Search

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: One of the primary concerns in the paediatric emergencies is traumatic dental injuries. Objective: This study aimed to create trauma in primary teeth and reveal its effects finite element analysis. Design: Three‐dimensional models were created using cone‐beam computed tomography images, representing a maxillary primary central incisor. An impact force moving at a speed of 10 m/s was simulated on the labial tooth surface in two directions: buccal and incisal. Results: The stress and deformation experienced in the adjacent tooth due to the primary tooth were higher than those generated in the permanent tooth. Forces applied in the incisal direction resulted in higher levels of stress and deformation in the permanent tooth germ. The difference between the stress and deformation values in primary teeth in the forces applied in the buccal and incisal directions is 21% and 75%, respectively; in the permanent tooth germ, this difference was 233% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate not only the affected primary tooth but also the adjacent teeth and the permanent tooth germ in traumatic dental injuries. This comprehensive examination allows for the anticipation and management of potential long‐term problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying factors associated with the occurrence of primary tooth avulsion is essential to promote prevention strategies. Aim: To investigate the risk factors associated with primary incisor avulsion and variables associated with post‐avulsion sequelae in the permanent successor. Design: This case–control study comprised 407 children (cases) with primary incisor avulsion and 407 children (controls) with other traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The association between explanatory variables and avulsion was evaluated through logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analyses between potential explanatory variables and sequelae were run, from which relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% CI were estimated. Results: TDI caused by moderate falls (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.47 to 3.27), affecting lateral incisors (OR = 10.10; 95% CI = 3.89 to 26.54) and the lower arch (OR = 9.54; 95% CI = 3.15 to 28.85), were associated with primary incisor avulsion. Moreover, children with previous severe TDI, anterior open bite, and anterior crossbite had higher odds of primary incisor avulsion. Children who suffered from any primary tooth avulsion (RR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.82 to 3.95) had a higher risk of sequelae in the permanent successors. The risk for sequelae in the permanent teeth was significantly greater for younger children under age 2 years than for children ages 3 to 5 years. Conclusion: Risk factors for primary incisor avulsion are related to the severity of the fall, tooth position, history of previous TDI, and malocclusion. Furthermore, avulsion increases the risk of sequelae in the permanent successors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of the gingival tissue with a variable clinical manifestation. Typically, the hyperplastic gingiva is normal in color and consistency, and the tendency of bleeding is minimal. The swelling may be limited to a particular location or generalized over the whole gingiva. Usually, the symptoms appear during and after the eruption of permanent dentition. Gingival proliferation in HGF causes a variety of esthetic and practical issues. Depending on the size and intensity of the overgrowth, speech and chewing may be impaired. Moreover, diastema and prolonged primary dentition retention may occur. Case Reports: This article describes the identification, management, and treatment approaches of four cases affecting a Syrian family who lived in Arbat refugee camp in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq. Conclusion: Proliferative fibrous outgrowth of the gingival tissue, with different degrees of involvement, is a hallmark of HGF. Surgery is frequently necessary to restore function and appearance, though varying degrees of recurrence is anticipated. Nonetheless, the psychological advantages of cosmetic improvement exceed the dangers of recurrence by a wide margin, especially in teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is increasing in modern dental practice. However, the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth should be further investigated. Proper diagnosis of an underlying syndrome might save the patient from future health hazards through early diagnosis and optimal follow‐up screening. Case Presentation: A 13‐year‐old female patient presented with multiple retained deciduous teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Although the medical and family history of the patient did not raise any concerns, the clinical and radiographic examinations yielded intriguing findings. The patient presented with a total of 11 supernumerary teeth, which impeded the normal eruption of permanent dentition in addition to the presence of retained deciduous teeth. Additional clinical and laboratory investigations were conducted in response to the case's complexity, resulting in the diagnosis of Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome (TRPS) Type I. The patient underwent a precise treatment plan and then was followed up for 6 months postoperatively to monitor the eruptive movement of the permanent teeth. Conclusion: When a syndrome is the underlying cause, monitoring unusual cases, such as those with multiple supernumerary teeth, can be lifesaving or aid in the early diagnosis of more serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with caries risk in children(< 18 years). Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Cqvip, and Wanfang were searched for observational studies on the relationship between VDR single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and caries, including cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. Quality assessment of selected studies was conducted using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) values for associations of individual VDR SNP with dental caries were calculated based on four genetic models: allelic, recessive, dominant, and over-dominant. Results: Of 79 studies considered, 10 (nine case–control and one cross-sectional) were selected for analysis; the studies involved seven VDR SNPs: ApaI(rs7975232),BsmI(rs1544410),FokI(rs2228570),TaqI(rs731236), TaqI/BglI(rs739837), FokI(rs10735810) and Cdx-2(rs11568820). Alleles C and T of FokI(rs10735810) were significantly differently distributed in the caries and caries-free groups (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.30–2.30, P = 0.03), with CC + CT genotypes at this locus associated with greater risk of developing caries than the TT genotype (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.15–3.04, P = 0.01). Further, TT + CC genotype at TaqI(rs731236) was associated with a 1.33-fold higher risk of caries development than the TC genotype (OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.06–1.67, P = 0.02). On subgroup analysis, the association between TaqI(rs731236) and caries risk was affected by dentition type, and ethnicity (permanent dentition: OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.07–2.03, P = 0.02; Asian: OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.02–1.87, P = 0.03;). Genotype distributions at BsmI(rs1544410), TaqI/BglI(rs739837), FokI(rs2228570), and ApaI(rs7975232) did not differ significantly between the caries and caries-free groups. Conclusions: Caries risk could be associated with TaqI(rs731236) and FokI(rs10735810) genotypes, and TaqI(rs731236) may be a risk factor for permanent teeth caries among Asian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study evaluates the fracture strength and patterns of feldspathic porcelain restorations made using CAD/CAM technology for lower first molars with extensive crown destruction. The restorations include post-core and full-contour crown, composite resin core and full-contour crown, and endocrown. This research provides insights into effective restorative options to address tooth fracture risk, supporting minimally invasive procedures and CAD/CAM integration in dental practices. Methods: This study utilized 80 permanent mandibular first molars, which were divided into four groups: Group I (Post-Core-Full-contour crown), Group II (Core- Full-contour crown), Group III (Endocrown), and Group IV (Control). Root canal treatment was performed on all samples except for the control group. Following access cavity preparation, restorations for each tooth were fabricated using the CAD/CAM system and cemented with resin cement. The specimens were embedded in acrylic blocks. After undergoing thermomechanical aging, the samples were subjected to fracture resistance testing using a universal testing machine, which applied force until fracture occurred. The fracture patterns were subsequently analyzed, and the data were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests (p < 0.05). Results: A significant difference in fracture values under axial forces was observed (p < 0.05). The control group had the highest fracture strength (1830 ± 277 N), while the Core- full-contour crown group showed the lowest (1532 ± 371 N). Failure types varied significantly among the groups (χ2 = 26.886, df = 9, p = 0.001). The most common failure type was Type-2 (33.75%), characterized by restorable fractures, while Type-3 fractures, unrestorable, were the least common (12.5%). Conclusions: The findings underscore the significance of technological advancements in CAD/CAM for effectively restoring endodontically treated teeth with extensive crown damage. This study contributes valuable insights, emphasizing the clinical relevance of selecting appropriate restorative options to mitigate the risk of tooth fracture associated with coronal restoration failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of atypical deglutition (tongue thrust) in children diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to explore its associations, particularly in relation to the type of dentition (mixed or permanent). The study was conducted over a 5 year period at a paediatric hospital in Paris, France. Children aged 6–18 years with moderate to severe OSAS (apnea–hypopnea index ≥5/h) underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including the recording of demographic data, symptoms of snoring and breathing issues, and otolaryngology examination. The swallowing pattern was assessed and orthodontic evaluations were performed. Cephalometric radiography and pharyngometry tests (pharyngeal collapsibility was computed) were conducted. The study found a high prevalence of atypical deglutition in children with mixed 74% [56–87] or permanent 38% [25–51] dentition. In children with mixed dentition and atypical deglutition, the pharyngeal compliance and lower facial dimensions were increased. In children with permanent dentition, atypical deglutition was associated with more severe OSAS and a lower hyoid bone position. Independent of the type of dentition, atypical deglutition was associated with an increase in the apnea–hypopnea index, an increase in the lower facial dimension, increased pharyngeal compliance, and a more caudal hyoid bone position. Atypical deglutition was strongly associated with increased pharyngeal collapsibility, more severe OSAS and altered facial measurements in children. The findings suggest that identifying atypical deglutition in children with OSAS could help to guide a personalised therapeutic approach, including myofunctional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthodontic treatment involves moving teeth within the alveolar ridge. Bone remodeling is associated with the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Procedures such as corticotomy-assisted orthodontic therapy (CAOT) or periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) are intended to reduce bone density and negative stress on the grip side and therefore limit bone resorption during orthodontic movement or add bone substitute material so that the tooth does not cross the vestibular plate. Methods: The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The study design was defined in the PICO format—Population (P): patients with full permanent dentition, both adolescents and adults; Intervention (I): orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances using additional supportive treatments such as CAOT or PAOO; Comparison (C): assessment of the impact of additional treatments during orthodontic treatment on the remodeling of the alveolar bone and the condition of the periodontium; Result (O): statistically significant/non-significant differences in the condition of the alveolar bone before and after orthodontic treatment. Search filters include the time of publication of the article, systematic reviews from the last five years, and publications that appeared in English. The information provided in the abstracts of systematic reviews that describe the effects of additional procedures during orthodontic treatment such as CAOT or PAOO on the health of periodontium was analyzed. Articles unrelated to the subject of the planned study and those in which tooth movement acceleration was analyzed were excluded. Results: Eight articles were selected in which a total number of 835 subjects took part. The changes in bone density and effects on periodontium were different after CAOT and PAOO. Conclusions: The validity of CAOT and PAOO procedures remains controversial. Better results are obtained when combined with tissue augmentation or thickening of the gingival phenotype rather than as stand-alone procedures, as their uses to protect periodontal tissues are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) has an emerging potential for remote assessment of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and support of emergency care. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of TDI detection from smartphone-acquired photographs. Methods: The upper and lower anterior teeth of 153 individuals aged ≥ 6 years were photographed using a smartphone camera app. The photos of 148 eligible participants were reviewed independently by a dental specialist, two general dentists, and two dental therapists, using predetermined TDI classification and criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and inter-rater reliability were estimated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the photographic method relative to the reference standard established by the dental specialist. Results: Of the 1,870 teeth screened, one-third showed TDI; and one-seventh of the participants had primary or mixed dentitions. Compared between the specialist's reference standard and four dental professionals' reviews, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for TDI versus non-TDI were 59–95% and 47–93%, respectively, with better performance for urgent types of TDI (78–89% and 99–100%, separately). The diagnostic consistency was also better for the primary/mixed dentitions than the permanent dentition. Conclusion: This study suggested a valid mHealth practice for remote assessment of TDI. A better diagnostic performance in the detection of urgent types of TDI and examination of the primary/mixed dentition was also reported. Future directions include professional development activities involving dental photography and photographic assessment, incorporation of a machine learning technology to aid photographic reviews, and randomized controlled trials in multiple clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of having plans for the future among very old people and the factors associated with having such plans. A longitudinal population-based study with home visits for 85-, 90-, and ≥95-year-old participants in Sweden and Finland was used. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards regression models with a maximum 5-year follow-up period were used. The prevalence of having plans for the future was 18.6% (174/936). More men than women and more people living in Sweden than in Finland had plans for the future. In multivariate models, having plans for the future was associated with speaking Swedish, being dentate, and living in the community in the total sample; speaking Swedish and being dentate among women; and speaking Swedish, having a lower Geriatric Depression Scale score, and urban residence among men. Having plans for the future was associated univariately, but not multivariately, with increased survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the outcomes and factors influencing the success of vital pulp treatment (VPT) in permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure and signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis (IP). Materials and methods: Dental records from 2016 to 2023 of patients who received VPT for carious pulp-exposed permanent teeth with IP symptoms were reviewed. Outcomes were assessed using clinical and radiographic criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors affecting treatment success. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to compare survival probabilities. Results: The overall success and survival rates were 88.24% and 97.06%, respectively. Success rates for direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, and full pulpotomy were 87.7%, 92.0%, and 87.7%, respectively. Key factors influencing outcomes included the presence of periapical radiographic lesions, type of pulp dressing material, and quality of the final restoration. Full pulpotomy demonstrated the highest survival time, followed by partial pulpotomy and direct pulp capping. Conclusion: VPT in permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure and IP symptoms shows high success rates. Crucial factors include periapical radiographic findings, type of pulp dressing material, and quality of the final restoration. Full pulpotomy exhibited the longest survival time. Clinical relevance: VPT in teeth with IP symptoms shows promising outcomes, highlighting the importance of certain clinical factors in treatment success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on mysticete fossils from the Late Eocene and Oligocene has revolutionised our understanding of the diversity and evolutionary scenarios for early baleen whales. For example, aetiocetids are a possible, though controversial, lineage that bridges the gap between the toothed and baleen-bearing mysticetes, and eomysticetids show a further transitional step towards the baleen-bearing status, with the presence of non-functional dentition in adults. However, information about the origin of crown mysticetes, including the most recent common ancestor of all extant lineages and its descendants, is critical to further understanding the evolution of baleen whales. The phylogenetic positions of the Oligocene Toipahautea, Whakakai, Horopeta, and Mauicetus from New Zealand remain unresolved and problematic, but all four genera show a close relationship with crown mysticetes. The original and subsequent cladistic analyses have consistently revealed a sister relationship between the Toipahautea-to-Mauicetus grade and crown mysticetes, and Horopeta has been placed close to the cetotheriids within the crown group. This review aims to stimulate more research on this topic by elucidating the origin of crown mysticetes, which likely experienced a poorly known radiation event during the Oligocene that established the modern lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Portuguese preschool children, to characterise occlusion in the deciduous dentition, and to study the relationship between malocclusion, sex, and age. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3–6 years old children, from 25 randomly selected kindergartens from the Lisbon district. Data were collected through an oral examination. Malocclusion was defined as the presence of any type of occlusion anomaly (anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge, increased overjet, open bite, deep overbite, posterior crossbite, scissor bite), spacing anomaly (crowding), or dentition anomaly (supernumerary teeth, agenesis, malformations). Canine class, terminal plane of the deciduous second molars and type of Baume arch were also recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive and chi-squared test (α = 0.05). Results: The sample included 426 children with a global prevalence of malocclusion of 60.6%. Occlusion anomalies were the most prevalent (59.2%), the most frequent being deep overbite (27%), increased overjet (22.1%) and posterior crossbite (14.1%). Crowding had a prevalence of 1.6% and agenesis of 1.4%. Class I canine (57.3%), straight second molar terminal plane (60.1%) and type I Baume arch (53.3%) were the most common. The mean overjet was 2.6 mm (sd = 2.1) and the mean overbite was 2.2 mm (sd = 2.1). Age was associated with the presence of occlusion anomalies (p = 0.03), and increased overjet prevalence was found to be higher in girls (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of malocclusion was high, with occlusion anomalies being the most prevalent. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors associated with malocclusion to prevent this condition in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the association between third molar agenesis and supernumerary tooth formation in a white‐European population. Materials and Methods: A record review in various orthodontic clinics identified 380 eligible white‐European individuals, half of whom had non‐syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth (122 males and 68 females, totalling 244 supernumerary teeth; median age: 13.1, iqr: 1.5 years), and the other half were age‐ and sex‐matched controls with full dentition, excluding the third molars. Tooth sequences were identified in panoramic radiographs. Results: In the supernumerary group, approximately 80% of the individuals had a single supernumerary tooth, followed by those having two additional teeth. In both groups, there was no sexual dimorphism in third molar agenesis severity. The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the supernumerary group was similar to that of the control group (28/190 = 14.7% in both groups; p = 1.0). In total, 53 third molars were missing in the supernumerary group (n = 190) compared to 67 in the control group (n = 190; p =.862). The ratio of bilateral to unilateral third molar agenesis was significantly lower in the supernumerary group than in the control group (1.0 vs. 3.7, respectively; p =.026). Conclusion: The presence of supernumerary teeth did not significantly alter the likelihood of third molar agenesis or its severity. Bilateral third molar agenesis was considerably less prevalent in individuals with supernumerary teeth compared to controls. The present novel findings have important clinical and developmental implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the phenotypic variation of the soft tissue facial profile during the mixed dentition and the permanent dentition stages. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, standardized facial profile photographs of 139 twin pairs (55 monozygotic and 84 dizygotic) were obtained from archival records at the Adelaide Dental School. Photographic analysis used 12 angular and 14 linear facial profile measurements from the mixed dentition (7–11 years) to the permanent dentition (12–17 years) stages. A genetic analysis was performed using a univariate structural equation model adhering to the normal assumptions of a twin model. Results In the mixed dentition stage, the additive genetic (A) and unique environment (E) model, AE model, was the most parsimonious in explaining the observed phenotypic variance for all 26 facial traits with the narrow-sense heritability estimates ranging between 0.38 and 0.79. In the permanent dentition, the AE model was the most parsimonious for 20 out of 26 traits, however, the variance of six traits, particularly those in the lower third of the face, was best explained by the shared environmental and unique environmental factors. Limitations This study exclusively included twins of European ancestry. Conclusions The soft tissue facial profile demonstrated dynamic genetic and environmental influences with a greater additive genetic influence during the mixed dentition and the early stages of the permanent dentition. However, there was evidence of increasing environmental influence in the lower third of the face during the early stages of the permanent dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inherited dentine defects result from the disruption of both the formation and mineralisation of the dentine matrix of the primary and/or permanent dentitions. This leads to abnormal structural morphological characteristics such as atubular dentine, pulp calcifications and/or root dysplasia. This also jeopardises the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the affected teeth, leading to marked tooth surface loss. Other clinical features include opalescent discolouration, pulp obliteration, short roots and spontaneous periapical abscesses. Inherited dentine defects may occur in isolation, or they may present as a feature of a broader systemic condition or syndrome. Management should focus on preserving the affected dentition for as long as possible, minimising discomfort and restoring aesthetics. Treatment of these patients is complex, often requiring multidisciplinary input. Referral to specialist-led or consultant-led services is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background/Aim Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Alveolar bone process fractures in preschool children are not well documented in the literature. Alveolar process fractures are located very close to primary teeth and permanent tooth germs. This study investigates the risk of healing complications following alveolar process fractures in the primary dentition and potential sequelae in the permanent dentition.A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 21 patients with 49 primary teeth involved in an alveolar fracture. The follow‐up protocol included clinical and radiographic examinations at specified intervals up to the age of 6 years. Healing complications in the primary teeth such as pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, ankylosis, infection‐related resorption and premature tooth loss were examined. Sequelae in the permanent dentition was also registered when the permanent incisors had erupted.Over a 3‐year follow‐up, the incidence of premature tooth loss was 51.2% [95% CI: 34.1%–68.4%], pulp canal obliteration was 42.5% [95% CI: 27.1%–57.8%], and pulp necrosis was 8.9% [95% CI: 0.6%–17.3%] following an alveolar process fracture. No cases of ankylosis were observed. Sequelae in the permanent dentition primarily included demarcated opacities and hypoplasia with a risk estimated at 24% [95% CI: 13%–39%] and 9% [95% CI: 2%–21%] respectively.Alveolar process fractures in primary dentition are associated with several healing complications in the primary teeth. Although the likelihood of severe complications in the permanent