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En este artículo se presentan los primeros resultados del secuenciamiento de la Región Hipervariable I del ADN mitocondrial de restos óseos humanos arqueológicos de la provincia de Santiago del Estero, con el objeto de contribuir al conocimiento sobre la diversidad genética de las poblaciones de la llanura santiagueña y los procesos de interacción con grupos de otras regiones de Argentina en tiempos prehispánicos tardíos. Se obtuvieron resultados positivos en 5 de las 10 muestras estudiadas que permitieron la identificación de 5 haplotipos diferentes. Una de las muestras, proveniente del norte del Río Dulce, presenta las mutaciones características del subhaplogrupo D1j, mientras que los demás individuos fueron asignados a linajes derivados de C1. La comparación de los haplotipos obtenidos en este trabajo con secuencias prehispánicas compiladas de la literatura no muestra una conexión con las poblaciones que habitaron el NOA en tiempos tardíos ni tampoco con los grupos chaco-litoraleños. En cambio, se observa claramente un vínculo biológico entre las poblaciones de la llanura santiagueña y los grupos de la región central de Argentina (fundamentalmente de la actual provincia de Córdoba) y de los valles del centro-oeste argentino. A pesar de su reducido número, los haplotipos obtenidos dan cuenta de este fenómeno: de las cinco secuencias obtenidas, tres fueron asignadas a los linajes D1j, C1d1b y C1b+146 que han sido señalados como indicadores de un estrecho vínculo entre las poblaciones del centro y el oeste argentino, y evidencia del mantenimiento de flujo génico entre ellas., In this article we present the first set of mitochondrial hypervariable region I sequences from human archaeological remains from the province of Santiago del Estero, with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the genetic diversity of the populations of the Santiago plains and the processes of interaction with groups from other regions of Argentina in late pre-Hispanic times. Positive results were obtained in 5 out of the 10 analyzed samples, which allowed the identification of 5 different haplotypes. One of the samples, from the north of the Dulce river, shows the characteristic mutations of subhaplogroup D1j, while the other individuals were assigned to derived lineages of C1. The comparison of the haplotypes obtained in this work with pre-Hispanic sequences compiled from the literature did not show a genetic connection with the populations that inhabited northwest Argentina region in the Late Period nor with the Chaco-Littoral groups. Nevertheless, a biological link was clearly observed between the populations of the Santiago del Estero plains and the groups of the central region of Argentina (mainly of the province of Córdoba), and of the valleys of the center-west of Argentina. Despite the small sample size, the detected haplotypes demonstrate these linkages: three out of the five sequences obtained were assigned to the lineages D1j, C1d1b and C1b+146 that have been pointed out as indicators of close genetic relationships between the populations from Central and Western Argentina, as well as evidence of sustained gene flow between them, Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina

Insertions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences into nuclear genome (NUMTs) have been largely identified in Homo genus, some of them occurring after the divergence from other primates. The low number of required insertions required to obtain a good level of population differentiation, altogether with the absence of homoplasy in NUMTs (given its mitochondrial origin) suggest that these insertions may be considered a useful marker to trace Homo populations through history . Therefore, NUMTs may offer a new perspective of human phylogeny and ancient events, such as the relation and inbreeding among different prehistorical populations. This study aims to study current populations using aligned genomes from 2,535 subjects of the Phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project and ancestral Neanderthal and Denisovan samples through 69 different homo-specific NUMTs. However, the homology with mtDNA (which may be mis-aligned to the nuclear genome) poses a serious problem to the NUMT presence polymorphism status determination. In addition, since these sequences are mostly located in non-coding regions, they are only available on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) samples thus resulting in a really low coverage. To handle these limitations and perform a large-scale analysis, we developed an approach based on overlapping insertion regions detection, paired-end distances and local alignments to the GRCh37 human reference sequence containing and lacking the studied NUMT. This pipeline allowed to obtain a catalog of variation of Homo-specific NUMTs and to refine some given NUMTs position coordinates. Finally, NUMT insertions were concluded to perform a good population analysis. En el género Homo se han identificado diversas inserciones nucleares de origen mitocondrial (NUMTs), algunas de las cuales se produjeron después de la divergencia de otros primates . En algunos estudios se ha estipulado que, dado su origen, estos polimorfismos son buenos candidatos a marcadores para estudiar las relaciones entre las especies del género Homo a través de la historia, pudiendo ofrecer una nueva perspectiva de la filogenia humana y de eventos ancestrales. Este trabajo propone estudiar la variación de 69 NUMTs exclusivos del género Homo (presentes en Neandertales y Denisovas y en poblaciones actuales), usando en este último caso 2.535 genomas (ya alineados) del consorcio 1000 Genomes Project. Sin embargo, la homología de dichas regiones con el ADN mitocondrial supone un obstáculo a la hora de estudiar su presencia, ya que material genético procedente de la mitocondria puede alinearse erróneamente con el nuclear. Para solventar dicho impedimento, en el presente estudio se ha desarrollado un protocolo de análisis que combina la detección de lecturas solapando las regiones de inserción del NUMT, las distancias entre lecturas apareadas y alineamientos locales con secuencias de referencia con y sin NUMT. Dicho método ha permitido obtener un catálogo de variaciones de los NUMTs Homoespecíficos, así como refinar algunas de las coordenadas conocidas. Dichos polimorfismos en poblaciones modernas, junto con algunas muestras de Neandertales y Denisovianas, pueden ofrecer una nueva perspectiva sobre la historia de poblaciones. Al final del trabajo, se ha visto cómo estas inserciones parecen ser buenos marcadores poblacionales. En el gènere Homo s'han identificat diverses insercions nuclears d'origen mitocondrial (NUMTs), algunes de les quals es van produir després de la divergència d'altres primats . En alguns estudis s'ha estipulat que, donat el seu origen, aquests polimorfismes són bons candidats a marcadors per a estudiar les relacions entre les espècies del gènere Homo a través de la història, podent oferir una nova perspectiva de la filogènia humana i d'esdeveniments ancestrals. Aquest treball proposa estudiar la variació de 69 NUMTs exclusius del gènere Homo (presents en Neandertals i Denisovas i en poblacions actuals), usant en aquest últim cas 2.535 genomes (ja alineats) del consorci 1000 Genomes Project. No obstant això, l'homologia d'aquestes regions amb l'ADN mitocondrial suposa un obstacle a l'hora d'estudiar la seva presència, ja que material genètic procedent del mitocondri pot alinear-se erròniament amb el nuclear. Per a solucionar aquest impediment, en el present estudi s'ha desenvolupat un protocol d'anàlisi que combina la detecció de lectures solapant les regions d'inserció del NUMT, les distàncies entre lectures apariades i alineaments locals amb seqüències de referència amb i sense NUMT. Aquest mètode ha permès obtenir un catàleg de variacions dels NUMTs Homoespecíficos, així com refinar algunes de les coordenades conegudes. Aquests polimorfismes en poblacions modernes, juntament amb algunes mostres de Neandertals i Denisovianas, poden oferir una nova perspectiva sobre la història de poblacions. Al final del treball, s'ha vist com aquestes insercions semblen ser bons marcadors poblacionals.

