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This manuscript presents a novel control approach for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) by integrating the widely used Direct Torque Control (DTC) method with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), specifically the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm. The TD3 algorithm is well-suited to address the challenges posed by high-dimensional state and action spaces in PMSM drives. The conventional Proportional–Integral (PI) controller in the outer loop of DTC is replaced with the DRL based TD3 agent to overcome the limitations of traditional PI controllers, such as model dependency and complex parameter tuning. The DRL technique allows the agent to learn optimal control policies from experience, making it suitable for complex and nonlinear control problems. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the TD3-based control in achieving accurate speed tracking under varying operating conditions. Real-time experimental validation using a TMS320F28379D digital signal processor confirms the feasibility of the proposed DRL based approach. The research offers new insights into improving the performance of PMSM drives and paves the way for future advancements in electric drive control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the issues of significant input variations and complex disturbances in speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), a Modified Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) based on an improved Modified Extended State Observer (ESO) is proposed in this paper. In this new method, a nonlinear cascaded structure of observers is adopted. By utilizing the TD filter, high‐frequency noise can be attenuated while preserving the dynamic characteristics of the signal. Moreover, system oscillations caused by minor errors are effectively suppressed. The introduction of propeller and wave models enhances the realism of simulated marine environmental disturbances. Research results indicate that, compared to a single Extended State Observer, the cascaded MESO exhibits better disturbance rejection and noise resistance in complex marine environments, and the proposed MADRC outperforms both PI controllers and ADRC in dealing with marine environmental disturbances. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article proposes an enhanced adaptive disturbance rejection control strategy for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The traditional fixed bandwidth quadrature phase‐locked loop (Q‐PLL) is insufficient to meet system dynamics in the event of sudden speed changes or motor disturbances, resulting in a significant decrease in control performance. Meanwhile, conventional extended state observers usually rely on a fixed high gain for fast convergence, which raises concerns about their sensitivity to noise. To overcome these challenges, the proposed method introduces a third‐order adaptive cascaded linear extended state observer (ACLESO) in place of the conventional PLL to accurately estimate the speed, phase, and overall disturbances, ensuring timely and accurate estimation of the total disturbance. Then, a speed controller based on linear state error feedback control law (LSEFCL) was designed to enhance the dynamic performance of the system. Based on the stability analysis using the Lyapunov function, finally, extensive experimental tests were carried out to verify the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe torque ripple and determination of the weighting factor pose significant challenges in traditional predictive torque control. A deadbeat predictive torque control scheme designed to minimize torque ripple for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors is proposed in this paper, eliminating the need for a cost function. Additionally, a novel method for calculating action time based on geometric principles is proposed. First, the deadbeat direct torque and flux control is employed to obtain the reference voltage vector. To reduce the computational burden, the nearest virtual voltage vector is selected directly without a cost function. Subsequently, the torque ripple is further reduced by calculating the corresponding action time based on the introduced geometric relationship in the volt-sec coordinate system. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the torque ripple reduction method under different working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problem of large torque ripple and poor output performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor, a new topology of asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, and the torque ripple of this motor structure and the suppression method are analyzed. First, the equivalent magnetic circuit method and Lorentz force law are used to derive the analytical formula of torque ripple of the motor. Then, based on the analytical formula, the parameters of permanent magnet of the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous motor are optimized and verified by finite element software simulation; on this basis, the method of rotor eccentricity is used to further weaken the torque ripple of the motor, and the optimal eccentricity distance is analyzed. The research shows that when the parameters of the magnetic pole of the asymmetric magnetic pole permanent magnet synchronous motor is appropriate, the harmonic content of the air gap magnetic density of the optimized motor is greatly reduced, and the motor has good output characteristics, and the torque ripple is reduced to 5.4%. Finally, the prototype is trial‐manufactured and tested. The results show that after optimization, the cogging torque of the motor is reduced, the torque output performance is improved, and the overall motor performance is improved. