Search

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je proučavanje utjecaja dvaju parametara kod laserskog rezanja na kvalitetu rezne površine. Kao materijal ispitivanja odabrana je aluminijeva legura AlMg3 (EN AW 5754) u obliku limene ploče debljine 8 mm. Aluminijeve legure spadaju u teško rezljive materijale zbog svoje visoke reflektivnosti i toplinske provodnosti. Uzorci na kojima su provedena ispitna mjerenja izrezani su pomoću fiber lasera snage 10 kW. Prvi dio ovog rada daje pregled razvoja lasera kao tehnologije te osnovne pojmove i načela rada lasera. Nakon toga definirani su osnovni pojmovi i mehanizmi vezani uz tehnologiju laserskog rezanja. Drugi dio ovog rada je eksperimentalan, a u njemu su definirani svi parametri izvedenog pokusa te je opisan postupak kod pripreme uzoraka i provođenja mjerenja. Nakon toga, izmjereni podaci su obrađeni i prikazani te je analiziran utjecaj brzine rezanja i položaja žarišne točke na kvalitetu reza. The goal of this master's thesis is to study the influence of two laser cutting parameters on cut surfface quality. AlMg3 (EN AW 5754) aluminum alloy is chosen as a sample material in form of 8 mm thick sheet. Aluminum alloys represent materials group that are hard to cut becaouse of their high reflectivity and heat conductivity. 10 kW fiber laser cutting machine is used tu cut the samples. The history of laser technology development along with key terms and principles of laser technology are described in first part of this thesis. Then, the terms and mechanisams of laser cutting technology are defined. The second, experimental, part of this thesis is where parameters of conducted experiment are defined. The details of sample preparation and conducted mesurings are described. After that the dana show along with analysis of coutting speed and focal point position influence on laser cut surfface quality.

The diagnostic accuracy of tensiomyography (TMG) parameters compared to the gold standard in neuromuscular fatigue evaluation using voluntary and electrically induced muscle activation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of TMG parameters to detect individual changes after interventions that were designed to induce central or peripheral fatigue. Nineteen males (age: 32.2 ± 9.3 years) performed two interventions, consisting of maintaining 25% of maximal voluntary contraction (MViC25%) and a 30 s all-out cycling test (Wingate), respectively. TMG parameters, maximum voluntary contraction (PtMViC), voluntary activation (VA%) and electrically elicited double twitches (Dtw) were assessed on the knee extensors before (PRE), one minute (POST) and seven minutes after (POST7) the intervention. The diagnostic accuracy (AUC) of TMG parameters were evaluated in comparison to two criteria measures (PtMViC and Dtw). RM ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the effects of intervention and time on VA% (p = 0.001) and Dtw (p < 0.001) but not for PtMViC (p = 0.420). AUC showed that TMG parameters had a good ability in detecting muscular fatigue assessed by Dtw but not by PtMViC. The results of the current study suggest that TMG parameters can be used to monitor peripheral neuromuscular fatigue.

U ovom radu vršila se analiza povezanosti parametara i ključnih pokazatelja na tvornici za učenje. U radu je opisana sama tvornica za učenje koja se nalazi na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje u Zagrebu. Nakon opisa tvornice, izveden je pokus u kojemu su se varirali bitni parametri i prikupljali ključni pokazatelji. Promatrani parametri bili su strategija upravljanja energijom, brzina konvejera, vrijeme prešanja, broj osigurača te broj rupa stražnjeg poklopca, dok su ključni pokazatelji bili energija i omjer VAT-NVAT. Zatim je predstavljen plan pokusa i za jednu vrstu procesa je napravljena i opisana funkcijsko-vremenska mapa. Nakon prikupljanja podataka izvršena je njihova statistička analiza s ciljem optimiranja parametara koji utječu na vrijeme procesa i utrošak energije. This paper analyses the connection between parameters and key indicators at the learning factory. The paper describes the learning factory at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb. After the description of the factory, an experiment was carried out in which essential parameters were varied and key indicators were collected. The observed parameters were energy management strategy, conveyor speed, pressing time, number of fuses and number of holes on the lid, while the key indicators were energy and VAT-NVAT ratio. Then the experimental plan was presented and a function-time map was created and described for one type of process. After collecting the data, statistical analysis was performed with the aim of optimizing parameters influencing process time and energy consumption.

Tehnologija ciljnega nalaganja je ena najbolj razširjenih tehnologij v svetu 3D-tiskanja polimerov. Uporabljamo jo za 3D-tisk termoplastov, med drugim tudi za tisk izdelkov iz polivnil alkohola. Izkazalo se je, da imajo ti po izdelavi z uporabo procesnih parametrov, priporočenih s strani proizvajalca filamenta, zelo slabe trdnostne lastnosti, saj je pri majhnih obremenitvah prečno na plasti izdelka prišlo do delaminacije. V našem delu smo raziskovali vpliv izbire procesnih parametrov 3D-tiskanja za izboljšanje sprijetosti plasti izdelka. Osredotočili smo se na vpliv temperature okolice. To smo nadzorovali in spreminjali s pomočjo silikonskega grelca, ki smo ga vgradili pod glavo 3D-tiskalnika. Z nateznim preizkusom smo ugotovili, da povišana temperatura okolice pozitivno vpliva na sprijetost plasti izdelka. Fused deposition modeling or Fused filament fabrication is one of the most commonly used technologies in the world of 3D printing. It is used to 3D print thermoplastics, including products made from polyvinyl alcohol polymer. These have been shown to have very poor strength properties after production using the process parameters recommended by the filament manufacturer, with delamination occurring at low loads across the product layers. In our work, we investigated the influence of the choice of 3D printing process parameters to improve the adhesion of the product layers. We focused on the influence of ambient temperature. This was controlled and varied using a silicone heater that was mounted under the 3D printer head. By tensile testing, we found that an increase in ambient temperature has a positive effect on the adhesion of the product layers.

U završnom radu, opisana su glavna svojstva koja određuju antenu. Objašnjeno je kako vrsta antene i njeni parametri utječu na njenu primjenu. Teorijski je obrađena podvrsta bikonusnih antena, bowtie antena. Također je simuliran model bowtie antene te su prokomentirani dobiveni rezultati i na temelju njih su iznijete njene prednosti i nedostatci, ovisno o svrsi u koju se koristi. In the final paper, the main properties that determine the antenna are described. It is explained how the type of antenna and its parameters affect its application. A subtype of biconical antennas, bowtie antennas, is theoretically treated. A bowtie antenna model was also simulated and the obtained results were commented on, and based on them, its advantages and disadvantages were presented, depending on the purpose for which it is used.