Los restos humanos de Les Llometes (Alcoi, Alicant) corresponden a 17 hombres, 11 mujeres y un individuo infantil de unos 8 años. Las dataciones C14 de los restos muestran un uso del espacio funerario (Gruta y Grieta) durante el III milenio a. C. Destaca una prevalencia elevada de hiperostosis porótica (60 % en hombres y 30 % en mujeres). Los datos paleogenéticos explican una gran diversidad poblacional y dos mujeres que presentan vínculos familiares. Les restes humanes de Les Llometes (Alcoi, Alacant) corresponen a 17 homes, 11 dones i un individu infantil d’uns 8 anys. Les datacions C14 de les restes mostren un ús de l’espai funerari (Gruta i Clivella) durant el III mil·lenni aC. Destaca una prevalença elevada d’hiperostosi poròtica (60% en homes i 30% en dones). Les dades paleogenètiques expliquen una gran diversitat poblacional i dues dones que presenten vincles familiars. The human remains from Les Llometes (Alcoy, Alicante) belong to 17 males, 11 females and one child of about 8 years of age. Carbon 14 dating technology of skeletal remains indicate the use of a funerary area (Grotto and Crack) during the III millennium B.C. The prevalence of porotic hyperostosis is noticeable (60% for males and 30% for females). Paleogenetics data point out a great population diversity as well as two females showing family ties.

From the first century AD, Europe has been interested by population movements, commonly known as Barbarian migrations. Among these processes, the one involving the Longobard culture interested a vast region, but its dynamics and demographic impact remains largely unknown. Here we report 87 new complete mitochondrial sequences coming from nine early-medieval cemeteries located along the area interested by the Longobard migration (Czech Republic, Hungary and Italy). From the same areas, we sampled necropoleis characterized by cultural markers associated with the Longobard culture (LC) and coeval burials where no such markers were found, or with a chronology slightly preceding the presumed arrival of the Longobards in that region (NLC). Population genetics analysis and demographic modeling highlighted a similarity between LC individuals, as reflected by the sharing of quite rare haplogroups and by the degree of genetic resemblance between Hungarian and Italian LC necropoleis estimated via a Bayesian approach, ABC. The demographic model receiving the strongest statistical support also postulates a contact between LC and NLC communities, thus indicating a complex dynamics of admixture in medieval Europe.

Despite centuries of research, much about the barbarian migrations that took place between the fourth and sixth centuries in Europe remains hotly debated. To better understand this key era that marks the dawn of modern European societies, we obtained ancient genomic DNA from 63 samples from two cemeteries (from Hungary and Northern Italy) that have been previously associated with the Longobards, a barbarian people that ruled large parts of Italy for over 200 years after invading from Pannonia in 568 CE. Our dense cemetery-based sampling revealed that each cemetery was primarily organized around one large pedigree, suggesting that biological relationships played an important role in these early medieval societies. Moreover, we identified genetic structure in each cemetery involving at least two groups with different ancestry that were very distinct in terms of their funerary customs. Finally, our data are consistent with the proposed long-distance migration from Pannonia to Northern Italy., The Longobards invaded and conquered much of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Here, the authors sequence and analyze ancient genomic DNA from 63 samples from two cemeteries associated with the Longobards and identify kinship networks and two distinct genetic and cultural groups in each.

