783 results on '"papier"'
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2. ICT für das Vokabellernen
- Author
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Udaya, Muthyala, Reddy, Chada Ramamuni, Udaya, Muthyala, editor, and Reddy, Chada Ramamuni, editor
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- 2023
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3. CHARAKTERYSTYKA PAPIERU POWLECZONEGO OLEJKIEM ETERYCZNYM I OCENA JEGO ZASTOSOWANIA W PAKOWANIU MIĘSA WOŁOWEGO.
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CHABEREK, MARTA, GNIEWOSZ, MAŁGORZATA, POBIEGA, KATARZYNA, and RYBAK, KATARZYNA
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ESSENTIAL oils ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,OIL paint ,FOOD poisoning ,LISTERIA innocua ,RAW foods - Abstract
Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Looted Libraries and Legitimation Policies: Ptolemy, the Library of al-Arawšī and the Translation Movement in Toledo.
- Author
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Bellver, José
- Subjects
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MARGINALIA , *LIBRARIES , *COPYING , *TRANSLATING & interpreting , *FLAX , *CULTURAL transmission - Abstract
MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, is the only extant manuscript containing a complete copy of the Isḥāq/Ṯābit version of the Almagest. Paul Kunitzsch has underlined the close similarities between the marginal notes in the Tunis manuscript and those in Gerard of Cremona's Latin translation of the Almagest , so that Kunitzsch has concluded that Gerard of Cremona had a manuscript close to the Tunis manuscript before him during the revision of his translation of the Almagest. A note in MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, points out that this manuscript was copied from a model owned by al-Arawšī, a bibliophile living in Valencia famous for the size of his library, a significant part of which was looted by al-Maʾmūn b. Ḏī l-Nūn and sent to Toledo, arguably shortly before Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī wrote his Ṭabaqāt al-umam. Based on MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, the present contribution explores the significance of al-Arawšī's looted library as an important link between Umayyad Cordoba and Toledo. It also calls attention to the highly unusual paper of MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, made of woven fibers, maybe flax. Résumé: Le manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, est le seul manuscrit existant contenant une copie complète de la version d'Isḥāq/Ṯābit de l' Almageste. Paul Kunitzsch souligna les fortes similitudes entre les notes marginales du manuscrit de Tunis et celles de la traduction latine de l' Almageste par Gérard de Crémone, de sorte qu'il conclut que Gérard de Crémone avait devant lui un manuscrit proche du manuscrit de Tunis lors de la révision de sa traduction de l' Almageste. Une note dans le manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, signale que ce manuscrit a été copié d'après un modèle appartenant à al-Arawšī, un bibliophile vivant à Valence et célèbre pour la taille de sa bibliothèque, dont une importante partie fut pillée par al-Maʾmūn b. Ḏī l-Nūn et envoyée à Tolède, sans doute peu avant que Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī ne rédige ses Ṭabaqāt al-umam. S'appuyant sur le manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, la présente contribution explore l'importance de la bibliothèque pillée d'al-Arawšī comme lien essentiel entre la Cordoue omeyyade et Tolède. Elle porte également une attention particulière au papier très inhabituel du manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, fait de fibres tissées, peut-être du lin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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5. Experimental investigation and process optimization of the ultrasonic welding applied to papers.
- Author
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Charlier, Q., Viguié, J., Harthong, B., Toni, J.‐B., Terrien, M., Imbault, D., and Peyroux, R.
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PROCESS optimization , *WELDED joints , *ULTRASONIC welding , *MANUFACTURING processes , *SUPPLY & demand , *WELDABILITY - Abstract
Ultrasonic welding is a serious candidate in the development of methods to assemble papers and paperboards without using additional substances. However, the ultrasonic welding of papers remains a technological challenge considering the low weldability of lignocellulosic materials. This study aims to investigate on the ultrasonic welding process applied to papers in order to identify the processing conditions which favor the formation of strong welded joints. To reach such purpose, an experimental strategy was developed by combining the characterization of welded materials and the monitoring of process parameters. Experimentations were performed using a reference paper displaying a good weldability to specifically highlight the contribution of process parameters. Results indicate that the process is highly sensitive to vibration amplitude, power supplied by the high frequency generator, and sample thickness. Power seems to be a reliable indicator of the severity of the process. A strong decrease in the strength of the welded joints is observed when working with low thicknesses. It seems that the layers coated on top of papers are the main part of the material contributing in the development of adhesion at the welding joint. Overall, instrumenting the device has led to a better understanding of the ultrasonic welding of papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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6. Evidence of Fungal Spreading by the Grey Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudatum) in Austrian Museums.
- Author
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Querner, Pascal and Sterflinger, Katja
- Subjects
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GRAPHIC arts , *PAPER arts , *MUSEUMS , *ALTERNARIA , *MODERN art - Abstract
The grey silverfish Ctenolepisma longicaudatum is a new and serious pest spreading rapidly across Europe. Compared to the silverfish Lepisma saccharinum, it does not depend on relative humidity above 70% and thrives also in new museum buildings, modern storage depositories, apartments, and office buildings. Especially collections of graphic art, modern art on paper, photographs, but also archives and libraries are increasingly affected by this pest. Damage of paper objects has been reported by different authors and institutions across Europe. As these animals live in inaccessible cracks and crevices inside the buildings, we investigated the spread of microorganisms on living grey silverfish, to show a potential additional threat posed by this pest. In 8 locations in Austria living animals were collected with traps and placed for 10 min on agar plates which were incubated for 2 weeks. After incubation of 50 agar plates, between 2 and 20 colonies of fungi were growing on each plate. The most dominant fungal genera were Cladosporium (Cladosporium cladosporioides clade) and Penicillium (Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium decumbens); also, species of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Bartalinia, Byssochlamis, Chaetomium and Mycothypha were found. The diversity of fungi reflects the common fungal community of museums and archives. The spores and mycelial fragments of the fungi are obviously travelling on the legs and bodies of the silverfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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7. O desenho animado no papel, o grafismo do papel na animação: Naruto enquanto memórias e extensão poética na presentificação das técnicas e formas do desenho japonês.
- Author
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dos Santos Pereira, Isac and Carlos Magno, Maria Ignês
- Abstract
Copyright of Pós: Revista do Programa de POS-Graduacao Em Artes - EBA/UFMG is the property of Pos - Programa de Pos-graduacao em Artes (PPG-Artes) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Mediating the Tree: Infrastructures of Pulp and Paper Modernity in The Bowater Papers.
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Kaminska, Aleksandra and Ruiz, Rafico
- Subjects
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PAPER products , *BUILDING papers , *MEDIA studies , *COMMUNICATION , *MASS media - Abstract
Background: Through a close reading of the four issues of The Bowater Papers, this article aims to understand the rise of a paper modernity and to reinsert it--as material and infrastructure-- into media studies. Analysis: Producing wood paper is a strain on the landscape and the environment. The Bowater Papers showcases the histories and material possibilities of paper media products. A paper-dependent modernity can be understood as an infrastructural assemblage of harvesting, production, circulation, and consumption. Conclusion and implications: Paper calls for a natural history and geography of media. Thinking about the mediations from tree to paper through the encompassing notion of "xylomedia" is a way of articulating the intersection of the material, environmental, and infrastructural in media studies. Today is still a paper world, one that is also the age of lignin, package, and Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. Sandwichelemente mit Wellpappe als Kernmaterial.
