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Namen diplomske naloge je raziskati pojem kostumizacije, ki je v tem času zelo uporabljen in popularen. Prihodnost modne industrije je v prilagajanju vsakemu posamezniku. Hitra moda ni več aktualna in vedno bolj se jo zavrača, saj ni trajnostna, kar pa pomeni, da škoduje okolju, ljudem in vsem ostalim živim bitjem. Zaradi vedno večjega zavedanja o okoljevarstvu in potrebe po lokalni samooskrbi so v diplomi obravnavane možnosti lokalne izdelave oblačila in potrebe lokalnih kupcev. Rezultat naloge je uniseks kolekcija kostumiziranega puloverja, ki je nadgradnja znamke Goodwill. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to explore the concept of customized design, which is highly used and popular at present time. I believe that the future of the fashion industry lies in adapting to each individual. Fast fashion is no longer relevant and is being increasingly rejected because it is not sustainable and therefor harmfull for the environment, people and other living beings. Increasingly growing awareness of environmental protection and the need for local self-sufficiency,contributed to the theme that is also discussed by this diploma,which is possibilities of local clothing production and the needs of local customers. The end result reflects the thesis and puts it into fizical form, a unisex collection of customized sweaters, which is also an upgrade of the Goodwill brand.

Nadzorni kapitalizam kao novi način funkcioniranja tržišne ekonomije u prošlom desetljeću počeo se pretežito koristiti društvenim medijima kod postizanja svojih ciljeva. Naime, društveni mediji i njegove platforme postale su prvi izbor kod ljudi kada je u pitanju komunikacija, informiranje i kupovina. Time, nadzorni kapitalisti svojim su tehnologijama uspjeli kontrolirati tijek informacija i podataka koji korisnik ostavlja na društvenim medijima tokom korištenja njihovih platformi. Tim načinom, nadzorni kapitalisti imaju moć personalizirati podatke koje korisnik vidi na društvenim medijima i kontrolirati što pojedinac misli i radi. Stoga dolazi do pitanja da li takav pristup predstavlja rizik za ljudska prava i demokraciju. Ovaj rad analizirati će – “Koji su potencijalni rizici korištenja društvenih medija za ljudska prava i demokraciju? “. Kako bi na zadano pitanje rad odgovorio, izuzev uvodnog i zaključnog poglavlja, podijeljen je u četiri glavna poglavlja koja analiziraju zadanu problematiku. Kao potencijalne rizike, rad identificira rizik narušavanja privatnosti pojedinca kada koristi društvene medije te rizike narušavanja autonomije i slobode izražavanja. Također, kada je u pitanju politička participacija, neki od rizika koje rad uočava jesu rizici nailaženja pojedina na eho-komore, kaskade i polarizaciju. Isto tako, rad se koristi studijom slučaja SAD predsjedničkih izbora 2016. godine kako bi analizirao rizike koji su se pojavili korištenjem društvenih medija kao strategija za predsjedničku kampanju. U zaključku, rad sugerira kako bi kao preporuka za daljnje praćenje i eliminiranje rizika tokom korištenja društvenih medija se trebalo fokusirati na povećavanju transparentnosti i odgovornosti kompanija i drugih aktera koji se koriste društvenim medijima. Time, bi se spriječilo narušavanje temeljnih ljudskih prava pojedinca kao i demokratskog sustava., Surveillance capitalism as a new way of functioning of the market economy has in the last decade began to predominantly use social media to achieve its goals. Foremost, social media and its platforms have become people's first choice when it comes to communication, information consumption and shopping. With this, surveillance capitalists managed to control the flow of information and data that users leave on social media while using their platforms. In this way, surveillance capitalists have the power to personalise the data a user sees on social media and control what an individual thinks and does. Therefore, the question arises as to whether such an approach poses a risk to human rights and democracy. This dissertation will analyse - "What are the potential risks of using social media for human rights and democracy?" ". In order to answer the given question, the dissertation, apart from the introductory and concluding chapters, is divided into four main chapters that analyse the set issue. As potential risks, the dissertation identifies the risk of violating an individual's privacy when using social media and the risks of violating autonomy and freedom of expression. Also, when it comes to political participation, some of the risks that the dissertation observes are the risks of individuals encountering echo chambers, cascades and polarisation. Likewise, the dissertation uses a case study of the 2016 US presidential election to analyse the risks that have emerged in the use of social media as a strategy for the presidential campaign. In conclusion, the dissertation suggests that as a recommendation for further monitoring and eliminating risks during the use of social media, one should focus on increasing the transparency and responsibility of companies and other actors who use social media. This would prevent the violation of fundamental human rights of the individual as well as the democratic system.

Nadzorni kapitalizam kao novi način funkcioniranja tržišne ekonomije u prošlom desetljeću počeo se pretežito koristiti društvenim medijima kod postizanja svojih ciljeva. Naime, društveni mediji i njegove platforme postale su prvi izbor kod ljudi kada je u pitanju komunikacija, informiranje i kupovina. Time, nadzorni kapitalisti svojim su tehnologijama uspjeli kontrolirati tijek informacija i podataka koji korisnik ostavlja na društvenim medijima tokom korištenja njihovih platformi. Tim načinom, nadzorni kapitalisti imaju moć personalizirati podatke koje korisnik vidi na društvenim medijima i kontrolirati što pojedinac misli i radi. Stoga dolazi do pitanja da li takav pristup predstavlja rizik za ljudska prava i demokraciju. Ovaj rad analizirati će – “Koji su potencijalni rizici korištenja društvenih medija za ljudska prava i demokraciju? “. Kako bi na zadano pitanje rad odgovorio, izuzev uvodnog i zaključnog poglavlja, podijeljen je u četiri glavna poglavlja koja analiziraju zadanu problematiku. Kao potencijalne rizike, rad identificira rizik narušavanja privatnosti pojedinca kada koristi društvene medije te rizike narušavanja autonomije i slobode izražavanja. Također, kada je u pitanju politička participacija, neki od rizika koje rad uočava jesu rizici nailaženja pojedina na eho-komore, kaskade i polarizaciju. Isto tako, rad se koristi studijom slučaja SAD predsjedničkih izbora 2016. godine kako bi analizirao rizike koji su se pojavili korištenjem društvenih medija kao strategija za predsjedničku kampanju. U zaključku, rad sugerira kako bi kao preporuka za daljnje praćenje i eliminiranje rizika tokom korištenja društvenih medija se trebalo fokusirati na povećavanju transparentnosti i odgovornosti kompanija i drugih aktera koji se koriste društvenim medijima. Time, bi se spriječilo narušavanje temeljnih ljudskih prava pojedinca kao i demokratskog sustava. Surveillance capitalism as a new way of functioning of the market economy has in the last decade began to predominantly use social media to achieve its goals. Foremost, social media and its platforms have become people's first choice when it comes to communication, information consumption and shopping. With this, surveillance capitalists managed to control the flow of information and data that users leave on social media while using their platforms. In this way, surveillance capitalists have the power to personalise the data a user sees on social media and control what an individual thinks and does. Therefore, the question arises as to whether such an approach poses a risk to human rights and democracy. This dissertation will analyse - "What are the potential risks of using social media for human rights and democracy?" ". In order to answer the given question, the dissertation, apart from the introductory and concluding chapters, is divided into four main chapters that analyse the set issue. As potential risks, the dissertation identifies the risk of violating an individual's privacy when using social media and the risks of violating autonomy and freedom of expression. Also, when it comes to political participation, some of the risks that the dissertation observes are the risks of individuals encountering echo chambers, cascades and polarisation. Likewise, the dissertation uses a case study of the 2016 US presidential election to analyse the risks that have emerged in the use of social media as a strategy for the presidential campaign. In conclusion, the dissertation suggests that as a recommendation for further monitoring and eliminating risks during the use of social media, one should focus on increasing the transparency and responsibility of companies and other actors who use social media. This would prevent the violation of fundamental human rights of the individual as well as the democratic system.

