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Background: This research was accomplished to evaluate the IHC expression of p16 (ink4a) and CK17 in low grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and invasive cervical carcinomas and to assess their correlation to HPV (16E6+18E6). Methods: The study included (127) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies; of which 22 cases were chronic cervicitis, 24 cases were LSIL, 28 cases were HSIL and 53 cases were invasive cervical carcinomas. Sections were immunohistochemically stained for p16 (ink4a), CK17 and HPV (16E6+18E6). Results: The study established a highly significant increase in IHC of expression of p16 (ink4a), CK17 and HPV (16E6+18E6) from LSIL through HSIL to invasive carcinomas (P-value˂0.001). There was non-significant association between IHC expression of all makers with age of patients; types, grade and stage of cervical carcinomas (P-value˃0.05). HPV (16E6+18E6) revealed a significantly positive correlation with p16 (ink4a) (P-value˂0.05) and a non- significant correlation with CK17 (P-value˃0.05); in LSIL, HSIL and invasive carcinoma cases. Conclusion: p16 (ink4a) expression directly reflects infection with high risk HPV in cervical lesions and can add a significant diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of CIN. CK 17 is a good marker of malignant transformation, with increasing in its expression according to the severity of cervical lesions; however, it is not related to HPV infection. Both markers are not related to prognostic variables of patients with cervical carcinoma.

Aim: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. The p16INK4a and bcl-2 genes are the two major pathways involved in control of the cell cycle. They also play key roles in breast carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the histopathologic parameters in the “Modified ScarffBloom-Richardson” microscopic grading and expression of p16 and bcl-2 gene in cases with invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods: We examined 88 patients who were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma between 2011 and 2013 in Haseki Educational and Research Hospital Pathology Department. Immunohistochemical staining for p16 and bcl-2 was performed. Results: Increased expression of p16 gene was statistically significantly related with increased tubule formation, pleomorfism, mitosis rate and histological grade (p=0.008, p=0.001, p=0.005, and p

The association of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions with malignant transformation risk has remained a controversial topic and is of clinical importance. Therefore, the present study evaluated the expression levels of p16, Ki-67, budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 3 (Bub-3) and sex-determining region Y-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4), and their roles as precancerous biomarkers in OLP. A retrospective study was performed, in which tissue blocks of OLP, oral dysplasia (OD), cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) and oral fibrous hyperplasia (OFH) were used (n=120). A positivity index (PI) for p16, BUB3, Ki-67 and SOX4 expression was calculated in each group. The PI for p16 was 20.65% for OLP, 7.85% for OD, 86.59% for CLP and 11.8% for OFH, and the difference between these groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). PIs of Ki-67 were indicated as 11.6% for OLP, 14.4% for OD, 8.24% for CLP and 5.5% for OFH, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (P<0.001). Notably, the expression levels of BUB3 were not statistically different among groups. The highest expression levels of SOX4 were identified in CLP (P<0.001 vs. OLP/CLP; P=0,001 vs. CLP/OD). The determined expression levels of p16 and Ki-67 suggest that specific OLP lesions may have an intermediate malignant potential and should be carefully followed up. The intense SOX4 staining in CLP indicated a different proliferation pattern of epithelium compared with oral mucosa cells. These findings suggest that SOX4 expression may also be associated with the different clinical courses of OLP and CLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesAlthough human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as a favorable prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer, the prognosis of HPV-associated tonsil cancer has rarely been studied especially when surgery was the main treatment. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of p16 over-expression (HPV infection) on tonsil cancer prognosis according to the type of treatment, HPV presence by PCR, and expression of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by immunohistochemistry (IHC).MethodsMedical records of 33 tonsil cancer patients were reviewed. Using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, PCR-based genotyping of HPV and IHC of p16, p53 and EGFR were performed. The effects of HPV presence and the expression of IHC markers were analyzed on the recurrence-free survival. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were evaluated according to p16 expression status.ResultsAn over-expression of p16 was observed in 27 (81.9%) out of 33 cases. Surgery-based treatment was provided for 21 (63.6%) patients. There was no association between p16 immunoreactivity and HPV presence, nor with p53 and EGFR expression. Regardless of main treatment modalities, five-year DFS did not differ by p16 expression status (P=0.051). However, over-expression of p16 was associated with a lower recurrence in multivariable analyses (P=0.046).ConclusionRegardless of main treatment modalities, an over-expression of p16 (HPV infection) is associated with a lower recurrence in tonsil cancers. However it is not associated with simple HPV presence or p53 and EGFR over-expression.

