17 results on '"paediatric anesthesia"'
Search Results
2. Pressure-Controlled Volume-Guaranteed Ventilation Improves Respiratory Dynamics in Pediatric Patients During Laparoscopic Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
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Liu H, Cao Y, Zhang L, Liu X, and Gu E
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paediatric anesthesia ,adverse events ,mechanical ventilation ,pediatric intensive care ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Huan Liu, Yuanyuan Cao, Lei Zhang, Xuesheng Liu, Erwei Gu Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Erwei GuDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 173 5650 3482Email ay_guew_mz@yeah.netPurpose: Pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) combines the characteristics of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV). It has been reported that PCV-VG decreases airway pressure and improves oxygenation among the adult group. In this study, the respiratory dynamics of PCV-VG and VCV are compared in pediatric patients ventilated with laryngeal mask airway and underwent laparoscopic hernia of the sac ligation.Patients and Methods: Sixty-four pediatric patients were included in this prospective, randomized clinical trial. Pediatric patients were randomly allocated to receive VCV and PCV-VG ventilation during the general anesthesia. The hemodynamic and respiratory variables were recorded at the time when laryngeal mask airway was placed, pneumoperitoneum began, 5 mins after pneumoperitoneum began, pneumoperitoneum ended, and the operation ended respectively. The respiratory adverse events were recorded after the operation and on the first day after the operation. In this study, respiratory adverse events are defined as cough, hoarseness, hypoxemia, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and sore throat.Results: There was no statistical difference in hemodynamic variables at all time points between the two groups. Compared to the VCV group, peak airway pressure (Ppeak) and plateau airway pressure in the PCV-VG group decreased significantly. Pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cydn) in the PCV-VG group was significantly higher than that in the VCV group. The respiratory adverse events appeared to have no statistical difference between VCV and PCV groups.Conclusion: PCV-VG provides a lower Ppeak and better Cydn in pediatric patients compared with the VCV group during laparoscopic surgery. The results suggested that PCV-VG may be a superior way of mechanical ventilation for pediatric patients who ventilated with laryngeal mask airway and experienced laparoscopic surgery.Keywords: pediatric anesthesia, adverse events, mechanical ventilation, pediatric intensive care
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- 2021
3. Anaesthetic management of Moyamoya disease in a six-year-old child: Anaesthetic management of Moyamoya disease
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Singhal Shubhi, Banerjee Neerja Gaur, Bharti Devang, and Kaur Mohandeep
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moyamoya disease ,encephalomyosynangiosis ,paediatric anesthesia ,Anesthesiology ,RD78.3-87.3 - Abstract
Introduction: Moyamoya disease is a rare form of the chronic cerebrovascular disorder. Patients develop progressive stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries and a proximal portion of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The compensatory collateral circulation that develops is weak and small, prone to hemorrhage, aneurysm, and thrombosis. Case Report: We report a case of a six-year-old boy with Moyamoya disease, presenting with complaints of seizures and weakness of the left side of the body. A bilateral encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) was successfully performed on the child under general anesthesia without any perioperative complications. Conclusion: Revascularization surgery in a patient with Moyamoya disease is a high-risk procedure with an increased incidence of perioperative neurological sequelae. However, patients can be successfully perioperatively managed by ensuring adequate cerebral blood flow and minimizing cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption rates.
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- 2020
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4. GENERAL ANESTHESIA: IS IT SAFE FOR NEWBORNS, INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN ?
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Nancheva Jasminka, Andonovski Alan, Kamnar Victor, Georgieva Daniela, Nanceva Andrea, and Georgiev Antonio
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paediatric anesthesia ,newborn ,infant ,small children ,neurotoxity risk ,neurocognitive outcome ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
The exposure of neonates, infants and small children to general anesthesia is becoming a common occurrence. Accumulating preclinical data indicate that exposure to commonly used general anesthetic agents during key periods of brain development in this population(between late gestation and 3 to 4 years of age,) can lead to apoptotic neurodegeneration, synapse loss, and cognitive and neurobehavioral deficits that persist as the organism matures. New work suggests that infants and small children undergoing some types of surgery could have better recovery if they receive regional anesthesia rather than general anesthesia. In response to this concerns, the Food and drug administration (FDA) and the International Research Society in anesthesia (IARS) started an initiative called Smart Tots (Strategies for Mitigating Anesthesia- related neuro Toxicity in Tots) which examine the effects of anesthesia on brain development. Also another two major prospective studies are ongoing in children : PANDA (Pediatric Anesthesia Neurodevelopment assessment Study )project is a large, multi-center study based at the Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York at Columbia University, and another one is GAS study which is a multisite randomized controlled trial comparing neurodevelopment outcomes in infant receiving general anesthesia compared to spinal and other regional anesthetics to the stress response to surgery. The findings from these studies will help researches to design the safest anesthetic regimens and to develop the new and safer anesthetic drugs for use in pediatric medicine.
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- 2016
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5. Complications per et postopératoires en anesthésie pédiatrique dans deux hôpitaux de la ville de Yaoundé.