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The output voltage of inverters is influenced by nonlinear factors such as dead time and voltage drops, injecting low-order harmonics. This results in fifth and seventh harmonic distortions in the stator current, causing periodic torque ripples and significantly affecting the control precision of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). To address this issue, this paper proposes a control strategy named quasi-proportional-resonant sliding mode control (QPR-SMC). Initially, sliding mode control is employed as the current controller to enhance disturbance rejection capability and provide a rapid dynamic response. Subsequently, a quasi-proportional-resonant controller is introduced to extract the sixth harmonic component from the current, which is then used as a compensation term for the sliding mode control surface. Finally, the current tracking error and the compensation term are combined as inputs to the sliding mode control law, forming a current error-proportional resonant-sliding mode control surface. This approach enhances the harmonic suppression capability of the system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces the fifth and seventh harmonic components in the three-phase current and mitigates motor jitter by suppressing the sixth harmonic in the d–q coordinate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript proposes a hybrid method for drive control using a multilevel inverter (MLI) for electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed technique is the joint execution of spiking neural network (SNN), and sand cat swarm optimization (SCSO), hence it is named as SCSO-SNN technique. The primary goal of the proposed technique is to improve the speed tracking performance and, energy efficiency and lessen the torque ripple of the EV. The set of control signals is generated by SCSO and the SNN is used to forecast the optimal control signal of the cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI). The proposed technique is implemented in the MATLAB software and is evaluated their performance with various present methods. The results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance than current techniques based on speed tracking, energy efficiency, and torque ripple. The proposed method enhanced the total efficiency of the system (96%) and reduced the torque ripple (0.5%) when contrasted with current techniques like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Spotted Hyena Optimizer (SHO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed method shows a mean of 1.269, a median of 1.212, and a standard deviation of 0.015, indicating high stability and consistency. It also demonstrates lower switching losses (0.159 W) and conduction losses (0.370 W) compared to existing methods, underscoring its superior energy efficiency and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problems of large sliding mode chatter and phase delay in the traditional first-order flux sliding mode observer, a HOT FSMO (High-Order Terminal Flux Sliding Mode Observer) based on an improved tracking differentiator is proposed in this study. A high-order sliding mode control law is designed to achieve chatter suppression of flux linkage estimation, and a new tracking differentiator with low chatter containing a terminal attractor is combined to replace the conventional low pass filter to achieve accurate tracking of the flux linkage and rotor position, as well as filtering functions. The experimental results show that the HOT FSMO based on the novel tracking differentiator can effectively reduce the sliding mode chattering and decrease the position estimation error, while speeding up the system response and improving the system dynamic performance under different speed and load conditions when compared with the traditional linear flux linkage sliding mode observer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compound sliding mode controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on an adaptive terminal sliding mode reaching law with generalized proportional integral observer is proposed. First, an adaptive terminal reaching law is proposed to solve the defects of large chattering in commonly used sliding mode control, which consists of a piecewise function and a terminal term of state variables. The reaching law could adjust the gain according to the distance between the system state and the equilibrium point. On the premise of reducing chattering, a higher reaching speed is guaranteed. The convergence time has an upper bound and is not concerned with the initial value of the sliding mode variable. Based on the reaching law, an adaptive sliding mode controller is established. Second, to reduce the sliding mode gain and enhance the antidisturbance ability of the PMSM, a generalized proportional integral observer is established to evaluate the perturbations in PMSM and compensate them to the speed controller in real time. Simulations and experiments verify that the new compound control method has a faster-approaching speed, smaller chattering, and stronger antidisturbance ability than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles have seen substantial growth in recent years in the emerging economies of the world. The current market scenario of E-vehicles is dominated by PMSM or BLDC motors due to their higher torque-to-power density, and efficiency with added performance metrics of the motor. However, the higher capital cost of permanent magnets makes the motor designers to consider an alternative to magnetic motors, the so-called Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM). With proper FEM analysis and controller design, if SRMs can able to achieve the performance metrics of a PMSM/BLDC, it will be a breakthrough in the automotive sector with affordable prices. Based on the aforementioned facts, this research work focuses on SRM as a viable alternative to the existing PMSM/BLDC motor. The work concentrates on the design and development of an 8/6 SRM for a Tri-wheeler E-vehicle application. The designed motor is fabricated, tested and controlled by WAVECT, an FPGA-based real-time digital controller which is used to control the commutation of the 8/6 SRM. The yielded response satisfactorily proves that the designed 8/6 SRM can be effectively used for the Tri-wheeler E-vehicle application, thereby paving the way for sustainable energy conservation in the automotive sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a Dual Winding Flux Modulation Machine (DWFMM) is proposed for variable speed application. The DWFMM is configured by adding windings to the Single Winding Flux Modulation Machine (SWFMM), consisting of a master winding that drives the motor and a slave winding that enables pole changing and performance enhancement. Through pole changing, the DWFMM can operate as two different machines: a Vernier Machine (VM) for varying speeds and torque operations and a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). In the VM mode, flux enhancement is applied to improve torque, and in the PMSM mode, Flux Weakening is applied to increase speed. The characteristics of the two different operating modes were analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to validate the machine's performance. Finally, the DWFMM and SWFMM were designed and compared as variable speed application machines to confirm their suitability and superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the smart factory, the loading and unloading of goods by automatic guided vehicle in the driving state will cause speed fluctuations. To this