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von der Heyden, Aaron and Lange, Jörg
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SANDWICH construction (Materials) , *WALL panels , *CORE materials , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *THERMAL conductivity - Abstract
Sandwich panels with a core of corrugated cardboard The goal of a research project of the Institute for Steel Construction and Materials Mechanics was to determine the utilization of corrugated cardboard as a core material for sandwich panels for roof and wall cladding. In contrast to common core materials, corrugated cardboard is recyclable and consists of renewable raw materials. The bearing behaviour depends mainly on the paper types and on the orientation of the anisotropic material inside the panel. The weakest orientation has similar stiffness and strength as common core materials. However, these can be exceeded many times by other core orientations. Investigations of the most important building physical parameters have shown that the fire behaviour is slightly better than that of most PU‐sandwich panels. The thermal conductivity in the weakest core orientation is comparable to that of mineral wool, the stronger core orientations show higher thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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10. Integration von Handlungsvorstellungen beim mentalen Papierfalten : eine Untersuchung der zugrundeliegenden Prozesse unter Zuhilfenahme des Paradigmas der mentalen Chronometrie
- Author
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Geiger, Manuela Birgit and Geiger, Manuela Birgit
- Abstract
B.Sc. Manuela Geiger, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023
- Published
- 2023
11. Papier maken van gras
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Didde, R. and Didde, R.
- Abstract
Nutteloos gras uit wegbermen en natuurgebieden zetten Wageningse onderzoekers om in grondstof voor papier en karton. Dat kan een impuls betekenen voor de lokale economie. ‘We sparen bomen in Scandinavië en het transport van papier naar Nederland wordt overbodig.’ In een proefruimte van ACCRES in Lelystad, de test- en ontwikkellocatie voor duurzame energie en groene grondstoffen van WUR, ruikt het lekker grassig. Met een zwaai gooit Kimberly Wevers onderzoeker bij Wageningen Plant Research een paar flinke armen bermgras op een lopende band. Een camera die is getraind met 15 duizend foto’s scant bliksemsnel op ongerechtigheden als blikjes of landbouwplastic. ‘We hebben ook al eens een onderbroek gevonden’, vertelt de biotechnologe. De vervuiling wordt door een opening van de band afgevoerd.
- Published
- 2023
12. Making paper from grass
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Didde, R. and Didde, R.
- Abstract
Wageningen researchers are turning worthless grass from verges and nature areas into the raw material for paper and cardboard. That could give a boost to the local economy. ‘This saves trees in Scandinavia as well as removing the need to transport pulp or paper to the Netherlands.’ There is a pleasant grassy smell in the test room of ACCRES in Lelystad, WUR’s trial and development location for sustainable energy and green raw materials. With a sweeping gesture, Kimberly Wevers, researcher at Wageningen Plant Research, chucks armfuls of verge grass onto a conveyor belt. A camera that has been trained using 15,000 photos carries out a rapid scan for foreign objects such as cans or agricultural plastic. ‘We even found a pair of underpants once,’ says the biotechnologist. The objects are discarded through a hole in the conveyor belt system.
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- 2023
13. 5 toepassingen voor de suikerbiet anders dan suiker
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Schröder, T. and Schröder, T.
- Abstract
Uit een suikerbiet wordt suiker gewonnen. Dat mag geen verrassing zijn. Maar het calorierijke gewas ontpopt zich inmiddels als biobased multi-talent: van huidcrèmes tot bakkersgist, van compostmiddel tot veevoer. Veel van wat ons omringt, wordt met bestanddelen uit bieten gemaakt of kan ervan gemaakt worden.
- Published
- 2023
14. waarde van reststromen: Marieke de Hoop (Papierlab Rotterdam)
- Abstract
In het glastuinbouwcluster vinden veel initiatieven plaats op het gebied van biobased ondernemen. Die zijn vaak nog relatief onzichtbaar. 'De waarde van reststromen' is een serie interviews met ondernemers die reststromen en bijproducten gebruiken om nieuwe producten te maken. In deze eerste aflevering Marieke de Hoop, de ambachtelijk papiermaker van Papierlab Rotterdam. Marieke vertelt het verhaal over producten die gemaakt kunnen worden met papier van aspergeschillen.
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- 2023
15. Paper Instruments in Early African Economies and the Debated Role of the Suftaja.
- Author
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Lydon, Ghislaine
- Abstract
Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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16. «Réversibilités documentaires»: Les matérialités affectives du papier en histoire de l'Afrique (XIXe-XXe siècles).
- Author
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Nativel, Didier
- Abstract
Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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17. Une remédiatisation particulière : les Cités obscures de Schuiten-Peeters comme bande dessinée « élargie » ou « éclatée » ?
- Author
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Jan Baetens
- Subjects
multimédia ,papier ,multimedia ,livre ,book ,paper ,Urbicande ,post-digital ,post-numérique ,website ,General Medicine ,site web - Abstract
Le présent article traite des Cités obscures, la série bien connue développée par Benoît Peeters et François Schuiten entre 1982 et 2019, une période qui a vu l’émergence, puis l’institutionnalisation des médias numériques. Il se propose d’examiner la manière dont les auteurs ont donné forme aux sollicitations comme aux défis de la numérisation, tout en insistant sur les effets indirects de la révolution numérique sur une œuvre qui reste fortement attachée au livre. This essay deals with The Obscure Cities, a well-known series elaborated by Benoît Peeters and François Schuiten between 1982 and 2019, a period that witnessed the emergence and further institutionalization of digital media. It aims at examining the way in which the author have addressed both the possibilities and challenges of digitization, while also focusing on the indirect effects of the digital revolution on a series that demontrates a strong attachment to the materiality of the book.
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- 2022
18. Du livre à l’information : un tournant historiographique
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Jérôme Lamy, Johann Petitjean, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)
- Subjects
écrits ,papier ,manuscript ,communication ,paper ,manuscrit ,print ,General Medicine ,writing ,information ,matérialité ,imprimé ,History (General) and history of Europe ,news ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,materiality ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Les mondes de l’écrit connaissent un investissement historiographique important depuis trente ans. Cet article propose une synthèse de ces avancées. Il se concentre principalement sur trois débats contemporains. Le premier, qui est le plus ancien, concerne la dimension supposément « révolutionnaire » de l’impression, interrogeant à nouveaux frais cette rupture à la fois matérielle, sociale et cognitive. Le deuxième s’émancipe des perspectives classiques sur l’histoire de l’édition et vise à montrer comment l’histoire du livre imprimé d’abord et celle de la lecture ensuite ont posé les jalons de plusieurs changements de paradigme contribuant à faire émerger un intérêt croissant et fécond pour l’information : la société moderne a-t-elle été une société de l’information ? Les enquêtes sur la circulation des nouvelles et les infrastructures qui soutiennent de tels flux permettent de renseigner cette thèse et de décloisonner plusieurs domaines de la recherche historienne. Enfin, le troisième et dernier débat porte sur des matérialités scripturaires plus fines – des marqueurs les plus discrets de la pensée à la diversification des supports – dont l’étude permet de mieux comprendre la façon dont les écrits modernes se sont coulés dans les structures labiles d’une société grande consommatrice de renseignements, de correspondances, de libelles, de journaux, de livres, de feuilles et de feuillets divers, bref : de papier. Can the early modern society be understood as the first information society? The worlds of the written word have been considerably transformed historiographically in the last thirty years. This paper proposes a synthesis of the main advances in this field. It focuses mainly on three contemporaneous aspects, or debates. The first, which is the oldest, concerns the so-called 'revolutionary' dimension of printing, and questions in a new way this material, social and cognitive disruption. The second aspect departs from the classical perspectives on the history of publishing, and aims to show how the history of the printed book, first, and then that of reading, were based on successive paradigm shifts that have contributed to the growth of the interest in 'information'. Recent works on the dissemination of news and the information infrastructures that support these flows confirm the hypothesis of the emergence of a first information society during the early modern age. We will insist in particular on their methods, which invite to decompartmentalize in a profitable way several fields of historical research. The third and last debate concerns the finest scriptural materials, examined from the most discrete markers of thought as well as the process, modern, of progressive diversification of the supports during the period. Their study allows us to better understand the way in which early modern documents were included in the labile structures of a society great consumer of information under its various forms: handwritten or printed books, handwritten or printed newsheets, correspondences, etc.; a society great consumer of documents, and paper.