U ovom završnom radu obradit ćemo tematiku vezanu uz transformatore za mjerenje velike istosmjerne struje. Predstavit ćemo pojam same istosmjerne struje i mjernih transformatora te objasniti na koji način se pomoću transformatora mjeri istosmjerna struja. Obrazložit ćemo na kojem principu rade takvi transformatori i njihovu funkcionalnost. Zatim, usporedit ćemo i navesti različite izvedbe transformatora za mjerenje istosmjerne struje, a nakon toga navesti i njihove parametre te pogreške pri mjerenju. In this final paper, we will consider measuring transformers for a large direct current. We will introduce the concept of direct current itself and measuring transformers, and also explain how direct current is measured using transformers. We will explain the principle on which such transformers work and their functionality. Furthermore, we will compare and list different performances of transformers for measuring direct current, and then list their parameters and measurement errors

Jedro diplomske naloge je načrtovanje matematičnega modela litij-ionske baterijske celice, ki temelji na ekvivalentnem električnem nadomestnem vezju in kar najbolje odseva delovanje prave baterijske celice. Prav ta tip baterij je danes tehnološko najbolj dovršen in dosega zavidljive energijske gostote. Dober model baterije je potreben, saj omogoča nadzor nad optimalnim delovanjem celice v okviru tokovnih, napetostnih in temperaturnih omejitev. Z modelom želimo zajeti tako statične kot tudi dinamične lastnosti baterije. V splošnem nadomestno vezje baterijske celice sestavlja kombinacija idealnega napetostnega vira, členov z uporom in kondenzatorjem (RC-členi) in upor, ki predstavlja notranjo upornost baterije. Več RC-členov vključimo v vezje, natančnejši je model, vendar hkrati tudi zahtevnejši za analizo in parametrizacijo. Karakteristike baterije so izrazito nelinearne, zato izberemo takšen model, ki zagotavlja nek smiseln kompromis med zahtevnostjo in natančnostjo. Za določitev vrednosti elementov nadomestnega vezja in za končno verifikacijo modela opravimo vrsto meritev. Prav tako izpeljemo matematično ozadje za določitev parametrov nadomestnega vezja na podlagi meritev. Izhod modela najprej primerjamo z rezultati treh meritev, kjer celico obremenimo z tokovnimi stopnicami različnih amplitud, ki hkrati služijo za parametrizacijo modela. Nato preverimo, kako se model obnese ob neki naključni tokovni obremenitvi, s čimer verificiramo model. Na koncu model posplošimo na večji baterijski sklop, katerega sami izdelamo. Tekom dela naletimo na mnoge praktične in računske probleme, a kljub omejitvam z modelom dobimo zadovoljive rezultate. The thesis adresses a design of a mathematical model for a Li-ion battery cell, based on an equivalent electrical circuit that reflects the performance of a real battery cell as accurate as possible. Research into Li-ion battery type is of interest because it is currently the most technologically sophisticated in terms of the achieved energy densities. A good battery model is necessary because it allows us to control if the battery is operating within voltage, current and temperature constraints. We want the model to capture the static as well as dynamic properties of the battery. In general, the battery cell equivalent circuit consists of a combination of an ideal voltage source, resistor-capacitor circuits (RC circuits) and a resistor representing the internal resistance of the battery. Accuracy of the model improves by adding more RC circuits but that has negative impact on analyzing and parametrization procedure. Due to quite non-linear battery characteristics, we choose a model that has some reasonable trade-off between complexity and accuracy. In order to determine the values of the model's parameters and to verify the model, a series of measurements are performed. We also derive the mathematical background for model's parameters determination which includes the measurements results. The output of the model is first compared to the results of three measurements, where the cell is discharged with current steps of different amplitudes, which also serve to parameterise the model. We then look at model performance where the electrical current input changes randomly. Finally, we generalise the model to a larger battery pack that we build ourselves. Despite certain problems and limitations, the model provides satisfactory results.

U ovom radu opisan je postupak određivanja uzdužne impedancije 400 kV dalekovoda. Navedeni su i pojašnjeni parametri uzdužne impedancije, a to su jedinični djelatni otpor i jedinični induktivitet, te su ujedno prikazani stupovi koji se uobičajeno koriste u elektroenergetskoj mreži. Dani su detaljno opisani koraci proračuna kroz koji se prolazi prilikom određivanja uzdužne impedancije. Proveden je proračun na pet različitih primjera dalekovoda iste naponske razine te istog tipa Y-stupa. Prvi primjer je uzet kao referentni, dok su druga dva primjera mijenjali razmak između zaštitnih užadi i faznih vodiča, a u posljednja dva primjera promijenjeni su presjeci faznih vodiča. Uspoređeni su dobiveni rezultati te su utvrđene promjene koje se događaju u iznosu impedancije za direktni, inverzni i nulti slijed. Također je pri usporedbi rezultata pokazano da pri promijeni presjeka vodiča znatnije se mijenja djelatni otpor, dok induktivna reaktancija ostaje približno ista. U slučaju promijene razmaka je zaključeno da se induktivna reaktancija znatnije mijenja, a djelatni otpor ostaje približno jednak. This paper describes the procedure for determining the longitudinal impedance of a 400 kV transmission line. Longitudinal impedance parameters, which are unit of active resistance and unit of inductance, are listed and explained, as well as the pylons that are commonly used in the power grid. The steps of the calculation, which are necessary for determining the longitudinal impedance, are described in detail. The calculation was carried out on five different examples of transmission lines of the same voltage level and the same type of Y-pylon. The first example was taken as a reference, while in the second two examples the distance between the protective ropes and the phase conductors is changed, and in the last two examples, the cross-section of the phase conductors were changed. The obtained results were compared and the changes occurring in the result of impedance for positive, negative and zero sequence were determined. Also, when comparing the results, it is shown that when the cross-section of the conductor is changed, the effective resistance changes significantly, while the inductive reactance remains approximately the same. In the case of a change in distance, it is concluded that the inductive reactance changes significantly, while the active resistance remains approximately the same.

Increased exposure times to various health risk factors and the vulnerability of building users might result in significantly higher prevalence rates of sick building syndrome (SBS) in a hospital setting compared to other indoor environments. The purpose of our study was to assess the association between SBS symptoms and measured environmental parameters at a Slovenian general hospital. A combination of a self-assessment study and field measurements was conducted in order to estimate the health risk factors for SBS symptoms among the users of a Slovenian general hospital. The Chi-square test was used to analyse the association between observed health and environmental parameters. The response rate was 67.5%. A total of 12.0% of healthcare workers at hospital wards reported at least six SBS symptoms, 19.0% reported 2–3 SBS symptoms. At the observed hospital wards, the most deviations were recorded for the level of lighting (83.3%), noise level (73.6%), and room temperature (55.3%). A statistically significant association was found between indoor environmental quality and skin-related SBS symptoms (χ$^2$ = 0.009 p = 0.006). This information will be of great value in defining an integral strategy of environmental health activities aimed at healthier indoor environmental quality in hospitals.

V diplomskem delu sem prikazal varjenje komponent hidravličnega cilindra. Varili smo po postopku MIG/MAG z različnimi parametri ter različnim zaščitnim plinom. Natančneje smo opisali varjenje po postopku MAG, kemične in fizikalne lastnosti uporabljenih materialov in zaščitnih plinov. Na koordinatnem merilnem stroju smo izvedli meritve kotnosti ušesa glede na batnico ter okroglosti luknje. Izvedli smo računsko in vizualno kontrolo ter penetrantski in natezni preizkus. Iz zavarjenih zvarnih spojev smo izdelali makroobruse zvarov za pregled pod mikroskopom. V našem primeru se je izkazalo, da pri taki geometriji zvarnega mesta uho-batnica, ki je standardno, prej popusti uho kot zvar. Opazili smo spremembe v mikrostrukturi zvara med ročnem in mehaniziranem varjenju. The thesis presents welding of hydraulic cylinder components. The MIG/MAG welding was done using different welding parameters and different shielding gases were used. We described in detail the MAG welding process, chemical and physical properties of used materials and shielding gases. Measurements of the angularity of the rod end to the hard chrome plated bars and the roundness of the hole were measured on a coordinate measuring machine. We performed computational and visual inspections, as well as penetrant and tensile tests. Macro contours of the welds were produced from the welded joints for microscopic examination. In our case, it turned out that with this weld geometry, the rod end, which is standard, fails sooner than the weld. We observed changes in the weld microstructure during manual and mechanised welding.