problem, this article takes the permanent magnet synchronous motor of automatic guided vehicle as the research object and studies the motor speed control of automatic guided vehicle when the load changes. This article presents a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on disturbance feed-forward compensation. In order to solve the problem of chattering and slow reaching the speed of sliding mode control, this article designs an adaptive exponential reaching law, which can not only suppress sliding mode chattering but also adjust the reaching speed adaptively according to the system state. In order to solve the problem of external load disturbance, this article designs a sliding mode disturbance observer, which suppresses the influence of load disturbance on speed by compensating the observed values feed-forward into the current loop. Compared with proportional–integral and sliding mode control, the control strategy adopted in this article reduces the speed fluctuation by 3.12% and 2.00%, and the response time is reduced by 67.9% and 33.3%, respectively—finally, the load mutation experiments of automatic guided vehicle with permanent magnet synchronous motor as the driving motor is carried out. The experimental results further verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy has better anti-interference ability and faster response speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust control problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is discussed in this paper. Both iron loss and voltage saturation are considered in the analysis process in order to close to the actual projects. A controller design method, which is called the Hamiltonian-based method, is proposed for the PMSM control system. The responses of each current component and speed are analyzed when load torque disturbance exists. The proposed controller enables the closed-loop system to have robust performance criteria without violating saturation. It is worth noting that a more general truncation-inequality technique is used to deal with saturation, which reduces the conservatism of parameter selection. In addition, the corresponding results are given for two special cases. When there is no saturation and no load torque disturbance, the system is asymptotically stable at the equilibrium point. Simulation results and experimental study show that the proposed method has good load disturbance suppression ability and can ensure the robust performance of the PMSM in EV driving systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article proposes a finite time disturbance observer (FTDO) with modified non‐singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) scheme for permanent magnet synchronous motor with unknown uncertainties such as system uncertainties and disturbances. A FTDO is used to estimate the unknown uncertainties and provides feed‐forward compensation in the control design. A novel fast sliding mode reaching law is developed, which can reduce the time to reach the sliding surface while the chattering phenomenon in the control signal. Then, by incorporating the FTDO into the modified sliding mode manifold, a finite time NTSMC scheme is presented. The developed control method can not only compensate the unknown uncertainties, but also achieve a finite time convergence. The finite time stability of the closed system under the presented control strategy is guaranteed via Lyapunov stability theory. The validity and feasibility of the presented control scheme are verified with simulations and experiments based on a motor driving system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the sensitivity of permanent magnet synchronous motors to external disturbances, a novel sliding mode control (NSMC) strategy is proposed to suppress sliding mode jitter and enhance speed regulation performance. First, an advanced nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (ANFTSM) surface and a new adaptive power rate reaching law (NAPRRL) were developed. A new switching function replaces the conventional sign function to enhance the system's disturbance immunity and dynamic response speed. Then, the system's anti‐interference performance was further enhanced by introducing an improved novel sliding mode observer (INSMO) for feedback compensation of the aggregate disturbance. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validations demonstrate that the NSMC control strategy exhibits superior performance in both the start‐up response and load disturbance phases, with enhanced dither resistance, rapid dynamic response, and disturbance suppression capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a state-saturated-like second-order sliding mode (SOSM) algorithm to tackle the state constraint in permanent magnet synchronous motor system, which not only regulates the speed perfectly but also offers the maximum domain of attraction in the predefined state constraints. Unlike the traditional speed controller, the proposed controller is based on the SOSM control theory, and the saturation function is introduced in the design, which means that the controller has the better robustness and is capable of constraining the states, thereby mitigating the risk of excessive transient currents that may pose a threat to circuit safety. The stability of the proposed speed controller is fully proven using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the validity of the proposed control scheme is verified through simulations and experiments. For a comparative study, three different control strategies, that is, the proposed control, proportional integral control, and conventional sliding mode control, are carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the proposal. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm exhibits the superior performance in terms of robustness, as well as in limiting startup transient current and ameliorating overshoot simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been employed in the direct drive traction system of locomotives as the traction motor. Due to the unique traction structure of the direct drive system, complicated excitations such as track irregularity and harmonic torque have a direct effect on the dynamic performance of the motor and other key components of the locomotive. However, the dynamic characteristics under this effect and influencing law have not been revealed completely. This paper develops a dynamics model of a locomotive with direct drive traction system which enables considering the electromechanical coupling effect between the vehicle subsystem and the PMSM control subsystem. The nonlinearity of the wheel–rail contact and flexible transmission coupling are taken into account in this model. By using this model, the dynamic responses of the locomotive are analysed under electrical and mechanical excitations. The results indicate that the harmonic components in the electrical subsystem have considerable effects on the key components of the locomotive, such as the wheelsets and the motors. It can also cause resonance in the mechanical transmission system when the locomotive is operating at a specific speed. This resonance can be eliminated by adopting the harmonic suppression algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the parameter characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed sensorless vector control system and capture the noise matrices quickly and accurately in the speed estimation process of the extended Kalman filter for PMSM, The recursive least square method with forgetting factor is proposed to determine the actual parameters of the system, and then a new variable-scale chaotic particle swarm optimization (VCPSO) algorithm is put forward to accurately obtain the system noise matrix and the measurement noise matrix. The simulation results show that noise matrix optimization of extended Kalman filter by employing VCPSO algorithm under actual motor parameters is better than those employing standard PSO or chaotic PSO algorithms with faster speed and higher accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel nonlinear speed control method for permanent magnet synchronous motors that enhances their robustness and tracking performance. This technique integrates a sliding-mode disturbance observer and variable-gain fractional-order super-twisting sliding-mode control within a vector-control framework. The proposed control scheme employs a sliding-mode control method to mitigate chattering and improve dynamics by implementing fractional-order theory with a variable-gain super-twisting sliding manifold design while regulating the speed of the considered motor system. The aforementioned observer is suggested to enhance the control accuracy by estimating and compensating for the lumped disturbances. The proposed methodology demonstrates its superiority over other control schemes such as traditional sliding-mode control, super-twisting sliding-mode control, and the proposed technique. MATLAB/Simulink simulations and real-time implementation validate its performance, showing its potential as a reliable and efficient control approach for the system under study in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) is an easy and intuitive control technique. However, parametric uncertainties reduce the accuracy of the prediction. Classical MPC requires many calculations; therefore, the calculation time generates a considerable time delay in the actuation. This delay deteriorates the performance of the system and generates a significant current ripple. This paper proposes a finite-set integral sliding modes predictive control (FS-ISMPC) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The conventional decision function is replaced by an integral sliding cost function, which has several advantages, such as robustness to parameter uncertainties, and convergence in finite time. The proposed decision function does not require the inductance and resistance parameters of the motor. In addition, the proposal includes compensation for the calculation delay of the control vector. The proposed control strategy was compared with traditional predictive control with delay compensation using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The results obtained from the comparison indicated that the proposed controller has a lower THD and computational burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the sensorless control of a sliding mode observer (SMO)‐based permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a large gain is required to ensure the stability of the sliding motion. Nonetheless, this can lead to the unexpected chattering and degrade the precision of position estimation. To overcome this trouble, we have proposed a fixed‐time nonsingular terminal SMO (NTSMO). The convergence time is independent of the initial value. Firstly, a fixed‐time nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed so that the current observation error fixed‐time converges to zero, and the singularity issue can be averted. Secondly, via the phase‐locked loop tactic, the rotor position and speed are calculated from the measured back electromotive force. Thirdly, a Lyapunov function‐based proof is utilized to assure the stability of the observer. Finally, the validity of this method is confirmed by simulation tests and experiment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the characteristics of non-smooth, non-linear, multi-source heterogeneity, low density of value and unevenness of fault data collected by the online monitoring equipment of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and the difficulty of fault mechanism analysis, this paper proposes a method of PMSM data expansion based on the improved generative adversarial network. First, use the real fault data of the motor to train the model to obtain a mature and stable generative countermeasure network. Secondly, use the generative countermeasure network model to test the remaining data and generate pseudo samples. Finally, use the two-dimensional data analysis method and the time-domain analysis method to generate validity analysis of samples. Aiming at the characteristics of unbalanced motor data, the data expansion method of inter-turn short-circuit faults is carried out based on the data expansion method of the improved generative countermeasure network, and the two-dimensional data analysis method and the time-domain analysis method are used for analysis. The experimental results show that the improved Wasserstein-Generative Adversarial Network (W-GAN) has a better ability to generate fake data, which provides a data basis for the mechanism analysis and machine fault diagnosis of PMSMs. Data analysis results show that the improved W-GAN effectively solves the problem of poor convergence of GAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To enhance the dynamic performance and disturbance rejection capability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor speed control system, a novel speed control method based on a novel sliding mode control (NSMC) and load torque observer is proposed on the basis of model predictive current control (MPCC) with a sliding mode disturbance observer. First, on the basis of MPCC, the influence of parameters such as resistance, inductance, and flux linkage on MPCC is analyzed. To address the aggregated disturbance caused by parameter mismatches, a piecewise square-root switching function sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO) is designed to enhance the robustness of the parameters. To address the poor dynamic performance and inadequate robustness resulting from the proportional-integral-controller (PI) velocity loop control in the MPCC, a novel NSMC velocity control method is proposed. This method utilizes the hyperbolic sine function and fractional-order integral sliding mode surface, resolving the dilemma faced by traditional slide mode controllers (SMC) in balancing fast response and reduced vibration. Additionally, to enhance the system's disturbance rejection capability, a sliding mode torque observer (SMTO) is designed to continuously update the observed load torque value into the NSMC controller, achieving speed compensation control. Finally, through comparative experiments among the proportional integral controller (PI), SMC, NSMC, and NSMC + SMTO, the results indicate that the proposed NSMC + SMTO exhibits the best speed response, steady-state characteristics, and disturbance rejection capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles have seen substantial growth in recent years in the emerging economies of the world. The current market scenario of E-vehicles is dominated by PMSM or BLDC motors due to their higher torque-to-power density, and efficiency with added performance metrics of the motor. However, the higher capital cost of permanent magnets makes the motor designers to consider an alternative to magnetic motors, the so-called Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM). With proper FEM analysis and controller design, if SRMs can able to achieve the performance metrics of a PMSM/BLDC, it will be a breakthrough in the automotive sector with affordable prices. Based on the aforementioned facts, this research work focuses on SRM as a viable alternative to the existing PMSM/BLDC motor. The work concentrates on the design and development of an 8/6 SRM for a Tri-wheeler E-vehicle application. The designed motor is fabricated, tested and controlled by WAVECT, an FPGA-based real-time digital controller which is used to control the commutation of the 8/6 SRM. The yielded response satisfactorily proves that the designed 8/6 SRM can be effectively used for the Tri-wheeler E-vehicle application, thereby paving the way for sustainable energy conservation in the automotive sector.

In order to improve the accuracy and stability of sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor, considering the influence of external load torque on system performance, the symbol function of the sliding mode control system of the vehicle permanent magnet synchronous motor is prone to severe buffeting and the robustness of the traditional PI control is very insufficient.. In this paper, a method of combining Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode (NFTSM) and Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is proposed. A Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (NFTSMC) is designed. A control strategy combining NFTSMC and Model Reference Adaptive System Observer (MRASO) (NFTSMC-MRASO) converts the observed torque value into torque current feedforward compensation to the current loop input. The method can convert the observed torque value into torque current feedforward compensation to the input end of the current loop, avoid large sliding mode gain, and overcome the system buffeting problem when the external disturbance is suddenly added. At the same time, the system robustness is improved under the premise of suppressing chattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchronously sampling three-phase current in the traction control unit based on the control cycle is necessary to enhance control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Simultaneously, continuous current sampling at small time intervals is essential for realtime over-current protection. This paper presents a solution based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which incorporates a single set of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chips to enable both synchronous current sampling essential for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motors and fast timed sampling necessary for real-time over-current protection. This design intelligently generates ADC conversion start signals through acquiring user-configured synchronous sampling periods in real time alongside timed sampling periods, thus enabling synchronous and timed current sampling control for permanent magnet synchronous motors. Finally, experiments were conducted on an actual permanent magnet traction control platform to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

More recently, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been widely applied to power source for different applications, such as high precision tracking systems, standalone electric and unmanned aerial vehicles, industrial robotics, marine propulsions, etc., due to their advantages to conventional competitors for example induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor. In order to reduce the cost of AC drive, the removal of the mechanical sensors is required. Hence, the sensorless motor control is more preferable and is based on electrical measurements, namely, three-phase currents and voltages. The paper is devoted to sensorless field-oriented control design procedure for a non-salient PMSM. The proposed control strategy is employed on full order sliding-mode observer which provides the output insensitivity to parameter changes and disturbances. In order to reduce th e high-frequency chattering and enhance the rotor position estimation quality and accuracy, the band-pass filter with tracking of the central frequency to the speed reference is applied. To obtain actual information about the unmeasurable rotor position and speed, the phase-locked loop with cascade connection of adaptive proportional-integral controller is employed. A simulation of the dynamic starting mode of a PMSM under zero initial conditions has been performed by MATLAB/Simulink environment. As can be concluded from the simulation results, proposed sensorless field-oriented control strategy provides quick response as well as low rotor position estimation error both transient and steady-state behavior. The research significance of proposed PMSM sensorless field-oriented control strategy is to provide the wide range of motor speed operation, strong robustness of estimated rotor position to parameter perturbations as well as quality suppression of high frequency chattering effect owing to the switching attribute and the internal control discontinuity of sliding mode, whereby the practical application of a sensorless variable-frequency synchronous electric drive is expanding.