- Published
- 2021
19. REŠTA UROVANIE HISTORICKEJ KNIŽNEJ TLA ČE Z KONCA 16. STOROČIA „BLEBEL, THOMAS: DE SPAERA ET PRIMIS ASTRONOMIAE RUDIMENTIBUS LIBELLUS".
- Author
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NEBUSOVÁ, Lenka
- Abstract
The article is oriented to the preservation and restoration of rare literary press from parchment bookbinding, according to modern technological procedures. At the same time, the study provides an overview of basic restoration methods for historical books and their care recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Circulaire Biopolymeren Waardeketens
- Abstract
BERNN-partners en tien mkb's en grote bedrijven werken sinds mei 2018 aan het project Circulaire Biopolymeren Waardeketens voor PHA en cellulose. Samenwerking tussen de betrokken bedrijven en kennisinstellingen worden gestimuleerd met focus op het delen van kennis en informatie om duurzame en onderscheidende waardeketens te realiseren.
- Published
- 2022
21. Perspectieven voor valorisatie van op vezels gebaseerde reststromen
- Author
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Kamphorst, K., Zelfde, J. van 't, Tankink, R., Kamphorst, K., Zelfde, J. van 't, and Tankink, R.
- Abstract
In Nederland komt ongeveer 1 miljoen ton oud papier per jaar in afvalverbrandingsinstallaties (AVI’s) terecht omdat het niet wordt bron of nagescheiden. Dit is meer dan 15 % van het afval dat in Nederlandse AVI’s wordt verbrand. Hierdoor is het niet meer geschikt als grondstof voor de papierindustrie. Als deze hoeveelheid papier kan worden gebruikt als secundaire grondstof, dan is dit input voor de biobased economy en hoeft er minder materiaal te worden verbrand in AVI’s. In dit rapport is een verkenning uitgevoerd naar andere toepassingen voor papier en andere vezelstromen in het restafval, dat niet meer geschikt is voor toepassing in de papier/kartonproductie.
- Published
- 2022
22. EU-konform und dennoch verschweissbar
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Siegmann, Konstantin, Inauen, Jan, Winkler, Martin, Siegmann, Konstantin, Inauen, Jan, and Winkler, Martin
- Abstract
Die Recycelvorschriften der EU verlangen nach immer sortenreinerem Papierabfall. Papier wird in Lebensmittelverpackungen verwendet, wo es verschweisst werden muss. Um zwei Papierstreifen miteinander verschweissen zu können, müssen diese mit einem Fremdmaterial beschichtet sein. Das IMPE entwickelte zusammen mit der Firma Tanner & Co. AG eine neuartige Dispersionsbeschichtung für Papier, welche den Vorschriften der EU entspricht und dennoch verschweissbar ist.
- Published
- 2022
23. Verenigingsnieuws papieren Gierzwaluw blijft bestaan
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M. Menon, P. Kroon, M. Menon, and P. Kroon
- Published
- 2022
24. Identification of several sieves of Schuchardt-paper dated in the 1730s
- Author
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Lubkoll, Claudia
- Subjects
Schuchardt ,Johann Gottlob ,Papiermacher ,Papier ,Musikhandschrift ,Wasserzeichen ,Datierung ,Wasserzeichen, Papier, Musik, Dresden, Zelenka, Schuchardt ,watermarks, paper, music, Dresden, Zelenka, Schuchardt ,ddc:789.8 - Abstract
Johann Gottlob Schuchardt was papermaker at the Dresden papermill from 1717 until 1739. He made solid paper of good quality that musicians and composers like Zelenka and his contemporaries used very often. In the middle of the 1730s, there was a very special form of the writing „J G Schuchart“ noticeable in that watermark. By comparing the dated manuscripts with wide dated manuscripts, that have the same form of the writing „J G Schuchart“, we are now able to date more precisely. Besides, there is a very different looking Schuchardt-watermark, which only appeared from 1733 until 1739 as far as we know. Schuchardt seems to have made this paper in a short time, because there are only a few examples found, some in Dresden, one in Berlin (according to WZIS), but all of them appearing in the 1730s. In Zelenka’s lifetime paper was precious and rare, so it was mostly used within a very short time after it was produced. The sieves for hand papermaking were in use only 1 to at most 4 years. After that time they were wasted and damaged. These facts give us some good possibilities to date the paper precisely, as the examples of the paper will show. Johann Gottlob Schuchardt war von 1717 bis 1739 Papiermacher in der Dresdner Papiermühle. Er stellte solides Papier von guter Qualität für Musiker und Komponisten wie Zelenka und seine Zeitgenossen her, die es sehr häufig verwendeten. Mitte der 1730er Jahre findet sich eine spezielle Form der Schreibart „J G Schuchart“ im Wasserzeichen. Beim Vergleich von datierten Manuskripten mit nur in einem weiten Zeitraum datierten Manuskripten mit derselben Schreibart von „J G Schuchart“ sind wir nun in der Lage, viel genauer zu datieren. Des Weiteren existiert ein Schuchardt-Wasserzeichen, das sich sehr von dem oben genannten unterscheidet und nur zwischen 1733 und 1739 aufzutauchen scheint. Schuchardt muss dieses Papier in einer kurzen Zeitspanne hergestellt haben, denn all die wenigen Beispiele, die gefunden wurden (manche in Dresden, eines in Berlin, laut WZIS), tauchen nur in den 1730ern auf. Zu Zelenkas Lebzeiten war Papier ein wertvolles Gut, das für gewöhnlich innerhalb kürzester Zeit nach der Herstellung verbraucht wurde. Die Siebe für dieses Papierschöpfen hatten eine Lebensdauer von nur etwa ein bis höchstens vier Jahren. Nach dieser Zeit waren sie beschädigt und wurden zerstört. Diese Indizien ermöglichen es, Papier präzise zu datieren, wie der folgende Aufsatz zeigt.