Personalizirana kozmetika je razvijajoči se trend v kozmetični industriji in predstavlja alternativo konvencionalnim večnamenskim kozmetičnim izdelkom. Ideja za razvoj personalizirane kozmetike v največji meri izhaja iz spoznanja, da se vsak posameznik razlikuje tako po genetskih značilnostih kot po željah, zaradi česar je vsak potreben posebne obravnave. Poleg tega veliko število kozmetičnih izdelkov na kozmetičnem trgu potrošnikom otežuje nakup, saj ne vedo, kako naj izberejo zanje optimalni izdelek. Z nakupom personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov bi se dilema zmanjšala. Personalizacija kozmetičnih izdelkov lahko vključuje personalizacijo sestavin, teksture izdelka, dišav ali ovojnine, personalizirane pa so lahko različne vrste izdelkov: kozmetični izdelki za nego kože, kozmetični izdelki za nego las, ličila, kozmetični izdelki za nohte itd. Izdelava in razvoj personalizirane kozmetike temeljita na uporabi sodobne tehnologije, predvsem umetne inteligence. Trije pomembni koraki v izdelavi personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov so: pridobivanje podatkov o potrošniku, analiza pridobljenih podatkov ter izdelava in dostava končnega kozmetičnega izdelka do potrošnika. Za razliko od konvencionalnih je v primeru personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov potrošnik zelo pomemben člen že v koraku izdelave izdelka. V okviru diplomske naloge smo pregledali slovenski trg personalizirane kozmetike in zbrali 67 različnih personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov oziroma paketov personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov, ki jih lahko kupi slovenski potrošnik. Izbrane izdelke smo proučili glede na vrsto personalizacije, namen uporabe, ceno posamezne skupine izdelkov za določen namen uporabe ter glede na pomembne korake v procesu izdelave (pridobivanje podatkov o potrošniku, analiza pridobljenih podatkov in način izdelave izdelkov). Naši rezultati kažejo, da ima največ v Sloveniji dostopnih personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov personalizirano formulacijo prednjačijo personalizirani izdelki za nego obraza, ki so v povprečju tudi najdražji v največ primerih proizvajalci pridobijo podatke od potrošnikov z uporabo spletne ankete, ti pa se najpogosteje analizirajo z uporabo algoritmov velika večina personaliziranih kozmetičnih izdelkov pa je izdelana s klasičnim proizvodnim obratom. V drugem delu diplomske naloge smo pripravili spletno anketo, s katero smo hoteli pridobiti podatke o ozaveščenosti slovenskih potrošnikov o personalizirani kozmetiki, o njihovi želji po nakupu le-te in denarju, ki so ga pripravljeni plačati zanjo, na podlagi odgovorov anketirancev pa tudi o tem, kako je personalizirana kozmetika oglaševana. Anketo je popolno izpolnilo 129 anketirancev, rezultati pa so pokazali, da jih je dobra polovica že slišala za izraz »personalizirana kozmetika«, od tega največ za personalizirano kozmetiko za nego kože le 8 anketirancev je že kupilo personaliziran kozmetični izdelek, in sicer je šlo za kozmetični izdelek za nego kože ali las velik delež anketirancev, ki še ni, si še želi kupiti personaliziran kozmetični izdelek, malo pa jih je pripravljeno plačati dejansko ceno personaliziranega kozmetičnega izdelka. Na osnovi ugotovitev, pridobljenih v naši diplomski nalogi, lahko zaključimo, da je personalizirana kozmetika v Sloveniji šele v zametkih, da je oglaševana dokaj slabo in v celoti prek spleta. Personalized cosmetics is a developing trend in the cosmetics industry and represents an alternative to conventional multi-purpose cosmetic products. The idea for the development of personalized cosmetics to the greatest extent comes from the realization that each individual differs both in terms of genetic characteristics and preferences, which is why each one needs special treatment. In addition, the large number of cosmetic products on the market makes the purchase difficult for consumers, as they do not know how to choose the product that is optimal for them. Buying personalized cosmetics would reduce that dilemma. Personalization of cosmetic products may include personalization of ingredients, product texture, fragrances or packaging, and different types of products may be personalized: skin care cosmetics, hair care cosmetics, make-up, nail cosmetics, etc. The production and development of personalized cosmetics is based on the use of modern technology, especially artificial intelligence. The three important steps in the production of personalized cosmetic products are: acquisition of data about the consumer, analysis of the obtained data, and production and delivery of the final product to the consumer. Unlike with conventional cosmetics, in the case of personalized cosmetic products, the consumer is a very important element already in the product manufacturing step. As part of the thesis, we examined the Slovenian market of personalized cosmetics and collected 67 different personalized cosmetic products or packages of personalized cosmetic products that can be purchased by the Slovenian consumer. We examined the selected products according to the type of personalization, the purpose of use, the price of each group of products for a specific purpose of use, and according to the important steps in the manufacturing process (acquisition of data about the consumer, analysis of the obtained data and method of manufacturing the products). Our results show that most of the personalized cosmetic products available in Slovenia have a personalized formulation personalized skin care products lead the way and are also the most expensive on average. In most cases, manufacturers obtain data from consumers using an online survey, which is most often analysed using algorithms. The vast majority of personalized cosmetic products are made by classical manufacturing facilities. In the second part of the thesis, we prepared an online survey, with which we wanted to obtain data on Slovenian consumers' awareness of personalized cosmetics, on their desire to purchase it and the money they are willing to pay for it, and based on the respondents' answers, also on how such cosmetics is advertised. The survey was completed by 129 respondents, and the results showed that a good half of them had already heard of the term "personalized cosmetics", of which the majority had heard of personalized cosmetics for skin care only 8 respondents had already bought a personalized cosmetic product, either a product for skin or hair care a large proportion of respondents who have not yet done so want to buy a personalized cosmetic product, but few are willing to pay the actual price of it. Based on the findings obtained in our thesis, we can conclude that personalized cosmetics in Slovenia is still in its infancy, all while advertised rather poorly and entirely online.

Social media are usually accused of being one of the major forces for personalization of ‏political communication and consequently for depolitization of recent politics. However, personalization ‏seems to stimulate certain users to pay more attention to political issues and to act more responsively to ‏such highly personalized political profiles. This article presents the results of a longitudinal analysis of ‏online presence of Barack Obama to assess his political communication through Facebook. It also answers ‏if presence of emotional appeals and private life cues in the posts have any effect on users’ responses in‏ terms of numbers of their likes, comments and shares. Based on a quantitative analysis of 2804 Facebook ‏posts, published in the period from 2008 to 2016, the results of content analysis revealed that Obama ‏used his Facebook fan page almost exclusively to communicate about political issues instead of his ‏personal life. The analysis also confirmed that a smaller number of posts, which contained emotional ‏appeals or cues from private life had significantly higher numbers of users’ responses than posts that ‏were not emotionalized or privatized. While personalization of Obama’s political figure is part of a wider‏ debate, this study confirms that the presence of private cues and emotional appeals stimulates greater‏ responsiveness from Facebook users.‏, Društveni mediji su često optuživani kao jedan od glavnih stimulatora personalizacije političke ‏komunikacija, a posljedično i kao jedan od faktora koji utječu na depolitizaciju suvremene politike. Ipak,‏ personalizacija može potaknuti određene korisnike da više pažnje posvete političkim temama te da‏ djeluju responsivnije prema personaliziranim političkim profilima. U ovom članku su prezentirani rezultati‏ longitudinalne analize političke komunikacije Baracka Obame na njegovoj Facebook stranici. Istraživanje ‏je pokušalo odgovoriti na pitanje u kojoj mjeri je Obama putem Facebooka komunicirao političke teme,‏ a u kojoj mjeri osobni profil, te ima li prisutnost emocija i referenci na privatni život u postovima određeni‏ efekt na korisnike Facebooka, mjereno kroz broj lajkova, komentara i dijeljenja koje ti određeni postovi‏ dobiju. Oslanjajući se na rezultate kvantitativne analize sadržaja koja je provedena na 2804 Facebook ‏posta koji su objavljeni na Obaminoj stranici u razdoblju od 2008. do 2016., istraživanje je otkrilo kako ‏je Obama svoju Facebook stranicu koristio prvenstveno za komuniciranje političkih tema, a tek onda i‏ osobnog profila. Dok je personalizacija Obamine političke komunikacije na Facebooku predmet opširnije‏ rasprave, ovo istraživanje potvrđuje kako postovi koji sadrže emocije i reference na privatni profil privlače‏ veći broj odgovora (lajkova, komentara, dijeljenja) korisnika Facebooka od postova koji ne sadrže emocije‏ ili reference na privatni profil.‏‏ ‏ ‏

This contribution aims to address risks and opportunities for cultural diversity resulting from ‎platforms’ personalisation tools based on a legal analysis of the main provisions of the European Union‎ General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on consumer profiling and automated decisions, as well as ‎a sample of data protection policies of selected streaming platforms. It examines how the latter may in‎ practice affect the protection of consumers’ personal data for the purpose of recommending personalised ‎audio-visual and music content online and how such provisions relate to the discoverability of a‎ diversified cultural offer online and, at the European level, the obligation for platforms to give prominence‎ to European works in their catalogues. The paper shows that a lot may still be done to improve the‎ transparency of algorithms used for personalisation purposes and to provide users with greater control of‎ their data, as required by the GDPR.‎, Članak se bavi pitanjima rizika i prilika za kulturnu raznolikost koji proizlaze iz alata za personalizaciju ‎platformi, a temelji se na pravnoj analizi glavnih odredbi Opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka ‎Europske unije (engl. GDPR) o profiliranju potrošača i automatiziranim odlukama, kao i na analizi politika‎ zaštite podataka odabranih streaming platformi. U članku se ispituje kako potonji mogu u praksi‎ utjecati na zaštitu osobnih podataka potrošača u svrhu preporučivanja personaliziranih audiovizualnih‎i glazbenih sadržaja na internetu te kako se takve odredbe odnose na otkrivanje raznolike kulturne ponude‎ na internetu i, na europskoj razini, na obvezu platformi da istaknu europska djela u svojim katalozima.‎ Zaključuje se da još mnogo toga mora biti učinjeno kako bi se poboljšala transparentnost algoritama ‎koji se koriste u svrhu personalizacije te kako bi se korisnicima omogućila veća kontrola njihovih‎ podataka, kako to zahtijeva GDPR.‎

Tehnologija koju koristimo se rapidno razvija i sa sobom donosi nove načine proučavanja ponašanja potrošača. Marketeri uspijevaju preciznije predvidjeti tko su njihovi ciljni potrošači i koje su njihove potrebe. Personalizacija ponude u tom pogledu ima pozitivne i negativne strane koje su pokazane u ovome radu. Sa sve većim obujmom velikih podataka poduzeća se moraju prilagoditi novom načinu poslovanja i uložiti napore kako bi ostali kompetitivni na lokalnom ali i globalnom tržištu. Uz to poduzeća moraju biti upoznata s GDPR-om prilikom korištenja osobnih podataka kako ne bi ugrozili privatnost i prava potrošača. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno upitnikom je pokazalo kako većina ispitanika vjeruje da se njihova aktivnost prati i da nemaju visok stupanj kontrole nad svojim osobnim podacima. Ujedno nemaju povjerenja u etičnost poduzeća koja raspolažu njihovim podacima. Te je uočena razlika između odgovora dobnih grupa, to jest, što su stariji ispitanici to je njihovo mišljenje da imaju kontrolu nad procesom prikupljanja podataka više. The technology we use is evolving rapidly and it brings new ways of studying consumer behavior. Marketing experts are able to more accurately predict who their target consumers are, and what are their needs. Personalization in this regard has positive and negative sides that are shown in this paper. With the growing volume of big data, companies need to adapt to the new way of doing business and make efforts to remain competitive in the local and global market. In addition, businesses must be aware of the GDPR when using personal data so as not to compromise the privacy and rights of consumers. Empirical research conducted showed that most respondents believe that their activity is monitored and that they do not have a high degree of control over their personal data. At the same time, they do not trust the ethics of the companies that have access to their data. Finally, the author concluded that there was a variance between the age group responses, that is, the older the respondents the higher is the perceived control of the data collection process

Darba mērķis ir izpētīt attēlu apstrādes personalizācijas iespējas un izstrādāt eksperimentālu aptauju ar attēluzlabošanas personalizācijas iespējām, kā arī analizēt aptaujā iegūtos datus. Izpētot aktuālus attēlu apstrādes risinājums, tika noteiktas to priekšrocības un trūkumi, tika aprakstītas lietotāja iespējas personalizēt attēlu apstrādi un nepieciešamība pēc personalizācijas. Tika apskatītas metodes, ar kuru palīdzību iespējams realizēt attēluzlabošanas personalizāciju, kā arī apskatīti vairāki veidi lietotāja attēlu apstrādes stila noteikšanai. Darba praktiskajā daļā tika izveidota eksperimentāla attēluzlabošanas aptauja. Analizējot iegūtos datus tika noteiktas atšķirības starp dažādam lietotāju grupām. Tika iegūts pozitīvs lietotāju vērtējums personalizācijas algoritmam un nepieciešamībai pēc attēluzlabošanas personalizācijas lietotnēs., The goal of this work is to explore image personalization options, develop an experimental survey using image enhancement personalization and to analyse the gathered data. By comparing popular image processing software, their advantages and disadvantages were defined. User personalization features and the necessity for personalization of image enhancement were discussed. Methods for the technical execution of image enhancement and user preference determination were described. In the practical part of the work an experimental survey was developed. Differences in different user groups were discovered by analysing the gathered data. Positive rating for the personalization algorithm and the necessity of image enhancement personalization was given by the users.