Namen raziskave je bil preveriti vplive jezdečeve telesne mase, izkušenj in spola na odziv fizioloških, hematoloških in biokemijskih parametrov lipicanskega konja pred in po zmerni fizični aktivnosti. Za poskus smo uporabili 6 konj lipicanske pasme, ki sta jih v 30-minutnem delovnem testu (10 min korak, 10 min kas in 10 min galop) jezdila dva jezdeca različnih spolov, z različno telesno maso in z različnimi izkušnjami v dresurnem jahanju. Prvi jezdec (prvi delovni test) je bil moškega spola, z 21-letnimi izkušnjami v dresurnem jahanju in je predstavljal za konja 20 % obremenitev konjeve lastne telesne mase. Drugi jezdec (drugi delovni test) pa je bil ženskega spola, s 6-letnimi izkušnjami dresurnega jahanja in je za konja predstavljal 15 % obremenitev konjeve lastne telesne mase. Naši rezultati kažejo, da je prvi jezdec vplival na povišanje frekvence srca in koncentracijo laktata v krvi. Med ostalimi preiskovanimi parametri pa razlike med delovnima testoma niso bile dovolj velike, da bi bile statistično značilne, kljub temu, da smo pri večini preiskovanih parametrov opazili nekoliko višje vrednosti pod prvim jezdecem. Dokazali pa smo tudi, da zmerna fizična aktivnost poviša večino priskovanih parametrov. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rider's body weight, riding experience and sex on the response in physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters of the Lipizzan horse before and after moderate physical activity. For the experiment, 6 horses of Lipizzan breed were used, which were ridden in a 30-min work test (10 min walk, 10 min trot and 10 min canter) by two riders with different body weight, experience in dressage riding and gender. The first rider (first work test) was male, had 21 years of dressage riding experience, and represented a load of 20% of the horses' own body mass. The second rider (second working test) was female, with 6 years of dressage experience, and represented 15% of the horses' own body mass. Our results showed that the horses under the first rider had a significant increase in heart rate and blood lactate concentration. For other parameters analyzed, the differences between the working tests were not large enough to be statistically significant, although we observed slightly higher values under the first rider for most of the parameters analyzed. We also proved that moderate physical activity increased most of the analyzed parameters.

Kako otpadne vode sudjeluju u hidrološkom ciklusu, potrebno ih je nakon uporabe kanalizacijskom mrežom odvesti na pročišćavanje te vratiti pročišćene u okoliš jer čovjek svojim aktivnostima i upotrebom vode značajno može narušiti prirodnu ravnotežu ispustom nepročišćenih otpadnih voda u prirodno okruženje. U ovom diplomskom rada prikazano je pročišćavanje komunalne otpadne vode grada Virovitice i okolice te pojašnjenje rada pojednih dijelova uređaja. U uvodnom dijelu opisani su pojmovi važni za shvaćanje tematike otpadnih voda, a potom su pojašnjeni osnovni procesi i tehnologija biološkog pročišćavanja otpadnih voda koja se primjenjuje na uređajima za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda grada Virovitice, naselja Gornje Bazje, općine Lukač i općine Suhopolje. Kroz podatke dobivene laboratorijskim analizama kvalitete otpadne vode prije ulaska u sustav pročišćavanja otpadnih voda te nakon obrade prikazana je učinkovitost pročišćavanja otpadnih voda.

Europsko prvenstvo u nogometu (EURO) je međunarodno natjecanje pod okriljem UEFA-e koje se održava svake 4 godine. Iako natjecanje nije održano 2020. godine, kvalifikacije su u potpunosti održane prema unaprijed utvrđenom rasporedu. Planiranje i programiranje treninga je potrebno provoditi na temelju sveobuhvatne i konstantne analize sportaša, ali i samih utakmica. Ovakav tip analize omogućava nogometnim trenerima bolji uvid u situacije na nogometnim utakmicama i usmjerava koncentraciju u željene smjerove razvoja. Glavni cilj ovog rada je utvrditi postoji li statistički značajna razlika u pokazateljima situacijske efikasnosti s obzirom na plasman reprezentacije u grupi „E“ u kvalifikacijama za EURO 2020. godine. Uzorak entiteta u ovom istraživanju se sastoji od dvadeset utakmica koje su odigrale reprezentacije u grupi „E“ u kvalifikacijama za EURO 2020. godine. Uzorak varijabli koje su se koristile za potrebu ovog istraživanja su: udarci prema golu (UD), udarci u okvir (OK), udarci izvan okvira (IOK), napad - blokirani udarci (BU(N)), ukupan broj kornera (KOR), zaleđa (ZAL), posjed lopte (POS(%)), preciznost dodavanja (PRD(%)), broj dodavanja (UKD), broj točnih dodavanja (BTD), osvojena lopta (OL), uklizavanje (UKL), obrana – blokirani udarci (BU(O)), uklonjena opasnosti (UO), žuti kartoni (ŽK), crveni kartoni (CK) i počinjeni prekršaji (PP). Najbolji pokazatelj uspješne natjecateljske izvedbe, prema rezultatima dobivenim u ovom radu, se i dalje odnosi na broj upućenih udaraca prema suparničkom golu. Uspoređujući najuspješniju ekipu sa manje uspješnim ekipama promatrane kvalifikacijske grupe „E“ može se zaključiti da igra s većim postotkom posjeda lopte i ukupnim brojem dodavanja, ali i uspješno izvedenih dodavanja u konačnici dovodi do veće uspješnosti. Razvijanje segmenata igre koji pružaju najveće šanse za pobjedu bi se u ovom slučaju najviše odnosili na fazu igre u napadu te povećanje broja upućenih udaraca u smjeru protivničkog gola.

Zdravila imajo pomembno vlogo pri zdravljenju in preprečevanju bolezni, tako pri ljudeh kot pri živalih. V zadnjem času se v okolju nahaja vse več zdravil, ki lahko negativno vplivajo na okolje. Najdemo jih v površinskih vodah, kot so jezera in reke, pa tudi v podzemni vodi, zemlji in celo pitni vodi. Med zdravila, ki imajo močan vpliv na okolje, sodijo antibiotiki, antidepresivi, protivnetna zdravila in analgetiki, beta zaviralci, peroralni kontraceptivi in hormonska zdravila. Znanstveniki poskušajo najti načine za preprečevanje pojavljanja zdravil v okolju, na primer z izboljšanjem čiščenja odpadnih vod, s pravilnim odlaganjem neuporabljenih zdravil in z oblikovanjem okolju prijaznejših zdravil. Ena izmed okolju bolj prijaznih oblik so tudi tablete s prirejenim sproščanjem. Z okoljskega vidika je prednost tablet s prirejenim sproščanjem ta, da so zdravilne učinkovine optimalno dozirane, zato lahko doziramo manj zdravila in bo v okolje zato izločen manjši presežek zdravila, kar posledično vodi v manjše onesnaževanje okolja. V magistrskem delu smo z lasersko napravo izdelovali odprtine v oblogo tablet na osnovi osmotske črpalke (OROS), ki so ena izmed oblik zdravil s prirejenim sproščanjem, ter preučili parametre delovanja laserske naprave, ki lahko vplivajo na lastnosti vžgane odprtine. Pri izvedbi eksperimentalnega dela smo uporabili metodo eksperimentalnega načrta (DoE), ki je sistematičen pristop za optimizacijo vpliva procesnih parametrov na odziv preučevanega sistema – v našem primeru lastnosti vžgane odprtine. Z DoE smo preučevali več vhodnih procesnih parametrov hkrati in sočasno identificirali pomembne interakcije med parametri. Dobljene rezultate smo analizirali s programom Umetrics Modde. Ugotovili smo, da imata moč in hitrost premikanja žarka po obdelovani površini pomemben vpliv na dimenzije (premer in globina) vžgane odprtine ter da v preučevanem območju premer in globina odprtine ne vplivata na hitrost sproščanja učinkovine, ampak je to najverjetneje odvisno od topnosti zdravilne učinkovine in hitrosti nabrekanja polimerov. Raziskava fizikalnih procesov, na katere vplivamo s spreminjanjem parametrov delovanja laserske naprave pri vžiganju odprtin v tablete je bila onkraj dometa tega magistrskega dela in se je nismo lotevali. Je pa naknaden pregled vpliva posameznih parametrov na dimenzije vžganih odprtin potrdil intuitivno pričakovanje, da več kot je vložene energije v obdelavo odprtine, večje so odprtine. Z uporabo DoE smo tako pravzaprav optimizirali parametre dovajanja energije laserskega žarka za vžiganje odprtin primernih dimenzij v tablete. Pharmaceuticals play an important role in the treatment and prevention of disease, both in humans and animals. In recent years there are more and more pharmaceuticals emerging in the environment that can have negative effects on the environment. They are found in surface waters such as lakes and rivers, as well as in groundwater, soil and even drinking water. Pharmaceuticals that have a major environmental impact include antibiotics, antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics, beta-blockers, oral contraceptives and hormonal medicines. Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, for example by improving wastewater treatment, by proper waste management of pharmaceuticals, and by their advanced design and functions. One of the eco-friendlier forms of pharmaceuticals is the controlled drug delivery system. The advantage of this kind of system is that there is optimal dosage of the active substance, so less pharmaceuticals can be dosed and a smaller excess will be eliminated, which in turn leads to less environmental pollution. In this master's thesis, we evaluated laser used for creating aperture in OROS (osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system) tablet coating which is a form controlled drug delivery system and we studied laser device parameters that could affect the diameter and thickness of aperture. We used DoE method to conduct the experiments, which is a systematic approach for understanding the influence of process parameters on response - in our case, the properties of the drilled aperture. With DoE, we studied multiple input process parameters simultaneously and identified significant interactions between parameters. Obtained results were analysed using the Umetrics Modde program. We determined that the power and speed of the laser have a key influence on the dimensions (diameter and thickness) of the drilled aperture. We also determined that in the studied area, the diameter and thickness of the aperture do not affect the rate of release of the active substance and the release is most likely dependent on the solubility of the active substance and swelling rate of polymers. Subsequent review of the influence of individual parameters on the dimensions of drilled apertures confirmed the expectation that the more energy invested in the processing of the aperture, the larger the aperture. Using DoE, we actually optimized the parameters of the laser beam energy supply for drilling aperture of suitable dimensions into tablets.

