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Animal circadian clocks play a crucial role in regulating behavioral adaptations to daily environmental changes. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits 2 prominent peaks of activity in the morning and evening, known as morning (M) and evening (E) peaks. These peaks are controlled by 2 distinct circadian oscillators located in separate groups of clock neurons in the brain. To investigate the clock neurons responsible for the M and E peaks, a cell-specific gene expression system, the GAL4-UAS system, has been commonly employed. In this study, we re-examined the two-oscillator model for the M and E peaks of Drosophila by utilizing more than 50 Gal4 lines in conjunction with the UAS-period16 line, which enables the restoration of the clock function in specific cells in the period (per) null mutant background. Previous studies have indicated that the group of small ventrolateral neurons (s-LNv) is responsible for controlling the M peak, while the other group, consisting of the 5th ventrolateral neuron (5th LNv) and the three cryptochrome (CRY)-positive dorsolateral neurons (LNd), is responsible for the E peak. Furthermore, the group of posterior dorsal neurons 1 (DN1p) is thought to also contain M and E oscillators. In this study, we found that Gal4 lines directed at the same clock neuron groups can lead to different results, underscoring the fact that activity patterns are influenced by many factors. Nevertheless, we were able to confirm previous findings that the entire network of circadian clock neurons controls M and E peaks, with the lateral neurons playing a dominant role. In addition, we demonstrate that 4 to 6 CRY-positive DN1p cells are sufficient to generate M and E peaks in light-dark cycles and complex free-running rhythms in constant darkness. Ultimately, our detailed screening could serve as a catalog to choose the best Gal4 lines that can be used to rescue per in specific clock neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the sequences generated by prefer-one rule with different initial vectors. Firstly, we give upper bounds of their periods and for initial vectors with Hamming weight one, we prove that the generated sequences are modified de Bruijn sequences. Moreover, for two of them, we give the truth tables of their feedback functions. We also investigate the feedback functions of prefer-one de Bruijn sequences. For order n prefer-one de Bruijn sequence, we give linear and quadratic terms in its feedback function and prove that the number of degree n - 2 terms has the same parity as n. The statistical result for small n shows that about half of all terms occur in the feedback functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is an agricultural pest and burgeoning model for research on speciation, seasonal adaptation and insect resistance management. Although previous work in O. nubilalis has identified genes associated with differences in life cycle, reproduction, and resistance to Bt toxins, the general lack of a robust gene‐editing protocol for O. nubilalis has been a barrier to functional validation of candidate genes. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and practical methodology for heritable gene mutagenesis in O. nubilalis using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Precise loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations were generated at two circadian clock genes, period (per) and pigment‐dispersing factor receptor (pdfr), and a developmental gene, prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth). Precluding the need for a visible genetic marker, gene‐editing efficiency remained high across different single guide RNAs (sgRNA) and germline transmission of mutations to F1 offspring approached 100%. When single or dual sgRNAs were injected at a high concentration, gene‐specific phenotypic differences in behaviour and development were identified in F0 mutants. Specifically, F0 gene mutants demonstrated that PER, but not PDFR, is essential for normal timing of eclosion. PTTH F0 mutants were significantly heavier and exhibited a higher incidence of diapause. This work will accelerate future studies of gene function in O. nubilalis and facilitate the development of similar screens in other Lepidopteran and non‐model insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was planned to understand influence of season on reproductive performance in Gir heifers. A cumulative 12 years (2006–2017) full term calving record of Gir heifers (n = 414) were used for analysis. Results indicated that age at sexual maturity (ASM), age at first conception (AFCON), age at first calving (AFC) and number of services per conception (NSC) differed significantly (p < 0.05) across months. Heifers born during summer had significantly (p < 0.05) longer ASM, AFCON and AFC than during winter and rainy seasons. Season did not affect NSC and gestation length (GL). All the reproductive traits gradually and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from the year 2006 to 2017 except GL. The study revealed that month, season and period of birth had significant (p < 0.05) effect on reproductive performance of Gir heifers, so these factors should be taken care while selecting Gir heifers for reproductive traits improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the menstrual cycle, its associated health concerns, and the subsequent effects on athlete performance could facilitate the formulation of educated and tailored strategies for training and participating in competitive sports. In turn, this can decrease the probability of injuries, maintain psychological well-being, and ultimately enhance athlete performance. Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the perspective of collegiate student-athletes related to health issues and sports performance during their menstrual period, both in terms of training and competition, as well as the athletes’ willingness to discuss pertaining their menstrual cycle. Materials and methods. Our study included 115 female student-athletes participating in land-based individual/team sports (n = 95) and a combination of land/water-based sports (n = 20). A questionnaire was used to collect data for this cross-sectional study, which was undertaken and completed by the participants. A descriptive analysis was performed, with results reported in frequency and percentage, followed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney) to analyze the mean differences between the training participation groups during menstruation. Results. In general, all athletes experienced several health issues, with abdominal pain and lower back pain being the most prevalent. Furthermore, nearly all of them (95.33%) experienced pain on the first day of their periods. Menstruation also influences the performance of female athletes during exercise (70.43%) and competition (73.91%), causing increased fatigue and reduced endurance in the majority of them. Additionally, there is a significant difference between the context of training engagement and the number of weekly exercise sessions (0.011) during the menstrual cycle. Conclusions. Menstruation significantly affects the health and performance of female athletes, both during training and competition. Coaches and athletes must comprehend the menstrual cycle to address this issue effectively. It is crucial that coaches and athletes possess a comprehensive understanding of the menstrual cycle in order to effectively address this issue. Moreover, involving medical professionals and sports nutritionists in managing menstrual cycles is also another strategy for enhancing athlete performance.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence and give some properties. By taking into account the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence modulo $m$, the method will be given to determine the period lengths of this sequence according to the different $m$ values. In the final part of this paper, we study the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence in groups and then we calculate the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid lengths of polyhedral groups $(2,2,2)$, $(2,n,2)$ and $(n,2,2)$ as applications of the results produced.

In the U.S., uterine cancer incidence is rising, with racial and ethnic minorities experiencing the largest increases. We performed age-period-cohort analyses using novel methods to examine the contribution of age at diagnosis (age), year of diagnosis (period), and birth cohort (cohort), to trends in uterine cancer incidence. We used uterine cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) 12 database (1992–2019), and performed hysterectomy-correction. We generated hexamaps to visualize age, period, and cohort effects, and used mutual information to estimate the percent contribution of age, period, and cohort effects, individually and combined, on uterine cancer incidence, overall and by race and ethnicity and histology. Hexamaps showed an increase in uterine cancer in later time periods, and a cohort effect around 1933 showing a lower incidence compared with earlier and later cohorts. Age, period, and cohort effects combined contributed 86.6% (95% CI: 86.4%, 86.9%) to the incidence. Age effects had the greatest contribution (65.1%, 95% CI: 64.3%, 65.9), followed by cohort (20.7%, 95% CI: 20.1%, 21.3%) and period (14.2%, 95% CI: 13.7%, 14.8%) effects. Hexamaps showed higher incidence in recent years for non-Hispanic Blacks and non-endometrioid tumors. Age effects had the largest contribution to uterine cancer incidence, followed by cohort and period effects overall and across racial and ethnic groups and histologies. These findings can inform uterine cancer modeling studies on the effects of interventions that target risk factors which may vary across age, period, or cohort. • Age effects had the largest contribution to uterine cancer incidence, followed by cohort and period effects. • Similar trends were noted across racial and ethnic groups and various histologies. • These findings can inform uterine cancer modeling studies on the effects of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts an in-depth study on the dynamic stability and complex vibration behavior of a 12-pole active magnetic bearing (AMB) system considering gravitational effects under a PD controller. Firstly, based on electromagnetic theory and Newton's second law, a two-degree-of-freedom control equation of the system, including PD control terms and gravitational effects, is constructed. This equation involves not only parametric excitation, quadratic nonlinearity, and cubic nonlinearity but also a more pronounced coupling effect between the magnetic poles due to the presence of gravity. Secondly, using the multi-scale method, a four-dimensional averaged equation of the system in Cartesian and polar coordinates is derived. Finally, through numerical analysis, the system's amplitude–frequency response, motion trajectory, the relationship between energy and amplitude, and global dynamic behaviors such as bifurcation and chaos are discussed in detail. The results show that the PD controller significantly affects the system's spring hardening/softening characteristics, excitation, amplitude, energy, and stability. Specifically, increasing the proportional gain can quickly suppress the rotor's motion, but it also increases the system's instability. Adjusting the differential gain can transition the system from a chaotic state to a stable periodic motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptochromes (Crys) represent a multi-facetted class of proteins closely associated with circadian clocks. They have been shown to function as photoreceptors but also to fulfill light-independent roles as transcriptional repressors within the negative feedback loop of the circadian clock. In addition, there is evidence for Crys being involved in light-dependent magneto-sensing, and regulation of neuronal activity in insects, adding to the functional diversity of this cryptic protein class. In mammals, Crys are essential components of the circadian clock, but their role in other vertebrates is less clear. In invertebrates, Crys can function