[EN] Recent developments of aDNA studies have had a powerful impact on European Prehistoric Archeology, both on practical and theoretical levels. One of its most perceptible effects has been the implicit -and in some cases explicit- rehabilitation of Gustav Kossinna's thought, a trend with ideological and political implications that should not be set aside. Beyond the need for a theoretical rearmament against what could be the foundations for a renovated scientific justification of new forms of racism, we must commit to an inquiry on the ways in which Archaeologists and Geneticist interact, situating what is undoubtedly a powerful scientific tool in the context of a critical archaeological practice, one committed to emancipatory values., Following this line of thought, we review the Neolithisation of Iberia as a paradigmatic case study. The long-lasting prevalence of interpretations based on the existence of a demic diffusion of some kind or another, grants any genetic data an unavoidable and crucial role in the theoretical debate, very specifically in relation to the discontinuities in genetic patterns between Mesolithic and Early Neolithic populations, and the putative Near Eastern connections of the earliest Neolithic groups. In this contribution we will examine the ways in which Archaeologists are interpreting the growing genetic evidence when building their historical narratives. Vice versa, we will take into account the ways in which Geneticists use the information provided by Archaeologists in order to historically organize their paleogenetic record., [ES] Los desarrollos recientes de los estudios sobre aDNA han tenido un potente impacto en la Arqueología prehistórica europea, tanto a nivel práctico como teórico. Uno de sus efectos más perceptibles ha sido la rehabilitación implícita, y en algunos casos explícita, del pensamiento de Gustav Kossinna, una tendencia cuyas implicaciones ideológicas y políticas hay que valorar. Más allá de la necesidad de un rearme teórico contra lo que podría ser el comienzo de una justificación científica de nuevas formas de racismo, debemos interrogarnos sobre las formas en las que los arqueólogos y los genetistas están interactuando para tratar de rescatar lo que sin duda es una potente herramienta de conocimiento para una práctica arqueológica crítica y comprometida con valores emancipatorios., En esta línea, se propone una revisión de los debates sobre la neolitización de Iberia como un caso paradigmático de estudio. El predominio desde antiguo en este campo de teorías migracionistas otorga a los datos genéticos un valor inevitable y crucial en el debate teórico. En concreto se refiere a las discontinuidades en los patrones genéticos entre las poblaciones del Mesolítico y del Neolítico inicial, y las reputadas conexiones con el Próximo Oriente de las primeras poblaciones neolíticas en relación con las explicaciones de la neolitización. Igualmente afecta la manera en la que los genetistas utilizan la información que los arqueólogos les proporcionan para organizar históricamente el registro paleogenético. En esta contribución examinaremos las formas en las que los arqueólogos están interpretando la creciente evidencia genética cuando construyen sus narrativas históricas. Vice versa tendremos en cuenta la manera en la que los genetistas utilizan la información proporcionada por los arqueólogos para organizar históricamente su registro paleogenético.

History and environment shape crop biodiversity, particularly in areas with vulnerable human communities and ecosystems. Tracing crop biodiversity over time helps understand how rural societies cope with anthropogenic or climatic changes. Exceptionally well preserved ancient DNA of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from the cold and arid Andes of Argentina has allowed us to track changes and continuities in quinoa diversity over 18 centuries, by coupling genotyping of 157 ancient and modern seeds by 24 SSR markers with cluster and coalescence analyses. Cluster analyses revealed clear population patterns separating modern and ancient quinoas. Coalescence-based analyses revealed that genetic drift within a single population cannot explain genetic differentiation among ancient and modern quinoas. The hypothesis of a genetic bottleneck related to the Spanish Conquest also does not seem to apply at a local scale. Instead, the most likely scenario is the replacement of preexisting quinoa gene pools with new ones of lower genetic diversity. This process occurred at least twice in the last 18 centuries: first, between the 6th and 12th centuries?a time of agricultural intensification well before the Inka and Spanish conquests?and then between the 13th century and today?a period marked by farming marginalization in the late 19th century likely due to a severe multidecadal drought. While these processes of local gene pool replacement do not imply losses of genetic diversity at the metapopulation scale, they support the view that gene pool replacement linked to social and environmental changes can result from opposite agricultural trajectories. Fil: Winkel, Thierry. Université de Montpellier; Fil: Aguirre, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Laboratorio de Geoarqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Arizio, Carla Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Aschero, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Babot, Maria del Pilar. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Benoit, Laure. Université de Montpellier; Fil: Burgarella, Concetta. Amélioration Génétique Et Adaptation Des Plantes Méditerranéennes Et Tropicales (agap); Fil: Costa Tártara, Sabrina María. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Dubois, Marie-Pierre. Université de Montpellier; Fil: Gay, Laurène. Amélioration Génétique Et Adaptation Des Plantes Méditerranéennes Et Tropicales (agap); Fil: Hocsman, Salomón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Jullien, Margaux. Amélioration Génétique Et Adaptation Des Plantes Méditerranéennes Et Tropicales (agap); Fil: Lopez Campeny, Sara Maria Luisa. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Manifesto, Maria Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Navascués, Miguel. Faculte de Medecine Universite Montpellier 1; . Montpellier Supagro; Fil: Oliszewski, Nurit. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina Fil: Pintar, Elizabeth Lucia. Austin Community College; Estados Unidos Fil: Zenboudji, Saliha. Université de Montpellier; Fil: Bertero, Hector Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Joffre, Richard. Université de Montpellier