Bakalaura darbs par informācijas burbuļa nozīmi studentu informacionālajā telpā tika izstrādāts, lai noskaidrotu, kā informācijas burbuļi ietekmē studentu informacionālo telpu, un meklētu iemeslus, kāpēc ir tik vienkārši ieslīgt filtru burbulī. Svarīgs pētījuma jautājums uz, kuru bija jāatrod atbilde bija kādas ir līdzības un atšķirības starp filtru un informācijas burbuļiem. Pētījumā tika izmantotas divas teorijas – sociālā konstruktīvisma un tīmekļa vārtu sargāšanas teorija. Pētījuma rezultātā var secināt, ka informācijas burbulis ir studentu dzīves daļa ar, ko ir jāmācās sadzīvot, un studenti to dara labprāt, bet viņiem ir nepieciešams profesionāļu atbalsts, lai labāk saprastu, kā sadzīvot ar tiem., Bachelor thesis about information bubble significance in students’ informational space was written to find out how information bubbles affect students' informational space and look for reasons why it is so easy to fall into a filter bubble. Finding out what were the similarities and differences between filter and information bubbles was important for the research. Bachelor thesis was based on two theories: social constructivism and network gatekeeping theory. The findings of study suggests that the information bubble is part of student everyday life with which students must learn to live, and students are happy to do so, but they need the support of professionals who will teach them how to live with information bubbles more clearly.

Porast „politike usmjerene na kandidata“ utjecao je na promjenu u komunikacijskim strategijama političara koji se sve češće koriste tehnikama privatizacije politike za zbližavanje s biračima. Društvene mreže pokazale su se kao idealan kanal za „smekšavanje“ njihovih imidža. Cilj je ovog rada istražiti jesu li se kandidati, i u kojoj mjeri, na hrvatskim predsjedničkim izborima 2019./2020. koristili društvenim mrežama za privatizaciju, odnosno personalizaciju politike. Metodom analize sadržaja utvrđeno je da su kandidati u svojim objavama u značajnoj mjeri koristili tehnike privatizacije politike kako bi se prikazali kao „jedni od nas“. Pobjedu na izborima odnio je Zoran Milanović koji je u potpunosti vodio personaliziranu kampanju u kojoj je najčešće naglašavao svoj osebujni karakter i svoje privatne osobine., The rise of “candidate-centered politics” has influenced a change in communication strategies of politicians who are increasingly using privatisation techniques to get closer to their voters. Social media have proven to be an ideal channel for “softening” their images. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether, and to what extent, the candidates used social media for privatization, i.e., personalization of politics, in the 2019-2020 Croatian presidential election. Using the content analysis method, researchers discovered that the candidates significantly used privatization techniques on social media to present themselves as “one of us”. The winner of the election was Zoran Milanović, who led a completely personalized campaign in which he emphasized rather frequently his distinctive character and his personal characteristics.

Diplomsko delo obravnava personalizacijo na primeru uporabe socialnega omrežja Twitter med predsedniško volilno kampanjo leta 2017. Prvi del teoretično opredeli politično personalizacijo, ki presega prikazovanje sfere zasebnega, gre namreč za strateški način predstavitve in podajanja informacij, ki personalizirajo. Z razvojem novih tehnologij se je fenomen uveljavil tudi na sodobnih medijskih platformah. Med najbolj odmevnimi je Twitter, ki je s svojimi funkcionalnostmi postal pomembno politično orodje interaktivne, svobodne in nenadzorovane komunikacije. V drugem delu zasledujem prisotnost personalizacije v spletnih kampanjah na Twitter profilih predsedniških kandidatov Boruta Pahorja in Marjana Šarca. Zanimalo me je, v kakšni meri in kako je bila izrabljena interaktivnost spletnega orodja Twitter, kakšno samopodobo sta kandidata med predsedniško kampanjo kazala javnosti in na kakšen način sta jo gradila. Iz zbranih objav obeh kandidatov sem ugotovila, da je bila večina objav opremljenih z interaktivnimi sredstvi, a komunikacija ni bila dialoška z volilnim telesom. V enosmerni in samopromocijsko naravnani spletni komunikaciji je bilo moč zaznati vzorce personalizacije. This paper examines personalisation used on the Twitter social network during the 2017 presidential election campaign. The theoretical part defines political personalisation, which not only depicts private life, but also acts as a strategic tool to provide and present personalising information. The development of new technologies enabled the use of personalisation on modern media platforms. One of the most popular social networks is Twitter, whose functionalities act as an important political tool in interactive, free and uncontrolled communication. In the second part of the paper, I study the use of personalisation in online campaigns on Twitter profiles of two presidential candidates, Borut Pahor and Marjan Šarec. I wanted to determine to what extent and in what way the interactivity of Twitter as an online tool was used. I was also interested in the degree of self-esteem portrayed by the candidates in their tweets during the presidential campaign and how their self-esteem was built. Based on the collected tweets of both candidates, I determined that most of the tweets included interactive elements, yet the communication did not encourage dialogue with the electorate. Patterns of personalisation were observed in one-way and self-promoting online communication.

Porast „politike usmjerene na kandidata“ utjecao je na promjenu u komunikacijskim strategijama političara, koji sve češće koriste tehnike privatizacije politike za zbližavanje s biračima. Društvene mreže pokazale su se kao idealan kanal na kojemu javnosti mogu predstaviti svoju privatnu stranu. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti jesu li kandidati na hrvatskim predsjedničkim izborima 2019./2020. u svojim kampanjama na Facebooku kao dio komunikacijske strategije koristili tehnike privatizacije politike te na koji su ih način koristili. Metodom analize sadržaja utvrđeno je da su kandidati u svojim objavama u značajnoj mjeri koristili tehnike privatizacije politike, kako bi se prikazali kao „jedni od nas“. Pobjedu na izborima odnio je kandidat koji je u potpunosti vodio personaliziranu kampanju, u kojoj je najčešće naglašavao svoj osebujni karakter i privatne osobine., The rise of “candidate-centered politics” has influenced a change in the communication strategies of politicians, who are increasingly using techniques of privatisation of politics in order to become closer to voters. Social networks have proven to be an ideal channel on which they can present their private side to the public. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the candidates in the Croatian presidential elections 2019/2020 used techniques of privatisation of politics in their Facebook campaigns as part of their communication strategy and how they used them. Using the content analysis method it was discovered that the candidates significantly used privatization techniques, in order to present themselves as "one of us". The winner of the election was the candidate who led a fully personalized campaign, in which he most often emphasized his distinctive character and private traits.

Porast „politike usmjerene na kandidata“ utjecao je na promjenu u komunikacijskim strategijama političara, koji sve češće koriste tehnike privatizacije politike za zbližavanje s biračima. Društvene mreže pokazale su se kao idealan kanal na kojemu javnosti mogu predstaviti svoju privatnu stranu. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti jesu li kandidati na hrvatskim predsjedničkim izborima 2019./2020. u svojim kampanjama na Facebooku kao dio komunikacijske strategije koristili tehnike privatizacije politike te na koji su ih način koristili. Metodom analize sadržaja utvrđeno je da su kandidati u svojim objavama u značajnoj mjeri koristili tehnike privatizacije politike, kako bi se prikazali kao „jedni od nas“. Pobjedu na izborima odnio je kandidat koji je u potpunosti vodio personaliziranu kampanju, u kojoj je najčešće naglašavao svoj osebujni karakter i privatne osobine. The rise of “candidate-centered politics” has influenced a change in the communication strategies of politicians, who are increasingly using techniques of privatisation of politics in order to become closer to voters. Social networks have proven to be an ideal channel on which they can present their private side to the public. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the candidates in the Croatian presidential elections 2019/2020 used techniques of privatisation of politics in their Facebook campaigns as part of their communication strategy and how they used them. Using the content analysis method it was discovered that the candidates significantly used privatization techniques, in order to present themselves as "one of us". The winner of the election was the candidate who led a fully personalized campaign, in which he most often emphasized his distinctive character and private traits.

Namen diplomske naloge je določiti vlogo sporočil, prilagojenih uporabnikovim osebnostnim lastnostim, na motivacijo uporabnika mobilne aplikacije za spremembo vedênja. Pozitivna sprememba vedênja je aktualna tema v svetu, saj je ključno orodje za zmanjšanje tako gospodarskega kot tudi zdravstvenega vpliva preprečljivih bolezni, kot so diabetes, čezmerna debelost in depresija. Da bi odkrili vpliv personaliziranega prilagajanja vsebine v aplikacijah za spremembo vedênja smo zasnovali študijo, v sklopu katere smo izdelali Android aplikacijo, ki je uporabniku omogočala zastavljanje ciljev. Uporabnika smo nato poskušali motivirati s personaliziranimi sporočili. Zabeležene podatke smo analizirali s statističnimi metodami in potrdili, da so personalizirana sporočila za nekatere uporabnike statistično značilno bolj motivirajoča kot neprilagojena in neprilagojena za nekatere bolj motivirajoča kot prilagojena, kar nam daje zaupanje za nadaljnje raziskovanje in identifikacijo značilnih skupin, ki so dovzetne za personalizirano prepričevanje na podlagi osebnosti in skupin, ki niso. The aim of this thesis is to determine the role of messages, adapted according to a user's personality traits, on the motivation of a mobile behaviour change application user. Positive behaviour change is a timely and relevant topic, as it is a key tool for reducing both the economic and health impact of preventable diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and depression. To discover the impact of personalised content adaptation in behaviour change applications, we designed a study in which we created an Android application that allowed the user to set goals. We then tried to motivate the user with personalised messages. We analyzed the recorded data with statistical methods and confirmed that personalised messages are statistically significantly more motivating for some, while impersonalised messages remain more motivating for other users. This gives us confidence to further explore and identify characteristic groups susceptible to personalised persuasion based on personality, as well as those groups that are not susceptible to personalised persuasion.

