el Golfo de Guinea.

Sharks are among the marine organisms most impacted by intense fisheries, a worrying fact since they are key components in the trophic structure of ecosystems. In this context, fish landing data can help managers in shark conservation. This study characterized the landings of Carcharhinus acronotus, Mustelus cf. canis, and Sphyrna mokarran in the Mucuripe Embayment, Ceará, Brazil, along three study periods (1998-1999, 2006-2008, and 2015-2016). A total of 223 specimens were recorded from 227 site visits. Carcharhinus acronotus specimens measured from 50 to 139 cm in total length (TL), with a 1.3:1 sex ratio in favor of males. Most of the specimens recorded were adults (55.1% of males and 62.9% of females). Mustelus cf. canis varied from 64 to 133 cm in TL, with a sex ratio in favor of females (3.1:1). Most of the specimens recorded were adults (50% of males and 68% of females). Sphyrna mokarran specimens varied from 116 to 380 cm in TL, with a sex ratio of 7:1 in favor of males. Most of the specimens recorded were juveniles. This is the first fishery-dependent study to provide information on size and sex composition of these species for most of the southwestern equatorial Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study is to explore the ethnomathematical connections established by seventh grade students from southern Chile when they participate in an ethnomathematical sequence based on fishing. The methodology is qualitative and is developed in three stages: 1) exploration of ethnomathematical connections between fishing and the national mathematics curriculum, 2) proposal for the design of ethnomathematical sequences, and 3) exploration of ethnomathematical connections in student productions generated in workshops. The results show that students use mathematical knowledge similar to that used by fishermen when they create problems related to sea depths. This involves integers and solving situations considering location and displacement according to reference points. It is concluded that students appropriate the mathematical knowledge involving fishing activities and that they use these ethnomathematical connections to pose and solve mathematical tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pesca con fines ornamentales comienza la Republica Dominicana en la década de los 80. El país se consolida como un exportador mediano de especies marinas destinadas al comercio de acuarios recreativos, exportando hacia 8 países en tres continentes. Se describen los impactos más importantes hacia los arrecifes de coral y se detalla cómo es ejercida esta actividad en el país. Se enumera las especies más importantes y las tasas de exportación entre 2016-2019. Un total de 162 especies repartidas entre invertebrados y peces son exportadas anualmente. De este total, 43 familias de peces son utilizadas, siendo Serranidae la de mayor cantidad de especies capturadas. Los crustáceos constituyen el grupo de invertebrados más demandados, con Pagurites cadenati a la cabeza de las exportaciones. Por último, se recomienda continuar con la Resolución de Ordenamiento para la Pesca de Organismos Marinos de Interés Ornamental para establecer cotas de capturas y preservación de las especies capturadas.

Resumen La explotación de los recursos costero-marinos en nuestras costas ha ocurrido desde hace unos 12 000 años; esta actividad ha sido intensa y con menosprecio por el estado del recurso que se explota; como consecuencia, muchos de los recursos han colapsado a través de los siglos: las perlas, el carey, la madreperla, las tortugas, las chuchecas y muchas otras especies han dejado de ser comercialmente viables. Actualmente, los recursos pesqueros, que antes se creían inagotables, también muestran señales inequívocas de sobreexplotación. Lejos de haber mejorado nuestra relación con los recursos marinos ha empeorado; el aumento de la explotación, combinada con la contaminación y el calentamiento de nuestros mares, los ha deteriorado. Los imprescindibles análisis de biomasa y estado de las poblaciones explotadas siguieron sin realizarse, aún después de la fundación del INCOPESCA en 1994. Los desembarcos totales, entre 2000 y 2015, disminuyeron en un 45 % y la flota artesanal ha sido la más golpeada. Las embarcaciones pesqueras han pasado de 5 000 en el 2010 a menos de 2 000 cuatro años después y el número de empleos en el sector ha disminuido en un 50 %. Es urgente que tengamos una institucionalidad capaz de generar información que permita determinar el nivel y la forma de explotación adecuados. Este manejo debe ser independiente de intereses económicos y políticos y debe venir acompañado de una administración eficiente y efectiva, así como de un control y vigilancia estrictos de la actividad.