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Amengle, A. L., Bengono Bengono, R., Mbengono, J. A. Metogo, Zambo, A., Esiene, A., and Ze Minkande, J.
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To assess the intraoperative and postoperative complications in children in our context. Materials and methods: It was a prospective, descriptiveand analytic study carried out during a period of 5 months, in children aged from 0 to 15 years old, operatedin two hospitals in Yaoundé, which we had previously received the informed consent of parents to participate. The variables used were: age, sex, indication for surgery, ASA class, anesthesia's technique, intra and post-operative complications and outcome.We included 151 patients during the study period with 70.9% of boys with a sex ratio of 2.4 for males. The age group most represented age was that of 1 to 5 years (39.7%) with an average age of 4.4 years ± 4.5. The most represented surgical specialty was digestive surgery. The surgery was scheduled in 75 % of cases and the ASA class 1 was the most representedwith 61%. General anesthesia was used in 97% of cases. We had 33.1% of patients who developed at least one complicationand 46.1%. Intraoperative complications represented 77.8%. Respiratory complications were the most represented with 40%. Postoperative complications are cardiovascular and infectious. We recorded 12 deaths for a mortality rate of 7.9%. The factors associated with the occurrence of complications were age less than 1 year and the urgency of the surgery. The complications were frequent. The respiratory complications were most represented. The mortality rate remains high in our context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
6. Neurotoxicita anestetik a dozrávající dětský mozek.
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V., Mixa
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The neurotoxicity of commonly used anaesthetics for the developing brain of young children is frequently discussed and not fully established nowadays. NMDA and GABA-ergic receptors in the brain, which are affected by most anaesthetics, also control the development of the central nervous system. It can therefore have an impact on the brain neurogenesis with a resulting disorder of the cognitive and behavioural functions. Although the results of recent clinical studies are not available yet, it is recommended to use pharmaceuticals with a lower potential neurotoxicity (sevoflurane, opiates), to combine general and local anaesthesia and to avoid all the influences which may aggravate the possible neurotoxicity (hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypoglycaemia, hypothermia etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
7. Atracurium Versus Cis-Atracurium for Laryngeal Relaxation and Hemodynamic Stability in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study.
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Nadirsha A, Agrawal N, and Karim HMR
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Background and aim Equipotent dose of atracurium and cis-atracurium has failed to show clinically equi-effective muscle relaxation actions required for laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation (LETI) in adults. There needs to be more data on children. We aimed to compare the efficacy of equipotent atracurium and cis-atracurium for producing optimal LETI. We also compared the hemodynamic stability and side effects. Methods With approvals and informed consent, 104 children between three and 12 years were enrolled in the present randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm study. Fifty-two participants were recruited in each group and received either 2ED95 atracurium (0.5mg/kg) or 2ED95 cis-atracurium (0.1mg/kg). Three-point scale, i.e., excellent, good, and poor, were assigned based on jaw relaxation, vocal cords, diaphragmatic movement, coughing, and resistance to the laryngoscope blade. Basic hemodynamics and adverse events like flushing, hemodynamic instability, and airway spasms were noted. The groups were compared using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests as applicable; a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results Entire enrolled participants completed the study. Excellent LETI conditions were significantly higher in the atracurium than in cis-atracurium (53.8% versus 19.2%, p-value <0.001). In the present study, blunted laryngoscopy-related sympathetic surge containing the increase in hemodynamic parameters within 20% from the baseline was noted in both groups, but the blunting and fall back of hemodynamic towards the baseline was rapid in the atracurium (within 7 minutes of LETI) group than cis-atracurium, i.e., 72 minutes; p-value <0.001. Only one flushing was noted in the atracurium group compared to none in the cis-atracurium. Conclusion 2ED95 dose of cis-atracurium (0.1mg/kg), although have minor advantages of maintaining hemodynamic better, has lower adverse events, it provides significantly lower 'Excellent LETI conditions' when compared to 2ED95 dose of atracurium (0.5mg/kg) in children of age three to 12 years., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Nadirsha et al.)
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- 2023
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8. Současný pohled na kaudální epidurální blokády u dětí a jejich komplikace.
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J., Šípek and V., Mixa
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Caudal block is a type of neuroaxial block (single shot or continuous), in which the local anesthetic is injected through the sacrococcygeal membrane into the caudal epidural area of the spinal canal. It provides analgesia which is important not just in the perioperative but mainly in the postoperative period. The single shot technique is more commonly used in paediatric anesthesia especially due to its very simple performance and low occurrence of complications. The complications include failure, infection or adverse effects of the local anaesthetics or their additives. The continuous caudal block has higher occurrence of complications caused by the misplacement of the catheter, incorrect dosage or poor postoperative care of the catheter on the ward. Recently there have been increasing voices recommending the abandoning of the continuous caudal, especially the caudo-lumbar and caudo-thoracic blocks, and their replacement by peripheral nerve blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
9. SURGICAL MUSCLE RELAXATION; TO STUDY THE ADEQUACY IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS SCHEDULED FOR ELECTIVE GROIN SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA USING SEVOFLURANE WITHOUT NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS.
