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Introduction. papillary thyroid cancer is increasingly being detected at early stages when regional and distant metastases are absent per clinical examination. However, lymph nodes of the central zone can carry hidden metastases. frequency of such metastases is 22.3–46.7 %. maximally accurate identification of hidden metastases after lymph node dissection remains an important problem.Aim. тo evaluate the effect of histological examination characteristics and immunohistochemical measurement of pancytokeratin level on frequency of detection of papillary cancer hidden metastases in regional lymph nodes of the central zone in patients with clinical stage N0 papillary cancer.Materials and methods. The main group included 50 patients with stage ст1–2N0М0 primary papillary thyroid cancer. Dissected central lymph nodes of the patients prior to formalin fixation were extracted from the sample and inserted in individual paraffin blocks. Apart from standard histological examination, pancytokeratin level was measured immunohistochemically in the lymph nodes. The control group consisted of 200 patients for whom dissected central cell tissue was sectioned into blocks after formalin fixation. The number of lymph nodes in the dissected sample was measured by a pathomorphologist.Results. In the main group, the number of lymph nodes in the sample varied between 6 and 37 with mean of 20.7 ± 6.8; in the control group the number was lower: 3–25, mean 9.8 ± 5.1 (р = 0.000). In the main group, hidden metastases were detected more frequently than in the control group: in 30 (60 %) and 68 (34 %) cases, respectively (р = 0.001). In 20 (40 %) patients, immunohistochemical examination showed new metastases. use of this method allowed to detect 1 to 7 additional metastases (mean 2.4 ± 1.5 lymph node lesions).Conclusion. use of targeted dissection with extraction of lymph nodes led to significant increase in their numbers in the samples, and immunohistochemical examination allowed to detect a large number of hidden metastases in the central lymph nodes.

Abstract Background Primary laryngeal neoplasms are rare in cats, with lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most commonly diagnosed tumour types. These tumours are usually highly aggressive, difficult to treat, and have a poor prognosis. Here an undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma with hyaline bodies in a cat is reported. Case presentation A 13-year-old cat was presented for progressive respiratory signs. Diagnostic procedures revealed a partially obstructive laryngeal mass. Cytology was compatible with a poorly differentiated malignant tumour, with neoplastic cells frequently containing large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. After 1 month the patient was euthanised due to a worsening clinical condition and submitted for post-mortem examination, which confirmed the presence of two laryngeal masses. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an undifferentiated neoplasm with marked features of malignancy. Strong immunolabelling for pancytokeratin led to a diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma, however, histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations could not elucidate the origin of the large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies observed in tumour cells, which appeared as non-membrane bound deposits of electron-dense material on transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion This is the first report of primary undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma in a cat. Our case confirms the clinical features and the short survival that have been reported in other studies describing feline laryngeal tumours. Moreover, for the first time in feline literature, we describe the presence of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in neoplastic cells that were compatible with the so-called hyaline granules reported in different human cancers and also in the dog.

This case report describes nodular dermatofibrosis in an 11-year-old female dog of the German Shepherd breed. Previously, at the age of 6 years (initial stage), a sample from a tumorous nodule on her back was removed. Histological examination of the sample from this period showed hyperplasia of cells with a lobular structure. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated focal positivity to pancytokeratin. In the terminal stage (at 11 years of age), clinical examination revealed apathy, uncoordinated movement of the hind limbs, obstipation, anorexia and occasional vomiting with progressive weight loss. Skin inspection found multiple skin ulcerating tumorous lesions localized in the sacral region of the back and intercostally, partly fluctuating around the size 4 cm in diameter. Necropsy revealed an intraabdominal tumour localized among intestinal loops. Nodular lesions were found also in the lung parenchyma, on the dorsal surface of the epiglottis, in the myocardium, the cortex and the medulla of the kidneys, the adrenal gland, and in the intestinal wall. Histological analysis showed systemic production of fibrous nodules and formation of fibrous tissue with atrophy of parenchyma tissue. However, no connection between dermatofibrosis and adenocarcinoma of the kidney was found in this case, which was supplemented with pancytokeratin antibody. CD3 + lymphocytes were observed mainly in the zone of cell proliferation and in the interface towards the fibrous layer. Macrophages were seen mainly in the transitional zone between cellular and fibrous part. This indicated participation of monitored immunocompetent cells in fibroblast degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extragonadal germ cell tumors are relatively rare tumor, which usually occurs in the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. In this report, we present a case of primary mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) arising in the pelvic cavity. A 38-year-old male with acute abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography scan imaging demonstrated a large mass in the pelvic cavity. Histological examination of the specimen revealed germ cell tumor with dual morphology. Immunohistochemical studies detected placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OCT3/4, ALP, and pancytokeratin. Taking these results together with the patient's other clinical manifestations, this case was diagnosed with mixed GCT, i.e., seminoma plus yolk sac tumor. Chemotherapy was successful. Mixed germ cell tumor in the pelvic cavity is extremely rare but should be considered as a cause of pelvic mass formation.