as circadian photoreceptors, or as components of the circadian clock, while in some species, both light-receptive and clock factor roles coexist. In the current study, we investigate the function of Cry proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost expressing 6 cry genes. Zebrafish peripheral circadian clocks are intrinsically light-sensitive, suggesting the involvement of Cry in light-resetting. Echinoderms (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) represent the only class of deuterostomes that possess an orthologue (SpuCry) of the light-sensitive Drosophila melanogaster Cry, which is an important component of the light-resetting pathway, but also works as transcriptional repressor in peripheral clocks of fruit flies. We therefore investigated the potential of different zebrafish cry genes and SpuCry to replace the light-resetting and repressor functions of Drosophila Cry by expressing them in fruit flies lacking endogenous cry function. Using various behavioral and molecular approaches, we show that most Cry proteins analyzed are able to fulfill circadian repressor functions in flies, except for one of the zebrafish Crys, encoded by cry4a. Cry4a also shows a tendency to support light-dependent Cry functions, indicating that it might act in the light-input pathway of zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the menstrual cycle, its associated health concerns, and the subsequent effects on athlete performance could facilitate the formulation of educated and tailored strategies for training and participating in competitive sports. In turn, this can decrease the probability of injuries, maintain psychological well-being, and ultimately enhance athlete performance. Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the perspective of collegiate student-athletes related to health issues and sports performance during their menstrual period, both in terms of training and competition, as well as the athletes’ willingness to discuss pertaining their menstrual cycle. Materials and methods. Our study included 115 female student-athletes participating in land-based individual/ team sports (n = 95) and a combination of land/water-based sports (n = 20). A questionnaire was used to collect data for this cross-sectional study, which was undertaken and completed by the participants. A descriptive analysis was performed, with results reported in frequency and percentage, followed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney) to analyze the mean differences between the training participation groups during menstruation. Results. In general, all athletes experienced several health issues, with abdominal pain and lower back pain being the most prevalent. Furthermore, nearly all of them (95.33%) experienced pain on the first day of their periods. Menstruation also influences the performance of female athletes during exercise (70.43%) and competition (73.91%), causing increased fatigue and reduced endurance in the majority of them. Additionally, there is a significant difference between the context of training engagement and the number of weekly exercise sessions (0.011) during the menstrual cycle. Conclusions. Menstruation significantly affects the health and performance of female athletes, both during training and competition. Coaches and athletes must comprehend the menstrual cycle to address this issue effectively. It is crucial that coaches and athletes possess a comprehensive understanding of the menstrual cycle in order to effectively address this issue. Moreover, involving medical professionals and sports nutritionists in managing menstrual cycles is also another strategy for enhancing athlete performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following Inoue et al., we define a word to be a repetition if it is a (fractional) power of exponent at least 2. A word has a repetition factorization if it is the product of repetitions. We study repetition factorizations in several (generalized) automatic sequences, including the infinite Fibonacci word, the Thue-Morse word, paperfolding words, and the Rudin-Shapiro sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to introduce the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence and give some properties. By taking into account the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence modulo m, the method will be given to determine the period lengths of this sequence according to the different m values. In the final part of this paper, we study the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid sequence in groups and then we calculate the cyclic-Fibonacci hybrid lengths of polyhedral groups (2; 2; 2), (2; n; 2) and (n; 2; 2) as applications of the results produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: To optimize water usage and cultivate robust seedlings, a comprehensive understanding of the grey mangrove habitat conditions across two vegetative periods and their growth responses in nursery settings is essential. This study aimed to assess the germination rates and growth outcomes of grey mangroves under varying light intensities, irrigation levels, and their combined effects during two distinct 3-month growth phases in a nursery environment. The research sought to elucidate how these factors influence germination percentages and overall performance of grey mangrove seedlings, providing valuable insights for more efficient and sustainable nursery practices. Materials and Methods: Propagules sourced from 30 healthy mother trees during the summer of 2022 were distributed across five groups, each containing three plastic pots, within a coastal nursery utilizing a factorial statistical design. Various irrigation frequencies (twice daily, once daily, every other day, and every second day) and light treatments spanning five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were administered to the propagules. The study aimed to assess the vegetative responses of seedlings to light and irrigation over two 3-month periods by measuring collar diameter, height, and leaf count (post-bifoliate stage) using digital calipers and