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Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Kazmi, Syed Sajjad Raza, and Ahmad, Shakeel
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GENERAL anesthesia , *SEVOFLURANE - Abstract
In Anesthesia practice neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxants) are used for intubation and surgical muscle relaxation. The use of modern inhalational anesthetics like sevoflurane is commonly practiced in paediatric anesthesia for induction and endotracheal intubation. LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) is alternative to endotracheal intubation. It is commonly used supraglotic device for the elective surgical procedures in adults and paediatric population. We conducted this study to see whether sevoflurane produces enough surgical muscle relaxation so that the use of neuromuscular blocking agents can be avoided. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: King Khalid Hospital (KSA). Period: April 2013 to February 2014. Material and Methods: 84 paediatric patients posted for elective surgical procedure were included. Regarding the adequacy of surgical muscle relaxation. Induction of anesthesia was done with propofol 2mg/kg and Fentanyl 2 mcg/kg. Airway was maintained with LMA. Anesthesia was maintained by sevoflurane in oxygen and air. Blood pressure and Heart rate was kept with 20% of baseline reading. Adequacy of surgical muscle relaxation was asked by the surgeon during surgery and was graded as good, fair or poor. Results: Mean age of the patients was 2.4 year. There were 76 male and 8 female patients. 47 patients were operated for inguinal herniotomy, 32 for orchedopexy and 5 for umbilical herniotomy. Surgical muscle relaxation was good in all of the patients and none of them required use of muscle relaxants. Recovery of all patients was smooth. Discussion: Adequate surgical muscle relaxation is important to facilitate surgery. In paediatric population sevoflurane produces enough muscle relaxation for intubation and surgical muscle relaxation. Monitoring of muscle relaxation can be clinical as well as through muscle twitches. Conclusion: Our study showed that in paediatric population the elective surgical procedures of groin region can be done without using muscle relaxants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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10. Anestesia em criança operada para lábio leporino associado à síndrome de Patau.
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Kamal, Manoj, Singariya, Geeta, Varghese, Don, Bhagde, Jeet, Simon, Annie Miju, and Singh, Amar
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Resumo Os pacientes com síndrome de Patau (trissomia 13) apresentam várias anomalias craniofaciais, cardíacas, neurológicas e renais, com expectativa de vida bem menor. Entre as anomalias craniofaciais, o lábio leporino e a fenda palatina são comuns. Essas anomalias craniofaciais e cardíacas apresentam dificuldades na anestesia. Portanto, descrevemos o manejo anestésico em uma criança de 10 meses com trissomia 13 submetida à cirurgia de lábio leporino. Patients with Patau's syndrome (Trisomy 13) have multiple craniofacial, cardiac, neurological and renal anomalies with very less life expectancy. Among craniofacial anomalies cleft lip and palate are common. These craniofacial and cardiac anomalies present difficulties with anesthesia. We therefore describe the anesthetic management in the case of a Trisomy 13 child for operated for cleft lip at 10 months of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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11. To Study the Adequacy of Surgical Muscle Relaxation in Paediatric Patients Scheduled for Elective Groin Surgeries Under General Anesthesia using Sevoflurane without using Neuromuscular Blocking Agents.
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Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Sheraz, Motsim, and Kazmi, Sayed Sajjad Raza
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MUSCLE contraction , *MUSCLE relaxants , *GENERAL anesthesia , *NEUROMUSCULAR blocking agents , *SEVOFLURANE ,GROIN surgery - Abstract
Introduction: In Anesthesia practice neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxants) are used for intobation and surgical muscle relaxation. The use of modern inhalational anesthetics like sevoflurane is commonly practiced in paediatric anesthesia for induction and endotracheal intubation. LMA is alternative to endotracheal intubation. It is commonly used supraglotic device for the elective surgical procedures in adults and paediatric population. We conducted this study to see whether sevoflurane produces enough surgical muscle relaxation so that the use of neuromuscular blocking agents can be avoided. Patients and Methods: 84 paediatric patients of King Khalid Hospital (KSA) from April 2013 to February 2014 posted for elective surgical procedure were included in this observational study regarding the adequacy of surgical muscle relaxation. Induction of anesthesia was done with propofol 2mg/kg and Fentanyl 2 mcg/ kg. Airway was maintained with LMA. Anesthesia was maintained by sevoflurane in oxygen and air. Blood pressure and Heart rate was kept with 20% of baseline reading. Adequacy of surgical muscle relaxation was asked by the surgeon during surgery and was graded as good, fair or poor. Results: Mean age of the patients was 2.4 year. There were 76 male and 8 female patients. 47 patients were operated for inguinal herniotomy, 32 for orchedopexy and 5 for umbilical herniotomy. Surgical muscle relaxation was good in all of the patients and none of them required use of muscle relaxants. Recovery of all patients was smooth. Discussion: Adequate surgical muscle relaxation is important to facilitate surgery. In paediatric population sevoflurane produces enough muscle relaxation for intubation and surgical muscle relaxation. Monitoring of muscle relaxation can be clinical as well as through muscle twitches. Conclusion: Our study showed that in paediatric population the elective surgical procedures of groin region can be done without using muscle relaxants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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12. A Rare Case of Giant Occipital Encephalocele With Thoracic Myelomeningocele: An Anesthetic Conundrum.