Tomando como punto de partida el debate italiano sobre la noción de bie­nes comunes, el artículo analiza la categoría marciana de res ommunes omnium para perfilar su estatuto jurídico, del que se desprende que nadie supiera ser excluido de disfrutar de los recursos que la naturaleza pone a disposición de todos.

Este estudo analisa a prática do descarte de resíduos de peixe na comunidade da Barra do João Pedro, Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da abordagem da etnografia arqueológica – etnoarqueologia –, isto é, da observação e participação nas práticas cotidianas dos pescadores, pretende-se demonstrar o caráter associativo e orgânico do descarte de resíduos. A narrativa decorrente dessa experiência junto da comunidade será acompanhada de uma reflexão teórica sobre o papel do rio como um agenciador de relações na prática do descarte dos resíduos.

Pretendemos desarrollar un proyecto de pesca en la ciudad de Bakau en Gambia, pequeño país de África Occidental rodeado por Senegal y perteneciente al Sahel (palabra árabe que significa “borde o costa”), con una estrecha costa en el Océano Atlántico. Es famoso por sus diversos ecosistemas en torno al río Gambia central, el protagonista como eje vertebrador, pues es el que da la vida a los pobladores a lo largo del río. Nuestro Objetivo Principal será que los pescadores locales puedan desempeñar su labor y, así poder, de esta manera, vivir de su trabajo, siendo por tanto autosuficientes y autónomos, tanto en el presente inmediato como en el futuro próximo. De este modo, este será el legado a sus hijos para que dicho proyecto sea sostenible y replicable en el tiempo y en el espacio.

La presència de gent de mar i de comerciants catalanoparlants a l’Andalusia atlàntica és una constant històrica documentada, almenys, des del segle xiii. Aquesta presència ha tingut unes conseqüències lingüístiques que es testimonien en l’existència de nombrosos préstecs dintre del lèxic marítim entre el català i el castellà. En relació amb aquesta dinàmica, en el present treball estudiem el procés d’emigració de pescadors catalanoparlants, especialment valencians, a les costes de Cadis des del segle xviii fins a l’últim terç del segle xx, motivada per l’aparició d’una nova tècnica pesquera: l’arrossegament amb parelles de bou. Aquesta innovació halièutica proporcionà un gran avantatge als pescadors valencians i originà un moviment emigratori cap a les costes andaluses. Es tracta d’un contacte humà i lingüístic que ha deixat una marca visible en l’aparició d’ictiònims atlàntics com cavalla, marraix, bacallaret o pinta-roja entre altres.

Resumo A proposta central do texto é discutir a previsibilidade e a importância da pesca dos bagres enquanto espécies transversais presentes nos cerritos e sambaquis do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, serão combinados dados históricos, etnográficos e arqueológicos, buscando evidenciar a relevância da pesca cotidiana, fundamentada nos prognósticos e ações de curto prazo, em contraponto aos ‘grandes’ calendários sazonais, característicos de algumas espécies do litoral brasileiro e apontados como pescas estruturantes das comunidades costeiras.

Background. The fishing problem in the Lagunar de Alvarado System (LAS), taking into account environmental or socioeconomic aspects, has been analyzed by various authors, but few have addressed the relationship between environmental problems as perceived by fishermen, and migration. Objective. To identify the migration phenomenon in three zones of the LAS and its relationship with environmental problems perceived by fishermen. Methodology. Information was compiled from a survey applied to 32 Family Fishing Units. To quantify the environmental problem perceived and relate it to migration, three indicators were used: Pollution Perceived by fishermen, State of Perceived Health of the Fishery Resource and State of Perceived Health of the Environment. Results. The wetland areas have more precarious socioeconomic conditions than the area that borders the mainland, while migration and perceived environmental problems vary in each zone. Implications. Because the causes of migration are multiple, environmental deterioration has an impact on this phenomenon but does not explain it by itself. Therefore, more comprehensive analyses are required. Conclusions. There is insufficient evidence to affirm that the environmental deterioration identified by fishermen is an important motivation for migration.