- Published
- 2022
25. Vom Baum zum Buch
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Hake, Ulf, Hewing, Volker, Rupp, Renate, Scheer, August-Wilhelm, editor, Abolhassan, Ferri, editor, Kruppke, Helmut, editor, and Jost, Wolfram, editor
- Published
- 2004
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26. Reusable Plastic Crates vs. Single-Use Cardboard Boxes
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Albrecht, Stefan, Bertling, Jürgen, Fischer, Matthias, Gehring, Florian, Kabasci, Stephan, Prescher, Tim, and Schulte, Anna
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Umweltwirkungen ,Kunststoff ,Mehrweg ,Papier ,Steige ,Pappe ,Einweg ,Karton - Abstract
A.: Reusable plastic crates vs. single-use cardboard boxes-two packaging systems in competition, Oberhausen/Stuttgart 2022.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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27. Comparison of current packaging materials for shirts and blouses with alternative packaging concepts
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Tosic, Daniel
- Subjects
Recyclingfähige Verpackung ,Design for Recycling ,packaging components ,paper ,Verpackungsindustrie ,Papier ,blouse packaging ,Packmittelanalyse ,Kunststoffe ,Shirt packaging ,recyclable packaging ,Hemdenverpackung ,Bekleidungsindustrie ,packaging analysis ,Blusenverpackung ,Verpackungskomponenten ,clothing industry ,plastics ,packaging industry - Abstract
Durch Literaturrecherche und Auspackversuche von Stand-Up Hemdenverpackungen konnte festgestellt werden, dass bis zu 15 Packmittel aus unterschiedlichen Materialien zum Einsatz kommen. Grund dafür ist die hohe Anforderung der Optik an die Verpackung, welche den Kragen mit besonderen Verkaufsanreizen präsentieren soll, wobei die Nachhaltigkeit in den Hintergrund gerückt wird. Die Komponenten sind dabei aus Papier/Karton, Metall, Stoff und Kunststoff, wobei die Kunststoffkomponenten hauptsächlich wegen der Größe kleiner 5 x 5 cm vom Recycling ausgeschlossen werden. Die EU hat Recyclingziele bis 2025 und bis 2030 verabschiedet, welche mit den aktuell eingesetzten Verpackungsarten für Hemden nicht erreichbar ist. Papier und Kartonpackmittel sind recyclingfähig, jedoch darf der Endkonsument nicht für die richtige Entsorgung der Packmittel verantwortlich gemacht werden. Es gibt Versuche, Hemden verpackungsfrei zu verkaufen, was zu Umsatzeinbußen geführt hat. Ebenso wurde unverpackte Kleidung beim Versuch, eine Sortieranlage passieren zu lassen, beschädigt. Einige Unternehmen steigen auf Papierpackmittel um, welcher ökobilanzielle Vorteile bringt auf Kosten des Produktschutzes, wodurch wiederrum eine schützende Kunststoffschicht benötigt wird. Außerdem ist Papier undurchsichtig, was allerdings ein wichtiges Kriterium ist, da die Hang-Tags sowie das Hemd sichtbar sein sollen. Mehrwegsysteme rentieren sich erst nach einem gewissen Zeitraum und sind nur im Business to Business Bereich von großen Konzernen einsetzbar. Kleinere Unternehmen müssen hierfür Konzepte mit allen Akteuren erarbeiten. Literature research and unpacking tests of stand-up shirt packaging showed that up to 15 packaging materials made of different materials are used to pack shirts and blouses. The reason for this is the high demand on the visual appearance of the packaging, which is supposed to present the collar with special sales incentives, whereby sustainability is pushed into the background. Components of the packaging include paper/cardboard, metal, fabric and plastic, whereby the plastic components are mainly excluded from recycling because they are smaller than 5 x 5 cm. The EU has adopted recycling targets for 2025 and 2030, which will not be achieved with the types of packaging currently used for shirts and blouses. Paper and cardboard packaging are recyclable, but the end consumer should not be made responsible for the correct disposal of the packaging. Attempts have been made to sell shirts without packaging, resulting in sales losses. Similarly, unpackaged clothing has been damaged when attempting to pass through a sorting facility. Some companies are switching to paper packaging, which brings environmental benefits at the cost of product protection, which in turn requires a protective plastic layer. In addition, paper is opaque, which is an important criterion because the hang tags and the shirt should be visible. Another challenge in this area is that reusable systems are only profitable after a certain period of time and can only be used in the business-to-business sector. Smaller companies have to develop concepts for this with all stakeholders.
- Published
- 2022
28. Paper-Based Electrical Respiration Sensor.
- Author
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Güder, Firat, Ainla, Alar, Redston, Julia, Mosadegh, Bobak, Glavan, Ana, Martin, T. J., and Whitesides, George M.
- Subjects
- *
DETECTORS , *RESPIRATION , *MEASUREMENT , *HUMIDITY , *IONIC conductivity - Abstract
Current methods of monitoring breathing require cumbersome, inconvenient, and often expensive devices; this requirement sets practical limitations on the frequency and duration of measurements. This article describes a paper-based moisture sensor that uses the hygroscopic character of paper (i.e. the ability of paper to adsorb water reversibly from the surrounding environment) to measure patterns and rate of respiration by converting the changes in humidity caused by cycles of inhalation and exhalation to electrical signals. The changing level of humidity that occurs in a cycle causes a corresponding change in the ionic conductivity of the sensor, which can be measured electrically. By combining the paper sensor with conventional electronics, data concerning respiration can be transmitted to a nearby smartphone or tablet computer for post-processing, and subsequently to a cloud server. This means of sensing provides a new, practical method of recording and analyzing patterns of breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
29. MAKULATURA - POCHODZENIE, PRZERÓB, WYKORZYSTANIE.
- Author
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Fietz, Magdalena
- Abstract
In Poland, every citizen statistically produces about 300 kg of garbage per year, including more than 80 kg of waste paper. Only a third of waste paper products is reprocessed. In connection with the entry into force of the Act on maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities there is a need to recover more recyclable materials, including recycled paper. Recovery of waste paper intended to reduce the amount of waste in landfill sites, reducing the felling of trees, as well as reducing the amount of sewage and solid waste in paper mills. The paper presents basic information about the paper industry in Poland and worldwide and the paper production process. It also shows types and characteristics of waste paper and collects data on the processing of waste paper products and product development directions for processing of waste paper products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
30. Target-Induced and Equipment-Free DNA Amplification with a Simple Paper Device.
- Author
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Liu, Meng, Hui, Christy Y., Zhang, Qiang, Gu, Jimmy, Kannan, Balamurali, Jahanshahi ‐ Anbuhi, Sana, Filipe, Carlos D. M., Brennan, John D., and Li, Yingfu
- Subjects
- *
GENE amplification , *POLYMERIC composites , *ENCAPSULATION (Catalysis) , *CHEMICAL reagents , *COLORIMETRIC analysis , *BIOLOGICAL assay - Abstract
We report on a paper device capable of carrying out target-induced rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce massive DNA amplicons that can be easily visualized. Interestingly, we observed that RCA was more proficient on paper than in solution, which we attribute to a significantly higher localized concentration of immobilized DNA. Furthermore, we have successfully engineered a fully functional paper device for sensitive DNA or microRNA detection via printing of all RCA-enabling molecules within a polymeric sugar film formed from pullulan, which was integrated with the paper device. This encapsulation not only stabilizes the entrapped reagents at room temperature but also enables colorimetric bioassays with minimal steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A comparison of the recoverable proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from two different types of papers.
- Author
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Kacmaz, Birgul and Gul, Serdar
- Subjects
- *
HAND washing , *HEALTH facilities , *METHICILLIN , *MICROBIAL contamination , *SOLUTION (Chemistry) , *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus , *VANCOMYCIN resistance , *METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus - Abstract
Aim: Paper is used for various purposes in hospitals. Generally, there are two different types of paper, which are commonly used in our facility: wood-free paper, and paper containing wood. We compared the recoverable proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; ATCC 43300) from the surface of such papers. Method: The papers were divided into two groups: Group 1: wood-free paper; Group 2: paper containing wood. The papers were contaminated in a standardized procedure with 0.1 mL of a 5×107 CFU MRSA/mL stock solution. Results: The recoverable proportion of MRSA was higher in the woodcontaining papers than in the papers without wood (P=0.043). Conclusion: This study indicates that if paper is purchased for healthcare facilities it should not contain wood, but rather wood-free paper types should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Faszination Papier im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung – oder warum der Werkstoff Papier nicht aus der Schule und dem Gestaltungsunterricht wegzudenken ist
- Author
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Knaus, Sonja and Knaus, Sonja
- Abstract
Ein Leben ohne Papier ist kaum mehr vorstellbar. Doch mit der rasanten Entwicklung der digitalen Medien in den letzten Jahren hat das Medium Papier einen Konkurrenten bekommen. Auch in der Schule spürt man diese Entwicklung. Gleichwohl findet Bildung meistens auf dem analogen Weg statt. Papier ist zudem ein faszinierender Werkstoff für den Gestaltungsunterricht. Kaum ein Werkstoff hat derart viele Bearbeitungs- und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten wie Papier. Aufgrund dessen beschäftigt sich vorliegende Arbeit mit folgenden Fragestellungen: • Warum ist der Werkstoff Papier trotz der fortgeschrittenen Digitalisierung immer noch ein wertvolles Gut in Gesellschaft, Schule und im Gestaltungsunterricht? • Wie lässt sich der Werkstoff Papier im kompetenzorientierten Unterricht vielseitig für kreative Gestaltungsaufgaben einsetzen? Diese Fragen werden einerseits mittels einer Literaturrecherche über Papier und dessen Entstehung, Herstellung und Umweltfolgen beleuchtet. Andererseits werden kompetenzorientierte und kreative Gestaltungsaufgaben für den Zyklus 1 entwickelt. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass Papier wegen seiner Eigenschaften noch eine lange Zukunft vor sich hat. Texte auf Papier weisen eine bessere Lesbarkeit gegenüber den digitalen Medien auf und in der Schule sind digitale Medien nicht in jedem Fall lernwirksam. Im kompetenzorientierten Gestaltungsunterricht fördert Papier die Kreativität, Wahrnehmung, Motorik und Vorstellungskraft der Kinder. Dies lässt sich sehr gut mit dem Lehrplan vereinbaren. Vier exemplarische Gestaltungsaufgaben mit dem Werkstoff Papier zeigen, wie eine kompetenzorientierte Unterricht aufgebaut werden kann.