MIG/MAG zavarivanje je elektrolučno zavarivanje taljivom elektrodom uz zaštitu aktivnih ili inertnih plina. MIG/MAG welding is flux electrode welding with the protection of active or inert gases. This procedure can be applied to a wide range of materials of different types and thicknesses. There are several methods of transferring metals. Short – circuit metal transfer is applied to the root of welds at thicker materials or to welding thinner sheets. The conveyance of metals by globular arc is applicable almost to all materials. Mixeed arc transfers of metals by globular and short – circuit occur in intervals. Pusled curve transmission is suitable for a wider range of material thickness and in all positions. For each of these transffers, certain parameters are required. The protective gases arising from this welding process are also of paramount importance since they protect the weld, but also the droplets of molten metal when passing through an electric arc. By using means of transmission of metals, specific gas, thickness and type of material, additional materials are thus applied. The Additional material may be filled, powder – filled or filled with metal. All these parameteres affect the weld itself. Is is therefore important to define the exact parameters in order to avoid undesired welding errors and errors in the weld that can be: cracks, penetration, porosity, glare and spraying. The stainless steels are specified and dividided according to microstrutures and chemical composition, they are described according to their mictrostructures and their weldability has been described.

S pojavom digitalizacije drastično se promijenio način na koji se snimaju, pohranjuju, emitiraju i prenose videozapisi. Osjetljivost analognih medija za pohranu i gubitak kvalitete tokom kopiranja stvara potrebu za jednostavnom i jeftinom potrošačkom metodom za konverziju osobnih analognih videozapisa u svrhu digitalnog očuvanja videozapisa. Na početku rada opisan je povijesni razvoj analognih i digitalnih videoformata. Uz to, obrađene su glavne karakteristike i mediji za pohranu. U radu je također detaljno opisan potrošački postupak konverzije analognog u digitalni videozapis pomoću Gembird USB videograbber-a i OBS-a (Open Broadcaster Software). Zatim se uspoređuje dobiveni digitalni videozapis s izvornim analognim, kako bi se s analizom osnovnih parametara ustanovila kvaliteta i isplativost ove metode konverzije. With the appearance of digitalization, the way videos are recorded, stored, and transmitted has changed drastically. The sensitivity of analog storage media and the loss of quality during copying creates the need for a simple and inexpensive consumer method for converting personal analog videos in order to digitally preserve videos. At the beginning of the paper, the historical development of analog and digital video formats is described. Also, the main characteristics and storage media are covered. The paper also describes in detail the consumer process of converting analog to digital video using Gembird USB videograbber and OBS (Open Broadcaster Software). The obtained digital video is then compared with the original analog, to establish the quality and cost-effectiveness of this conversion method by analyzing the basic parameters.

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je odrediti indeks ranjivosti zidanih zgrada na temelju procjene 11 parametara, koji se pojedinačno procjenjuju i razvrstavaju u skladu s uvjetima kvalitete od A (optimalno) do D (nepovoljno), poredanih po njihovoj relativnoj važnosti, u skladu s vrijednostima težine. Na osnovu dobivenog indeksa ranjivosti potrebno je odrediti stupanj ugroženosti odabranih građevina. Rezultati indeksa ranjivosti su prikazani na primjeru dvadeset odabranih zidanih zgrada u razdoblju izgradnje od 1949. godine do danas, te su isti rezultati međusobno uspoređeni. U ovoj metodi su se prikupljali podaci o parametrima objekta koji utječu na njegovu ranjivost (nacrt, visina, tip temelja, konstrukcijski i nekonstrukcijski elementi, vrstu i kvalitetu. Nakon prikupljenih podataka o parametrima objekta pristupilo se proračunu indeksa ranjivosti. Indeks ranjivosti se kreće u rasponu od 0 do 438.75, ali općenito se normalizira od 0 do 100, gdje 0 predstavlja najmanje ugrožene zgrade i 100 najugroženije zgrade., The aim of this thesis is to determine the index of masonry buildings based on an assessment of 11 parameters, which are individually assessed and classified according to quality conditions from A (optimal) to D (unfavorable), sorted by their relative importance, according to weight values. Based on the obtained vulnerability index, it is necessary to determine the degree of endangerment of selected buildings. The results of the vulnerability index are presented on the example of twenty selected masonry buildings built in the construction period from 1949 to the present, and the same results are compared with each other. In this method, data on the parameters of the object that affect its vulnerability were collected (design, height, type of foundation, structural and non-structural elements, type and quality. After collecting data on the parameters of the object, the vulnerability index was calculated. The vulnerability index ranges from 0 to 438.75, but generally normalizes from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the least endangered buildings and the 100 most.