The article presents the Ordinances of El Puerto de Santa María from 1567, which regulate agricultural and livestock activities, the protection of the Guadalete River, and the sale of wine in the town. These ordinances were drafted by the Municipal Council and required the approval of the lord of the town. It is prohibited to bring livestock from outside without paying a fee to the council's cattleman, and fines are established for those who bring pigs from outside to feed in the town. Sanctions are also imposed for those who sell bulk wine outside their homes and for those who sell wine from their vineyards in the town without it being bottled or in barrels. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: In this article, the significance of health and health practices in a group of artisanal fishermen from Yucatan, Mexico, are analyzed from the theory of social representations. Methodology: With a qualitative approach and ethnographic design, indirect observation was carried out in social networks (Facebook), direct observation in the community, and interviews with 10 artisanal fishermen, having as an axis of conversation discomfort, well-being and affectivity. Collection ended when saturation was reached. The information was typed for later content analysis using the ATLAS.ti 8 program. Results: The representative content is obscured by the dominant medical discourse, which emphasizes disease and its treatment. The body becomes the repository of discomfort. At the same time, it serves as the object that reflects it. At the affective level, there is a contradiction between living happily without worries and living with the fear and uncertainty of having a good catch or returning home. Conclusion: The discourse on fishermen's health protects contextual references that are built on an economic foundation that obscures the fishermen's problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production and consumption of tilapia (Cichlidae) are very popular in the world, so the safety of the meat produced must be ensured given the potential risk of zoonotic transmission of parasites; For this reason, the objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic review on the prevalence, distribution and hosts that intervene in the life cycle of trematode helminths that can be transmitted zoonotically in the consumption of tilapia. The bibliographic review was carried out with six specialized search engines. 1,044 articles were analyzed, of which 113 included epidemiological data. Tilapia was reported as the intermediate host of 15 species of trematodes that affect humans, 6 parasites were reported at the genus level and 2 parasites at the family level. The described flukes belong to the families Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae. Reported prevalences range from 1% in infections by Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus to 93.64% in multiparasitic infections by Haplorchis yokogawi, Pygidiopsis genata and Phagicola ascolonga. Although the biodiversity of documented helminths in tilapia is abundant, the available information is still insufficient, situating tilapia as a potential transmitter of these helminths in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O lixo no mar é um problema crescente e mundial. Governador Celso Ramos é um município situado no litoral central de Santa Catarina e o turismo e a pesca são atividades econômicas predominantes. Este estudo testou hipóteses relativas à variabilidade sazonal e a origem mais provável do lixo marinho através de uma amostragem com replicação espacial e temporal. A influência da estação do ano na densidade de lixo marinho não foi fator consistente entre as praias estudadas. Itens provavelmente associados à pesca foram mais presentes no inverno, enquanto que itens associados ao uso recreativo foram mais presentes no verão. Esses resultados poderão auxiliar a municipalidade a melhor direcionar as iniciativas de gestão e educação ambiental visando o combate ao lixo no mar.