dentition is low, young children are still susceptible to developing sequelae in their permanent teeth. These results highlight the importance of awareness of dental injuries following alveolar process bone fractures in the primary dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To verify the validity of diagnosing initial caries on occlusal surface of permanent posterior teeth by laser fluorescence instrument DIAGNOdent pen. Methods: Patients from School of Stomatology in Wuhan University were selected and their posterior teeth were examined using DIAGNOdent pen and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) by an experienced dentist. After teeth extraction, histological criteria were used to determine the severity of the lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the area under the curve (AUC), and correlation of DIAGNOdent pen and ICDAS II were analyzed compared with histological criteria. Examiners' agreement was measured. Results: The sensitivity range was 0.440-1 while that of specificity was 0.750–0.994. The accuracy and AUC were above 80% and 0.7 respectively. Consistency of examiners' kappa values of ICDAS II, DIAGNOdent pen, and histological criteria were ranged from 0.629 to 0.840. Conclusions: ICDAS II and DIAGNOdent pen can be effectively used in tandem or independently for the assessment of initial caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the association between the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in 8-12-year-old schoolchildren living in an area with a high concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. Methods: The present cross‑sectional study was conducted on Mexican children (n = 573) selected from one community presenting a drinking water fluoride concentration of 1.39 ppm/F. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was ascertained using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI). The presence and severity of MIH was evaluated using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. A multinomial regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI), using the severity of MIH as the result. Results: The prevalence of MIH was 37.7% and, by severity, was 16.1% mild, 14.3% moderate, and 7.3% severe. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in permanent dentition was 70.9% (TFI ≥1) and, by severity, was 29.2% (TFI = 0), 45.6% (TFI 1–3) and 25.3% (TFI ≥4), while 54.5% of subjects were found to have poor oral hygiene. Schoolchildren with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were 49% less likely [OR = 0.51; p = 0.025] to present mild MIH than children with fluorosis (TFI <4). Similarly, children with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were 53% [OR = 0.47; p = 0.019] and 62% [OR = 0.38; p = 0.036] less likely to present moderate and severe MIH than children with fluorosis (TFI <4). Conclusion: An inverse relationship between the presence of fluorosis and MIH was found. The results obtained by the present study may contribute to both the early identification of disorders affecting the enamel and the creation and implementation of long-term oral health prevention, promotion, and intervention programs in the affected population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apexification is a procedure that promotes apical closure by forming mineralized tissue in the apex region of a nonvital young permanent tooth. Calcium silicate-based cement like Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are commonly employed as apical barriers to facilitate this process. Microleakage, defined as the leakage along the junction between the canal wall and filling material, is a crucial aspect to assess in MTA and Biodentine applications as apical barriers, as it directly impacts the prevention of bacterial seepage and maintenance of structural integrity. The current study aims to assess the microleakage of MTA and Biodentine when used as apical barriers in simulated young permanent teeth. Methods: From a total of 128 extracted teeth, 114 were selected for the study and randomly allocated into three groups: G1 (MTA), G2 (Biodentine), and G3 (Control), with 38 teeth per group. After excluding 5 teeth from each group due to issues such as canal calcification, breakage during sectioning, and procedural errors, 33 teeth were analyzed to ensure equal distribution. To simulate young permanent teeth, samples were instrumented using a person-reamer with a diameter of 1.7 mm. A 4 mm thick apical plug of MTA and Biodentine was placed in G1 and G2, respectively, while G3 was the control group. Apical microleakage in all experimental groups was assessed using a dye penetration method. Specimens were longitudinally sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope with graded eyepiece. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed variations in mean apical microleakage among the groups: G1 recorded 0.67, G2–0.16, and G3–1.62, with G2 showing the lowest value and G3 group exhibiting the highest. Conclusions: Biodentine was found to excel in its ability to create a secure seal and function effectively as an apical barrier in simulated young permanent teeth. These results underscore its potential as a highly efficient material for dental applications, particularly in scenarios requiring reliable sealing and barrier formation in the root canal system of developing permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological study was to record caries and enamel hypomineralisation (EH), including molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), and assess associations between both entities in 8- to 10-year-olds from Bavaria, Germany. Methods: A total of 5,418 children (mean age 9.8 years; 2,726 females, 2,692 males) were examined using the dmft/DMFT index with additional inclusion of initial or non-cavitated carious lesions (it/IT). EHs were recorded in the primary (eh) and permanent dentition (EH), and individuals with different EH phenotypes were determined as follows: at least one EH, at least one hypomineralised second primary molar (HSPM), at least one hypomineralised first permanent molar (MIH), and at least one hypomineralised first permanent molar and incisor (M+IH). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to assess association between caries and EH. Results: The percentage of children without caries in the permanent dentition (DMF = 0) was 88.9%. When data regarding initial carious lesions were included (IDMF = 0), the prevalence decreased to 75.7%. The caries experience was idmf/t = 1.6 and the IDMF/T = 0.6. The mean number of carious teeth in subjects with no eh/EH was higher than that in subjects with HSPM, MIH, or M+IH. The presence of HSPM, MIH, and M+IH was associated with a significantly lower probability of caries in the permanent dentition; the corresponding adjusted odds ratios were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.41−0.75), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56−0.81), and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.41−0.72), respectively. Conclusions: Caries and EH are prevalent conditions in 8- to 10-year-old Bavarian schoolchildren; both dental diseases were negatively associated with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental caries is a major, multifactorial oral condition that causes the demineralization of tooth enamel and impacts approximately half of the world's child population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries among school-going children aged 7 to 13 years in Kabul city. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students aged 7 to 13 years in Kabul during the first half of 2019. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, in which educational zones, schools, and classes were selected. The data were collected using pre-structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews and oral examinations of students using dental probes and mouth mirrors while adhering to infection control protocols. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21.0, and a p-value < 0.005 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The average age of the study participants was 9.9 ± 1.8 years. Boys made up approximately 45% of the participants, while 54.8% were girls. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 78.8%, with 62.1% in deciduous teeth and 42.8% in permanent teeth. Among students who did not brush their teeth, the prevalence of dental caries was 84.8%, compared to 81.7% for those who brushed once daily, 78.7% for those brushing twice daily, and 67.4% for those brushing three times daily (p = 0.022). About 10% of students had dental calculus, with a prevalence of 17.0% among those aged eleven and older, 10.0% among students aged nine to ten years, and 5.9% among students aged eight and younger (p = 0.006). Poor oral hygiene affected nearly one-third of the students, with 34.2% among boys and 30.9% among girls. Poor oral hygiene was more prevalent in students aged eight and younger (38.8%) compared to those aged eleven and older (25.9%) (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries among students aged 7 to 13 years in Kabul schools was similar to that in most developing countries. The prevalence of dental calculus was greater among students aged eleven years and older. Over 99% of the students surveyed had not undergone any dental treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to compare the marginal adaptation of a single customized gutta percha cone with calcium silicate-based sealer versus mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine apical plugs in simulated immature permanent teeth. Methods: Thirty-nine extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were selected, prepared to simulate immature permanent teeth with an apical diameter 1.1 mm, placed in moist foam and divided into three groups. Group 1: Obturation with a single customized gutta percha cone and calcium silicate sealer. Group 2: MTA apical plug. Group 3: Biodentine apical plug. After incubation, teeth were horizontally sectioned at 1 mm and 3 mm from the apex and marginal adaptation was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Biodentine showed the least mean gap size at both 1 and 3 mm from the apex with no statistically significant differences compared to MTA (p > 0.05). The single customized cone with calcium silicate based sealer showed the greatest mean gap size at both 1 and 3 mm from the apex with a statistically significant difference compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Biodentine and MTA apical plugs provide a significantly better marginal adaptation to the dentinal walls than a single customized gutta percha cone with calcium silicate based sealer in simulated immature permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Childhood cancer survival has improved significantly with advances in multimodal treatment. However, treatment-related long-term side effects, including dental developmental abnormalities, remain a concern. The aim of this study was to investigate permanent tooth development and associated risk factors in childhood cancer survivors who were treated before the age of six years, focusing on non-leukemia cases. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on childhood cancer cases treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy at a single center. Patients diagnosed before the age of six and who were twelve or above at the time of assessment were included. Dental examinations, including Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index and radiographic assessments, were performed. Statistical analyses were performed in order to identify associations between treatment modalities and dental findings. Results: Of 914 patients, 90 met the inclusion criteria, with 35 participating in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was four years, with a mean follow-up duration of ten years. Root shortening, hypoplasia, and hypodontia were observed to be common dental anomalies. There was a significant association between alkylating agents, vinca alkaloid plus alkylating agents and root shortening (p<0.001, p<0.001). No significant differences in dental findings were found based on gender, tumor site, or other treatment modalities (p<0.05). As the age at diagnosis increased, the risk of root shortening (p=0.026) and the frequency of hypodontia significantly increased with the duration after diagnosis (p=0.048). Conclusion: Childhood cancer survivors treated during early dentition periods are at risk of dental developmental anomalies, with alkylating agents showing the most significant impact. This emphasizes the necessity of providing these patients and their families with information on the importance of maintaining oral and dental health during and after cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This clinical study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of artificial intelligence (AI) in assessing permanent teeth in pediatric patients. Over one thousand consecutive DPRs taken in Kielce, Poland, with the Carestream CS9600 device were screened. In the study material, 35 dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients of developmental age were identified and included. They were automatically evaluated with an AI algorithm. The DPRs were then analyzed by researchers. The status of the following dichotomous variables was assessed: (1) decay, (2) missing tooth, (3) filled tooth, (4) root canal filling, and (5) endodontic lesion. The results showed high specificity and accuracy (all above 85%) in detecting caries, dental fillings, and missing teeth but low precision. This study provided a detailed assessment of AI performance in a previously neglected age group. In conclusion, the overall accuracy of AI algorithms for evaluating permanent dentition in dental panoramic radiographs is lower for pediatric patients than adults or the entire population. Hence, identifying primary teeth should be implemented in AI-driven software, at least so as to ignore them when assessing mixed dentition (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT06258798). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Tooth agenesis (TA) is among the most common malformations in humans. Although several causative mutations have been described, the genetic cause often remains elusive. Here, we test whether whole genome sequencing (WGS) could bridge this diagnostic gap. Methods: In four families with TA, we assessed the dental phenotype using the Tooth Agenesis Code after intraoral examination and radiographic and photographic documentation. We performed WGS of index patients and subsequent segregation analysis. Results: We identified two variants of uncertain significance (a potential splice variant in PTH1R, and a 2.1 kb deletion abrogating a non‐coding element in FGF7) and three pathogenic variants: a novel frameshift in the final exon of PITX2, a novel deletion in PAX9, and a known nonsense variant in WNT10A. Notably, the FGF7 variant was found in the patient, also featuring the WNT10A variant. While mutations in PITX2 are known to cause Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome 1 (ARS1) predominantly featuring ocular findings, accompanied by dental malformations, we found the PITX2 frameshift in a family with predominantly dental and varying ocular findings. Conclusion: Severe TA predicts a genetic cause identifiable by WGS. Final exon PITX2 frameshifts can cause a predominantly dental form of ARS1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental-skeletal-retinal-anomaly (DSRA) is a newly described collagenopathy in Cane Corso dogs. The causative mutation has been linked with splice defects within the melanoma inhibitory activity member 3 (MIA/3) gene that codes for the TANGO1 protein. This case series presents the first dental-related radiographic and histopathological abnormalities in two dogs with genetically confirmed DSRA. The clinical, radiological, and histological features are similar to those reported for MIA3/TANGO1 splice defects previously reported in humans and knockout mice. Common clinical features of these patients include generalized opalescent discoloration of the permanent dentition (intrinsic dyschromia), enamel defects, fractured teeth, vision loss, shortened physical stature, and orthopedic abnormalities that resulted in chronic, early-onset lameness. Intraoral radiography revealed delayed dentin deposition, evidence of endodontic disease, and dental hard tissue loss in both cases. Histopathologic findings for both cases were consistent with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). DSRA exhibits autosomal recessive heritability and commercial diagnostic tests are now available. Clinicians should be aware of the etiopathogenesis, genetic inheritance and associated comorbidities in order to treat and counsel clients on the management of this condition. It is recommended that all breeding individuals be tested, and carriers be sterilized or omitted from the breeding population. This case study describes intraoral diagnoses, treatments, and follow-up of two DSRA-positive dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder that occurs in humans and animals. In humans, known causative genetic mutations have been elucidated; however, veterinary literature on the topic is limited. This case report describes a 1-year-old female Labrador Retriever who presented for evaluation of generalized discoloration of the permanent dentition with historical discoloration of the deciduous dentition. Radiographic and histopathological findings will be discussed, as well as an in-depth review of the current human and veterinary literature pertaining to the pathogenesis and treatment options for dentinogenesis imperfecta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revitalization has emerged as an innovative treatment approach for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of revitalization, focusing on its principles, clinical protocols and outcomes. The article highlights the importance of thorough diagnosis and assessment of the pulp and peri-apical condition to determine the suitability of revitalization. Various factors influencing the success of revitalization, such as the use of scaffolds, growth factors and stem cells, are discussed. Additionally, a case that was treated with a PRP scaffold is also presented. Overall, revitalization shows promise in promoting pulp regeneration and improving treatment outcomes in selected cases of pulp necrosis. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To introduce research-based knowledge to GDPs about the procedure and prognosis of tooth revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immature necrotic permanent teeth with a significant amount of coronal hard tissue loss are treated by apexification procedures. These procedures do not encourage further root maturation, predisposing the teeth to possible root fractures. The modified apexification procedure simulates regenerative endodontic procedures in encouraging root development in terms of increased dentine thickness contributing to improved resistance to fracture, while allowing the canal space to be used for core retention. This case report presents an immature tooth treated by the modified apexification procedure with an 18-month follow-up. CPD/Clinical Relevance: An alternative therapy in managing immature necrotic permanent teeth is of relevance to clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of three different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and to evaluate the patients' experience. Methods: Thirty subjects were scanned with three different IOSs (TRIOS Color®, iTero Element 5D®, and iTero Lumina®): a sample of 90 maxillary casts was collected. The inclusion criteria were permanent dentition, absence of defects during the dental impression, and complete record of the palatal vault. After the scanning procedure, patients were asked to answer a questionnaire (10 answers, scale from 1 to 10) to compare their experiences with iTero Element and iTero Lumina in the scanning procedure. Results: Differences were recorded in the upper central incisor region (f-ratio of 4.186 for Mesiodistal 1.1 and f-ratio of 4.222 for Mesiodistal 2.1, p < 0.05), while intercanine width Upper 13–23 showed the smallest f-ratio (0.226) when compared to the other results, followed by Mesiodistal 1.4 (0.433). Patients reported more comfort, less pain, decreased duration, and a better technology visualization of the impression with iTero Lumina. No significant differences concerning dryness of the mouth and gag reflex were found. Conclusions: The examined IOSs offer comparable accuracy in capturing dental arch dimensions. The interviewed patients expressed an overall preference for digital impressions performed with iTero Lumina, linked to increased comfort, painless practice, and a better technology visualization of the impression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines include the use of decoronation for the management of complex crown–root fractures but do not outline how this technique is best employed. The aim of this review is to reach a consensus in the management of the root canal system in decoronated permanent teeth undergoing root submergence and to determine whether this has an impact on the success and survival of the retained root. Materials and Methods: Search included databases MEDLINE via Ebsco, EMBASE via Ovid, Web of Science via Clarivate, PubMed via PubMed.gov, the Cochrane Library via Wiley, cited reference searching and hand searching of relevant journals. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results and Discussion: In total, 18 articles were included in qualitative analysis: 17 of these were case reports and one case series. A total of 37 teeth were treated with decoronation either using the Malmgren or an alternative protocol (root submergence following endodontic treatment with gutta‐percha [GP] or a calcium silicate cement and vital root submergence). Limited evidence from this review suggests that immediate decoronation and vital root submergence are successful in apexogenesis and preserving alveolar bone. This systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: registration number CRD42022316266). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the facial pattern according to Steiner's cephalometric analysis with other facial measurement methods (Ricketts, Björk-Jarabak, and McNamara). Methods: 200 patients from a university orthodontic clinic were studied. Measurements were taken using Ricketts, Steiner, Björk-Jarabak, and McNamara methods. Results were compared using standard deviation proportions. Results: Significant differences were found between Steiner's method and the gold standard. No differences were observed between mixed and permanent dentition groups. Errors were noted in facial type classification: 54.8% in the brachyfacial group, 80% in the mesofacial group and 14.5% in the dolichofacial group. Conclusion: The mandibular angle of Steiner tends to make a diagnosis more towards the dolichofacial type compared to other methods. A protocol is proposed to adjust the value of the mandibular angle of Steiner to the other three methods in a Spanish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dentition is critical to animal survival and teeth are present in modern vertebrates including teleost fish, sharks, amphibians, mammals and reptiles. The developmental processes that give rise to teeth are not just preserved through evolution but also share high level of similarity with the embryogenesis of other ectodermal organs. In this review we go beyond the embryonic phase of tooth development to life-long tooth replacement. We will address the origins of successional teeth, the location of putative tissue-resident stem cells, how de novo tooth formation continues throughout life and how teeth are shed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. We review the evidence that the dental epithelium, which is the earliest recognizable dental structure in the reptilian dentition, serves as a putative niche for tissue-resident epithelial stem cells and recent molecular findings from transcriptomics carried out in reptilian dentitions. We discuss how odontoclasts resorb the primary tooth allowing eruption of the successional tooth. The reptiles, particularly lizards, are emerging as some of the most accessible animals to study tooth replacement which has relevance to evolution of the dentition and human dental disorders. [Display omitted] • A review of the common origins of teeth and other ectodermal specializations. • Introduction to adult reptile teeth which undergo life-long organ regeneration. • Review of RNA expression profiling of reptilian dentitions and insights into the molecular mechanisms of tooth replacement. • A review of pulse-chase experiments to define the locations of tissue-resident, dental epithelial stem cells. • How comparative studies on reptile teeth contribute to the fields of evolution, organ replacement, and dental pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor is an underdeveloped, small, malformed permanent tooth that erupts following the loss of a primary tooth. The maxillary lateral irregularly shaped incisor may be unilateral, on both sides of the central incisors, or accompanied by a missing lateral tooth on the contralateral side of the arch. Peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors receive a great deal of attention, play a significant role in the displayed smile, and present a treatment challenge during all stages of a patient's life. Clinicians are called to plan the treatment and the timing from as early as the beginning of growth and development. Careful diagnosis may dictate postponing a treatment to later stages of life, especially if the tooth is malpositioned in the arch. The goal of this clinical report was to present a combined treatment for a case with a palatal malpositioned peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor and a missing contralateral permanent maxillary lateral incisor, creating an esthetic challenge. Moving the malpositioned peg-shaped lateral tooth to the arch simplified and eased the final prosthetic treatment procedure, increasing the treatment predictability. The presented sequence of therapy further stresses the importance of incorporating minor tooth movement, without referring to a specialist, in the daily practice of a prosthodontic-oriented general clinic, by simple accessible means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Congenital absence of teeth is a common developmental dental anomaly in humans that affects the occlusal development and the beauty of the smile in particular and the face in general, especially if the injury is in the frontal area. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia of permanent teeth in a Syrian population. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and sixty panoramic X-rays of children in North Syria, whose ages ranged from approximately 6–12 years, were taken at the dental clinics of the hospital of Syrian University for Science and Technology, Aleppo, Syria. The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia were recorded, and descriptive statistics were performed. A Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between genders (α =0.05). Results and Discussion: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.8% (females 9.6% and males 6.5%). The most frequently missing teeth were the mandibular second premolar, maxillary lateral incisors, and mandibular central incisors. Missing was significantly more frequent in the mandible compared to the maxilla (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The number of cases of congenital absence of permanent teeth is impressive. These conditions can cause many dental problems, so careful examination and proper investigation are required to diagnose them and prevent subsequent problems.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the patterns and treatment outcomes of permanent teeth requiring emergency endodontic care in children and to highlight the challenges encountered in obtaining this care at the Child Dental Health Unit, School of Dentistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad. Methods: This study was conducted through a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients requiring emergency endodontic treatment of permanent teeth at the Child Dental Health Unit clinic from January 2016 to December 2019. Data were collected via file record reviews and telephone interviews with the patients’ parents or caregivers, using standardized questions. The collected data included the patient’s age, sex, tooth involved, reasons for endodontic treatment, type of treatment provided, stage of endodontic treatment attained, and completion time. The data were then formatted and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: A total of 6887 patients attended the Child Dental Health Unit for emergency care, of which 5% required endodontic treatment in permanent teeth. Among these, 60.5% of cases were female and 39.5% were male, with a mean age of 12.1 years. The majority of cases (77.3%) were due to caries, while 22.7% were due to trauma. Molar teeth were the most commonly treated, but only 42.9% of all emergency endodontic treatments on permanent teeth were completed. The primary reason for the non-completion of endodontic treatment was lengthy patient wait times for follow-up appointments. Conclusions: The majority of emergency endodontic cases were not completed, primarily due to delays or lack of recall by dental students and vocational trainees. Lengthy waiting times resulted in an increased need for tooth extractions. Existing services require evaluation to ensure prompt treatment, preventing delayed care, recurrent pain, infection, and tooth loss.

Background: Information on previous traumatic dental injuries is important as they can lead to increased complications during orthodontic treatment and impact the treatment planning and outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Jordanian orthodontists in orthodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth. Methods: Cross-sectional survey among active registered orthodontists using a questionnaire distributed by hand. Results: The study included 139 orthodontists. Nearly half of orthodontists treated between one to three patients with a history of traumatic dental injuries in the past 3 months. Only 43.2% of the participant asked routinely about history of trauma. A vast discrepancy in times waited before orthodontic movement and in the orthodontic management approach of traumatized teeth was noted. A statistically significant negative relationship between age and knowledge level was found (p = 0.002). A significantly higher level of knowledge was found among participants who had fellowship or board certification than those having the high diploma degree (P-0.032) and also who had treated patients with history of dental trauma in the last 3 months than those who did not (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The knowledge of the surveyed orthodontists in both the recommended observation period before orthodontic treatment and management approaches of traumatized teeth during orthodontic treatment was insufficient. Years of clinical experience significantly affected knowledge, with older participants having lower levels of knowledge. Orthodontists who treated patients with history of dental trauma in the last 3 months had significantly higher knowledge in orthodontic management of traumatized teeth. Orthodontists needs to be aware of the proper timing and strategies on orthodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth to improve the long term prognosis and to reduce further complications during orthodontic treatment through proper management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to variation in palatal parameters in twins with completed maxillary growth. The subjects of this study comprised digital dental casts of 50 monozygotic and 35 dizygotic twin pairs. The subjects' average age was 17.95 ± 2.83 years. Zygosity determination was carried out using 15 specific DNA markers and an amel fragment of the amelogenin gene. The interdental distances were measured between selected dental landmarks at the occlusal and gingival planes. The palatal height, surface area and volume were measured between the gingival plane and the midpalate suture. High heritability estimates were observed for all transverse intra-arch measurements. The palate height (a2 = 0.8), dental arch width in the molar area (a2 = 0.86), palatal surface area (a2 = 0.61) and palate volume (a2 = 0.69) were under strong additive genetic control. Moderate genetic dominance was observed for dental arch widths at the gingival line in the canine (d2 = 0.5) and premolar regions (d2 = 0.78–0.81). Sexual dimorphism was shown, with males exhibiting a greater arch width, palate surface area and volume than females (p < 0.01). The majority of palate parameters variation in twins was controlled by genetic effects, and most were highly heritable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are innovative treatments aimed at restoring damaged dental structures. However, the effect of orthodontic movement on REP-treated teeth is not well understood and may have significant long-term consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of orthodontic movement on a mature permanent tooth associated with dens invaginatus that has undergone a regenerative endodontic procedure (REP). Case presentation: This report describes the case of a 13-year-old healthy male who presented with pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess (tooth number 2.2). Following REP according to the American Association of Endodontists' guidelines, the patient began non-extraction orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances after a 9-month healing period, which lasted 17 months in the upper arch. Subsequent follow-ups at 24, 36 and 48 months post-REP revealed an asymptomatic state with minimal cervical discoloration and diminished cold sensitivity. Radiographic analyses revealed periapical healing, mild apical remodeling on tooth 2.2, and moderate apical remodeling on other maxillary incisors. The treated tooth displayed a positive response to both REP and orthodontic treatment, yet further research is required to determine the long-term effects of orthodontics on REP-treated teeth. Conclusion: Orthodontic movement following REPs in mature permanent teeth is feasible and do not seem to prone teeth to orthodontic tooth resorption. Our experience indicates that a 9-month healing period allows successful orthodontic outcomes following REPs. Nonetheless, the predictability of outcomes and the ideal healing period before orthodontic movement is initiated remain to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (PM-RMS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue malignancy that primarily occurs in the head and neck region. The standard treatment approach for RMS involves a multimodal therapy regimen, which includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, the routine use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in young patients with RMS in the head and neck region can lead to adverse effects on dental development and thereby, pose a challenge in planning dental intervention. Case presentation: This case report outlines the dental and facial developmental consequences in a 13-year-old child, who received chemo-radiotherapeutic intervention at the age of 7 years for the management of PM-RMS. Following treatment, the child exhibited significant dental complications, including arrested root growth and restricted mouth opening. Conclusions: This case highlights the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration between oncologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals to mitigate the adverse effects on dental health and overall quality of life in patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite developing prior to the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics of the skeleton, the permanent dentition exhibits sexual dimorphism. Therefore, teeth can serve as a means to estimate sex assigned at