- Published
- 2021
33. Project Biopulping: Selectieve Lignocellulose Ontsluiting met Witrotschimmels’ : Rapportage over uitvoering van werkpakketten 1 en 3 (door WUR) en werkpakket 5 (door CNC)
- Author
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Baars, Johan, Hendrix, Ed, Hendrickx, Patrick, Baars, Johan, Hendrix, Ed, and Hendrickx, Patrick
- Abstract
In Werkpakket 1 (uitgevoerd door WUR Plant Breeding) is gezocht naar de meest optimale stammen van Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Hiervoor zijn 30 stammen (20 homokaryons en 10 kruisingen) binnen de soort C. subvermispora onderzocht op hun vermogen om tarwestro en ingekuild bermgras selectief van hemicellulose en lignine te ontdoen. Op basis van de resultaten van Werkpakket 1 blijken C. subvermispora stammen MES15023 (monokaryon), MES15032 (monokaryon) en MES14706 (dikaryon) het meest selectief in de afbraak van lignine in zowel tarwestro als bermgras en is het resultaat van doorgroeien van de substraten met deze stammen een relatieve verrijking in cellulose. In Werkpakket 3 (eveneens uitgevoerd door WUR Plant Breeding) zijn verschillende typen biomassa voorbehandeld met de uit Werkpakket 1 als beste naar voren komende stammen. Er werd daarbij gewerkt met twee mogelijke toepassingen van het op te leveren behandelde materiaal. Deze toepassingen waren biogasproductie (op basis van tarwestro) en productie van vezelmateriaal voor de papier industrie (op basis van Miscanthus, Natuurgras, Lisdodde, Vlaslemen en Hennepscheven). De bovengenoemde materialen werden doorgroeid met 3 C. subvermispora stammen; MES15032 als beste monokaryon in WP1, MES14706 als beste dikaryon in WP1 en MES13094 als referentie uit de eerdere biogas testen. Het met schimmel doorgroeide materiaal werd op verschillende momenten tijdens de kolonisatie door de schimmels bemonsterd en het bemonsterde materiaal werd geanalyseerd op vezelsamenstelling. Stro substraat raakte (evenals in Werkpakket 1, goed doorgroeid met alle drie de schimmelstammen. Ook Miscanthus, vlaslemen en hennepscheven raakten goed doorgroeid met beide geteste schimmelstammen. In tegenstelling tot tarwestro en miscanthus, raakte het natuurgras substraat slechts met moeite doorgroeid. Lisdodde raakte nauwelijks gekoloniseerd door beide geteste schimmelstammen. Uitgaande van de selectieve verrijking van substraten met cellulose (door afb
- Published
- 2021
34. Pourquoi le papier est-il toujours utilisé dans les communications des organismes culturels ? L’exemple des compagnies du CASJB à Sherbrooke
- Author
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Larcher, Maxime, Vincent, Nadine, Larcher, Maxime, and Vincent, Nadine
- Abstract
Pourquoi aimons-nous le papier ? Pourquoi aime-t-on s’afficher ? L’affichage numérique est tout autour de nous (téléphone, tablette, écran). Pourtant, pourrait-on imaginer une organisation culturelle renoncer au papier pour annoncer un spectacle ? À l’aune de l’omniprésence des nouveaux médias et de la diffusion massive des contenus culturels en ligne, nous nous interrogeons sur l’intérêt pour une compagnie de spectacle de recourir aux imprimés. Notre programme de recherche s’inscrit dans le domaine de la microsociologie en étudiant un objet banal, quotidien, l’imprimé. Ainsi, notre travail de recherche empirique s’inspire de l’ethnographie de la communication. Une enquête de terrain a été conduite pour comprendre les raisons de la persistance des affiches de spectacle en examinant les pratiques communicationnelles de cinq compagnies des arts de la scène à Sherbrooke. Nous avons poursuivi une démarche de collecte de données de type qualitative auprès des acteurs représentatifs de ce milieu (directrices artistiques, chargées de communication, graphistes…) en menant des entretiens de type compréhensif, retranscrits et assemblés en un corpus. Nous avons analysé la manière dont ces organisations décident d’avoir recours ou non à l’imprimé. Nous avons ensuite cherché à déterminer l’efficacité de ce moyen de communication. L’étude a révélé qu’au-delà d’un souci d’efficacité de l’imprimé, s’exprimait chez les personnes interrogées un attachement singulier au papier. Ce médium semble créer un lien affectif : à l’image de la pochette d’un disque vinyle, il pourrait matérialiser un sentiment d’appartenance. En définissant la notion de culture du papier, au regard des pratiques observées, nous décrirons ensuite en quoi l’usage de l’imprimé pourrait relever d’une fonction patrimoniale.
- Published
- 2021
35. Innovatief Desch Plantpak maakt cirkel rond : Recycling in gezamenlijke verantwoordelijkheid met de kweker
- Author
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Walvaart, E. te and Walvaart, E. te
- Abstract
De tuinbouwsector is bij uitstek een sector die gebaat is bij een gezond milieu en duurzaamheid. De potten, trays en packs van Desch Plantpak worden daarom niet alleen verantwoord geproduceerd, maar ook verantwoord gerecycled. Dit proces is een gezamenlijke verantwoordelijkheid met de kweker en niet meer te stoppen. De ambitie van Desch is om het recycle-traject nog meer te optimaliseren, zodat de kringloop nog beter gesloten wordt. Jan-Willem Wieringa, managing director van Desch Plantpak, vertelt over de uitdagingen.
- Published
- 2021
36. Circulaire economie in de praktijk: vijf soorten afval recyclen tot tientallen nieuwe producten
- Abstract
De circulaire economie is bij vlagen ongrijpbaar. Een wereld waarin ‘afval niet bestaat’, hoe ziet die er eigenlijk uit? Wat ons betreft begint zo’n grote vraag met kleine voorbeelden. Want je kunt afval nu al recyclen tot hoogwaardige producten. Misschien zijn onderstaande spullen iets voor jouw huis of organisatie?
- Published
- 2021
37. Markt valt voor papier met vezels uit suikerbietenpulp
- Author
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Jonge, H. de and Jonge, H. de
- Abstract
Cosun Beet Company en papierproducent Crown Van Gelder ontwikkelden een papiersoort waarin voor 20 procent vezels uit suikerbietenpulp is verwerkt. Cosun heeft daarmee een hoogwaardige bestemming voor de reststroom en verpakt een deel van zijn producten in het nieuwe papier. Crown Van Gelder brengt de milieu-impact in de productieketen terug.