a ruler. Growth increments were computed based on changes in collar diameter and height across the two 3-month periods. Germination percentages were documented at the start of growth, while leaf area measurements of 6-month-old seedlings were conducted across all treatments. Statistical analysis using General Linear Models (GLM) at a significance level of 95% was employed to analyze the data, shedding light on the impact of light and irrigation on the growth and development of grey mangrove seedlings in nursery conditions. Results: Based on the findings, the germination percentage exhibited higher rates under twice-daily and daily irrigation, along with 50% and 75% light treatments compared to other conditions (P≤0.05). Notably, in the twice-daily irrigation setup, leaf area, registering at 22.83 cm², displayed a statistically significant variance from other treatments (P≥0.05). Leaf area peaked under 50%, 0%, and 75% light treatments (P≤0.05). Significant disparities were observed in all vegetative attributes between the initial 3-month and subsequent 3-month assessments in response to varying light and irrigation treatments. Furthermore, most growth parameters, excluding leaf count, showcased higher values in the initial 3-month assessment compared to the subsequent period. Notably, in the second 3-month evaluation, differences among treatments were less pronounced. Analysis revealed that, during the initial 3-month assessment, diameter growth peaked under twice-daily irrigation (0.41 mm), daily irrigation (0.36 mm), and 50% light exposure (0.32 mm). Conversely, in the subsequent 3-month period, disparities in diameter growth diminished, particularly in the 50%, 25%, and 75% light treatments, aligning them in comparable groups. Similarly, height growth attained its maximum under the twice-daily irrigation regimen during the initial 3-month assessment, recording 4.75 cm, which decreased to 2.41 cm in the subsequent 3-month period, aligning it with the once-daily irrigation scheme (2.21 cm). Height growth peaked at 50% light (4.48 cm) during the initial 3-month evaluation, transitioning to 75% light (4.34 cm) in the subsequent 3-month period. Distinctively, leaf number exhibited a contrasting trend, being lower in the initial 3-month period than in the subsequent phase, showcasing a unique pattern compared to the other vegetative parameters. Conclusion: Based on the study outcomes, grey mangrove seedlings demonstrate heightened sensitivity to light and irrigation during their initial 3-month growth phase, displaying more pronounced responses to these factors. Therefore, ensuring appropriate levels of irrigation and shade is paramount for fostering optimal growth conditions for grey mangrove seedlings in nursery settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) tagging using silica(SiO2)@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is easy to handle and is being studied in various fields, including SERS imaging and immunoassays. This is primarily due to its structural advantages, characterized by high SERS activity. However, the Ag NPs introduced onto the SiO2 surface may undergo structural transformation owing to the Ostwald ripening phenomenon under various conditions. As a result, the consistency of the SERS signal decreases, reducing their usability as SERS substrates. Until recently, research has been actively conducted to improve the stability of single Ag NPs. However, research on SiO2@Ag NPs used as a SERS-tagging material is still lacking. In this study, we utilized a Raman labeling compound (RLC) to prevent the structural deformation of SiO2@Ag NPs under various conditions and proposed excellent SiO2@Ag@RLC-Pre NPs as a SERS-tagging material. Using various RLCs, we confirmed that 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) is the RLC that maintains the highest stability for 2 months. These results were also observed for the SiO2@Ag NPs, which were unstable under various pH and temperature conditions. We believe that SERS tags using SiO2@Ag NPs and 4-MBA can be utilized in various applications on based SERS because of the high stability and consistency of the resulting SERS signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and fast traffic prediction is the data-based foundation for achieving traffic control and management, and the accuracy of prediction results will directly affect the effectiveness of traffic control and management. This paper proposes a new spatiotemporal periodic polynomial model for road traffic, which integrates the temporal, spatial, and periodic features of speed time series and can effectively handle the nonlinear mapping relationship from input to output. In terms of the model, we establish a road traffic speed prediction model based on polynomial regression. In terms of spatial feature extraction methods, we introduce a maximum mutual information coefficient spatial feature extraction method. In terms of periodic feature extraction methods, we introduce a periodic trend modeling method into the prediction of speed time series, and effective fusion is carried out. Four strategies are evaluated based on the Guangzhou road speed dataset: a univariate polynomial model, a spatiotemporal polynomial model, a periodic polynomial model, and a spatiotemporal periodic polynomial model. The test results show that the three methods proposed in this article can effectively improve prediction accuracy. Comparing the spatiotemporal periodic polynomial model with multiple machine learning models and deep learning models, the prediction accuracy is improved by 5.94% compared to the best feedforward neural network. The research in this article can effectively deal with the temporal, spatial, periodic, and nonlinear characteristics of speed prediction, and to a certain extent, improve the accuracy of speed prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head grooming in Drosophila consists of repeated sweeps of the legs across the head, comprising regular cycles. We used the GAL4-UAS system to study the effects of overexpressing shibirets1 and of Adar knockdown via RNA interference, on