birth even in young individuals. This project takes a large global sample of maximum dimensions of the crown as well as measurements of the crown at the cervix to explore sexual dimorphism. Dimorphism is noted in teeth throughout the dental arcade, particularly in the canines. We provide sectioning points as well as the probability of correct classification (ranging from 50.9% to 81.3%) for each measurement to aid the practitioner in sex estimation from the dentition. This research provides a method to estimate sex without arbitrary population specifications. We argue for a global approach that incorporates more population variation to remove the need to estimate “ancestry,” (which in actuality is translated to a social race category) and therefore does not force sexual dimorphism‐related variation into these mutable and ambiguous categories. Further, this paper demonstrates the utility of the dentition as an additional indicator to aid with the estimation of sex assigned at birth in forensic anthropology. The goal of this research is to better understand the expression of sexual dimorphism across the skeleton in a global context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vital pulp therapy maintained functionality, vitality, and asymptomatic teeth. Compared to normal root canal treatment, pulpotomy was more helpful for irreversible pulpitis in adult permanent teeth. The research was aimed to assess effectiveness of vital pulp therapy using mineral trioxide aggregate with Apple Vinegar and Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (17%) for five minutes in adult carious exposed pulp of permanent teeth. Methods: Forty patients between 18 and 50 years old with a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis but no periapical radiolucency were then divided randomly into two groups based on the irrigation method; ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or apple vinegar. If pulpal bleeding could not be managed in less than six minutes, the assigned procedure was abandoned. After mineral trioxide aggregate application as a pulpotomy agent, glass ionomer and composite restoration were placed. Using a visual analogue scale, the pre and post-operative pain were recorded after 2,6,24,48, and 72 h. Success was assessed using radiographic and clinical examination data at three, six, and twelve months. Results: The success rate was discovered to be non-statistically significant in both groups after a year follow-up. Apple vinegar had a lower mean value than ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid at the preoperative baseline pain level, which was significant.Postoperatively, the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid group reported the greatest mean value after two hours while Apple vinegar group reported the lowest mean values after 48 h (P < 0.05). After 72 h, pain level recorded insignificant difference. Conclusion: Apple vinegar yielded a marginally successful outcome but substantially improved pain alleviation. Trial registration: The trial was registered in Clinical trials.gov with this identifier NCT05970536 on 23/7/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectodermal Dysplasia (ED) is a rare congenital syndrome that exhibits defects in two or more ectodermal tissues. Dental manifestations include delayed eruption of permanent dentition, complete absence of teeth or absence of a few teeth, and peg-shaped teeth. This condition is typically diagnosed by a dentist when parents bring their child with complaints of absent/delayed eruption of primary teeth. Hypohidrotic ED with true anodontia is an extremely rare condition, particularly in females. Over the past 50 years, only 11 cases have been reported involving anodontia of primary and permanent dentition in ED. The current report describes a case of a three-year-old female child diagnosed with hypohidrotic ED with anodontia, successfully treated by fabricating complete dentures with proper retention to restore function and aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence on the use and applicability of AI in impacted mandibular third molars. Methods: Searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The study protocol is registered at the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY202460081). The retrieved articles were subjected to an exhaustive review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. Articles on the use of AI for diagnosis, treatment, and treatment planning in patients with impacted mandibular third molars were included. Results: Twenty-one articles were selected and evaluated using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) evidence quality scale. Most of the analyzed studies dealt with using AI to determine the relationship between the mandibular canal and the impacted mandibular third molar. The average quality of the articles included in this review was 2+, which indicated that the level of evidence, according to the SIGN protocol, was B. Conclusions: Compared to human observers, AI models have demonstrated decent performance in determining the morphology, anatomy, and relationship of the impaction with the inferior alveolar nerve canal. However, the prediction of eruptions and future horizons of AI models are still in the early developmental stages. Additional studies estimating the eruption in mixed and permanent dentition are warranted to establish a comprehensive model for identifying, diagnosing, and predicting third molar eruptions and determining the treatment outcomes in the case of impacted teeth. This will help clinicians make better decisions and achieve better treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from primary to permanent dentition is an important phase in children's oral development, yet its impact on texture perception and food acceptance are less explored. This study aimed to investigate how changing dentition and tooth loss influence texture preferences and perception of eating difficulty among children aged 5 to 12 years. Children (n = 475) completed a forced‐choice questionnaire featuring drawings of six food pairs, each available in hard or soft texture, and reported whether they had started losing primary teeth and the number of tooth gaps present. They also tasted four samples: chocolate snacks (cake and biscuits) and cheddar cheese (grated and cubes), evaluating their perceived eating difficulty and liking for each sample. Analysis of questionnaire responses showed a general preference for softer food textures among children, with a 36% probability of choosing hard foods. Preferences were not related to child's dental state, including primary teeth loss (p =.13) or number of tooth gaps (p =.45). In the taste test, chocolate biscuits and cheese cubes were perceived as significantly more difficult to eat than chocolate cake and grated cheese, respectively (both p <.0001). Children with more than two tooth gaps reported greater eating difficulty for chocolate biscuits and cheese cubes compared to children with fewer or no tooth gaps. This study demonstrated that children's texture preferences for hardness of foods remained consistent during dentition change, while their perception of eating difficulty could vary based on their dental state at specific points in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review observational studies assessing the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in permanent dentition. Methods: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, COCHANE Library and ScoINDEX databases for articles published up to February 2023. Two independent reviewers performed the search and critical appraisal of the studies. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that evaluated the association between individual‐level socioeconomic indicators and TDI (clinically examined) in permanent teeth. Quality assessment of included articles was conducted using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Global meta‐analysis was performed with all studies and different subgroup analysis based on socioeconomic indicators (household income, educational level or any other indicator), age (children, early adolescents, late adolescents or young adults) and economic classification of the country (high, upper‐middle or lower‐middle). A random‐effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each study. Results: The search strategy retrieved 11 315 publications. According to eligibility criteria, 17 articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Individuals with low SES were 17% more likely to have TDI (PR 1.17; 95% CI 1.05–1.30). The subgroup analysis also revealed that the indicator (household income, PR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00–1.34) and the economic classification of the country (upper‐middle, PR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07–1.33) influenced the association of SES with TDI occurrence. Conclusions: Individuals with lower SES were more likely to present with TDI in permanent dentition than those with higher SES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]