- Published
- 2021
38. Looted Libraries and Legitimation Policies: Ptolemy, the Library of al-Arawšī and the Translation Movement in Toledo
- Author
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European Commission, Bellver, José [0000-0002-9055-3420], Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Bellver, José, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European Commission, Bellver, José [0000-0002-9055-3420], Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Bellver, José
- Abstract
[EN] MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, is the only extant manuscript containing a complete copy of the Isḥāq/Ṯābit version of the Almagest. Paul Kunitzsch has underlined the close similarities between the marginal notes in the Tunis manuscript and those in Gerard of Cremona’s Latin translation of the Almagest, so that Kunitzsch has concluded that Gerard of Cremona had a manuscript close to the Tunis manuscript before him during the revision of his translation of the Almagest. A note in MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, points out that this manuscript was copied from a model owned by al-Arawšī, a bibliophile living in Valencia famous for the size of his library, a significant part of which was looted by al-Ma ʾmūn b. Ḏī l-Nūn and sent to Toledo, arguably shortly before Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī wrote his Ṭabaqāt al-umam. Based on MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, the present contribution explores the significance of al-Arawšī’s looted library as an important link between Umayyad Cordoba and Toledo. It also calls attention to the highly unusual paper of MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, made of woven fibers, maybe flax., [FR] Le manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, est le seul manuscrit existant contenant une copie complète de la version d’Isḥāq/Ṯābit de l’Almageste. Paul Kunitzsch souligna les fortes similitudes entre les notes marginales du manuscrit de Tunis et celles de la traduction latine de l’Almageste par Gérard de Crémone, de sorte qu’il conclut que Gérard de Crémone avait devant lui un manuscrit proche du manuscrit de Tunis lors de la révision de sa traduction de l’Almageste. Une note dans le manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, signale que ce manuscrit a été copié d’après un modèle appartenant à al-Arawšī, un bibliophile vivant à Valence et célèbre pour la taille de sa bibliothèque, dont une importante partie fut pillée par al-Ma ʾmūn b. Ḏī l-Nūn et envoyée à Tolède, sans doute peu avant que Ṣāʿid al-Andalusī ne rédige ses Ṭabaqāt al-umam. S’appuyant sur le manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, la présente contribution explore l’importance de la bibliothèque pillée d’al-Arawšī comme lien essentiel entre la Cordoue omeyyade et Tolède. Elle porte également une attention particulière au papier très inhabituel du manuscrit de Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 7116, fait de fibres tissées, peut-être du lin.
- Published
- 2021
39. Le dessin anime sur le papier, le graphisme du papier dans l’animation: Naruto en tant que memoires et extension poetique dans la presentation des techniques et des formes du dessin japonais
- Author
-
Pereira, Isac dos Santos and Magno, Maria Ignês Carlos
- Subjects
Audiovisual ,Técnica de desenho ,Audiovisuel ,Papier ,Technique de dessin ,Naruto ,Técnica de dibujo ,Não tem ,Papel - Abstract
Pensando en las técnicas desarrolladas a lo largo de la historia general sobre el papel como un soporte artístico y centrándose en sus extensiones expresivas en Japón, el artículo anhela reflexionar sobre la estrecha relación entre ellas y las presentadas en el dibujo animado Naruto. La investigación se basa en la producción bibliográfica y audiovisual, creyendo que, como fruto de la contribución del grafismo y de las animaciones para la extensión de la experiencia, creación de memorias, imaginación y creatividad, el proceso y la obra de Masashi Kishimoto se configuran en una poética como una manifestación y preservación de documentos gráficos del imaginario japonés, en una indisociabilidad artística instigante, confundiendo lo que es animación y lo que es dibujo, en un nuevo marco artístico. En réfléchissant aux techniques développées tout au long de l’histoire générale sur le papier comme un support artistique et en se concentrant sur ses extensions expressives au Japon, l’article aspire à réfléchir sur les liens entre eux et ceux présentés dans le dessin animé Naruto. La recherche s’ancre dans la production bibliographique et audiovisuelle, croyant que, comme le fruit de la contribution du graphisme et des animations à l’extension de l’expérience, création de souvenirs, imaginaire et créativité, le processus et l’œuvre de Masashi Kishimoto se configurent dans une poétique comme une manifestation et la préservation des documents graphiques de l’imaginaire japonais, dans une indissociabilité artistique instigante, confondant ce qui est animation et ce qui est dessin, dans un nouvel archétype artistique. Pensando nas técnicas desenvolvidas ao longo da história geral sobre o papel como um suporte artístico e focando em suas extensões expressivas no Japão, o artigo anseia por refletir sobre o estreitamento das relações entre elas e as apresentadas no desenho animado Naruto. A pesquisa ancora-se na produção bibliográfica e audiovisual, acreditando que, como fruto da contribuição do grafismo e das animações para a extensão da experiência, criação de memórias, imaginário e criatividade, o processo e a obra de Masashi Kishimoto configuram-se em uma poética como uma manifestação e preservação de documentos gráficos do imaginário japonês, em uma indissociabilidade artística instigante, confundindo o que é animação e o que é desenho, em um novo arcabouço artístico.
- Published
- 2021
40. Modification in the properties of paper by using cellulase-free xylanase produced from alkalophilic Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 in biobleaching of wheat straw pulp.
- Author
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Walia, Abhishek, Mehta, Preeti, Guleria, Shiwani, and Shirkot, Chand Karan
- Abstract
Alkalophilic Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 isolated from mushroom compost is an actinomycete that produces industrially important and environmentally safer thermostable cellulase-free xylanase, which is used in the pulp and paper industry as an alternative to the use of toxic chlorinated compounds. Strain CKMX1 was previously characterized by metabolic fingerprinting, whole-cell fatty acids methyl ester analysis, and 16S rDNA and was found to be C. cellulans CKMX1. Crude enzyme (1027.65 U/g DBP) produced by C. cellulans CKMX1, having pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively, in solid state fermentation of apple pomace, was used in the production of bleached wheat straw pulp. Pretreatment with xylanase at a dose of 5 U/g after pulping decreased pulp kappa points by 1.4 as compared with the control. Prebleaching with a xylanase dose of 5 U/g pulp reduced the chlorine charge by 12.5%, increased the final brightness points by approximately 1.42% ISO, and improved the pulp strength properties. Xylanase could be substituted for alkali extraction in C–Ep–D sequence and used for treating chemically bleached pulp, resulting in bleached pulp with higher strength properties. Modification of bleached pulp with 5 U of enzyme/g increased pulp whiteness and breaking length by 1.03% and 60 m, respectively; decreased tear factor of pulp by 7.29%; increased bulk weight by 3.99%, as compared with the original pulp. Reducing sugars and UV-absorbing lignin-derived compound values were considerably higher in xylanase-treated samples. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 has a potential application in the pulp and paper industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Relire Oriol Valls i Subirà.
- Author
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Estève, Jean-Louis
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Islamic Manuscripts is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. La question des niveaux de production à travers trois études de «codicologie comparée» (Iraq, Iran occidental, xiiie-xive s.).