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Kalbande JV, Deotale KD, Singha SK, Karim HMR, and Dubey R
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Encephalocele and myelomeningocele are congenital defects in the cranium and spine with herniation of contents into an extracranial and extraspinal sac, respectively. The occurrence of encephalocele and myelomeningocele in the same patient has rarely been described in the literature. The anesthetic management of such cases is associated with multiple challenges, which include difficulty in securing the airway, prone positioning, blood loss, electrolyte imbalance, hypothermia, cardiorespiratory disturbances, and perioperative care. The main aims are, to prevent hemodynamic fluctuations and excessive pressure on the sac to avoid premature rupture and manage a possible difficult airway due to the head and neck mass. We report such a rare case to highlight and share our experiences faced during perioperative management of a giant vascular occipital encephalocele with impending rupture and thoracic myelomeningocele requiring surgical excision and repair. Previous similar case reports were also reviewed, and potential perioperative complications were discussed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Kalbande et al.)
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- 2022
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13. Anestesia em criança operada para lábio leporino associado à síndrome de Patau
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Geeta Singariya, Jeet Bhagde, Annie Miju Simon, Manoj Kamal, Amar Singh, and Don Varghese
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0301 basic medicine ,Cleft lip ,Fenda palatina ,Anestesia pediátrica ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Lábio leporino ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Síndrome de Patau ,Cleft palate ,030225 pediatrics ,Paediatric anesthesia ,Patau's syndrome - Abstract
Patients with Patau's syndrome (Trisomy 13) have multiple craniofacial, cardiac, neurological and renal anomalies with very less life expectancy. Among craniofacial anomalies cleft lip and palate are common. These craniofacial and cardiac anomalies present difficulties with anesthesia. We therefore describe the anesthetic management in the case of a Trisomy 13 child for operated for cleft lip at 10 months of age. Resumo Os pacientes com síndrome de Patau (trissomia 13) apresentam várias anomalias craniofaciais, cardíacas, neurológicas e renais, com expectativa de vida bem menor. Entre as anomalias craniofaciais, o lábio leporino e a fenda palatina são comuns. Essas anomalias craniofaciais e cardíacas apresentam dificuldades na anestesia. Portanto, descrevemos o manejo anestésico em uma criança de 10 meses com trissomia 13 submetida à cirurgia de lábio leporino.
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- 2018
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14. Evaluation und Implementierung der 'Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale' im Aufwachraum bei Patienten mit einem Lebensalter unter 14 Jahren
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Dörrfuß, Jakob Immanuel
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PAED Scale ,delirium ,children ,agitation ,emergence delirium ,paediatric anesthesia ,postoperative complications ,anesthesia ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Einleitung: Das Emergence Delirium (ED) ist eine wichtige Komplikation nach Allgemeinanästhesie bei Kindern. Angaben zu Häufigkeit, prädiktiven und protektiven Faktoren sowie zur Therapie des EDs unterscheiden sich teilweise erheblich. In dieser Arbeit wurden mithilfe der großen Patientenzahl in einem Universitätsklinikum ebendiese Punkte untersucht, um ein besseres Verständnis dieser bedeutsamen Komplikation zu erlangen. Methodik: Die Arbeit wurde als prospektive Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten im Alter von 0 bis 14 Jahren, die im Kinderaufwachraum der Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum behandelt wurden. Das ED wurde mithilfe der Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale diagnostiziert. Gleichzeitig wurden altersadäquate Schmerz-Scores und Daten zur Anästhesie sowie zur Dauer und Therapie des EDs erhoben. Der Veröffentlichung der Daten wurde durch die Ethikkommission (Antragsnummer EA1/113/12) die Genehmigung erteilt, der Datenschutzbeauftragte der Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin genehmigte die Erfassung und Speicherung der Daten. Ergebnisse: Bei 10,5 Prozent der untersuchten Patienten (86/821) trat ein ED auf. Auf Basis der klinischen Einschätzung des Personals im Aufwachraum wäre nur bei 5,7 Prozent (43/821) ein ED diagnostiziert worden. Prädiktive Faktoren in der multivariaten Datenanalyse waren Alter < 5 Jahre (95% CI: 1,585 – 4,574; p < 0,001), ASA- Physical Status I (95% CI: 1,057 – 2,753; p = 0,029) und Eingriffe im Kopf- Hals-Bereich (95% CI: 1,446 – 3,387; p < 0,001). Zwischen Schmerzen und ED bestand eine starke Assoziation: 83,9 Prozent (52/62) der Patienten unter 5 Jahren mit ED hatten auch einen interventionsbedürftigen Schmerz-Score. Bei 24,4 Prozent (21/86) der Patienten mit ED war eine zusätzliche medikamentöse Therapie mit Clonidin und/oder Propofol notwendig. Schlussfolgerung: Das ED tritt seltener auf als erwartet, ist aber dennoch eine häufige Komplikation nach Allgemeinanästhesie bei Kindern unter 14 Jahren. Jüngere, gesündere Patienten, die im Kopf-Hals-Bereich