Magistrsko delo odpira razmišljanje in raziskovanje raznolikosti teles, oblačenja, utopije popolnosti, doživljanja oblečenosti in oblikovanja oblačil. Namen naloge je oblikovati in izdelati oblačila za ljudi specifičnih telesnih konstitucij in s tem ustvariti zadovoljstvo, boljšo samopodobo in večjo samozavest. Podoba telesa je danes zelo pomembna. Mediji in medijske osebnosti nas vsakodnevno opominjajo s podobami zdravih, lepih teles, ki so oglaševana kot današnja norma lepote. Uniformiranost idealnih teles je generirala tudi uniformiranost oblačil. Večina jih je izdelanih za standardizirane postave in telesne proporce in ne upoštevajo telesnih specifik posameznikov. Konfekcijska industrija je zamenjala obrtniško izdelana oblačila, ki so upoštevala posebnosti teles in njihovo edinstvenost. Oblačila, narejena po željah in merah posameznika, imajo visoko dodano vrednost in ustvarjajo kakovosten način oblačenja, posledica pa sta dobro počutje in osebno zadovoljstvo. V teoretičnem delu sem raziskovala konfekcijsko izdelana oblačila in oblačila, narejena po meri, sodobne lepotne ideale, njihovo spreminjanje skozi čas, samopodobo ter vpliv novih tehnologij v konstrukciji in modelaciji oblačil. Izpostavila sem pomen individualizacije in personalizacije v oblikovalskem procesu. V praktičnem delu naloge sem oblikovala štiri kolekcije za štiri različne osebe – dve ženski in dva moška, z različnimi življenjskimi in oblačilnimi slogi ter različnimi konstitucijami. V nadaljevanju sem na podlagi skic izdelala oblačila po meri z upoštevanjem vseh telesnih posebnosti. Oblikovala sem tudi celostno metodologijo za izdelavo oblačil po meri, ki zajema pet korakov: izdelavo osebnega stilskega profila, oblikovanje oblačil/kolekcije, izdelavo oblačil/kolekcije, fotografiranje in mnenje naročnika. The master’s thesis opens up thinking and exploring the diversity of bodies, clothing, utopia of perfection, and the experience of dressing and clothing design. The aim of the thesis was to design and make clothes for people of specific body constitutions, leading to satisfaction, better self-image and greater self-confidence. Body image is nowadays very important – the fact that we are daily reminded of by the media and media personalities with the images of healthy, beautiful bodies that are advertised as today’s norm of beauty. The uniformity of ideal bodies also generated the uniformity of clothing. Most of the clothing is designed for standardised postures and body proportions, not taking into account the physical specifics of individuals. The clothing industry replaced handicraft clothing that paid attention to the specifics of the bodies and their uniqueness. Clothes made in line with the wishes and measurements of an individual have a high added value, and create a quality way of dressing, resulting in well-being and personal satisfaction. The theoretical part focuses on the research of ready- and tailor-made clothes, modern beauty ideals, their change over time, self-image and the impact of new technologies on the construction and modelling of clothing. Furthermore, the importance of individualisation and personalisation in the design process is highlighted in this part. In the practical part of the thesis, the designing of four collections for four different people is presented, i.e. two women and two men, with different life- and clothing styles, and of different constitutions. Custom clothes based on sketches, taking into account all physical features, were made. Moreover, a comprehensive methodology for making custom clothing was designed which includes five steps, i.e. creating a personal style profile, designing clothes/collections, making clothes/collections, taking photos and the opinion of the client.

Obzirom da je tehnološki napredak iz dana u dan sve veći, mi korisnici internet usluga postali smo sve više izloženi riziku od narušavanja privatnosti na internetu. Svaka naša online aktivnost izložena je svojevrsnoj ugrozi, a posebice dijeljenje osobnih podataka. U ovom radu promatrali su se aspekti odnosa privatnosti i personalizacije na internetu te njihove marketinške implikacije. Rad sadrži i empirijski dio, čiji rezultati navode na činjenicu da ispitanici percipiraju izvor rizika od narušavanja privatnosti te da poznaju i redovno koriste pojedine alate za zaštitu iste. Posljednji dio rada posvećen je zaključnim razmatranjima i preporukama. As technological advances increase day by day, we, Internet service users have become increasingly at risk of violating online privacy. Each of our online activities is exposed to a kind of threat, especially the sharing of personal data. In this paper, aspects of the relationship between privacy and personalization on the Internet and their marketing implications were observed. The paper also contains an empirical part, the results of which lead to the fact that respondents perceive the source of the risk of privacy violations and that they know and regularly use certain tools to protect it. The last part of the paper is devoted to concluding remarks and recommendations.

Personalizacija oz. prilagoditev komunikacije posameznim kupcem je že nekaj let med glavnimi trendi v marketinških praksah. Napredek pri metodah zbiranja podatkov, analitiki, digitalni elektroniki in digitalni ekonomiji je omogočil tržnikom, da uporabijo učinkovitejše, bolj realistične in dolgotrajnejše taktike personalizacije uporabniške izkušnje. Trg personaliziranih marketinških praks je dandanes že zelo razvit, kar pomeni, da so jim porabniki izpostavljeni. Med personalizirane marketinške prakse uvrščamo tudi personalizirana oglasna sporočila. Porabniki se srečujejo z različnimi vrstami oglasov, neposredno na izbranih spletnih straneh in prek drugih kanalov. Veliko podjetij uporablja personalizirana sporočila kot način ustvarjanja odnosa s porabniki. Vendar pa je personalizacija danes občutljivo področje in se pogosto povezuje z vprašanjem zasebnosti in iritacije porabnikov. Obstaja večje število dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na odnos porabnika do izbranega personaliziranega sporočila. Študije na področju marketinga avtorjev Jun in Lee (2007) opredeljujejo zaznano personalizacijo, informativnost, zabavo, kredibilnost in iritacijo kot odločilne. S pomočjo empirične raziskave smo poskušali prikazati vpliv omenjenih dejavnikov na odnos porabnika do izbranega personaliziranega oglasnega sporočila – elektronske pošte, spletne pasice in pojavnega okna. Na podlagi pridobljenih podatkov in opravljene analize smo ugotovili, da imajo informativnost, zabavnost in kredibilnost največji vpliv na porabnikov odnos do personaliziranih sporočil. Dejavnik personalizacija in iritacija praktično nima vpliva. Personalization or adapting communication to individual customers has been one of the main trends in marketing practices for several years. Advances in data collection methods, analytics, digital electronics, and digital economy have allowed marketers to use more effective, realistic, and long-lasting user experience personalization tactics. The market for personalized marketing practices is already developed today, which means that consumers are exposed to it. Personalized marketing practices also include personalized advertising messages. Consumers encounter different types of ads, directly on selected websites and through other channels. Many companies use personalized messages as a way to build a relationship with consumers. However, personalization is a sensitive area today and is often associated with privacy issues and customer irritation. Several factors affect a consumer’s attitude toward a chosen personalized message. The theory of the author's Jun and Lee (2007), define perceived personalization, informativeness, entertainment, credibility, and irritation as decisive. With the help of empirical research, we tried to show the impact of these factors on the consumer's attitude toward the selected personalized advertising message - emails, web banners, and pop-ups. Based on the obtained data and the performed analysis, we found that informativeness, entertainment, and credibility have the greatest impact on the consumer's attitude towards personalized messages. The factors personalization and irritation have almost no impact.

Diplomsko delo preučuje medijsko potrošnjo med mladimi, ki je specifična, kar se kaže tudi skozi pojave in prakse, ki nakazujejo na personalizacijo medijev. Za preučevanje praks, ki se jih mladi poslužujejo v povezavi z mediji, pa je najprej potrebno dobro razumevanje mladih, ki se z intenziviranjem svobodne izbire medijev vse bolj individualizirajo. Cilj naloge je konceptualizirati mlade in jih pozicionirati v odnosu do medijske potrošnje, raziskati rabe medijev pri mladih in prakse, skozi katere se kaže medijska personalizacija, ter preučiti, s katerimi metodami drugi raziskovalci preučujejo medijske prakse med mladimi, torej kakšen je njihov empirični pristop ter katere specifike se pri tem kažejo. Naloga je sestavljena iz pregleda obstoječe literature na področju socialne psihologije mladih in njihovega prehoda v zasebnost ter analize sekundarnih študij, opravljenih v zadnjih desetih letih. Pri njih sem se še posebej osredotočila na prakse, preko katerih se kaže personalizirana raba medijev med mladimi, ter na metodologijo, s katero so raziskovalci pridobili podatke o medijskih praksah mladih. The diploma thesis examines media consumption among young people, which is specific and it is also reflected in phenomena and practices that indicate media personalization. In order to study the practices of young people in relation to the media, a good understanding of young people is needed, who are increasingly individualized by intensifying the free choice of media. The aim of the thesis is to conceptualize young people and position them in relation to media consumption, to investigate media use by young people and practices through which media personalization is manifested, and to examine how other researchers study media practices among young people, which is their empirical approach, and what are the specificities involved. The thesis consists of reviewing the existing literature in the field of social psychology of young people and their transition to privacy, and analyzing secondary studies conducted over the last ten years. In particular, I focused on practices that demonstrate the personalized use of media among young people, and on the methodology by which researchers obtained data on young people's media practices.