Svet se srečuje s čedalje hujšim pomanjkanjem vodnih virov. Ob tej problematiki znanstveniki iščejo rešitve, kako čim več vode prihraniti in predvsem kako ponovno uporabiti vodo. Eden izmed najbolj efektivnih načinov ponovne uporabe vode je čiščenje odpadne vode s pomočjo komunalnih čistilnih naprav. V diplomski nalogi sem preučevala učinkovitost infiltracijske male komunalne čistilne naprave in uporabo očiščene vode v kmetijstvu. Omenjena čistilna naprava čisti odpadno vodo iz stanovanjskega objekta. Ta se nato uporablja za namakanje bližnjega nogometnega igrišča. V prihodnosti bi se lahko voda uporabljala za zalivanje drevesnic, zelenic in okrasnih cvetic in s tem prispevala k varčevanju vode na lokalni ravni. V diplomski nalogi sem raziskala trenutno stanje voda po svetu, direktive, zakonodajo in uredbe o odpadni vodi, ponovni uporabi vode v kmetijstvu in čiščenju odpadne vode po svetu, v Evropi in v Sloveniji. Pregledala sem aktualne parametre, ki se merijo v odpadni vodi in njihove mejne vrednosti izpred nekaj let in danes. V raziskovalnem delu diplomske naloge sem opravila vzorčenje na infiltracijski mali komunalni čistilni napravi. Učinek čiščenja naprave sem spremljala s parametroma raztopljene snovi in vsebnosti klorida. The world is facing a growing shortage of water resources. With this problem, scientists are searching for solutions that would help us save as much water as possible and, above all, how to reuse water. One of the most effective ways to reuse water is to treat wastewater using municipal wastewater treatment plants. In my diploma thesis, I studied the efficiency of an infiltration small municipal wastewater treatment plant and the use of treated water in agriculture. The aforementioned treatment plant treats wastewater from a residential building. Then it is used for irrigating a nearby football field. In the future, that water could be used to water agricultural areas and lawns, thus contributing to water conservation at the local level. In the thesis I summarized the current state of water in the world, directives, legislation and regulation on wastewater, water reuse in agriculture and wastewater treatment worldwide, in Europe and in Slovenia. I reviewed the current parameters measured in wastewater and their limit values from a few years back and up till today. In the research part of my work, I sampled wastewater at a small infiltration municipal wastewater treatment plant. The effecting of the treatment was monitored by measurement of dissolved solids and chloride content.

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je odrediti indeks ranjivosti zidanih zgrada na temelju procjene 11 parametara, koji se pojedinačno procjenjuju i razvrstavaju u skladu s uvjetima kvalitete od A (optimalno) do D (nepovoljno), poredanih po njihovoj relativnoj važnosti, u skladu s vrijednostima težine. Na osnovu dobivenog indeksa ranjivosti potrebno je odrediti stupanj ugroženosti odabranih građevina. Rezultati indeksa ranjivosti su prikazani na primjeru dvadeset odabranih zidanih zgrada u razdoblju izgradnje od 1949. godine do danas, te su isti rezultati međusobno uspoređeni. U ovoj metodi su se prikupljali podaci o parametrima objekta koji utječu na njegovu ranjivost (nacrt, visina, tip temelja, konstrukcijski i nekonstrukcijski elementi, vrstu i kvalitetu. Nakon prikupljenih podataka o parametrima objekta pristupilo se proračunu indeksa ranjivosti. Indeks ranjivosti se kreće u rasponu od 0 do 438.75, ali općenito se normalizira od 0 do 100, gdje 0 predstavlja najmanje ugrožene zgrade i 100 najugroženije zgrade. The aim of this thesis is to determine the index of masonry buildings based on an assessment of 11 parameters, which are individually assessed and classified according to quality conditions from A (optimal) to D (unfavorable), sorted by their relative importance, according to weight values. Based on the obtained vulnerability index, it is necessary to determine the degree of endangerment of selected buildings. The results of the vulnerability index are presented on the example of twenty selected masonry buildings built in the construction period from 1949 to the present, and the same results are compared with each other. In this method, data on the parameters of the object that affect its vulnerability were collected (design, height, type of foundation, structural and non-structural elements, type and quality. After collecting data on the parameters of the object, the vulnerability index was calculated. The vulnerability index ranges from 0 to 438.75, but generally normalizes from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the least endangered buildings and the 100 most.

Implementacija kratkotrajne predikcije razine glukoze u krvi ima višestruke prednosti, a najvažnija je održavanje razine glukoze u krvi u granicama normale. Konstantna razina glukoze u krvi koja je veća ili manja od poželjne može dovesti do brojnih zdrastvenih kompikacija. U ovome radu pobliže je opisan mehanizam kruženja glukoze u organizmu i problemi koji nastaju odstupanjem od tih procesa. Osim toga, opisani su adaptivni modeli i njihove primjene s naglaskom na primjenu kod predikcije razine glukoze u krvi. Opisan adaptivni model prilagođava se pojedinačno svakom korisniku optimizacijom pojedinih parametara, a analiza promjene tih parametara u vremenu glavna je tema ovog rada. The most important of many advantages of implementing a short-term prediction of blood glucose levels is to keep blood glucose levels within normal limits. Constant high or low blood glucose levels can lead to a number of health complications. This paper describes the mechanism of glucose circulation in the body. Furthermore, adaptive models and their applications are described, with emphasis on application in the prediction of blood glucose levels. The described model is adapted to each user by optimizing individual parameters, and the analysis of changes in these parameters over time is the main topic of this paper.

Osnovni uvjet za pravilno prometno-tehničko projektiranje Shared space prostora je pravilna primjena urbanih i infrastrukturnih elemenata i zadovoljavanje parametara za tehničko projektiranje prostora kao rezultat sigurnosne analize primjenom metode konflikata. Ovim magistarskim radom obuhvatit će se sigurnosna analiza primjenom metode konflikata u svrhu pravilnog prometno – tehničkog projektiranja. Sigurnosna analiza sastojat će se od analize specifičnih konflikata korisnika Shared space-a i ozbiljnosti njihovih međusobnih sukoba. Ozbiljnost sukoba ponajviše ovisi o kretanju i ponašanju korisnika. Navedenom analizom ustvrdit će se konfliktne površine i konfliktne točke. Na temelju rezultata određuje se pravilni odabir projektno – tehničkih elemenata u svrhu smanjenja konfliktnih površina i smanjenju ozbiljnosti sukoba. Kroz praktični dio primijenit će se prometno sigurnosna analiza primjenom metode konflikata, analiza kretanja i ponašanja korisnika te analiza ozbiljnosti sukoba. Praktični primjer ovog magistarskog rada bit će rekonstrukcija Vojašniške ulice u Shared space prostor. Karakteristika Vojašniške ulice je neposredna blizina trga i ugostiteljskih sadržaja s jedne strane te šetnica s druge strane. Atraktivnost prostora privlači mnogobrojne posjetitelje različite životne dobi te njihove potrebe. Upravo ta različitost potreba dovodi do učestalih prijelaza pješaka i biciklista na nepredviđenim prijelazima. Navedeno čini predmetnu lokaciju mjestom za opravdanu primjenu Shared space prostora. Basic conditions for proper traffic-technical design Shared space is correctly applied urban and infrastructural elements and meets the parameters for technical design of space as a result of safety analyzes of appropriate methods of conflict. This master 's thesis will cover safety analysis by applying conflict methods for the purpose of proper traffic - technical design. The security analysis will consist of an analysis of the specific conflicts of Shared space users and the severity of interrelated conflicts. The severity of the conflict mostly depends on the movement and behavior of the users. This analysis will identify conflicting areas and points of conflict. Based on the results, the correct choice of project - technical elements in reducing conflict areas and reducing the severity of conflicts is determined. Through the practical part, they will apply traffic safety analysis of appropriate conflict methods, analysis of movement and inspection of users, and analysis of serious conflicts. A practical example of this master's thesis will be the reconstruction of Vojašniška Street into a Shared Space. The characteristic of Vojašniška Street is the immediate vicinity of the square and catering facilities on one side and the promenade on the other. The attractiveness of the space attracts many visitors of different living gets their needs. It is this diversity of needs that leads to frequent crossings of pedestrians and cyclists at unforeseen crossings. The above is the subject of this place to justify the example of Shared space.