operiert werden, haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, ein ED zu entwickeln. Eine weitere Erforschung der Pathophysiologie und Therapie des EDs könnte dazu beitragen, mehr Kinder mit dem Risiko für die Entwicklung eines EDs zu identifizieren und die Prävention und Behandlung dieser Komplikation zu verbessern., Introduction: Emergence Delirium (ED) is an important complication in children undergoing general anesthesia. However, data on frequency, predictive and protective factors, and therapy of this phenomenon vary substantially. Making use of the high number of patients in a university hospital, the goal of this thesis is to examine these points in order to obtain a better understanding of this significant complication. Methods: This study was conducted as a prospective cohort study including patients at the age of 0 to 14 years who were treated in the post anesthesia care unit of the Charité Campus Virchow- Klinikum. ED was diagnosed using the Paediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale. At the same time, age-appropriate pain scores as well as data regarding anesthesia and duration and therapy of ED were collected. The publication of data was approved by the ethics committee (application number EA1/113/12). The data protection officer authorized the collection and storing of data. Results: 10.5% of the patients examined did experience an ED (86/821). Based on clinical assessment of the post anesthesia recovery room staff, ED frequency was only 5.7 percent (43/821). Multivariate data analysis showed age < 5 years (95% CI: 1.585 – 4.574; p < 0.001), ASA physical status I (95% CI: 1.057 – 2.753; p = 0.029) and surgery in the area of head and throat (95% CI: 1.446 – 3.387; p < 0.001) to be predictive factors of ED. A strong association between ED and pain was detected. 83.9% of patients (52/62) under the age of 5 years with ED did also have a pain score suggesting the need of intervention. In 24.4% of patients with ED (21/86) an additional pharmacological treatment with clonidine and/or propofol was necessary. Conclusion: ED occurs less frequently than initially expected but is still a frequent complication in children under the age of 14 years undergoing general anesthesia. Younger, healthier children having surgery in the area of the neck and throat are at an elevated risk of experiencing ED. Further investigation regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of ED could contribute to identify children at risk of experiencing ED thereby helping to prevent and to treat this complication.
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- 2017
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15. Faktori rizika za pojavu anestezioloških komplikacija tokom neurohirurških operacija u dečjem uzrastu
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Aleksić, Valentina V., Samardžić, Miroslav, Milaković, Branko, Rakić, Miodrag, Ranković, Vitomir, and Đorđević, Momčilo
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pedijatrijska anestezija ,anesteziološki rizik ,pedijatrijska neurohirurgija ,skoring sistemi ,paediatric anesthesia ,anesthetic complications ,scoring system ,anaesthetic risk ,anesteziološke komplikacije ,pediatric neurosurgery - Abstract
Uvod:Protokol za bezbednost u anesteziji Evropskog udruženja Anesteziologa, Helsinškom dekleracijom iz 2010 godine, obavezuje postojanje protokola za Preoperativnu procenu i pripremu. Da bi se anesteziološki rizik lakše prepoznao, procenjuje se kao Perioperativni rizik, a on zavisi od interakcije između faktora anestezije, faktora pacijenta i hirurških faktora. Indirektni pokazatelj anesteziološkog rizika je ASA skor-Američkog društva anesteziologa. Faktori rizika u neroanesteziji kod dece mogu biti višebrojni. Cilj rada:Ima li povezanosti između pridruženih bolesti i pojave anestezioloških komplikacija?;Da li pozicioniranje bolesnika u nestandardne položaje, prilikom neurohirurških operacija, dovodi do češće pojave anestezioloških komplikacija?;Da li trajanje anestezije utiče na pojavu anestezioloških komplikacija?;Da li se razlikuju faktori rizika/prediktori koji izazivaju lake i teške anesteziološke komplikacije?;Kako naš Pedijatrijski Neuro Anesteziološki Skor korelira sa ASA i GCS skorovima u proceni pojave komplikacija i ishoda anestezije operisane dece? Metod rada: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao kohortna prospektivna studija, od 01. jula 2009. do 30.juna 2010 godine, na Klinici za neurohirurgiju Kliničkog centra Srbije u Beogradu, a uključila je unapred neograničen broj bolesnika dečjeg uzrasta. Kriterijumi za uključenje: bolesnici od 0-15 godina koji se preoperativno procenjuju i pripremaju za elektivne i hitne neurohirurške operacije u opštoj endotrahealnoj anesteziji. Kriterijumi za isključenje: nekompletne istorije bolesti; konzervativno lečenje; operisani bez opšte endotrahealne anestezije; operisani u Urgentnom centru KCS na urgentnoj neurohirurgiji. Kliniča metodologija:uzorak obrađenih podataka čini baza podataka i dve grupe ispitanika u zavisnosti da li su imali anesteziološku komplikaciju.Sve komplikacije su posmatrane kao lake anesteziološke komplikacije (LAK), teške (TAK) i ukupne (lake i teške anesteziološke komplikacije zajedno). Svi bolesnici su bodovani sa ASA skorom, GCS-Glasgov koma skorom i novim -PNARS skorom.Statistička metodologija: Deskriptivne i analitičke statističke metode. Za analitičko testiranje značajnosti razlike korišćeni su parametarski (,,t’’ test za nezavisne uzorke) i neparametarski