Background: Primary laryngeal neoplasms are rare in cats, with lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most commonly diagnosed tumour types. These tumours are usually highly aggressive, difficult to treat, and have a poor prognosis. Here an undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma with hyaline bodies in a cat is reported. Case presentation: A 13-year-old cat was presented for progressive respiratory signs. Diagnostic procedures revealed a partially obstructive laryngeal mass. Cytology was compatible with a poorly differentiated malignant tumour, with neoplastic cells frequently containing large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. After 1 month the patient was euthanised due to a worsening clinical condition and submitted for post-mortem examination, which confirmed the presence of two laryngeal masses. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an undifferentiated neoplasm with marked features of malignancy. Strong immunolabelling for pancytokeratin led to a diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma, however, histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations could not elucidate the origin of the large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies observed in tumour cells, which appeared as non-membrane bound deposits of electron-dense material on transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion: This is the first report of primary undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma in a cat. Our case confirms the clinical features and the short survival that have been reported in other studies describing feline laryngeal tumours. Moreover, for the first time in feline literature, we describe the presence of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in neoplastic cells that were compatible with the so-called hyaline granules reported in different human cancers and also in the dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 11-year-old male common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) presented with chronic, progressive weight loss and diarrhoea. Response to treatment with nutritional supplementation, antibiotics and immunosuppressants was modest and transient, and the animal was humanely euthanized. At necropsy, the proximal 8 cm of small intestine was diffusely pale with transmural thickening. The lungs contained coalescing tan, firm nodules measuring up to 4 mm in diameter. Histological examination revealed infiltrative mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with extensive metastases to the lungs, liver and left parapatellar adipose tissue. The mucinous matrix secreted by the primary and metastatic lesions was strongly periodic acid–Schiff positive. Warthin Starry staining for spirochaetes was negative. Pancytokeratin expression was attenuated in the primary tumour as well as in the metastases, which correlated to a poorly differentiated phenotype. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a proximal duodenal adenocarcinoma with extensive metastatic disease in a common marmoset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports a case of Sertoli cell tumour and its immunohistochemical characterization using pancytokeratin, vimentin and p53 in an adult bull. A six and a half years old bull was presented in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences of the University with the history of gradual enlargement of both testes since last one and a half years. Grossly, both testes appeared hard and firm. Microscopically, haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections revealed neoplastic Sertoli cells arranged in groups as islands/broad sheets separated by connective tissue stroma. Neoplastic cells showed indistinct cytoplasmic boundary, cytoplasmic vacuolation and enlarged pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Neoplastic cells were positive for p53 and vimentin and negative for pancytokeratin. Moderate to strong p53 nuclear immunoreactivity was noticed in most of the neoplastic cells indicating role of p53 tumour suppressor gene in tumourogenesis. Vimentin immunopositivity was observed in cytoplasm of neoplastic cells but no immunoreactivity for pancytokeratin was noticed. The application of pancytokeratin and vimentin antibodies in present case provided important information for differential diagnosis between Sertoli cell tumour and seminoma.