the period of head-grooming cycles in Drosophila. Overexpressing shibirets1 interferes with synaptic vesicle recycling and thus with cell communication, while Adar knockdown reduces RNA editing of neuronal transcripts for a large number of genes. All transgenic flies and their controls were tested at 22° to avoid temperature effects; in wild type, cycle frequency varied with temperature with a Q10 of 1.3. Two experiments were performed with transgenic shibirets1: (1) each fly was heat-shocked for 10 min at 30° immediately before testing at 22° and (2) flies were not heat shocked. In both experiments, cycle period was increased when shibirets1 was overexpressed in all neurons, but was not increased when shibirets1 was overexpressed in motoneurons alone. We hypothesize that grooming cycles in flies overexpressing shibirets1 are lengthened because of synaptic impairment in neural circuits that control head-grooming cycles. In flies with constitutive, pan-neuronal Adar knockdown, cycle period was more variable within individuals, but mean cycle period was not significantly altered. We conclude that RNA editing is essential for the maintenance of within-individual stereotypy of head-grooming cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is in an earthquake-prone zone; therefore, building structures must be designed to be earthquake-resistant. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation systems in enhancing the seismic performance of buildings. Specifically, the study compares the structural performance of buildings equipped with base isolation systems to those without, utilizing earthquake analysis spectrum response methods. The case study focuses on a 22-story apartment building, analyzed using ETABS V.18 software. The results indicate a significant increase in the period of buildings with base isolation systems. Although such structures exhibit notable lateral displacement, the inter-story drift remains relatively small. Furthermore, the base moment in buildings with base isolation systems is generally lower compared to those without, suggesting that base isolation can effectively reduce the seismic forces experienced by the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite cross-cultural differences in knowledge and attitudes toward menstruation, most studies on menstruation in women's sport have been conducted in high-income countries, such as in Europe, and none have been conducted in Africa. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of African elite women football players, and their support personnel toward the menstrual cycle and menstruation. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all participants (n = 564) at two African women football tournaments. Ultimately, 238 women football players, 44 coaches, 18 health personnel, and 17 referees completed it. From 317 questionnaires analyzed, 17%, 27%, 56%, and 0% of players, coaches, health personnel, and referees, respectively, knew at least one menstrual cycle hormone; 91%, 95%, and 100% of players, coaches, and referees, respectively, did not know at least one menstrual cycle phase. Over 70% of health personnel believed that menstruation negatively affects women's performance in sports compared with 36% of players; 18%, 28%, and 18% of players, health personnel, and referees, respectively, believed that, for convenience, the menstrual cycle should be changed by drugs like contraceptives; and 54%, 61%, 62%, and 40% of players, coaches, health personnel, and referees, respectively, were confident providing advice about the menstrual cycle to teammates. Minimal knowledge of the menstrual cycle has implications on the development of menstrual cycle considerate training environments and educational materials in African women's football. Furthermore, the relatively low perceived effect of the menstrual cycle on sporting performance and belief in the use of contraceptives may be attributable to differences in community-level religiocultural and social contexts which influence menstrual experiences, and shape behavioral expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Current Nursing Research / Güncel Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Current Nursing Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkic Studies Journal is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences is the property of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anaphylactic reaction during general anaesthesia represents a rare event in clinical practice with a possible fatal outcome. We present a case of a female patient with no prior history of allergic reactions to rocuronium. Shortly after rocuronium administration, she developed the following signs: tachycardia, low blood pressure and bronchospasm. Skin rash and peripheral signs were absent, probably due to previous premedication. Events like this could be potentially fatal if not recognized and treated in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetic regulation is important for circadian rhythm. In previous studies, multiple histone modifications were found at the Period (Per) locus. However, most of these studies were not conducted in clock neurons. In our screen, we found that a CoREST mutation resulted in defects in circadian rhythm by affecting Per transcription. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that CoREST regulates circadian rhythm by regulating multiple histone modifiers at the Per locus. Genetic and physical interaction experiments supported these regulatory relationships. Moreover, through tissue-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in clock neurons, we found that the CoREST mutation led to time-dependent changes in corresponding histone modifications at the Per locus. Finally, we proposed a model indicating the role of the CoREST complex in the regulation of circadian rhythm. This study revealed the dynamic changes of histone modifications at the Per locus specifically in clock neurons. Importantly, it provides insights into the role of epigenetic factors in the regulation of dynamic gene expression changes in circadian rhythm.