testovi (Mann-Whitney U test, Hi- kvadrat test i McNemar test)... Introduction:Protocol for safety in anesthesia of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, (Helsinki Declarations,2010.) requires the existence of protocols for the perioperative assessment and preparation. To help identify the risk of anesthesia estimated as the perioperative risk, and it depends on the interaction between the factors of anesthesia, patient factors and surgical factors. Indirect indicator of the risk in anesthesia is ASA-American Society of Anesthesiologists. Risk factors of the neuroanesthesia in children can be multiple optional. Aim:Is there any connection between the comorbidityand the occurrence of complications of anesthesia?; Do positioning patients during neurosurgical operations, leading to an increased incidence of anesthetic complications?; Does duration of anesthesia affect the occurrence of anesthetic complications?; Have we distinction between risk factors / predictors that cause minor or major anesthetic complications?; How our Pediatric Neuro Anesthesia Score correlated with ASA and GCS scores in the assessment of complications and outcomes of anesthesia in children? Metodology of investigation:The study was conducted as a prospective cohort study from the 01 July 2009. to the 30 June 2010. at the Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia and included in advance non restricted number of pediatric patients. Criteria for inclusion: patients from 0-15 years who are assessed preoperatively and prepare for elective and emergency neurosurgical operation under general endotracheal anesthesia. Criteria for exclusion: incomplete medical history; conservative treatment;, surgery without general endotraheal anesthesia; patients operated at the Emergency Center of the CCS. Clinical methods: A sample of the processed data is collected in the data base, and the two groups of patients according to whether they had anesthetic complications. All complications were observed as minor anesthetic complications (LAK), major (TAC) and total (minor and major complications of anesthesia together).All patients were scored with ASA score, GCS-Glasgow coma score and new-PNARS score. Statistical methods: descriptive and analytical statistical methods. For analytical testing the significance of differences were used parametric (,, t'' test for independent samples) and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test and McNemar test).
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- 2013
16. Vergleich von Kaudalanästhesie und dorsalem Peniswurzelblock hinsichtlich des Opioidbedarfs im Kindesalter
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Stegmeier, Susanne
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caudal block ,children ,infants ,emergence delirium ,regional anaesthesia ,paediatric anesthesia ,penile nerve block ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Hintergrund: Der dorsale Peniswurzelblock (DPWB) und die Kaudalanästhesie (KDA) sind in der Kinderanästhesie etablierte Regionalanästhesieverfahren (RA- Verfahren) zur intra- und postoperativen Analgesie mit wenigen Nebenwirkungen. Hierbei zeichnet sich eine erfolgreiche RA dadurch aus, dass der Patient absolut keine Schmerzen empfinden sollte. In der Klink für Kinderanästhesie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin war nach einem DPWB ein vermehrter zusätzlicher Bedarf des Opioids Piritramid auffällig. Die Versagerquote (VQ) wurde untersucht und Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Analgesiekonzeptes erörtert. Methodik: Diese retrospektive Anwendungsbeobachtung wertete 507 archivierte Anästhesieprotokolle aus dem Zeitraum vom 1.1.2006 bis 4.9.2007 aus. Die VQ wurde mittels des zusätzlichen intra- und postoperativen Opioidbedarfes beschrieben. Dabei sollte die Fehlinterpretation eines Emergence Delirium (ED) als postoperative Schmerzen mit folgender Piritramidgabe anhand von Schmerz- und Delirium-Scores aufgedeckt und in den Berechnungen zur VQ ausgeschlossen werden. Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Analgesiekonzeptes wurden mittels der Ergebnisse und Literaturrecherche ausgearbeitet. Ergebnisse: Die VQ einer KDA liegt mit 7,5% (5/67) im unteren Bereich der bislang publizierten Studienlage von 4-20%. Die VQ des DPWB ist mit 34,5% (19/55) deutlich über der publizierten Studienlage von 3,7-6,4%. Die Regressionsanalyse zeigt einen signifikanten Zusammenhang der Piritramigabe (p=0,002) zum DPWB und zu mäßigen (p=0,014) und starken (p=0,042) Schmerzen im Aufwachraum (AWR). Bei lediglich 15,6% (19/122) der Kinder wurde der PAED-Score dokumentiert; von denen erfüllten 26,3% (5/19) die Kriterien für ein ED. Im Vergleich erhielten Kinder mit einem ED zu 60% (3/5) Piritramid, während Kinder ohne ED zu 21,4% (3/14) Piritramid erhielten. Keines der Kinder wurde bezüglich eines ED therapiert. Diskussion: 1\. Die Daten bestätigen die Beobachtung, dass die KDA eine gute Erfolgsquote zeigt, während der DPWB im Vergleich zur KDA als auch zur publizierten Studienlage eine höhere VQ hat. Bei der statistischen Evaluation möglicher Einflussfaktoren konnte hierbei keine eindeutige und überzeugende Erklärung gefunden werden. Eine mögliche Erklärung könnte in der ausgewählten Technik des DBWB an sich liegen. Für eine optimierte Analgesie könnte zur effektiven Analgesie der Nervi dorsales penis und Nervi perineales die Kombination des subpubischen dorsalen Peniswurzelblock nach Dalens mit einer zusätzlichen subkutanen Quaddel am ventralen