the “aLtaMura Man”, twentY Years Later. new researches on the skeLeton FroM the LaMaLunGa caVe (aLtaMura, itaLY) - the human skeleton from Lamalunga (altamura, bari) represents a keystone fossil specimen for our comprehension of human evolution in europe during the Pleistocene. the exceptional conditions of preservation (representing a unique case-study of its kind) offer the rare opportunity to add precious information on the morphology and genetics of the neanderthal lineage, as well as on the paleo-ecological and evolutionary dynamics occurred among human populations in the italian peninsula. it is also of great interest that the skeleton from altamura shows a peculiar combination of both derived (neanderthal) and more archaic features. although neanderthal traits predominate, in fact, other characters appear more plesiomorphic, particularly in the cranium. the recovery in 2009 of the articular portion of the right scapula in conditions of absolute sterility preventing any exogenous contamination, together with other selected samples of calcite, allowed to reach the following results: a) the first absolute dating of the skeleton; b) the first quantitative analysis of a single anatomic district; c) an equally unprecedented paleogenetic characterization of the Lamalunga skeleton. overall, these results concurred in indicating that the Lamalunga skeleton belongs to the hypodigm of Homo neanderthalensis, with some significant phenetic peculiarities. this conclusion

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq Même si l'Archéologie est associée à la pensée anthropologique, elle s'est penchée, notamment dans les dernières décennies, sur la reconstitution des sociétés anciennes, en mettant l'accent sur la structure et l'organisation sociale, leur subsistance et leur mode de vie. Toutefois, grâce à son essence interdisciplinaire, l'archéologie cherche ses sources d'information et sa méthode dans d'autres branches de la science, telle que la génétique, dans le but d'enrichir par des données supplémentaires l'interprétation sur le comportement des sociétés en lui donnant de matérialité. Cela dit, ce travail a le propos de vérifier si le taux élevé de troubles du développement et de variations morphologiques discontinues, présent dans les matériaux squelettiques de la population des chasseurs-cueilleurs du site archéologique Furna do Estrago, dont la datation par le carbone 14 est de 1860 ± 50 ans BP (Beta 145954) à 1610 ± 70 ans BP (Beta 145955), placé dans la commune de Brejo da Madre de Deus/PE serait associé à la pratique de l'endogamie. Et, à partir des données ethnographiques, discuter sur les motivations possibles (culturelles et/ou adaptatives) qui auraient mené le groupe à faire l'usage de telle pratique. Enfin, même si les données ici présentées induisent fermement à la soutenance de l'hypothèse centrale de ce travail, ce serait une erreur essayer d'inscrire la population de Furna do Estrago dans les modèles d'une société organisée essentiellement sur les piliers endogamiques car le recours à cette pratique pourrait être saisonnier, et aurait lieu en parallèle aux périodes critiques de la subsistance en ayant le rôle d'un réussi processus d'adaptation à cette zone rude et désertique de l'État. A Arqueologia tem percebido que alguns dos principais aspectos relacionados à cultura nem sempre estão visíveis, de maneira macroscópica e mesoscópica, nos vestígios materiais produzidos pelo homem. Entretanto, por sua essência interdisciplinar, tem buscado fontes de informação e metodologias em outras ramificações das ciências, como a Genética, para complementar com dados a interpretação sobre o comportamento das sociedades através da materialidade. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como propósito verificar se o alto índice de anomalias de desenvolvimento e das variações morfológicas descontínuas, presente no material osteológico da população de caçadores-coletores do sítio Furna do Estrago, com datações radiocarbônicas de 1.860 ± 50 anos AP (Beta 145954) a 1.610 ± 70 anos AP (Beta 145955), situado no município de Brejo da Madre de Deus/PE estaria associado à prática da endogamia. E, a partir de dados etnográficos, discutir a respeito de quais possíveis motivações (cultural e/ou adaptativa) teriam levado o grupo a fazer uso de tal prática. Por fim, ainda que os dados aqui apresentados induzam veemente à sustentação da hipótese central deste trabalho, tornar-se-ia equivocada a tentativa de enquadrar a população da Furna do Estrago em moldes de uma sociedade organizada essencialmente sobre pilares endogâmicos. Pois a utilização desta prática poder-se-ia dar de forma sazonal, paralela aos períodos críticos de subsistência, conferindo ao grupo um exitoso processo de adaptação ao agreste pernambucano.