Rad se bavi istraživanjem učinaka personalizacije izbornog sustava prije svega na političke stranke i kandidate za zastupnike. Pod personalizacijom izbornog sustava smatra se uvođenje mehanizama u izborni sustav koji osiguravaju veću ulogu birača u izboru njihovih parlamentarnih zastupnika. U radu su predstavljene četiri gusto opisane studije slučaja koje su služile kao temelj za testiranje temeljne i pomoćnih hipoteza. Rad sadrži fokusiranu poredbenu analizu dometa personalizacije izbornog sustava u odnosu na tri ključna slučaja (Austrija, Nizozemska i Finska), kao i u odnosu na kontrolni slučaj Kosovo. U radu je dokazano da snažni personalizirani izborni sustavi, koji imaju najveće vrijednosti personalizacije, odnosno izmjerene vrijednosti utjecaja dva institucionalna potičuća mehanizma koji su predstavljali nezavisne varijable ovog istraživanja (a. preferencijsko glasovanje unutar razmjernog sustava stranačkih lista i b. procedura selekcije kandidata), dovode do personalizacije političkih stranaka na razini zastupnika. Kroz dokazivanje pomoćnih hipoteza ispraćeni su učinci personalizacije izbornog sustava na političke stranke, kandidate/zastupnike, birače odnosno stranački/politički sustav. U radu predstavljeni nalazi fokusirane poredbene analize potvrđuju da snažna personalizacija izbornog sustava vodi personalizaciji izborne kampanje te smanjenoj ulozi političkih stranaka u političkom životu. Smanjena uloga stranaka u kampanjama otvara prostor jačanju uloge konkretnih donatora. Poslanici postaju nezavisniji u odnosu na stranku, ali s druge strane otvoreni za utjecaje donatora svojih kampanja. Nemogućnost opoziva, odnosno tekovina da je zastupnik, a ne stranka vlasnik mandata, dodatno ojačava poziciju zastupnika, a slabi poziciju stranke. Pozicija zastupnika jača, kao i birača koji imaju u snažno personaliziranim izbornim sustavima mogućnost presudnog utjecanja na to tko će ih zastupati u parlamentu, odnosno na koga će privremeno prenijeti suverenitet kao njegovi nositelji. Finski primjer najbolje pokazuje utjecaj snažne personalizacije izbornog sustava na političke stranke, kandidate i birače u konsolidiranoj demokraciji. Slučaj Kosova kao kontrolni slučaj govori da ukoliko izostane prevlast osobnog u odnosu na stranačko u unutarstranačkim procesima, učinci snažnog preferencijskog sustava bit će umanjeni. Izostanak vladavine prava utječe na ravnopravnost kandidata u predizbornim kampanjama, ali snažno preferencijsko glasovanje umanjuje negativne efekte izostanka demokratskih procedura unutar stranke te potiče daljnju demokratsku konsolidaciju u nekonsolidiranim demokracijama., The doctoral dissertation deals with research into the effects of personalization of the electoral system primarily on political parties and candidates for deputies. The personalization of the electoral system means the introduction of mechanisms in the electoral system that ensure a greater role for voters in the election of their parliamentary representatives. I define the electoral system as a “set of laws and party rules governing electoral competition between and within the parties” (Cox 1997: 38). This wider definition of the electoral system gives us space to build a more complete picture of the electoral system’s impact on political parties, candidates and voters as main actors in the electoral process. The focus of the research is the relationship between personal and party representation. In order to conduct a more comprehensive analysis of the effects of personalization on political parties, the research framework is narrowed down to list proportional electoral systems with preferential voting. Contemporary liberal democracy is characterized by a highly personalized politics. Governments are more recognizable by their leaders than by the parties that are the basis of their constitution. This personalization trend is not characteristic exclusively of presidential systems, but has become a feature of parliamentary political systems. In addition to personalization of the party at the leader level, there is also the personalization of politics at the level of members of parliament (MPs). In this paper, we only use the term ‘personalization of a party’ in reference to personalization at the level of the MP. We will not deal with the question of the presidentialization of political parties. Under the personalization of a political party at the level of MPs, we mean strengthening the position of deputies in the intra-party decision-making process. Thanks to the introduction of preferential voting in list proportional list systems, the group of electoral systems in which voters play an important role in the selection of their representatives has significantly expanded. Historically speaking, the representative position has been strengthened by the accepted attitude that the MP, not the party, is the ‘owner of the mandate’; preferential voting supports this. This paper deals with the personalization of politics at the level of the representative—the political party. That is to say, it explores the question of to what degree personalization of the electoral system affects the political party, its intra- and its inter-party dimension. Moreover, the paper deals with personal and party representation, an area that is a new field of interest for political scientists. Through this relationship, I explore the effect of electoral systems on political parties, candidates and voters. in developing this work, I was guided by the results achieved by Katz (1980, 1986) and Marsh 9 (1985) who first dealt with this issue. In his book A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems (1980), Katz took his first steps in the research of preferential systems. Five years later, Marsh (1985) was dealing with differences between the preferential systems in Europe. In their works, Katz and Marsh set forth the first hypotheses about the effects of preferential voting. Although there has been a growing interest in research in this area over the last decade, no significant progress has yet been made. Karvonen (2004) made a significant step in systematizing the hypotheses of Katz and Marsh, and he added some more points. In his last paper on this subject (2011), Karvonen was working within the same group of hypotheses, which were open to further research. They are the basis of this research, with additional contributions. A major impetus for this work was one of the most influential articles in this field, ‘Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas’ by Carey and Shugart (1995), which examines the question of the influence of electoral systems on the candidate’s electoral strategies—that is, how electoral systems influence the pre-election roles of parties and their candidates. The authors developed three variables: (1) lack of party leadership control over access to and rank in ballots; (2) degree to which candidates are elected on individual votes independent of copartisans; and (3) whether voters cast a single intra-party vote instead of multiple votes or a party-level vote. By combining these three variables, there are up to thirteen combinations. This approach set me up to explore the impact that personalization creates when it comes to the relationship between the MP candidate and the party, or the MP and the party. Most authors agree that the introduction of personalization of the electoral system significantly affects interparty relations, which are sometimes reflected in a high degree of autonomy in campaigning and even in the collection and spending of funds for funding of their personal campaign. The bidding of candidates from the same party exercises a strong influence on intra-party relations, and it often happens that rival relations within the parties remain in the shadow of rival relations between the parties.

Rad se bavi istraživanjem učinaka personalizacije izbornog sustava prije svega na političke stranke i kandidate za zastupnike. Pod personalizacijom izbornog sustava smatra se uvođenje mehanizama u izborni sustav koji osiguravaju veću ulogu birača u izboru njihovih parlamentarnih zastupnika. U radu su predstavljene četiri gusto opisane studije slučaja koje su služile kao temelj za testiranje temeljne i pomoćnih hipoteza. Rad sadrži fokusiranu poredbenu analizu dometa personalizacije izbornog sustava u odnosu na tri ključna slučaja (Austrija, Nizozemska i Finska), kao i u odnosu na kontrolni slučaj Kosovo. U radu je dokazano da snažni personalizirani izborni sustavi, koji imaju najveće vrijednosti personalizacije, odnosno izmjerene vrijednosti utjecaja dva institucionalna potičuća mehanizma koji su predstavljali nezavisne varijable ovog istraživanja (a. preferencijsko glasovanje unutar razmjernog sustava stranačkih lista i b. procedura selekcije kandidata), dovode do personalizacije političkih stranaka na razini zastupnika. Kroz dokazivanje pomoćnih hipoteza ispraćeni su učinci personalizacije izbornog sustava na političke stranke, kandidate/zastupnike, birače odnosno stranački/politički sustav. U radu predstavljeni nalazi fokusirane poredbene analize potvrđuju da snažna personalizacija izbornog sustava vodi personalizaciji izborne kampanje te smanjenoj ulozi političkih stranaka u političkom životu. Smanjena uloga stranaka u kampanjama otvara prostor jačanju uloge konkretnih donatora. Poslanici postaju nezavisniji u odnosu na stranku, ali s druge strane otvoreni za utjecaje donatora svojih kampanja. Nemogućnost opoziva, odnosno tekovina da je zastupnik, a ne stranka vlasnik mandata, dodatno ojačava poziciju zastupnika, a slabi poziciju stranke. Pozicija zastupnika jača, kao i birača koji imaju u snažno personaliziranim izbornim sustavima mogućnost presudnog utjecanja na to tko će ih zastupati u parlamentu, odnosno na koga će privremeno prenijeti suverenitet kao njegovi nositelji. Finski primjer najbolje pokazuje utjecaj snažne personalizacije izbornog sustava na političke stranke, kandidate i birače u konsolidiranoj demokraciji. Slučaj Kosova kao kontrolni slučaj govori da ukoliko izostane prevlast osobnog u odnosu na stranačko u unutarstranačkim procesima, učinci snažnog preferencijskog sustava bit će umanjeni. Izostanak vladavine prava utječe na ravnopravnost kandidata u predizbornim kampanjama, ali snažno preferencijsko glasovanje umanjuje negativne efekte izostanka demokratskih procedura unutar stranke te potiče daljnju demokratsku konsolidaciju u nekonsolidiranim demokracijama. The doctoral dissertation deals with research into the effects of personalization of the electoral system primarily on political parties and candidates for deputies. The personalization of the electoral system means the introduction of mechanisms in the electoral system that ensure a greater role for voters in the election of their parliamentary representatives. I define the electoral system as a “set of laws and party rules governing electoral competition between and within the parties” (Cox 1997: 38). This wider definition of the electoral system gives us space to build a more complete picture of the electoral system’s impact on political parties, candidates and voters as main actors in the electoral process. The focus of the research is the relationship between personal and party representation. In order to conduct a more comprehensive analysis of the effects of personalization on political parties, the research framework is narrowed down to list proportional electoral systems with preferential voting. Contemporary liberal democracy is characterized by a highly personalized politics. Governments are more recognizable by their leaders than by the parties that are the basis of their constitution. This personalization trend is not characteristic exclusively of presidential systems, but has become a feature of parliamentary political systems. In addition to personalization of the party at the leader level, there is also the personalization of politics at the level of members of parliament (MPs). In this paper, we only use the term ‘personalization of a party’ in reference to personalization at the level of the MP. We will not deal with the question of the presidentialization of political parties. Under the personalization of a political party at the level of MPs, we mean strengthening the position of deputies in the intra-party decision-making process. Thanks to the introduction of preferential voting in list proportional list systems, the group of electoral systems in which voters play an important role in the selection of their representatives has significantly expanded. Historically speaking, the representative position has been strengthened by the accepted attitude that the MP, not the party, is the ‘owner of the mandate’; preferential voting supports this. This paper deals with the personalization of politics at the level of the representative—the political party. That is to say, it explores the question of to what degree personalization of the electoral system affects the political party, its intra- and its inter-party dimension. Moreover, the paper deals with personal and party representation, an area that is a new field of interest for political scientists. Through this relationship, I explore the effect of electoral systems on political parties, candidates and voters. in developing this work, I was guided by the results achieved by Katz (1980, 1986) and Marsh 9 (1985) who first dealt with this issue. In his book A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems (1980), Katz took his first steps in the research of preferential systems. Five years later, Marsh (1985) was dealing with differences between the preferential systems in Europe. In their works, Katz and Marsh set forth the first hypotheses about the effects of preferential voting. Although there has been a growing interest in research in this area over the last decade, no significant progress has yet been made. Karvonen (2004) made a significant step in systematizing the hypotheses of Katz and Marsh, and he added some more points. In his last paper on this subject (2011), Karvonen was working within the same group of hypotheses, which were open to further research. They are the basis of this research, with additional contributions. A major impetus for this work was one of the most influential articles in this field, ‘Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas’ by Carey and Shugart (1995), which examines the question of the influence of electoral systems on the candidate’s electoral strategies—that is, how electoral systems influence the pre-election roles of parties and their candidates. The authors developed three variables: (1) lack of party leadership control over access to and rank in ballots; (2) degree to which candidates are elected on individual votes independent of copartisans; and (3) whether voters cast a single intra-party vote instead of multiple votes or a party-level vote. By combining these three variables, there are up to thirteen combinations. This approach set me up to explore the impact that personalization creates when it comes to the relationship between the MP candidate and the party, or the MP and the party. Most authors agree that the introduction of personalization of the electoral system significantly affects interparty relations, which are sometimes reflected in a high degree of autonomy in campaigning and even in the collection and spending of funds for funding of their personal campaign. The bidding of candidates from the same party exercises a strong influence on intra-party relations, and it often happens that rival relations within the parties remain in the shadow of rival relations between the parties.