- Author
-
Azzouna, Nourane Ben
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Islamic Manuscripts is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Zeichenform und Warenverkehr: Eine Formatgeschichte der Marke, 1840-1891
- Author
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Brühwiler, Wendelin, University of Zurich, and Brühwiler, Wendelin
- Subjects
19. Jahrhundert ,Handel ,Verkehr ,Materialität ,Frankreich ,Konsum ,Transport ,Liberalismus ,Regulierung ,Textil ,Colbertismus ,Medien ,Marken ,Bürokratie ,Repräsentation ,Marketing ,Verwaltung ,Papier ,Second Empire ,Kommunikation ,Transaktion ,10109 Institute of History ,Intellectual Property ,Moderne ,Standardisierung ,Recht ,UZHDISS UZH Dissertations ,Postwesen ,Format ,900 History - Abstract
Wie kommunizieren Marken? Auch wenn die Konsumenten bestens mit ihnen zurechtkommen, wenn sie ihre Kaufentscheidungen treffen, und die Experten in Marketing- und Rechtsabteilungen ganz selbstverständlich mit ihnen arbeiten, bringt uns diese Frage in Verlegenheit. Brühwilers Studie untersucht die Entstehung des modernen Markenkonzepts. Sie setzt ein mit der Verunsicherung der kommerziellen Transaktionen im Rahmen expandierender Kommunikations- und Transportsysteme um 1840. In der Folge entsteht ein flexibles Bezeichnungsformat, das sich an die Medienumgebung anpasst, in Verwaltungsroutinen einspielt und im internationalen Recht verankert wird. Diese Entwicklung wird von Brühwiler am Beispiel der französischen »marques de fabrique et de commerce« untersucht und anhand von Konflikten im Handel und in der Industrie, von politischen und juristischen Kontroversen sowie der Registrierungspraxis empirisch rekonstruiert. Seit dem ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert eigneten sich Marken nicht mehr zur Identifizierung von Waren. Stattdessen richtete sich ihre Medienlogik nach dem Erfordernis der Unterscheidung von Angeboten am Markt von Grund auf neu aus. Die kommerzielle Kommunikation wurde so vom Verweis auf spezifische Qualitäten und Herkünfte der Ware entlastet. Der Wandel von der Identifizierung zur Unterscheidung konnte jedoch nicht kurzerhand dekretiert werden. Er vollzog sich vielmehr im Zusammenspiel kleiner Verschiebungen: in den Bestimmungen des Rechts, in der Orientierung der Akteure und in der administrativen Fixierung. Die in diesem Buch entwickelte Geschichte erschließt so die Karriere moderner Verlegenheiten im Umgang mit Marken und verweist die theoretischen Verkürzungen des Gegenstands auf eine medienhistorische Dynamik.
- Published
- 2021
44. Enquête lectorat du courrier 2020: comparaison avec les résultats de l'enquête 2014: lectorat fidèle, for mat papier en recul
- Author
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Amez-Droz, Philippe René
- Subjects
Numérique ,Habitudes ,Papier ,Statistiques ,ddc:305.3 ,Presse ,Usages ,Lectorat ,Tendances - Abstract
Enquête 2020 auprès des lectorats papier et numériques du quotidien genevois Le Courrier. Analyse détaillée des résultats quantitatifs, profils et portraits des lectrices et lecteurs. Tendances et usages numériques.
- Published
- 2021
45. Economic, ecological, and social comparison of paper made from hemp fibre and paper made from wood fibre
- Author
-
Breisach, Constantin
- Subjects
Hanffaser ,Paper ,Packing ,Wood fibre ,Papier ,Nutzhanf ,Holzfaser ,Verpackung ,Hemp fibre ,Industrial hemp - Abstract
In der heutigen Gesellschaft ist das Thema Nachhaltigkeit in den letzten Jahren zu einer immer größeren Bedeutung herangewachsen. Dabei ist vor Allem die Verpackungsindustrie gefragt Maßnahmen gegen Littering, Emissionen, übermäßiger Ressourcenverbrauch bzw.-verschwendung zu setzen und durch Reduce, Reuse und Recycle die Umwelt zu entlasten. Auf der Suche nach Alternativen Packmitteln werden oft voreilige Schlüsse gezogen und man klassifiziert etwas als nachhaltig und „besser“ rein aus subjektiven Gründen. Ein interessanter, alternativer Packstoff ist Papier aus Hanffaser, welcher sich nicht nur durch ähnlich Vorteile wie Papier aus Holzfaser auszeichnet, sondern auch das Wasser bei der Herstellung einer geringeren chemischen Belastung aussetzt und durch die größere Länge der Faser auch eine bessere Recyclingeigenschaft mit sich bringt. Um die Packstoffe besser zu bewerten, wurden anhand einer Multiple Criteria Analysis (MDCA) ein Wertesystem erstellt. Dank einer MDCA kann eine optimale Abgrenzung der zu behandelten Daten erreichen und zeigt Stärken, Schwächen und Möglichkeiten der beiden Packstoffe dar. Diese Arbeit analysiert dabei die ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Gesichtspunkte der beiden Stoffe, und bringt diese dann in ein Ampelsystem gemäß einer MDCA. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob Papier aus Hanf besser, unter Betrachtung ökonomischer, ökologischer und sozialer Standpunkte, als Papier aus Holz für Verpackungen geeignet ist. Beide Packstoffe sind natürlichen Ursprungs und haben jeweils einen positiven und nachhaltigen Einfluss auf ihre Umwelt. Papier ist nach wie vor der Platzhirsch am Verpackungsmarkt – Hanf wird eher selten eingesetzt wird und findet sich eher in Bereichen der Hygieneprodukte, Tabakindustrie und bei der Herstellung von Banknoten. Speziell in der Preisgestaltung kann die Produktion von Hanfpapier nicht mit der von herkömmlichem Papier mithalten und ist daher weniger lukrativ für Unternehmen. In Zukunft ist, um Hanffaser am Verpackungsmarkt zu etablieren, noch viel Forschung und Innovation nötig. Es wird allerdings nie zum kompletten Ersatz von Papier aus Hanffaser für Papier aus Holzfaser kommen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass es in Zukunft Symbiose der beiden Stoffe bei der Papierherstellung geben könnte. Damit würden von beiden Packstoffen die positiven Eigenschaften optimal miteinander kombiniert werden und in Summe zu einer besseren Nachhaltigkeit führen. In today's society, the topic of sustainability has become increasingly important in recent years. The packaging industry in particular is called upon to take measures against littering, emissions, excessive consumption and waste of resources, and to reduce the burden on the environment through reduce, reuse and recycle. In the search for alternative packaging materials, people often jump to conclusions and classify something as sustainable and "better" purely on subjective grounds. An interesting alternative packaging material is paper made from hemp fibre, which not only has similar advantages to paper made from wood fibre, but also exposes water to less chemical pollution during production and also has better recycling properties due to the greater length of the fibre. To better evaluate the packaging materials, a Multiple Criteria Analysis (MDCA) was used to create a value system. Thanks to an MDCA, an optimal delimitation of the data to be treated can be achieved and shows strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of the two packaging materials. This work analyses the environmental, economic, and social aspects of the two materials, and then puts them into a traffic light system according to an MDCA. In this work it was examined whether paper from hemp is better, under consideration of economic, ecological, and social points of view, than paper from wood for packing suitably. Both packaging materials are of natural origin, and each has a positive and sustainable impact on their environment. Paper is still the top dog in the packaging market - hemp is used rather rarely and is found more in the areas of hygiene products, tobacco industry and in the production of banknotes. Especially in terms of pricing, the production of hemp paper cannot compete with that of conventional paper and is therefore less lucrative for companies. In the future, to establish hemp fibre in the packaging market, a lot of research and innovation is still needed. However, it will never come to the complete substitution of paper made from hemp fibre for paper made from wood fibre. It can be assumed that in the future there could be symbiosis of the two materials in paper production. In this way, the positive properties of both packaging materials would be optimally combined with each other and, in total, lead to better sustainability.
- Published
- 2021
46. Pascal's reed : introduction to the catalog
- Author
-
Sochacki, Łukasz
- Subjects
papier ,sztuka ,paper ,cunturl anthropology ,sculpture ,antropologia kulturowa ,rzeźba ,art - Published
- 2021
47. Femme ou renarde ? Écran de papier et révélation de l'invisible chez Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
- Author
-
Marianne Simon-Oikawa, Université de Tokyo, Département de langue et littérature françaises, and Simon-Oikawa, Marianne
- Subjects
papier ,kuzunoha ,Tsukioka Yoshitoshi ,[SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,ukiyo-e ,estampe ,[SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history ,écran - Abstract
International audience; L’article s’intéresse à une estampe de l’artiste ukiyo-e Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1839-1892) intitulée « Kuzunoha kitsune dôji ni wakaruru no zu » (La séparation de la renarde Kuzunoha et de son enfant). Il montre comment la cloison de papier qui cache une partie de Kuzunoha et en révèle une autre, est le lieu d'une interrogation sur les liens entre le réel et le surnaturel, et finalement l'instrument d'une révélation, celle de l'existence d'un monde situé au-delà des apparences visibles.