The observation object of the geoelectric field observation system is the geoelectric field intensity vector. Its purpose is to explore the change of the geoelectric field before earthquake, to obtain the electrical structure and its change law of underground and rock layer, and to develop the change characteristics of the geoelectric field in the process of seismogenesis by observing the intensity of geo electric field on the surface. The data of Wengtian geoelectric station since its establishment are sorted out in detail, and the quality of the data since its operation is analyzed by calculating the difference and correlation, the reasons for the good data quality are summarized, and some suggestions on how to improve the data quality in the next step are given. The curve of geoelectric field observation data at Wengtian station has an obvious daily variation form of one peak and one valley. The spectrum analysis shows that the dominant periods are 24, 12 and 6 hours, with 24 hours as the main period. By using the method of dominant azimuth angle, it is found that the dominant azimuth angle is narrowed and deflected from 2017 to 2018, and the anomaly is analyzed and discussed.

Abstract Case During menstruation, healthy women frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms. The objective of this report is to describe a case of a woman who presented with acute watery diarrhoea during menstruation for the last 3 years. Outcome A case report has been compiled of a patient who visited the emergency room of the hospital on May 20, 2023, complaining of severe watery diarrhoea. An increased frequency of Gastrointestinal symptoms during menses has also been reported in women, but specifically acute watery diarrhoea symptoms during menses for the last 3 years is quite an unusual case. This study explores the possibility of a relationship between hormonal changes with increased prostaglandin levels and menstrual diarrhoea. Besides norethisterone acetate was utilized by the patient due to irregular menstruation, which might have an influence on this gastrointestinal problem but more studies are needed to determine its effect. Conclusion Considering the possibility of a new diagnosis and carefully investigating the correct diagnosis for persistent acute watery diarrhoea related to menstruation is crucial for improving patient care.

Earth's rotation shapes a 24‐h cycle, governing circadian rhythms in organisms. In mammals, the core clock genes, CLOCK and BMAL1, are regulated by PERIODs (PERs) and CRYPTOCHROMEs (CRYs), but their roles remain unclear in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. To explore this, we studied P. xylostella, which possesses a simplified circadian system compared to mammals. In P. xylostella, we observed rhythmic expressions of the Pxper and Pxcry2 genes in their heads, with differing phases. In vitro experiments revealed that PxCRY2 repressed monarch butterfly CLK:BMAL1 transcriptional activation, while PxPER and other CRY‐like proteins did not. However, PxPER showed an inhibitory effect on PxCLK/PxCYCLE. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we individually and in combination knocked out Pxper and Pxcry2, then conducted gene function studies and circadian transcriptome sequencing. Loss of either Pxper or Pxcry2 eliminated the activity peak after lights‐off in light–dark cycles, and Pxcry2 loss reduced overall activity. Pxcry2 was crucial for maintaining endogenous rhythms in constant darkness. Under light–dark conditions, 1 098 genes exhibited rhythmic expression in wild‐type P. xylostella heads, with 749 relying on Pxper and Pxcry2 for their rhythms. Most core clock genes lost their rhythmicity in Pxper and Pxcry2 mutants, while Pxcry2 sustained rhythmic expression, albeit with reduced amplitude and altered phase. Additionally, rhythmic genes were linked to biological processes like the spliceosome and Toll signaling pathway, with these rhythms depending on Pxper or Pxcry2 function. In summary, our study unveils differences in circadian rhythm regulation by Pxper and Pxcry2 in P. xylostella. This provides a valuable model for understanding circadian clock regulation in nocturnal animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent girls face numerous challenges which hinder their ability to manage menstruation in a healthy and dignified manner. Objectives: To examine the menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent girls schooling in rural Anambra communities. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Method: Participants were selected using multistage stratified random sampling technique and interviewed using self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Results: Mean age of all, pre-menarche and post-menarche girls were 14.7 ± 1.84, 12.8 ± 1.09 and 15.1 ± 1.73 years, respectively. About 46% of the pre-menarche girls had not received any information on menstruation. Common sources of initial menstruation information were mother (87.3%), school (52.2%) and peers (20.0%). Among the 1091 (85.0% (1091/1283)) post-menarche girls, last menstrual period, last menstrual period duration and cycle length could not be recalled by 53.9%, 34.4% and 39.3%, respectively. Majority (98.3%) who could recall last menstrual period had a cycle length of ⩽30 days and the mean duration of menses was 4.4 ± 0.84 days. Disposable sanitary pad was mostly (60%) cited as recommended product, but cloth/rags (40.6%) or tissue paper (32. 