penoskrotalen Übergang zur Anästhesie der das Frenulum mitversorgenden Nervi perineales erfolgsversprechend sein. 2\. Es wurde kein Kind mit einem ED aus den Berechnungen der VQ ausgeschlossen, da nicht auszuschließen war, dass gleichzeitig zum ED ein Versagen des RA- Verfahrens mit Schmerzen vorlag. Die hier vorgelegte Studie spiegelt im Rahmen einer geringen Fallzahl die Tendenz wider, dass Kinder ohne adäquate RA ein erhöhtes Risiko für ein ED entwickeln. Kinder mit einem ED können unter diesen Bedingungen nicht eindeutig von Kindern mit Schmerzen diskriminiert werden. Zur Verbesserung der diagnostischen Differenzierung zwischen Schmerz und einem ED sollten die Etablierung der „induction compliance checklist (ICC)“ nach Kain sowie Dokumente zur systematischen Erfassung anderer Einflussfaktoren eines ED mit herangezogen werden. 3\. Es zeigte sich Optimierungspotential in der Schmerz- und ED-Erhebung. Eine Etablierung von standardisierten, validierten und altersentsprechenden Schmerz- und ED-Scorings sowie der Erhebungszeiträume im AWR sollten erwogen werden. 4\. Im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements sollten prospektive Studien die modifizierten Verfahren und den anästhesiologischen Ablauf neu bewerten. Schlussfolgerung: Der (modifizierte) DPWB nach Dalens und die KDA sollten, sofern die Eltern dem Verfahren zustimmen, unter Berücksichtigung von Indikationen und Kontraindikation keinem Kind zur intra- und postoperativen Analgesie vorenthalten werden. Zum Erfolg des RA-Verfahrens gehört neben einer evidence based Technik ein fundiertes Gesamtkonzept des anästhesiologischen Ablaufes mit validierten Scores und Einbindung der Fachpflegekräfte und Eltern., Background: In paediatric anaesthesia, the dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) and the caudal block (KB) are established methods in regional anaesthesia (RA) for intra- and postoperative analgesia with few side effects. With a successful RA the patient should feel absolutely no pain. In the clinic for paediatric anaesthesia, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow- Klinikum, an increased need of additional opioid piritramide could be observed after a DPNB. The failure rate (FR) was investigated and improvements of the analgesia concept were discussed. Methods: The retrospective observational study evaluated 507 archived anaesthesia logs from 1.1.2006 to 4.9.2007. FR was described via additional intra- and postoperative opioid requirement. Misinterpretations of Emergence Delirium (ED) as postoperative pain with following piritramide medication were reassessed on the basis of pain and delirium scores and excluded in the calculations for the FR. Concluding from the results and literature review, approaches to improve the analgesia concept were discussed. Results: FR of KB is 7.5% (5/67) and hence at a low level compared to previously published studies that range from 4-20%. FR of DPNB is significantly higher with 34.5% (19/55) with regard to published study data from 3.7-6.4%. Regression analysis shows a significant correlation of piritramide application (p = 0.002) for DPNB and moderate (p = 0.014) and severe (p = 0.042) pain in the recovery room (RR). Only 15.6% (19/122) of the children had been documented with delirium scores, of these 26.3% (5/19) fulfilled the criteria for an ED. Children with ED received piritramide in 60% of the cases (3/5), compared to 21.4% of children without ED (3/14). None of the children were treated concerning an ED. Discussion: 1\. The data confirm the observation that KB has a good success rate, whilst DPNB compared to KB and to published studies has a higher FR. Statistical analysis did not reveal influencing factors and no convincing explanation regarding the higher FR could be found. A possible explanation may be related to the technique of DPNB itself. For effective and optimized analgesia of the penis, the combined analgesia of the Nervi dorsales penis and Nervi perineales, by combining the subpubic dorsal penile nerve block by Dalens with an additional subcutaneous injection in the ventral penoskrotal transition for anaesthesia of the frenulum sensory innervating Nervi perineales, could be promising. 2\. No child with an ED was excluded from the calculations of the FR. It could not be ruled out that also a failure of RA with pain occurred simultaneously. The present study shows, based on a small number of cases, a tendency that children without adequate RA develop an increased risk of ED. Under these conditions, children with ED cannot clearly be discriminated from children with pain. To improve diagnostic differentiation between pain and ED the "induction compliance checklist (ICC)" by Kain and systematic recording of other influencing factors of an ED should be used. 3\. Scoring of pain and ED can be optimized. Establishing standardized, validated and age-appropriate pain and ED scorings at specific times in the RR should be considered. 4\. In the context of quality management, prospective studies should re-evaluate the modified RA and all relevant procedures related to analgesia in routine hospital practice. Conclusion: On the basis of indications and contraindications, and if the parents agree to the procedure, no child should be denied intra-and postoperative analgesia with KB and the (modified) DPNB by Dalens. Successful RA is based on evidence-based technology and includes a coherent concept of the anaesthetic procedures with validated scores and the participation of professional nurses and parents.