The ancestry of the Colombian population comprises a large number of well differentiated Native communities belonging to diverse linguistic groups. In the late fifteenth century, a process of admixture was initiated with the arrival of the Europeans, and several years later, Africans also became part of the Colombian population. Therefore, the genepool of the current Colombian population results from the admixture of Native Americans, Europeans and Africans. This admixture occurred differently in each region of the country, producing a clearly stratified population. Considering the importance of population substructure in both clinical and forensic genetics, we sought to investigate and compare patterns of genetic ancestry in Colombia by studying samples from Native and non-Native populations living in its 5 continental regions: the Andes, Caribe, Amazonia, Orinoquía, and Pacific regions. For this purpose, 46 AIM-Indels were genotyped in 761 non-related individuals from current populations. Previously published genotype data from 214 Colombian Natives from five communities were used for population comparisons. Significant differences were observed between Native and non-Native populations, among non-Native populations from different regions and among Native populations from different ethnic groups. The Pacific was the region with the highest African ancestry, Amazonia harboured the highest Native ancestry and the Andean and Orinoquían regions showed the highest proportion of European ancestry. The Andean region was further sub-divided into 6 sub-regions: North East, Central West, Central East, West, South West and South East. Among these regions, the South West region showed a significantly lower European admixture than the other regions. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and variance values of ancestry among individuals within populations showed a potential stratification of the Pacific population. COL0035429

Apresentam-se os resultados das campanhas de escavação efetuadas no sítio da Torre Velha (Castro de Avelãs, Bragança), durante os verões de 2012 e 2013, referentes ao seu espaço funerário e também religioso: séc. v/vi-xii. A análise será feita de forma integrada, articulando os dados de natureza arqueológica (cronologia, contexto estratigráfico, estruturas e materiais associados) e antropológica (antropologia funerária, estudo paleobiológico e análises químicas e moleculares), a par de uma breve contextualização histórica do sítio – um dos mais referidos na bibliografia arqueológica de Trás-os-Montes, identificado habitualmente como sede, em época romana, da civitas Zoelarum e, depois, do pagus suévico de Brigantia.

The present paper discusses mtDNA and taphonomy of human remains from Moa, Beirada, and Zé Espinho sambaquis of Saquarema, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. New human bone dating by 14C-AMS for Moa archeological site (3810+50 BP - GX-31826-AMS) is included. Preservation of microscopic lamellae and DNA is not related to the macroscopic integrity of the bones. Results here suggest that the preservation of amplifiable DNA fragments may have relation to the preservation of the lamellar arrangement as indicated by optical microscopic examination (polarized light). In 13 human bone fragments from Moa, Beirada, and Zé Espinho it was possible to sequence mtDNA from the 3 individuals of Moa, and from 1 of 4 individuals of Beirada, whose bones also show extensive areas with preserved lamellar structures. The 6 human bone fragments of Zé Espinho and 3 of the 4 fragments of Beirada showed extensive destruction of cortical microstructure represented by cavities, intrusive minerals, and agglomerated microscopic bodies of fungi and bacteria; it was not possible to extract mtDNA from these samples. The results support the hypothesis that the preservation of the microscopic osteon organization is a good predictor for DNA preservation. It was also confirmed the C haplogroup antiquity in Brazil.