Konvolucijske neuronske mreže su model koji se često koristi u strojnom učenju zbog svoje prilagodljivosti. Kako bi se mreža dobro prilagodila određenom problemu potrebno optimizirati kombinaciju niza parametara koji će utjecati na sposobnost generalizacije i brzinu učenja. U ovom radu predstavljeni su metode koje se mogu koristiti i parametri koji se mogu namještati za vrijeme optimizacije neuronske mreže. Dodatno odrađena je optimizacija nad kombinacijama parametara te je analiziran krajnji rezultat pomoću vremenskih i kutijastih grafova. Convolutional neural networks are often used model in machine learning because of their adaptability. To make a network adapt to a certain problem, it is necessary to optimize the combination of a number of parameters which will affect the network's ability to generalize and its learning speed. This thesis presents various methods that can be used and parameters that can be adjusted during the optimization of the network. It also perfoms optimization and analyzes the end result using accuracy-time and box plots.

V uvodnem teoretičnem delu je najprej podan pregled osnov projektiranja železniške infrastrukture. Navedeni so predpisi in standardi, ki nas usmerjajo in nam omogočajo kvalitetno projektiranje. V posamezni fazi izdelave projektne dokumentacije definiramo obseg in podrobnost izdelave projekta. Projektne informacije so bistvo drugega sklopa teoretičnega dela. Podan je pregled ključnih informacij, ki se dopolnjujejo skozi celoten življenjski cikel železniške infrastrukture od načrtovanja do obratovanja in vzdrževanja. V nadaljevanju obravnavamo osnovne koncepte BIM, definicije, standardizacijo in razvoj skozi čas. Podrobneje definiramo pomen pristopa BIM v železniški infrastrukturi, raziščemo njegove prednosti in koristi pri uporabi in hkrati spoznamo izzive, ki nas še čakajo pri popolni implementaciji BIM-a v prakso. Poseben poudarek je na razvoju standardizacije za izmenjavo podatkov v železniški infrastrukturi. Pridobljeno teoretično znanje uporabimo pri izdelavi informacijskega modela nadgradnje železniškega odseka Brezovica–Preserje. Za projekt najprej zberemo informacije za posnetek stanja, nadaljujemo s projektiranjem horizontalnega in vertikalnega poteka osi ter ureditvijo prečnih profilov. Sledi izdelava 3D modela projektiranega železniškega telesa (zgornji in spodnji ustroj) ter ostalih modelov in njihovih elementov (protihrupna ograja, odvodnjavanje, vozna mreža, peroni), ki skupaj tvorijo celoto. Definiramo atribute, jih pripišemo elementom in posamezne modele izvozimo v IFC. Z uporabo programa Navisworks združimo modele v zbirni model ter mu dodamo komponento časa ter stroškov (5D model). Na koncu naredimo tudi vizualizacijo projektiranega stanja v prostoru s programom Infraworks. The first theoretical part of the master's thesis deals with the railway infrastructure design basics. We are discovering the regulations and standards that guide and enable quality design. At each stage of the project documentation we define the scope and the detail of the project design. Project information is the essence of the second theoretical part. We searched for the key information that constantly complements throughout the whole life cycle of the railway infrastructure from its design to the operation and the maintenance at the end. In continuation we are introduced to the concept of BIM, its definition, standardisation and development through time. Further, we define the importance of the BIM approach in the railway infrastructure. We explore the advantages and benefits of using it and also the challenges at implementation of BIM into practice. The emphasis is placed on the development of standardisation for the railway infrastructure data exchange. The acquired theoretical knowledge is used in the information model making of the railway section Brezovica–Preserje project. We start the project by collecting the relevant data and information, continue with the horizontal and vertical alignment designing and finally arranging the cross sections. Further we create 3D model of designed railway track (super structure and substructure) and also all other models and their elements (noise barrier, drainage, railway electrification system, railway platform). Together they form the whole. We define attributes to the elements and export the individual models to IFC. Using Navisworks, we combine models into one main information model. We also add the time and costs (5D model) component. At the end we do the visualization of the designed project with Infraworks software.

Cilj ovog završnog rada je izraditi C# aplikaciju koja će pomoći osobama sa VLCAD deficitom s izraĉunom dnevnog unosa kalorija, masti, ugljikohidrata, bjelanĉevina i šećera. Na poĉetku rada je opisan VLCAD deficit i izazovi s kojima u svakodnevnom ţivotu susreću osobe oboljele od ove bolesti. Zatim je opisan naĉin rada aplikacije i njezine mogućnosti. Nadalje, ukratko su opisane tehnologije koje se koriste u izradi ove aplikacije. Potom je detaljno opisan kod pojedinih funkcionalnosti i sam postupak izrade baze podataka unutar koje se nalaze vrijednosti svih namirnica koje aplikacija koristi. The goal of this project was to develop an C# application which will help people with VLCAD deficiency calculate their daily intake of calories, fats, carbohydrates, proteins and sugars. At the beginning of the project is described the VLCAD deficit and what challenges people with this disease face in their daily lives. Then the application mode of work and its capabilities are described. Furthermore, the technologies used to create this application are briefly described. Then, the functionalities and the process of creating a database that contain the values of all the foods the application uses are described in detail

Črni ogljik (v nadaljevanju: ČO) je eden izmed glavnih onesnaževalcev zraka, ki prispeva tudi k pospešenem segrevanju ozračja. Prav zaradi tega je ČO v zadnjih letih postal glavna tematika številnih raziskav. V tej diplomski nalogi bodo predstavljeni zaključki in statistični podatki pregleda 188 znanstvenih študij in raziskav avtorjev z vsega sveta, ki so bile do sedaj narejene na področju raziskovanja ČO. Vse študije, uporabljene v tej nalogi, so bile pridobljene na spletni bazi Web of Science (v nadaljevanju: WoS) (»Web of Science Core Collection« [Clarivate Analytics], b.d.). Narejena je bila tabela, ki je vsebovala podatke o pregledanih člankih, prikazovala identificirane faktorje študije ter tako omogočila globok vpogled v raziskovanje ČO. Naslednji korak je vključeval statistično obdelavo in analizo zbranih podatkov s pomočjo dveh računalniških orodij, glavni cilj pa je bil ugotoviti, kako raziskovanje ČO variira in se razlikuje v različnih delih sveta, na različnih lokacijah izvajanja raziskav, v smislu korelacije ČO z okoljskimi izzivi oziroma s tematikami, ki so najbolj pogoste v okviru raziskovanja delcev ČO. Black carbon (v nadaljevanju: BC) is one of the most important and harmful pollutants which also contributes to expedited global warming. Because of its effect on the environment BC has been extensively researched in the latest years. This diploma will present statistical data and conclusions on reviewing 161 scientific researches on BC made thus far by authors from all over the globe. All articles used in this review were attained from an online data base Web of Science (WoS). An index table with information on reviewed articles was designed which enabled a deep insight into BC exploration while also indicating and addressing the identified characterisation factors of all articles. The next step included statistical analysis of the data with two different computer softwares with the aim of identifying variations on BC exploration in different world regions and on different locations, while also finding out correlations with environmental challenges and topics discussed within BC particles exploration.