The article discusses curriculum management changes while trying to respond to the challenge of learning personalisation in the field of lower-secondary education in Lithuania. The paper investigates what transformations learning personalisation might bring into educational practices and how they change regular curriculum management practices starting from learning environment, new roles of teachers, combining individual and group work in the classroom environment and development of new learning scenarios. This article is based on the findings of a case study of one of the Lithuanian lower secondary schools, when a new learning scenario was implemented creatively applying a digital storytelling method. The research indicates that students’ active classroom participation increased, driven by the personalised approach and the use of diverse digital media. The article reveals that learning personalisation supported by technologies brings changes to the classroom management practices and strengthens teacher-student and peer-to-peer collaboration.

Uslijed demografskih promjena, socijalni rad sa starijim osobama pred velikim je izazovima. Važno je na te izazove odgovoriti profesionalno u skladu s načelima i smjernicama za socijalni rad. U tom je kontekstu vrlo važna metoda personaliziranog planiranja i pružanja usluga. Ta metoda postoji u međunarodnom kontekstu socijalnog rada. Stoga se u ovom radu govori o njezinom unapređenju i praktičnoj primjeni iz perspektive pružanja personaliziranih usluga i perspektive korisnika. Personalizacija, perspektiva korisnika i uključenost načela su koja su dio suvremenih socijalnih politika, no u kontekstu dugoročne skrbi ta su načela temelj za promjenu paradigme u skrbi. U socijalnom radu, spomenuta su načela ključne polazne točke za pružanje profesionalne pomoći koja se osigurava upravo metodom personaliziranog planiranja i pružanja usluga. Specifične karakteristike te metode u socijalnom radu predstavljamo na primjeru starijih osoba te ukazujemo na slabe točke u pružanju personalizirane skrbi i osnaživanju starijih osoba. Nakon primjera za primjenu te metode u institucionalnoj skrbi za starije osobe u Sloveniji ukazujemo na vrstu promjena do kojih dolazi u životu korisnika i radu institucije uslijed primjene te metode. Smatramo da će u budućnosti metoda personaliziranog planiranja i pružanja usluga biti glavno načelo socijalnog rada po kojem se profesionalni socijalni rad razlikuje od drugih disciplina, čime ima središnju ulogu u osnaživanju starijih osoba i omogućavanju autonomnog odlučivanja u procesu primanja pomoći., Due to demographic changes, social work with older people has been confronted with great challenges. It is essential to respond to them professionally, in a way adapted to the concepts and guidelines of social work. The method of personal planning and implementation of services is very important in this context. This method is present in the international context of social work; therefore its development and practice are discussed in this contribution from the perspective of providing personalisation and user perspective. Personalisation, user perspective and participation are the concepts followed by contemporary social policies, but in long-term care they represent the foundations of the paradigm shift in care. In social work, the concepts mentioned are key starting points to substantiate the provision of professional help that is ensured with the very method of personal planning and implementation of services. The specific features of this method in social work shall be presented in the case of older people, and we shall draw attention to issues that represent our weaker points in providing personalisation and empowerment of older people. Following the example of the use of this method in institutional care for older people in Slovenia, we shall show the nature of changes emerging from this method in the life of the residents and the operation of institutions. For the future, the method of personal planning and implementation of services is seen as the central principle of social work that separates professional social work from other disciplines, giving it a central role in the empowerment of older people and providing autonomous decision-making in the helping process.

Kvalifikācijas darbu izstrādāts par tēmu diferencēta tautas tradīciju iepazīšana jaukta vecuma bērnu grupā. Kvalifikācijas darbs izstrādāts ar mērķi pētīt diferencētu tautas tradīciju iepazīšanu jaukta vecuma bērnu grupā pirmsskolā. Empīriskā pētījuma jautājums ir kā īstenot tautas tradīciju diferencētu iepazīšanu, strādājot jaukta vecuma bērnu grupā pirmsskolā? Kvalifikācijas darba pētījums sastāv no divām daļā - teorētiskā un empīriskā daļa. Teorētiskajā daļā analizēju zināmus latviešu autorus, kā piemēram, R. Alijevs, M. Dirba, V. Gremble, I. Reizniece, I. Maslo, D. Kraukle, G. Svence, A. Špona, V. Zelmenis. Analizējot autora darbus tiek pētīts diferenciācijas, personalizācijas, individuālisma jēdzieni. Uzmanība tika pievērsta diferenciācijas pielietojumam pirmsskolas izglītības iestādēs, metožu daudzveidībai strādājot ar bērniem, kā arī, kā pedagogam praksē pielietot diferenciācijas metodes. Pedagoģiskās darbības analīzei tika izmantota konkrētu svētku svinēšana jaukta vecuma grupā. Tiek izmantots svētku scenārijs, lai praksē veikt pedagoģisko novērošanu. Analizējot pedagogu darbu tika veikta aptauja, lai uzzinātu viedokli par to, kā diferenciācija tiek pielietota praksē. Empīriskā pētījuma rezultātā tika secināts ar kādām grūtībām jāsaskaras pedagogiem darbojoties ar jauta vecuma grupu. Kādas ir visefektīvākās metodes diferencējot uzdevumus tautas tradīciju apgūšanai jaukta vecuma grupā. Dotais pētījums noderēs ikvienam kura ikdiena paiet jaukta vecuma grupā, gan vecākiem, gan skolotajiem. Atslēgas vārdi: diferenciācija, jaukts vecums, personalizācija, tautas tradīcijas. Darba saturs: 57. lpp., ietver 1 attēlu, izmantoti 46 literatūras avoti, pievienoti 8 pielikumi., Qualification work is devoted to the topic of getting acquainted with differentiated folk traditions in the group of mixed age children. The qualification work has been developed with the aim of exploring the familiarization of differentiated folk traditions in the group of mixed-age children in preschool. The question of empirical research is how to implement differentiated familiarization of folk traditions by working in a mixed age group of children in preschool? The qualification work study consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part I analyze certain Latvian authors, such as R. Alijev, M. Dirba, V. Gremble, I. Reizniece, I. Maslo, D. Kraukle, G. Svence, A. Špona, V. Zelmenis. When analyzing the author's works, the concepts of differentiation, personalization and individualism are studied. Attention was paid to the use of differentiation in pre-school educational institutions, the diversity of methods working with children, and how to apply differentiation methods to a teacher in practice. For the analysis of pedagogical activity, the celebration of specific festivities in mixed age group was used. Holiday scenario is used to practice pedagogical observation. Analyzing the work of teachers, a survey was conducted to find out how differentiation is applied in practice. As a result of the empirical study, it was concluded that the difficulties faced by educators in dealing with the age group were difficult. What are the most effective methods of differentiating tasks for learning folk traditions in a mixed age group. This study will be useful for everyone whose daily life is mixed, both parents and teachers. Keywords: differentiation, mixed age, personalization, folk traditions. Work content: P. 57, includes, 1 picture, 46 literature sources, 8 appendices added.