3%) were predominantly used. Majority (88.6%) took their bath ⩾twice/day, 50.9% changed sanitary product ⩽twice/day while 72.5% exhibited poor hand washing. Sanitary products were mostly discarded by burning (45.4%). Fifty-one percent could not change in school predominantly due to lack of functional toilets/changing rooms (84.2%) while 72.5% of those who changed did so in bushes or unused spaces. Challenges faced during menstruation include restriction from holy places (38.9%), waist pain (74.9%), blood stains (36.1%) and lack of money to buy pad (27.0%). Factors significantly associated with using commercial pads were age (p = 0.047), class (p = 0.006), mother's educational status (p < 0.001), social class (p < 0.001), ability to recall last menstrual period date (p = 0.029) or duration (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene management was unsatisfactory among studied adolescents. Continuous education of adolescent girls on menstrual hygiene management and advocacy for adequate menstrual hygiene management support are imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear dependence of age, period, and birth cohort is a challenge for the analysis of social change. With either repeated cross-sectional data or conventional panel data, raw change cannot be decomposed into over-time differences that are attributable to the effects of common experiences of alternative birth cohorts, features of the periods under observation, and the cumulation of lifecourse aging. This article proposes a rolling panel model for cohort, period, and aging effects, suggested by and tuned to the treble panel data collected for the General Social Survey from 2006 through 2014. While the model does not offer a general solution for the identification of the classical age-period-cohort accounting model, it yields warranted interpretations under plausible assumptions that are reasonable for many outcomes of interest. In particular, if aging effects can be assumed to be invariant over the course of an observation interval, and if separate panel samples of the full age distribution overlap within the same observation interval, then period and aging effects can be parameterized and interpreted separately, adjusted for cohort differences that pulse through the same observation interval. The estimated cohort effects during the observation interval are then interpretable as effects during the observation interval of entangled period and cumulated aging differences from before the observation interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Earthquake Sciences is the property of China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Geophysics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identification of the neural circuits in the brain regulating animal behavior and physiology is critical for understanding brain functions and is one of the most challenging goals in neuroscience research. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster has often been used to identify the neural circuits involved in the regulation of specific behaviors because of the many neurogenetic tools available to express target genes in particular neurons. Neurons controlling sexual behavior, feeding behavior, and circadian rhythms have been identified, and the number of neurons responsible for controlling these phenomena is small. The search for a few neurons controlling a specific behavior is an important first step to clarify the overall picture of the neural circuits regulating that behavior. We previously found that the clock gene period (per), which is essential for circadian rhythms in Drosophila, is also essential for long-term memory (LTM). We have also found that a very limited number of per-expressing clock neurons in the adult brain are required for the consolidation and maintenance of LTM. In this review, we focus on LTM in Drosophila, introduce the concept of LTM regulation by a few clock neurons that we have recently discovered, and discuss how a few clock neurons regulate Drosophila LTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the changes in physical performance by playing position throughout professional soccer match-play. Global Positioning Systems were used for the collection of external load measures during 35 matches. Each match was divided into 15-minute periods. Physical performance varied according to the period in distance covered (F 5 25.69; p, 0.001; partial eta-squared [hp2] 5 0.11), sprinting distance (SPD, F 5 4.35; p, 0.001; hp2 5 0.02), sprinting actions (SPAs, F 5 5.19; p, 0.001), high-intensity accelerations (Acc+3, F 5 2.18; p 5 0.05; hp2 5 0.01), high-intensity decelerations (Dec+3, F 5 4.51; p, 0.001; hp2 5 0.02), and high-metabolic load distance (HMLD, F 5 5.59; p, 0.001; hp2 5 0.03). The period with the greatest mean physical performance was usually from the first half of the matches: 0-15 minutes (distance, Acc+3, and Dec+3) and 30-45 minutes (HMLD, SPA, and SPD). However, the lowest mean physical performance compared with the rest of 15-minute periods was observed in the 60-75-minute period (distance, HMLD, Acc+3, and Dec+3), except for SPA and SPD (15-30 minutes and 75-90 minutes). Overall, no significant differences (p. 0.05) were observed in the physical performance between the extratime periods. In addition, the playing position had a significant effect on all performance variables (F 5 39.99-133.29; p, 0.001; hp2 5 0.14-0.34). Central defenders showed the lowest physical performance throughout the periods of match-play, whereas