Aim: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. The p16INK4a and bcl-2 genes are the two major pathways involved in control of the cell cycle. They also play key roles in breast carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the histopathologic parameters in the "Modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson" microscopic grading and expression of p16 and bcl-2 gene in cases with invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods: We examined 88 patients who were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma between 2011 and 2013 in Haseki Educational and Research Hospital Pathology Department. Immunohistochemical staining for p16 and bcl-2 was performed. Results: Increased expression of p16 gene was statistically significantly related with increased tubule formation, pleomorfism, mitosis rate and histological grade (p=0.008, p=0.001, p=0.005, and p<0.001, respectively). We found a statistically significant relationship of the rise of the expression of bcl-2 gene with decreased mitosis rate and histological grade (p=0.026 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusion: As a result, it was observed that there was a positive correlation between parameters included in Modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system with p16 in addition to negative correlation with bcl-2 expression. p16 and bcl-2 are important prognostic biomarkers in human breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and their metastases in canine lymph nodes and lungs. Tissue sections were stained using classical technique with haematoxylin and eosin. In addition, immunohistochemical studies were performed with p16, cytokeratin, and Ki-67 antibodies. An expression of all examined antigens was detected in laryngeal tumours, while in tumour metastases only expression of p16 protein and cytokeratin was demonstrated. The results pointed to higher proliferative potential of the primary tumour than of their metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in New Zealand is due to an increase in the numbers of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated OPSCC. We evaluated the impact of positive p16 immunohistochemistry, as a surrogate for HPV positivity, on OPSCC outcomes after primary intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy., Methods: Retrospective review was undertaken of electronic medical records of 90 patients with OPSCC who received primary IMRT with or without chemotherapy between 2008 and mid-2015 at the Regional Cancer Centre, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand., Results: Median age was 57.5 years. Immunohistochemistry for p16 was positive in 53 (59%) OPSCC while 37 (41%) had negative or unknown p16 status. Median radiotherapy dose was 70 Gy. Chemotherapy was administered to 78 (87%) patients, most receiving high-dose cisplatin. Nine patients had residual disease following treatment completion. Seven patients relapsed, and 26 died during the study period. Five patients with p16-positive OPSCC had persistent or recurrent disease. Actuarial 3-year locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival for all patients were 80.7%, 74.7%, and 77.1%, respectively. Among p16-positive OPSCC patients, 3-year locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 89.5%, 80.8%, and 90.9%, respectively., Conclusion: Outcomes after IMRT for OPSCC at Waikato Hospital are in line with the reported literature. Human papilloma virus-related OPSCC has better outcomes compared with patients with unknown or HPV-unrelated OPSCC. Trials are underway evaluating reduced intensity of treatment for HPV-related OPSCC., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: This research was accomplished to evaluate the IHC expression of p16 (ink4a) and CK17 in low grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and invasive cervical carcinomas and to assess their correlation to HPV (16E6+18E6)., Methods: The study included (127) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies; of which 22 cases were chronic cervicitis, 24 cases were LSIL, 28 cases were HSIL and 53 cases were invasive cervical carcinomas. Sections were immunohistochemically stained for p16 (ink4a), CK17 and HPV (16E6+18E6)., Results: The study established a highly significant increase in IHC of expression of p16 (ink4a), CK17 and HPV (16E6+18E6) from LSIL through HSIL to invasive carcinomas ( P -value˂0.001). There was non-significant association between IHC expression of all makers with age of patients; types, grade and stage of cervical carcinomas ( P -value˃0.05). HPV (16E6+18E6) revealed a significantly positive correlation with p16 (ink4a) ( P -value˂0.05) and a non- significant correlation with CK17 ( P -value˃0.05); in LSIL, HSIL and invasive carcinoma cases., Conclusion: p16 (ink4a) expression directly reflects infection with high risk HPV in cervical lesions and can add a significant diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of CIN. CK 17 is a good marker of malignant transformation, with increasing in its expression according to the severity of cervical lesions; however, it is not related to HPV infection. Both markers are not related to prognostic variables of patients with cervical carcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no Conflict of Interests.

Objectives: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as a favorable prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer, the prognosis of HPV-associated tonsil cancer has rarely been studied especially when surgery was the main treatment. In this study, the authors investigated the effect of p16 over-expression (HPV infection) on tonsil cancer prognosis according to the type of treatment, HPV presence by PCR, and expression of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by immunohistochemistry (IHC)., Methods: Medical records of 33 tonsil cancer patients were reviewed. Using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, PCR-based genotyping of HPV and IHC of p16, p53 and EGFR were performed. The effects of HPV presence and the expression of IHC markers were analyzed on the recurrence-free survival. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were evaluated according to p16 expression status., Results: An over-expression of p16 was observed in 27 (81.9%) out of 33 cases. Surgery-based treatment was provided for 21 (63.6%) patients. There was no association between p16 immunoreactivity and HPV presence, nor with p53 and EGFR expression. Regardless of main treatment modalities, five-year DFS did not differ by p16 expression status (P=0.051). However, over-expression of p16 was associated with a lower recurrence in multivariable analyses (P=0.046)., Conclusion: Regardless of main treatment modalities, an over-expression of p16 (HPV infection) is associated with a lower recurrence in tonsil cancers. However it is not associated with simple HPV presence or p53 and EGFR over-expression.