- Published
- 2020
48. Damage in disordered media : Paper as a material model
- Author
-
Villette, François, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], Jean Francis Bloch, Frédéric Dufour, Sabine Rolland du Roscoat, Julien Baroth, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Paper ,Crack propagation ,Fracture Process Zone ,Heterogeneous materials ,Papier ,Matériaux hétérogènes ,Modèles à faisceaux de fibres ,[PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,[PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,Zone d’endommagement ,Non-Local damage models ,Modèles d’endommagement non locaux ,Propagation de fissure ,Fiber Bundle model - Abstract
The understanding, modeling and prediction of failure in heterogeneous materials are important issues for many applications such as the resistance of civil engineering structures or rock detachments for example. Currently, damage models involve an internal length that is not yet explicitly related to the characteristic lengths of the material. The objective of this work is to study the influence of material heterogeneities on cracking processes using paper as a model material. Indeed, this material has the property to reveal its structure (fibers and fiber aggregates) by optical transmission and thus allows following the evolution of the damage during the rupture at lower costs. In a first step, the local structural and mechanical properties of the fiber aggregates were obtained from images acquired by X-ray tomography and tensile tests. Filmed tensile tests were then used to visualize the development of the fracture process zone and to relate its dimensions to the post-peak behaviour of the tensile curve. On the basis of this analysis, a novel method of calibration of the internal length was proposed on a non-local continuous damage model. The role of the different characteristic lengths of the material was highlighted by these results which were complemented by a study of the crack propagation statistics in a heterogeneous material using a Fiber Bundle Model that we have extended to spatially correlated random fields of rupture., La compréhension, la modélisation et la prévision de la rupture dans les matériaux hétérogènes sont des enjeux importants pour de nombreuses applications comme la résistance des structures de génie-civil ou les détachements de blocs rocheux par exemple. Actuellement, la modélisation de la fissuration dans les modèles d’endommagement fait intervenir une longueur interne qui n’est pas encore reliée explicitement aux longueurs caractéristiques du matériau. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’influence des hétérogénéités du matériau sur les processus de fissuration en utilisant le papier comme matériau d’étude. Ce matériau a en effet la propriété de révéler sa structure (fibres et agrégats de fibres) par transmission optique et permet ainsi de suivre l’évolution de l’endommagement au cours de la rupture à moindres coûts. Dans un premier temps, les propriétés structurales et mécaniques locales des agrégats de fibres ont été obtenues à partir d’images acquises par tomographie à rayons X et d’essais de tractions. Des essais de traction filmés ont ensuite permis de visualiser le développement de la zone d’endommagement et de relier ses dimensions au comportement post-pic de la courbe de traction. Sur la base de cette analyse, une méthode originale de calage de la longueur interne a été proposée sur un modèle d’endommagement continu non local. Le rôle des différentes longueurs caractéristiques du matériau a été mis en évidence par ces résultats qui ont été complétés par une étude de la statistique de propagation de fissure dans un matériau hétérogène en utilisant un Fiber Bundle Model (modèle à faisceaux de fibres), que nous avons dans le cadre de cette thèse étendu à des champs aléatoires de rupture corrélés dans l’espace.
- Published
- 2020
49. Endommagement de milieux hétérogènes : Le papier en tant que matériau modèle
- Author
-
Villette, François, Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], Jean Francis Bloch, Frédéric Dufour, Sabine Rolland du Roscoat, and Julien Baroth
- Subjects
Paper ,[PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,Crack propagation ,Fracture Process Zone ,Zone d’endommagement ,Heterogeneous materials ,Papier ,Non-Local damage models ,Modèles d’endommagement non locaux ,Matériaux hétérogènes ,Propagation de fissure ,Fiber Bundle model ,Modèles à faisceaux de fibres - Abstract
The understanding, modeling and prediction of failure in heterogeneous materials are important issues for many applications such as the resistance of civil engineering structures or rock detachments for example. Currently, damage models involve an internal length that is not yet explicitly related to the characteristic lengths of the material. The objective of this work is to study the influence of material heterogeneities on cracking processes using paper as a model material. Indeed, this material has the property to reveal its structure (fibers and fiber aggregates) by optical transmission and thus allows following the evolution of the damage during the rupture at lower costs. In a first step, the local structural and mechanical properties of the fiber aggregates were obtained from images acquired by X-ray tomography and tensile tests. Filmed tensile tests were then used to visualize the development of the fracture process zone and to relate its dimensions to the post-peak behaviour of the tensile curve. On the basis of this analysis, a novel method of calibration of the internal length was proposed on a non-local continuous damage model. The role of the different characteristic lengths of the material was highlighted by these results which were complemented by a study of the crack propagation statistics in a heterogeneous material using a Fiber Bundle Model that we have extended to spatially correlated random fields of rupture.; La compréhension, la modélisation et la prévision de la rupture dans les matériaux hétérogènes sont des enjeux importants pour de nombreuses applications comme la résistance des structures de génie-civil ou les détachements de blocs rocheux par exemple. Actuellement, la modélisation de la fissuration dans les modèles d’endommagement fait intervenir une longueur interne qui n’est pas encore reliée explicitement aux longueurs caractéristiques du matériau. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’influence des hétérogénéités du matériau sur les processus de fissuration en utilisant le papier comme matériau d’étude. Ce matériau a en effet la propriété de révéler sa structure (fibres et agrégats de fibres) par transmission optique et permet ainsi de suivre l’évolution de l’endommagement au cours de la rupture à moindres coûts. Dans un premier temps, les propriétés structurales et mécaniques locales des agrégats de fibres ont été obtenues à partir d’images acquises par tomographie à rayons X et d’essais de tractions. Des essais de traction filmés ont ensuite permis de visualiser le développement de la zone d’endommagement et de relier ses dimensions au comportement post-pic de la courbe de traction. Sur la base de cette analyse, une méthode originale de calage de la longueur interne a été proposée sur un modèle d’endommagement continu non local. Le rôle des différentes longueurs caractéristiques du matériau a été mis en évidence par ces résultats qui ont été complétés par une étude de la statistique de propagation de fissure dans un matériau hétérogène en utilisant un Fiber Bundle Model (modèle à faisceaux de fibres), que nous avons dans le cadre de cette thèse étendu à des champs aléatoires de rupture corrélés dans l’espace.
- Published
- 2020
50. Untersuchung der Papiereigenschaften mit Hilfe von MIR-Spektroskopie und Hg-Porosimetrie Investigations of structural changes in paper during drying by MIR-spectroscopy and Hg-porosimetry.
- Author
-
Dovgal, Vladimir, Schabel, Samuel, and Elsäßer, Wolfgang
- Subjects
PAPER ,INFRARED spectroscopy ,POROSITY ,FLUID dynamic measurements ,PROPERTIES of matter ,DRYING - Abstract
Die interne Strukturbeschaffenheit von Papier spielt in den meisten Anwendungen eine wichtige Rolle. Um die Struktureigenschaften von Papier zu untersuchen messen wir die totale Reflexion sowie die totale Transmission im MIR mit Hilfe einer Ulbrichtkugel. Die modellbasierte Auswertung der Messdaten liefert die optischen Strukturparameter μ
s und μa . Diese zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Proben, was durch die Quecksilberporosimetriemessdaten bestätigt wird. Die Kombination der beiden Messtechniken ermöglicht die Einsicht in die Strukturveränderungen von Papier während der Trocknung. The properties of the internal paper structure are important for most applications. In order to investigate the structural properties of paper we measure the total transmission and total reflection in the mid infrared by an integrating sphere. The modell based data processing delivers the microscopic optical parameters μs and μa . These clearly reveal the differences between the examined paper samples, which are further explained by the porosimetry measurement data. The combined approach involving both measurement methods enables insights into structural behaviour of a paper sample during drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
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