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- 2013
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17. Faktori rizika za pojavu anestezioloških komplikacija tokom neurohirurških operacija u dečjem uzrastu
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Samardžić, Miroslav, Milaković, Branko, Rakić, Miodrag, Ranković, Vitomir, Đorđević, Momčilo, Aleksić, Valentina V., Samardžić, Miroslav, Milaković, Branko, Rakić, Miodrag, Ranković, Vitomir, Đorđević, Momčilo, and Aleksić, Valentina V.
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Uvod:Protokol za bezbednost u anesteziji Evropskog udruženja Anesteziologa, Helsinškom dekleracijom iz 2010 godine, obavezuje postojanje protokola za Preoperativnu procenu i pripremu. Da bi se anesteziološki rizik lakše prepoznao, procenjuje se kao Perioperativni rizik, a on zavisi od interakcije između faktora anestezije, faktora pacijenta i hirurških faktora. Indirektni pokazatelj anesteziološkog rizika je ASA skor-Američkog društva anesteziologa. Faktori rizika u neroanesteziji kod dece mogu biti višebrojni. Cilj rada:Ima li povezanosti između pridruženih bolesti i pojave anestezioloških komplikacija?;Da li pozicioniranje bolesnika u nestandardne položaje, prilikom neurohirurških operacija, dovodi do češće pojave anestezioloških komplikacija?;Da li trajanje anestezije utiče na pojavu anestezioloških komplikacija?;Da li se razlikuju faktori rizika/prediktori koji izazivaju lake i teške anesteziološke komplikacije?;Kako naš Pedijatrijski Neuro Anesteziološki Skor korelira sa ASA i GCS skorovima u proceni pojave komplikacija i ishoda anestezije operisane dece? Metod rada: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao kohortna prospektivna studija, od 01. jula 2009. do 30.juna 2010 godine, na Klinici za neurohirurgiju Kliničkog centra Srbije u Beogradu, a uključila je unapred neograničen broj bolesnika dečjeg uzrasta. Kriterijumi za uključenje: bolesnici od 0-15 godina koji se preoperativno procenjuju i pripremaju za elektivne i hitne neurohirurške operacije u opštoj endotrahealnoj anesteziji. Kriterijumi za isključenje: nekompletne istorije bolesti; konzervativno lečenje; operisani bez opšte endotrahealne anestezije; operisani u Urgentnom centru KCS na urgentnoj neurohirurgiji. Kliniča metodologija:uzorak obrađenih podataka čini baza podataka i dve grupe ispitanika u zavisnosti da li su imali anesteziološku komplikaciju.Sve komplikacije su posmatrane kao lake anesteziološke komplikacije (LAK), teške (TAK) i ukupne (lake i teške anesteziološke komplikacije zajedno). Svi bolesnici s, Introduction:Protocol for safety in anesthesia of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, (Helsinki Declarations,2010.) requires the existence of protocols for the perioperative assessment and preparation. To help identify the risk of anesthesia estimated as the perioperative risk, and it depends on the interaction between the factors of anesthesia, patient factors and surgical factors. Indirect indicator of the risk in anesthesia is ASA-American Society of Anesthesiologists. Risk factors of the neuroanesthesia in children can be multiple optional. Aim:Is there any connection between the comorbidityand the occurrence of complications of anesthesia?; Do positioning patients during neurosurgical operations, leading to an increased incidence of anesthetic complications?; Does duration of anesthesia affect the occurrence of anesthetic complications?; Have we distinction between risk factors / predictors that cause minor or major anesthetic complications?; How our Pediatric Neuro Anesthesia Score correlated with ASA and GCS scores in the assessment of complications and outcomes of anesthesia in children? Metodology of investigation:The study was conducted as a prospective cohort study from the 01 July 2009. to the 30 June 2010. at the Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia and included in advance non restricted number of pediatric patients. Criteria for inclusion: patients from 0-15 years who are assessed preoperatively and prepare for elective and emergency neurosurgical operation under general endotracheal anesthesia. Criteria for exclusion: incomplete medical history; conservative treatment;, surgery without general endotraheal anesthesia; patients operated at the Emergency Center of the CCS. Clinical methods: A sample of the processed data is collected in the data base, and the two groups of patients according to whether they had anesthetic complications. All complications were observed as minor anesthetic complications (LAK), major (TAC) and total (m
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- 2013
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