Socialna omrežja, kot je Facebook, ponujajo vrsto priložnosti za učinkovito množično komunikacijo. Te so pogosto uspešno izrabljene s strani marketinških podjetij, ki v njih vidijo sredstvo za povečevanje profita, medtem ko institucije – ki bi iste principe lahko uporabile za izobraževanje in spodbujanje javnosti k družbeno koristnim vedenjem – v aplikaciji principov učinkovite množične komunikacije tradicionalno zaostajajo. V pričujoči študiji se osredotočamo na enega od tovrstnih principov, in sicer na strategije psihološkega ciljanja, pri katerih pošiljatelj sporočila poskrbi za ujemanje Facebook oglasov s psihološkimi karakteristikami posameznika, ki bo oglasu izpostavljen. Medtem ko pretekla literatura razkriva nekatere koristi psihološko ciljanih strategij v kontekstu komercialnega marketinga, v pričujoči študiji raziskovanje psihološkega ciljanja premikamo v kontekst socialnega marketinga in nadgrajujemo s preverjanjem mnogih – do tega trenutka slabo raziskanih – elementov. Pri tem se osredotočamo na tri raznolike teme, ki imajo znanstveno podporo in bi lahko koristile posameznikom ter družbi v celoti (cepljenje proti gripi, preventiva demence in zmanjševanje ogljičnega odtisa), Facebook objave pa prilagajamo posameznikovi ekstravertnosti, odprtosti ali pa obema omenjenima osebnostnima lastnostma hkrati (profil osebnosti). Za preverjanje učinkovitosti psihološko ciljanih strategij v kontekstu socialnega marketinga smo pripravili dva eksperimenta. V prvi študiji (laboratorijska študija) preverjamo pretežno kognitivne mehanizme, prek katerih bi psihološko ciljanje lahko vodilo do želenih izidov, kot je vedenjska sprememba, in sicer samoporočano naklonjenost Facebook objavam, pozornost, zajeto s sledilnikom oči in spomin, merjen z računalniško nalogo. Na vzorcu 98 udeležencev ugotavljamo, da oglasi s kongruentno ekstravertnostjo in kongruentnim profilom osebnosti kažejo konsistentne koristi v primerjavi z inkongruentnimi objavami, a so učinki na naklonjenost, pozornost in uspešnost prepoznave blagi. Nadalje v drugi študiji (spletni eksperiment) preverjamo bolj oprijemljive, socialnopsihološke izide, in sicer spremembo stališč ter spremembo vedenjskih namer. Na vzorcu 312 udeležencev ugotavljamo, da se v smeri izrazitejšega poviševanja stališč in vedenjskih namer v primerjavi z inkongruentnimi oglasi nagibajo predvsem učinki objav s kongruentnim profilom osebnosti, a so le-ti blagi in ne popolnoma uniformni. Ob tem smo v obeh študijah preverjali še odobravanje psihološkega ciljanja. Rezultati kažejo, da večina udeležencev ne odobrava psihološkega ciljanja ali pa bi psihološko ciljanje odobravali le pod določenimi pogoji, npr. kadar se uporablja v dobro uporabnikov. Pri tem se kažejo tudi pomembni napovedniki odobravanja, npr. starost. Skupno ti rezultati implicirajo, da psihološko ciljanje lahko prinaša koristi v smislu kognitivnih in socialnopsiholoških izidov, a so te šibke. Nadalje študija razkriva, da ima večina ljudi zadržke do uporabe psihološkega ciljanja. V diskusiji te rezultate povežemo s preteklo literaturo, izpostavimo njihovo uporabno vrednost ter se dotaknemo pomanjkljivosti pričujočih študij. Social media, such as Facebook, offer a myriad of opportunities for effective mass communication. Many such opportunities are successfully used by marketing companies as a means to increase profits, while institutions – which could use these same principles to educate the public and encourage them to act in their best interest – traditionally lag behind. In the present study, we focus on one such principle, psychological targeting, whereby a communicator matches the content of Facebook ads to the psychological characteristics of people who will be exposed to them. While past literature reveals some of the benefits of psychologically targeted strategies in the context of commercial marketing, we extend the literature by exploring psychological targeting in the context of social marketing and by testing several novel aspects. In doing so, we focus on three diverse topics that have substantial scientific support and could benefit individuals and society as a whole (influenza vaccination, dementia prevention, and carbon footprint reduction), and match the content of Facebook posts to fit individuals’ extraversion, openness to experience, or both of these personality traits at the same time (personality profile). We test the effectiveness of psychologically targeted strategies in the context of social marketing via two experiments. In the study 1 (a laboratory experiment), we test the (mainly) cognitive mechanisms by which psychological targeting could lead to positive outcomes, such as behavioral change, namely self-reported liking of presented materials, attention captured by the eye-tracker, and the memory, measured with a computerized task. On the sample of 98 participants, we find that ads with congruent extraversion and congruent personality profiles consistently show benefits over incongruent materials. However, the effects on ad liking, attention, and recognition are predominantly small. Furthermore, in the second study (an online experiment), we focus on more tangible, social-psychological outcomes, namely attitude change and changes in behavioral intention. On the sample of 312 participants, we find that only ads with congruent personality profiles tend to lead to more pronounced increases in both outcomes (compared to incongruent ads). However, the effects were less consistent and mild. Additionally, we also studied people's approval of psychological targeting in both studies. The results show that the majority does not approve of psychological targeting, or that they would only approve of it under certain conditions, e.g. when it is used for the sole benefit of the users. The results also illuminate several important predictors of public attitudes towards psychological targeting, such as age. Taken together, these results indicate that psychological targeting can be beneficial in terms of cognitive and socio-psychological outcomes but these benefits are generally weak. Furthermore, the study reveals that most people have concerns regarding the use of psychological targeting. In the discussion, we compare these results with the past literature, highlight their practical value, and outline the limitations of the present studies.

Skrbno načrtovana uporabniška izkušnja lahko uporabnikom olajša poslovanje in ga naredi zanimivejšega, hitrejšega in bolj intuitivnega. Z razvojem novih tehnologij nam je omogočeno eksperimentiranje z novimi možnostmi za razvoj boljše uporabniške izkušnje. Tehnološki razvoj lahko nam, oblikovalcem, služi kot opora za nadaljnje razvijanje storitev in produktov. Personalizacija v bančništvu je eden od prevladujočih trendov v tem sektorju. S pomočjo algoritmov, ki jih omogoča umetna inteligenca, je možna personalizacija vseh storitev, pri tem pa menim, da ima oblikovalec zelo pomembno vlogo. Na tržišče prihajajo inovativne tehnologije, ki potrebujejo oblikovanje. Skozi diplomsko delo sem iskala možnosti za povezovanje, ki vodijo do odlične uporabniške izkušnje in s tem banke prihodnosti. Poslovanja v poslovalnicah bo vedno manj. Prav tako bo vedno manj interakcij med stranko in bančnim uslužbencem, zato je pomembno, da uporabnike navadimo na digitalizirano izkušnjo, ki pa bo s seboj prinesla tudi marsikatere spremembe v primarnem delovanju bank. A carefully planned user experience can facilitate the use of services for the users and make it more interesting, efficient and intuitive. The newly developed technologies enable us to experiment with new possibilities in order to develop a better user experience. Technological advancements can serve the designers as a support for further development of services and products. One of the prevailing trends in banking is personalization. Algorithms enabled by the artificial intelligence make possible the personalization of all services, and I believe that designers play a very important role in this process. Innovative technologies that are being introduced to the market need designing. In my diploma paper, I have examined the possibilities for such cooperation, which would lead to an excellent user experience and to the bank of the future. In the future, there will be fewer and fewer services provided in bank offices, as well as fewer and fewer interactions between customers and bank clerks it is therefore important that the customers get used to the digitalized experience, which will bring along several changes in the primary activities of banks as well.

Tema ovog diplomskog rada odnosi se na analizu prilagođavanja elemenata marketinškog spleta temeljem podataka prikupljenih sustavom upravljanja odnosima s korisnicima. CRM je integrirani informacijski sustav koji se koristi za planiranje, raspored i kontrolu prije prodajnih i poslije prodajnih aktivnosti u organizaciji. Privredna banka Zagreb moderna je financijska institucija svjesna svoje uloge i ukupnog utjecaja na hrvatsko društvo. Poštivanjem regionalnih posebnosti područja na kojem posluje, Privredna banka Zagreb stvara uzajamno povjerenje, osjećaj pripadnosti, a time i lojalnost klijenata. Provedenom analizom vidljivo je kako Banka ulaže u svoj odnos s klijentima, no prostora za produktivnijom personalizacijom još postoji. The subject of this graduate thesis deals with the analysis of the adjustment of the elements of a marketing match based on the data collected through the customer relationship management system. CRM is an integrated information system used to plan, schedule, and control pre-sales and after-sales activities in the organization. Privredna banka Zagreb is a modern financial institution aware of its role and overall influence on Croatian society. By respecting the regional specialties of the area in which it operates, Privredna banka Zagreb creates mutual trust, sense of belonging, and thus loyalty of clients. The analysis shows that the Bank invests in its customer relationship, but there is still room for more productive personalization.

V zadnjih letih se družbena omrežja uporabljajo kot priročno in učinkovito orodje za politično (vizualno) komuniciranje. Gre za politično komuniciranje, ki je načrtovano in nadzorovano, ter za ustvarjanje podobe, tako javne kot zasebne. Instagram se je kot orodje za politično komuniciranje začel uporabljati tudi med slovenskimi politiki in veliko se je začelo govoriti o personalizaciji politike. Zato sem se odločila za analizo personalizacije politikov na družbenem omrežju Instagram med slovenskimi politiki. S pomočjo kodirne tabele sem na javnih profilih analizirala fotografije petih politikov. Zanimalo me je, na kakšen način se politiki preko fotografij samoreprezentirajo. Postavila sem tezo, da so fotografije politikov sredstvo personalizacije. Ugotovila sem, da se politiki samoreprezentirajo na več načinov, ki vsebujejo produkcijo jaza, performans politikov in tipologijo personalizacije. Rezultati so pokazali, da med personaliziranimi in nepersonaliziranimi fotografijami ni povezave (ni statistične značilnosti), torej sem svojo tezo ovrgla. Personalizacija na fotografijah je prisotna, a je poleg fotografij, ki prikazujejo zasebno življenje, tudi veliko fotografij, ki prikazujejo javno podobo politikov znotraj političnega polja. Menim, da je Instagram lahko uporabno orodje za politično komuniciranje, ki ga lahko politiki dobro izkoristijo. Personalizacije v politiki ne vidim izključno kot negativne. Čeprav menim, da določene fotografije iz zasebnega življenja politikov lahko diskreditirajo njihovo javno politično podobo, personalizacijo vidim tudi kot uporabno pri poistovetenju ljudi s politiki, ki so konec koncev navadni smrtniki, tako kot vsi mi. In recent years, social networks are being used as a handy and efficient tool for political (visual) communication. It is about planned and controlled political communication, and about creating an image, both public and private. Instagram has started to be used as a tool for political communication among Slovenian politicians too, and there has been much talk about the personalization of politics. I therefore decided to analyse the personalization of Slovenian politicians on the Instagram social network. By means of an encoding table, I analysed the photographs of five politicians on their public profiles. I wished to determine how politicians self-represent through photographs. I posed the hypothesis that politicians’ photographs were a means of personalization. It has been established that politicians self-represent in several ways, which include production of the self, politicians’ performance, and typology of personalization. The results have shown that there is no correlation (no statistical significance) between the personalized and the non-personalized photographs, which is why the hypothesis has been refuted. Personalization is present in the photographs, however, in addition to the photographs showing their private lives, there are many photographs that show the public image of politicians within the political sphere. I believe that Instagram can be a useful tool for political communication and could be well utilised by politicians. In my opinion, personalization in politics is not necessarily a negative thing. Though it is my opinion that certain photographs from politicians’ private lives may discredit their public political image, I perceive personalization as useful in helping people to identify with politicians, who are, after all, mere mortals just like us.