Tumor progression studied by analysis of cellular features of serial ascitic ovarian carcinoma tumors. Adenocarcinoma, chicken, coelomic effusion, granulosa cell tumor, Oil red O, ovarian carcinoma, pancytokeratin, sex cord-stromal tumor Keywords: adenocarcinoma; chicken; coelomic effusion; granulosa cell tumor; Oil red O; ovarian carcinoma; pancytokeratin; sex cord-stromal tumor EN adenocarcinoma chicken coelomic effusion granulosa cell tumor Oil red O ovarian carcinoma pancytokeratin sex cord-stromal tumor 305 308 4 07/01/21 20210601 NES 210601 CASE PRESENTATION A 3-year-old female chicken was presented to the Zoological Medicine Service at the University of Florida with severe crop distention and lethargy. [Extracted from the article]

Extragonadal germ cell tumors are relatively rare tumor, which usually occurs in the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. In this report, we present a case of primary mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) arising in the pelvic cavity. A 38-year-old male with acute abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography scan imaging demonstrated a large mass in the pelvic cavity. Histological examination of the specimen revealed germ cell tumor with dual morphology. Immunohistochemical studies detected placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OCT3/4, ALP, and pancytokeratin. Taking these results together with the patient's other clinical manifestations, this case was diagnosed with mixed GCT, i.e., seminoma plus yolk sac tumor. Chemotherapy was successful. Mixed germ cell tumor in the pelvic cavity is extremely rare but should be considered as a cause of pelvic mass formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clear cell adenocarcinoma of ovary is a distinctive tumour. Stroma rich variants (adenocarcinofibroma) of these types of tumours are uncommon. We report a rare case of clear cell adenocarcinofibroma of ovary in 37 years of female presenting with bilateral ovarian masses. The tumour contained fibrous component and was radiologically indistinguishable from soft tissue malignancy. The serum level of CA-125 was raised. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed the rare microscopic type of ovarian tumour. Because of differences in the clinical course as well as management, possibility of this unusual type of carcinoma must be ruled out.

Competing Interests: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Spindle cell Carcinoma is a rare biphasic neoplasm consisting of epithelial and mesenchymal components and accounts for less than 1% of all tumours of oral region. It is a rare aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma which frequently recurs and metastasizes with poor prognosis compared to classical squamous cell carcinoma. The biologic behaviour is comparable to poorly differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The 5 year disease free survival rate is approximately 30% for all Oral Tumors. The variants of squamous cell carcinoma frequently arise in mucosa of upper aerodigestive tract. The most common site in head and neck region is in larynx and hypopharynx; the oral cavity being rarely affected. This biphasic malignant neoplasm often assumes a sarcomatous appearance and may present diagnostic difficulty. Hence careful histopathologic analysis is warranted. We report a rare case of spindle cell carcinoma in unusual location with immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Peri-articular histiocytic sarcoma ( PAHS) occurs in dogs, including Bernese Mountain Dogs ( BMD). An etiologic relationship with previous joint disease has not been documented. Hypothesis Peri-articular histiocytic sarcoma in BMD will be more frequently encountered around previously diseased joints compared with normal joints. Animals 920 European BMD. Methods A retrospective study, in which data were obtained through an Internet questionnaire and from 2 veterinary pathology laboratories. Archived samples of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining diagnosed PAHS and synovial cell sarcoma ( SCS) were immunolabeled with CD18 and pancytokeratin. Descriptive, comparative, and actuarial statistics comprise the data analysis. Results All primary synovial tumors were identified as PAHS based on their morphology, positive CD18, and negative pancytokeratin labeling. Joint disease was diagnosed in 226 BMD, of which 15 developed PAHS in a previously diseased joint and 3 in a nondiseased joint. Of the remaining 694 BMD without joint disease, 9 developed PAHS. The odds ratio for a dog with previous joint disease developing PAHS is calculated as 5.4 (95% CI: 2.3-12.5; P < .0001) compared with no previous joint problem. A significant association between previous joint disease and PAHS in the same joint was demonstrated for the left elbow ( P = .016), right elbow ( P = .006), right shoulder ( P = .047), left and right stifle ( P < .001), and left carpal joint ( P = .010). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The results of this study suggest a relation between previous joint disease and the development of PAHS in the same joint of European BMD. Owners of BMD should monitor dogs for peri-articular swellings, particularly around previously diseased joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the salivary glands is an uncommon type of monomorphic adenoma. Its most frequent location is the parotid gland. It usually appears as a firm and mobile slow-growing mass. Histologically, it is seen as nests of isomorphic cells and interlaced trabeculae with a prominent basal membrane. There is also slack, hyaline stroma with absence of a myxoid or chondroid component. We describe a case of BCA of palatal minor salivary glands, a rare site for its occurrence. We also briefly review the literature on the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the immunoreactivity of p63 in monolayered and stratified human urothelial cell cultures and in normal urothelial tissues to assess the differentiation status of in vitro stratified urothelial constructs. Methods: p63 expression was detected immunohistochemically in native normal human bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis tissues and immunocytochemically in monolayered urothelial cell cultures and urothelial constructs stratified in vitro. Additionally, expression of pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), uroplakin III, and fibroblast surface antigen was investigated. Results: In native tissues, urothelial cell layers showed the most intensive p63 staining in the basal cells; the superficial umbrella cells were predominantly negative. Monolayered urothelial cell cultures revealed reduced p63 expression with ongoing culture passages. In vitro stratified urothelial constructs exhibited p63 expression similar to that of native urothelium. CK20-reactive cells were absent in the monolayered cultures but present in the stratified cell cultures and in the urothelial constructs. In native urothelium, only superficial cells stained positive for CK20. Uroplakin III was not present in either monolayered urothelial cell cultures or stratified urothelial constructs. Cultured cells were always positive for pancytokeratin and negative for fibroblast surface antigen. Conclusions: p63 is a new biomarker for differentiation and stratification of urothelium created in vitro. For proposed clinical applications of in vitro stratified urothelium in reconstructive urology, urothelial constructs should exhibit expression of significant marker proteins similar to that of native urothelium. Our results show such similarity of expression for pancytokeratin, p63, and CK20, an encouraging possibility for confirming the functionality of tissue-engineered urothelia after clinical application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Polyclonal antibody to S-100 protein has been routinely applied for initial screening of various types of tumors, including, melanocytic tumors and neurogenic tumors. S-100 protein has been shown to have a broad distribution in human tissues, including renal tubules. The potential utility of S-100 protein in renal cell neoplasms has not been extensively investigated. Using an EnVision–Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP; Dako, Carpinteria, Calif) kit, we evaluated the diagnostic value of S-100 protein on tissue microarray sections from 175 cases of renal epithelial neoplasm (145 primary renal neoplasms and 30 metastatic renal cell carcinomas) and 24 non-neoplastic renal tissues. Immunohistochemical stains for pancytokeratin, HMB-45, and Mart-1 were also performed. Western blot using the same antibody (anti–S-100 protein) was performed on 10 cases of renal cell neoplasm. The results demonstrated that nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern for S-100 protein was observed in 56 (69%) of 81 conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 10 (30%) of 33 papillary RCCs, 1 (6%) of 16 ChRCCs, and 13 (87%) of 15 oncocytomas. Among the 81 cases of CRCC, positivity for S-100 protein was seen in 41 (71%) of 58 and 15 (65%) of 23 cases with Furhman nuclear grade I/II and III/IV, respectively. Focal immunostaining was present in 22 (92%) of 24 normal renal tubules. Similar staining pattern was observed in 21 (70%) of 30 metastatic RCCs. Western blotting demonstrated the S-100 protein expression in both renal cell neoplasm and normal renal tissue. Overexpression of S-100 in oncocytomas compared with ChRCCs was confirmed by the data of Western blot and cDNA microarray analysis. Importantly, 14.8% (12/81) of clear cell RCC and 13.3% (4/30) of metastatic RCC revealed an immunostaining profile of pancytokeratin (−)/S-100 protein (+). These data indicate that caution should be taken in interpreting an unknown primary with S-100 positivity and cytokeratin negativity. In addition, it suggests that S-100 has a diagnostic value in differentiating oncocytoma from ChRCC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Although experimental autologous patch or tubular conduit vascular grafts made from the internal rectus fascia sheath (IRFS) have been reported in the literature, thorough morphological evaluation and verification of the histological arterialisation of such grafts are lacking. Four purpose-bred Beagle dogs were utilised to create eight arterial internal rectus fascia sheath (ARFS) grafts implanted between bisected ends of the external iliac arteries. Four out of the eight ARFS grafts were patent after three months. Haematoxylin-eosin and Azan staining verified that the grafts gained a vessel-like layered structure with the presence of large amounts of collagen fibres. Although the inner surface of the intact IRFS was originally covered with claudin-5-negative and pancytokeratin-positive mesothelial cells in control samples, the internal cells of the ARFS grafts became claudin-5 positive and pancytokeratin negative like in intact arteries. Spindle-shaped cells of the wall of ARFS grafts were α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive just like the smooth muscle cells of intact arteries, but α-SMA immunoreactivity was negative in the intact IRFS. According to these findings, the fibroblast cells of the ARFS graft have changed into myofibroblast cells. The study has proved that ARFS grafts may be used as an alternative in arterial replacement, since the graft becomes morphologically and functionally similar to the host vessel via arterialisation.