wide midfielders showed the greatest physical performance in all variables, except for distance covered, in which midfielders had the greatest performance. In conclusion, there were changes in physical performance during the matches depending on the period of match-play and playing position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore perimenopausal women's feelings towards their periods, the impact on their wellbeing and how we can support them. Study design: Participants were recruited for focus groups through social media advertisements. In 6 online focus groups, 31 perimenopausal women aged 40–55 living in the UK were asked 5 questions relating to periods and perimenopause, support and education. Main outcome measures: Content analysis. Results: When asked How do you feel about having a period? The participants often related back to the stress of menarche and said their period negatively impacted their wellbeing their whole lives. During perimenopause, their periods had become unpredictable, heavy, and a debilitating disruption to their lives. The women desired support at work through policy, and from family and friends. They believed that educating girls and boys during school was the best place to start, but that education through work and community groups was also needed. They felt healthcare professionals should have mandatory training regarding women's health issues and menopause. Conclusion: The study highlights the impact of menstrual experiences on the wellbeing of perimenopausal women, emphasising the need for improved menstrual education from an early age. Comprehensive menstrual education in schools involving both genders to enable informed decision-making and improved training for healthcare professionals are recommended. Support networks for perimenopausal women will promote better quality of life for women as they go through their perimenopause journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient temperature varies constantly. However, the period of circadian pacemakers is remarkably stable over a wide-range of ecologically- and physiologically-relevant temperatures, even though the kinetics of most biochemical reactions accelerates as temperature rises. This thermal buffering phenomenon, called temperature compensation, is a critical feature of circadian rhythms, but how it is achieved remains elusive. Here, we uncovered the important role played by the Drosophila PERIOD (PER) phosphodegron in temperature compensation. This phosphorylation hotspot is crucial for PER proteasomal degradation and is the functional homolog of mammalian PER2 S478 phosphodegron, which also impacts temperature compensation. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we introduced a series of mutations that altered three Serines of the PER phosphodegron. While all three Serine to Alanine substitutions lengthened period at all temperatures tested, temperature compensation was differentially affected. S44A and S45A substitutions caused undercompensation, while S47A resulted in overcompensation. These results thus reveal unexpected functional heterogeneity of phosphodegron residues in thermal compensation. Furthermore, mutations impairing phosphorylation of the per s phosphocluster showed undercompensation, consistent with its inhibitory role on S47 phosphorylation. We observed that S47A substitution caused increased accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated PER at warmer temperatures. This finding was corroborated by cell culture assays in which S47A slowed down phosphorylation-dependent PER degradation at high temperatures, causing PER degradation to be excessively temperature-compensated. Thus, our results point to a novel role of the PER phosphodegron in temperature compensation through temperature-dependent modulation of the abundance of hyper-phosphorylated PER. Our work reveals interesting mechanistic convergences and differences between mammalian and Drosophila temperature compensation of the circadian clock.

Copyright of Physical Culture: Upbringing, Education, Training is the property of National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper conducts an in-depth study on the dynamic stability and complex vibration behavior of a 12-pole active magnetic bearing (AMB) system considering gravitational effects under a PD controller. Firstly, based on electromagnetic theory and Newton’s second law, a two-degree-of-freedom control equation of the system, including PD control terms and gravitational effects, is constructed. This equation involves not only parametric excitation, quadratic nonlinearity, and cubic nonlinearity but also a more pronounced coupling effect between the magnetic poles due to the presence of gravity. Secondly, using the multi-scale method, a four-dimensional averaged equation of the system in Cartesian and polar coordinates is derived. Finally, through numerical analysis, the system’s amplitude–frequency response, motion trajectory, the relationship between energy and amplitude, and global dynamic behaviors such as bifurcation and chaos are discussed in detail. The results show that the PD controller significantly affects the system’s spring hardening/softening characteristics, excitation, amplitude, energy, and stability. Specifically, increasing the proportional gain can quickly suppress the rotor’s motion, but it also increases the system’s instability. Adjusting the differential gain can transition the system from a chaotic state to a stable periodic motion.