Līdzās datorgrafikas attīstībai arī kino un datorspēļu industrija attīstījušas tālu uz priekšu. Tehnoloģijas mainās un atjaunojas tik strauji, ka pieprasījums pēc kvalitatīvākiem un plašākiem ainavu reljefiem nekad nezūd. Manuāla zīmēšana būtu milzīga laiks un naudas patēriņš. Jau 20.gs. 80. gados, speciālisti izveidojuši reljefa ģenerēšanas algoritmus, kuru uzdevums ir apvidus atveidošana pēc iespējas tuvāk dabā esošajiem reljefa paraugiem. Mūsdienās pastāv jau vairākas reljefa ģenerēšanas programmas, tomēr tās ir dārgas un izvirza augstas prasības datora veiktspējai. Tas nozīmē, ka šādu programmatūru nespēj izmantot ikviens datorgrafikā ieinteresētais. Šo problēmu varētu atrisināt vienkāršota programmatūra, kas izpilda bāzes reljefa ģenerēšanas un apstrādes funkcijas, un ir minimāli atkarīga no datora resursu veiktspējas. Lai panāktu šo mērķi, jāizpēta reljefa ģenerēšanas pamata algoritms un jānoskaidro tās vadības un uzlabošanas iespējas. Izpētot pasaulē pazīstamas metodes, autors secināja, ka starp visiem algoritmiem visbiežāk priekšroku dod Diamond-Square algoritmam. Tas ģenerē augstumu karti, ko teorētiski var noregulēt ar parametriem un pārvērst par praksē lietojamu apvidus karti. Šī darba ietvaros tiek apskatītas Diamond-Square algoritma parametrizācijas iespējas, lai lietotājs varētu pats vadīt šī algoritma izpildi atbilstoši savām vēlmēm, kā arī rezultāta uzlabošanas iespējas., With the development of computer graphics, cinema and gaming industries have also gone far ahead. Technologies are changing and renewing so fast that the demand for better and wider landscapes never decreases. Manual drawing is a significant waste of time and money. In 20th century 80's, specialists have developed terrain generation algorithms, whose task is to create the terrain as close as possible to the terrain samples in nature. Nowadays, there are lots of terrain generation programmes, which are very expensive and have high demands on computer performance. That means not everyone interested in computer graphics can use them. This problem could be solved by the simplified programme, which would have basic terrrain generation and processing functionality and would not be dependent on computer resources a lot. In order to achieve that, basic terrain generation algorithms should be analized, and possibilities of its management and improvement should be found. By studying most common methods, author concluded that Diamond-Square algorithm is the most common one. It generates heightmap, which potencially is configurable with parameters, and it can be transformed to a usable terrain map. As part of this work, Diamond-Square algorithm parametrization opportunities have been reviewed, so that user could control it, as well as algorithm enhancement opportunities.

The length–weight relationship parameters are reported for the fifty littoral and coastal marine fish species from the Eastern Adriatic. Captures were made between the years 2004 and 2017 during sport fishing competitions. The parameters a and b of the equation W = aLb were estimated. The b values ranged from 2.1972 for Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) to 3.7044 for Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810). The L-W relation for Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Gobius bucchichi Steindachner 1870, Gobius geniporus Valenciennes 1837 and Lipophrys trigloides (Valenciennes, 1836) are not available in FishBase and presents new data for these species. For some other species, such as Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758, there are only two relationships, but none from the Mediterranean, for Gobius paganellus Linnaeus 1758 only four relationships and none from Central and Eastern Mediterranean, while for Labrus merula Linnaeus 1758, Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758), Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810), Gobius cobitis Pallas 1814, Gobius cruentatus Gmelin 1789, Gobius niger Linnaeus 1758, Parablennius gatorugine (Linnaeus, 1758), Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814), Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810), and Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809) very low number of relationships are presented and none from the Adriatic Sea., Parametri dužinsko-masenog odnosa su prijavljeni za 50 litoralnih i obalnih rba iz istočnog Jadrana. Svi primjerci su ulovljeni u periodu 2004-2017 za vrijeme natjecanja u sportskom ribolovu. Parameteri a i b od jednadžbe W = aLb su prezentirani. Vrijednosti b parametra su varirale od2.1972za Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) do3.7044 za Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810). Dužinsko-maseni odnosi za Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Gobius bucchichi Steindachner 1870, Gobius geniporus Valenciennes 1837 i Lipophrys trigloides (Valenciennes, 1836) dosad nisu bili dostupni u FishBase. Za neke druge vrste, primjerice Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758, postoje samo dva prijavljena odnosa, pri čemu niti jedan nije iz Mediterana, za Gobius paganellus Linnaeus 1758 postoje samo 4 odnosa i nijedan iz središnjeg i istočnog Mediterana, dok za Labrus merula Linnaeus 1758, Sym-phodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758), Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810), Gobius cobitis Pallas 1814, Gobius cruentatus Gmelin 1789, Gobius niger Linnaeus 1758, Parablennius gatorugine (Linnaeus, 1758), Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814), Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810) i Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809) postoji veoma mali broj dužinsko-masenih odnosa, pri čemu niti jedan nije prijavljen za Jadransko more, osim za T. radiates.

Program koji je napravljen u Matlab okruženju razvijen s ciljem bržeg i preciznijeg filtriranja EKG signala radi lakšeg očitavanja i detekcije pogreške na signalu. Za korištenje aplikacije potrebno je pokrenuti program te slijediti upute koje su postavljene korisniku u Command Window-u. Program je napravljen kako bi korisniku bilo jednostavnije unijeti podatke. Nakon odabira parametara korisnik može očitati s grafa sve potrebne parametre za daljnju statistiku. A software developed in Matlab enviroment is designed to filter ECG signals faster and more accurately for easier signal reading and detection. It is necessary to run the program and follow the instructions given to the user in Command Window to use the application. The program is designed for user to facilitate information input. After selecting the parameters, the user can read from the graph all the necessary parameters for further statistics

Tema završnog rada je mjerenje parametara kvalitete električne energije i analiza istih prema odredbama Mrežnih pravila. Mjerenje je izvršeno u transformatorskoj stanici 110/35 kV Osijek 1 na sučelju prijenosne i distribucijske mreže. Mjerenje je izvršeno na naponskoj razini od 35kV. Zbog opasnosti od visokog napona mjerenje je izvršeno preko mjernih transformatora u mjernom ormaru. Mjerenje je trajalo tjedan dana odnosno 1008 desetominutnih perioda. Uređaj koji je korišten za mjerenje naziva se PowerExplorer 5 kojega je proizvela tvrtka DRANTZ – BMI. Ima četiri strujne i četiri naponske grane, a upravlja se preko “touch” tehnologije. Postavljen je za rad prema normi EN50160 koja zahtijeva da su postavljeni parametri unutar granica u 95% vremena. Spoj uređaja za mjerenje bio je izveden s tri voda, preko kojih smo motrili napone svake faze zasebno i pomoću troje strujnih kliješta s kojima smo mjerili struje po fazama. Također smo koristili dodatni vod kojim smo mjerili napon uzemljenja. Parametri koji se mjere i prate su: mrežna frekvencija, nazivni napon, promjene napona, dugotrajni i kratkotrajni flikeri, treperenje napona, propadi napona, privremeni mrežni prenaponi, impulsni prenaponi, nesimetrija napona, naponi viših harmonica, naponi međuharmonika i signalni naponi. Granice parametara određene su Mrežnim pravilima elektroenergetskog sustava. Radi toga što su svi parametri zadovoljili normu možemo reći da je kvaliteta električne energije na visokoj razini. The topic of the final paper is the measurement of electricity quality parameters and their analysis according to the provisions of the Network Rules. The measurement was carried out at the 110/35 kV Osijek 1 transformer station at the interface of the transmission and distribution network. The measurement was carried out at a voltage level of 35kV. Due to the danger of high voltage, the measurement was performed via the measuring transformers in the measuring cabinet. The measurement lasted one week or 1008 ten-minute periods. The device used for the measurement is called the PowerExplorer 5 manufactured by DRANTZ - BMI. It has four power and four voltage branches and is controlled via touch technology. It is set up to operate according to EN50160 which requires that the parameters are set within limits 95% of the time. The connection of the measuring device was made with three lines, through which we monitored the voltages of each phase separately and using three current pliers with which we measured the currents by phase. We also used an additional line to measure the ground voltage. The parameters to be measured and monitored are: network frequency, rated voltage, voltage changes, long-term and short-term flicker, voltage flicker, voltage failures, temporary network surges, impulse surges, voltage asymmetry, higher harmonic voltages, interharmonic voltages and signal voltages. The parameter limits are determined by the Network Rules of the Power System. Because all the parameters have met the norm, we can say that the quality of electricity is at a high level.