Planer je tiskani osebni dnevnik ali organizator, ki uporabniku omogoča pregled nad prihajajočimi obveznostmi in mu hkrati omogoča lažje organiziranje svojega časa. Poznamo tiskane in elektronske različice planerjev (elektronske različice računalniških programskih orodij ali orodij pametnih naprav), vendar pa na tem področju ni bilo narejenih veliko raziskav. Zaradi napredka tehnologije lahko zasledimo pogosto uporabo elektronskih planerjev, čeprav se na tržišču kaže vedno večja tendenca uporabe tiskanih planerjev. Ker pa je potreb, okusov in stilov zelo veliko, si vsak uporabnik želi imeti nekaj svojega, personaliziranega in enako velja tudi za planerje. Skladno z navedenim je bil cilj diplomskega dela oblikovati in izdelati ustrezno dodelan ter prilagojen personaliziran tiskan planer, ki bi služil v pomoč pri vsakodnevni organizaciji dela ter časa. Za ciljno skupino je bila izbrana starostna skupina mladih žensk (od 18 do 30 let), zato je bilo tudi samo oblikovanje naravnano nežnejšemu spolu. Za potrebe diplomskega dela je bila v nalogi najprej preučena teorija, ki predstavlja značilnosti, pomen in namen tiskanih ter elektronskih različic planerjev. Glede na to, da je bil cilj naloge izdelati tiskano različico personaliziranega planerja, so v teoretičnem delu predstavljene značilnosti grafične priprave za tisk in potek oblikovalskega ter izvedbenega procesa od zamisli do končnega izdelka. V eksperimentalnem delu diplomskega dela je vsebina osredotočena na načrtovanje ustrezne grafične priprave in končne izdelave grafičnega izdelka – personaliziranega planerja. V njem je najprej predstavljena raziskava trenutnega stanja ponudbe tiskanih planerjev na slovenskem trgu, v osrednjem delu eksperimentalnega poglavja pa je opisan postopek oblikovanja idejnega osnutka, uporabljenih metod oblikovanja in izbire ustreznega materiala ter dodelavnih metod. Z namenom, da pridobimo mnenje potencialnih kupcev in ugotovimo možnosti vključitve morebitnih izboljšav samega izdelka, je bila izdelana tudi anketa o uporabniški izkušnji. V rezultatih z razpravo je podrobno predstavljen potek oblikovanja personaliziranega planerja s slikovno predstavitvijo in ugotovitvami, ki so bile ključnega pomena priprave končnega izdelka. V rezultatih je povzeta tudi raziskava obstoječega stanja na slovenskem trgu in analiza opravljene ankete o uporabniški izkušnji končnega izdelka, na podlagi izsledkov pa so navedene tudi možnosti nadaljnjih izboljšav personaliziranega planerja. Diplomsko delo predstavlja izdelano tiskano različico oblikovanega personaliziranega planerja, ki vsebuje letno in tedensko razporeditev za prihajajoče leto 2019 ter druge dodatne strani za boljšo organizacijo časa, dela, obveznosti, pomembnih dogodkov in drugega. A planner is a printed personal diary or organizer, which enables its users an overview of the upcoming obligations, and, at the same time, simplifies the organization of their time. There are printed and electronic versions of planners (electronic versions of software tools of computer or other smart devices). However, not much research has been published on this topic. Due to the technological progress nowadays, mainly digital versions of planners are used, though the tendency of printed planner usage surprisingly grows day in day out. Every user wants to have something of his own and personalized because there are a lot of needs, tastes, and styles and the same applies to the planners. In accordance with the above, the goal of the bachelor’s thesis was to design and produce properly completed and personalized printed planner designed to help with the day-to-day organization of work and time. The focused target group of users was a group of younger women (18 – 30 years). Therefore, the design itself was adjusted to gentler gender. For the purpose of the bachelor’s thesis, the task was first to examine the theory, which presents the characteristics, the meaning, and the purpose of printed as well as electronic versions of planners. Considering that the aim of the thesis was to produce a printed version of a personalized planner, the theoretical part of the thesis presents the characteristics of the graphical printing prepress and the progress of design and implementation processes from the idea to the final product. In the experimental part of the thesis, the content focuses on designing the appropriate graphic prepress and the final production of a graphical product – a personalized planner. In this part, firstly a survey of the current state of supply of printed planners in the Slovenian market is presented, while the middle part presents the designing process of the conceptual design, the used designing methods, and the selection of the appropriate material as well as finishing methods. In the results with discussion, the course of designing a personalized planner with image presentation and findings which were crucial for the preparation of the finished product is described in detail. The results also summarize the research of the current situation on the Slovenian market and the analysis of the conducted survey on the user experience of the final product, while the possibilities for further improvements of the personalized planner are also mentioned based on the results of the survey. The bachelor’s thesis presents a printed version of the designed personalized planner which contains the annual as well as weekly distribution for the forthcoming year 2019 and some other additional pages for better organization of time, work, obligations, important events, and others.

This paper analyses the daily newspaper reporting on key political leaders of the 2016 parliamentary elections, the first early parliamentary elections in Croatia directly caused by a breakup of the ruling coalition. The introduction to these surprise and short-notice elections, at which preferential voting was practiced for only the second time, was a short election campaign and a change in leadership of the biggest party (HDZ), which triggered the extensive use of personalisation in campaigns run by the biggest parties and their coalitions. This study examines how five leaders of the most prominent political parties were presented in the six most relevant Croatian daily newspapers during the official election campaign. The findings reveal that the leaders of the two biggest parties dominated media coverage, but also that the only new leader, HDZ's Andrej Plenković, had a very favourable treatment in all of the analysed daily newspapers. Results also showed political programmes and private lives of the leaders to be marginal topics within the analysed leaders' media coverage., Rad analizira izvještavanje dnevnih novina o ključnim političkim vođama parlamentarnih izbora u Hrvatskoj 2016. godine, prvih prijevremenih parlamentarnih izbora u Hrvatskoj koji su se dogodili kao posljedica raspada vladajuće koalicije. Uvod u ove nagle izbore na kojima se sustav preferencijalnoga glasovanja rabio tek drugi put bila je kratka izborna kampanja i promjena vođe najveće stranke (HDZ), što je utjecalo na snažnu prisutnost elementa personalizacije u kampanjama vodećih stranaka i koalicija. Ovaj rad analizira kako je pet vođa najjačih stranaka i koalicija bilo predstavljeno u šest dnevnih novina za trajanja službene izborne kampanje. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako su vođe dviju najvećih stranaka dominirali u medijskim objavama, ali i da je jedino novo lice među vođama u odnosu na prethodne izbore, predsjednik HDZ-a Andrej Plenković, imao izraženo pozitivan tretman u većini analiziranih medija. Konačno, rezultati pokazuju i kako su se politički programi i privatan život političkih vođa pokazali kao marginalne teme medijskih objava posvećenih političkim vođama.

Straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti ir palyginti Angliją ir Lietuvą personalizuotų psichosocialinių paslaugų kontekste. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad Anglijoje psichosocialinių paslaugų personalizacija tiek politiniu, tiek praktiniu lygmenimis sėkmingai įgyvendinama ir plėtojama, tuo tarpu Lietuvoje psichosocialinės paslaugos apskritai yra tik pradinėje vystymosi stadijoje, jos nėra visiškai integruotos į onkologinių ligonių sveikatos priežiūros sistemą, nepakankamai dėmesio skiriama holistiniams ligonių poreikiams. Tačiau, nors politiniu lygmeniu apie personalizaciją Lietuvoje nekalbama, analizės rezultatai rodo, kad jai įgyvendinti gali būti sudarytos palankios sąlygos, stiprinant valstybinių institucijų ir NVO bendradarbiavimą. Straipsnio pabaigoje autoriai pateikia teorinį personalizuotų psichosocialinių paslaugų teikimo modelį, pagrįstą Lietuvos praktika. The authors discuss, explore and evaluate the national systemic differences between Lithuania and England in the context of personalisation of psychosocial services for cancer patients, highlighting the role of the non-governmental sector organisations. First, there are studied such fields as the conception of personalisation, the implementing qualities, and the role of the non-governmental sector. Next, the authors compare and analyse the background of the two countries’ healthcare systems, the regulation of psychosocial care as (un)favourable conditions for implementing personalised psychosocial services. Finally, based on the practically implemented personalised psychosocial service model’s characteristics in England, there are compared the existing psychosocial care delivery models for cancer patients, and applying the personalisation approach the main similarities and differences are indicated. The research tools used in the article include literature analysis, as well as descriptive and multivariate comparative analysis. Multivariate comparative analysis has proved that England is a leader in terms of personalised psychosocial care delivery model development, while in Lithuania the degree of integration of psychosocial services for cancer patients is low and much more attention has to be paid to individual holistic needs of cancer patients. However, despite the fact that any political discussion on personalisation at the national level has not been detected in Lithuania, some crucial evidence was found which reveal favourable conditions for implementing the personalisation at the local level, namely by involving the third sector organisations. In addition, the authors present a theoretical model of personalised psychosocial care delivery and discuss the roles of the major players.