La pesca en el lago Metztitlán (estado de Hidalgo) acontece desde tiempos inmemoriales, por lo que no es de extrañar que abunden las investigaciones hidrobiológicas, geológicas e históricas, sin embargo, escasean los estudios enfocados en lo social. Conjugando metodologías geográficas y antropológicas, se reconstruyen los procesos territoriales sucedidos en el lago desde los años 1950, década a la que se remontan los recuerdos de los actores entrevistados, hasta 2020 último año en el que el lago se secó. Asimismo, se indaga sobre las relaciones establecidas entre dos territorialidades superpuestas: la estatal (relativa al Estado) y la comunitaria (vinculada a los acuerdos locales). Los resultados distinguen tres etapas: «no capitalista» (1950-1984), «capitalista productivista» (1985-1999) y «hacia el capitalismo verde» (2000-2020); también fundamentan que el lago se convirtió en un territorio capitalista por los poderes públicos que, si bien inicialmente entendieron la pesca como medio para mejorar la alimentación de la comarca, más adelante la convertirían en una actividad comercial; por último, confirman que las relaciones territoriales establecidas son convergentes.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar el nivel de competitividad que tiene Chile en los productos destacados de su industria pesquera y acuícola, analizando su evolución entre los años 2008 y 2019. Para esto se caracterizó el mercado exportador de este sector para el país objetivo, como también el mercado internacional de esta industria. Posteriormente, mediante el uso del índice de ventajas comparativas se calcula el nivel de competitividad de Chile y su competencia, considerando las ventajas o desventajas de las exportaciones e importaciones del país estudiado con respecto al resto del mundo. Se analizan los ocho productos con mayor desempeño exportado concluyendo que Chile posee ventajas comparativas en cinco de estos.

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper (AGG), Epinephelus itajara, the largest Epinephelidae in the Atlantic Ocean, it is classified as critically endangered in Brazil. In the Brazilian northeast, studies focusing on the species are still incipient. Here we study the occurrence, habitat use, and spatial distribution of AGG in Alagoas (Brazil) by combining participatory methods, such as Citizen Science and Local Ecological Knowledge. Living individuals represented 64% (n = 85) of the records, while dead individuals were 36% (n = 47), with 14 records from illegal captures. Juveniles are common in estuaries and shallow natural coastal reefs, while adults are distributed in deeper areas on natural and artificial reefs. The occurrence was significantly higher on Alagoas' southern coast. The São Francisco River (SFR) estuary stood out with 52 occurrences. We mapped 37 occurrence sites for AGG distributed along the coast, emphasising an artificial reef near SFR that received 12 reports about aggregations. The influence area of the SFR was indicated as a priority for species conservation due to the identification of a nursery and possible aggregations close to its mouth. We highlight the urgency of implementing short and long-term management actions along Alagoas' coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artisanal fishing is characterized as one of the main activities of economic importance in the world, standing out for being a valuable source of employment and income for many fishing communities, being responsible for employing 40 million people directly involved, where 90% of the fishermen are small scale. Ethnoichthyology studies the popular knowledge that traditional communities have about fish. This work aimed, through a literature review, to highlight the ethnoichthyological knowledge of fishermen. The methodology involved the selection of articles in the Google Academic and Scielo databases. Studies point to the importance of traditional knowledge for understanding the food, medicinal, and technological potential of wild fauna [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garbage at sea is a growing and worldwide problem. Governador Celso Ramos is located on the central coast of Santa Catarina and has tourism and fishing as the predominant economic activities. This study tested hypotheses regarding seasonal variability and the most likely origin of marine litter through sampling with spatial and temporal replication. The influence of the season on the density of marine litter was not a significant factor across beaches studied. Items probably associated with fishing activity were more present in winter, while items associated with recreational use of the beach were observed in greater numbers in summer. These results may help the municipality to better direct environmental management and education initiatives aimed at combating waste at sea [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Hg was quantified in the dorsal muscle of the 11 species of fish most consumed in San Marcos, located in the region of La Mojana. Materials and methods. Dorsal muscle samples were taken from the fish species, T-Hg concentrations were quantified using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS). Results. The species with the highest T-Hg values were those with carnivorous eating habits: Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum (0.44±0.09 µg/g), Plagioscion surinamensis (0.42±0.14 µg/g) and Hoplias malabaricus (0.39±0.11 µg/g). However, the maximum recommended amount of Hg in fish (0.5 µg/g) set by the European Union, was not exceeded by any of the species studied. Conclusions. It is concluded that the commercial ichthyofauna of La Mojana is contaminated by Hg, a result of the mining activities that take place in the channels of the rivers that discharge in this region. The persistent consumption of fish from the evaluated areas by its inhabitants represents a high risk, due to the high toxicity of Hg, which presents adverse effects on human health even when it is consumed in low doses for prolonged periods of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]