U uvodnom dijelu ovog rada objašnjava se način na koji se računa stopa rasta populacije. Stopa rasta sastoji se od više parametara: mortaliteta, nataliteta i migracije. Mortalitet i natalitet su neizostavan parametar svih modela za prognozu populacije, no migracija također značajno utječe na rast populacije te je stoga jako važan parametar koji bi se trebao uzimati u obzir. Svaki model je implementiran u C# i simuliran za neki grad pripadajućim grafom. U daljnjem tekstu rada se opisuje diskretni model rasta populacije. Kako bi projekcija populacije bila točnija, koristi se diskretni model s dobnom razdiobom. Nadalje se govori o tome kako je eksponencijalni rast populacije neodrživ zbog čega se često ograničava na logistički rast. Na kraju se u radu govori i o osnovama Lotkinog modela. In the introductory part of this thesis there is an explanation on how to calculate a growth rate of the population. Growth rate consists of multiple parameters: mortality, natality and migration. Mortality and natality are unavoidable parameters which are used in every single population projection model. Migration also affects population growth a lot and should be included in every model. Every model is programmed in C# and simulated later on. In this thesis there is also an explanation of the discrete model. Discrete model with an age distribution is used for projections that are more precise. Later on is mentioned exponential growth model which is unsustainable due to lack of resources. That is why its growth is often limited to logistic growth. It also mentions the basic principles of Lotka's model.

V zaključni nalogi smo obravnavali 3D tisk čokolade. Cilj naloge je bil s pomočjo ekstruderja za čokolado L3D določiti parametre, ki pomembno vplivajo na kakovost 3D tiska. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljen 3D tisk, podrobneje pa je razloženo 3D tiskanje živil. V eksperimentalnem delu smo najprej izdelali držalo za ekstruder, da smo le tega lahko pritrdili na 3D tiskalnik. Skozi eksperiment smo preizkušali 3 različne čokolade ter ugotavljali kateri parametri bistveno pripomorejo h kakovostnem 3D tisku. Poleg samih parametrov tiska smo ugotavljali tudi katere so tiste sestavine v čokoladi, ki vplivajo na kakovost 3D tiska. Ugotovili smo, da je lažje tiskati s čokolado, ki ima več kakavovega masla. Takšna čokolada se namreč hitreje strdi. V našem primeru se je kot najprimernejša za 3D tisk izkazala čokoladna glazura Dr. Oetker. In our final project, we studied 3D print of chocolate. The goal of our project was to determine the parameters, which significantly affect the quality of 3D print, with the help of the extruder for chocolate L3D. In the theoretical part, we first introduced 3D print, and then explained printing of food separately and in more detail. In experimental part, we first produced the holder for extruder, so we could attach it to the 3D printer. During the experiment, we tested three different types of chocolate, and tried to determine which parameters significantly contribute to the quality of the 3D print. Besides those parameters, we also tried to determine which of the chocolate ingredients affect the quality of the 3D print. We found it easier to print with chocolate that has more cocoa butter, because such chocolate hardens faster. In our case, chocolate frosting by Dr. Oetker proved to be the most suitable for 3D printing.

V zaključni nalogi je obravnavan postopek izdelave termoplastičnega izdelka s postopkom injekcijskega brizganja, pri čemer je poudarek in predmet obravnave v nalogi izračun in določitev ustreznih in optimalnih parametrov brizganja. Na podlagi prejetih tehničnih specifikacij naročnika je bilo izvedeno brizganje izdelka iz PBT polimera z različnimi parametri, to je s spreminjanjem hitrosti ter upoštevanjem preklopnega in naknadnega tlaka. Tehnološki preizkus smo za naročen izdelek s strani naročnika izvedli z ustreznim orodjem, ki je bil za ta namen izdelan v podjetju. Na podlagi preizkusa smo podali ugotovitve, katere je podjetje upoštevalo pred samim začetkom proizvodnje izdelka. The final project paper discusses the production procedure of a thermoplastic product with injection molding. The emphasis of the paper is on the calculation and determination of suitable and optimal molding parameters, which is also the subject under discussion. On the basis of technical specifications obtained from a client, a PBT polymer product was moulded with various parameters, i.e. by changing speed, and taking into account the switch-over and holding pressures. A suitable tool made by the company for this purpose was used to carry out the technological test of the product ordered by our client. Based on the test, we provided our findings which were taken into account by the company before the production of the product commenced.

V letalski industriji se čedalje bolj uporabljo polimeri, ojačani z ogljikovimi vlakni(CFRP). CFRP kompoziti omogočajo izdelavo kompleksnih oblik, kar bistveno zmanjša število komponent in skupno težo, obenem pa omogočajo večjo trdnost izdelkov v primerjavi s konvencionalnimi materiali. Velika trdnost in heterogenost materiala predstavljata težave pri kontaktnem odrezovanju. Do težav pa prihaja tudi pri brezkontaktnem laserskem preoblikovanju. Epoksidna smola služi kot vezivo karbonskim vlaknom in je delno prosojna tako v vidnem kot v infrardečem spektru, kar povzroča slabo absortivnost laserske svetlobe. Preučili smo osnovne mehanizme laserske ablacije in preizkusili tezo o vmešavanju barvil epoksidni smoli za namene povečanja absorcije laserske svetlobe. S pomočjo podobne literature ter s sistemskim pristopom preizkušanja smo proučili tezo. Uporabili smo večino komercialno dostopnih barvil različnih panog ter tudi nekaj namensko razvitih pigmentov, namenjenih izključno laserskemu označevanju. Ugotovili smo, da barvila nekoliko izboljšajo rezalne lastnosti same epoksidne smole. Na obdelavo CFRP-jev je bistveno bolj kot obarvana epoksidna smola vplivala strategija rezov. Najučinkovitejše je odrezovanje z graviranjem, ki je sestavljeno iz kratkih prehodov rezanja pod kotom +-45◦. Ugotovili smo tudi pomembnost parametra ”prehod vrst”, ki narekuje zaporedje prehajanja vzorca graviranja. Rezultati potrjujejo tezo o povečanju absortivnosti obarvane epoksidne smole. Najpomembnejša ugotovitev je načrtno vodenje laserskega snopa za izboljšane rezalnih lastnosti CFRP materialov. In the aeronautical industry, carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are increasingly used. CFRP composites enable the production of complex shapes, which leads to reduced number of required components, lower total weight and enables higher stength of the products comparing to the conventional materials. Great strength and the heterogeneity of the material present problems in contact machining. Problems also occur in non-contact laser processing. The epoxy resin serves as a binder for carbon fibers and is partially transparent in both the visible and the infrared spectrum, causing causing low absorption of laser light. We examined the basic mechanisms of laser ablation and tested the thesis about the dyeing of epoxy resins for the purpose of increasing the absorption of laser light. With the help of existing literature and by a systemativ experimental approach to the experiment, we examined the thesis. We used most of the commercially available dyes of various industries, as well as a few purpose-developed pigments exclusively dedicated to laser marking. We found that the dye slightly improve the cutting characteristics of the epoxy resin itself. Rather dyeing is significantly more important cutting patern. The most effective is engraving cuts, which consists of short cutting crossings at an angle of +- 45◦. We have found the importance of the parameter ''skip line'', which dictates the sequence of transitions of the sample engraving. The results confirm the thesis of increasing the absortiveness of the colored epoxy resin. The most important finding is the systematic management of the laser beam for improved cutting properties of CFRP materials.