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Pollution with heavy metals has become a serious problem that threatens all living organisms. Cadmium (Cd) pollution has become focus of the environmental studies and can negatively affect human health and plant growth. Molybdenum has been highlighted as a stressresistant micronutrient that supports the defense system against environmental stresses. In this context, this study highlighted the role of molybdenum in the mitigation of the toxic effect of cadmium in wheat seedlings. The study included four concentrations of cadmium (0, 75, 150, and 225 mg L-1), three concentrations of molybdenum (0, 15, and 30 mg L-1), and two wheat genotypes (G-31 and IRAQ). These factors were laid as a factorial experiment according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results of this study indicated the negative impact of cadmium on wheat seedlings' growth in terms of physiological and anatomical traits. It also highlighted the positive role of molybdenum in the mitigation of the toxic effect of cadmium. Molybdenum at a concentration of 15 mg L-1 enhanced the structure of the root and leaf of cadmiumtreated wheat. The two wheat genotypes did not vary in terms of anatomy when they were treated with molybdenum. Further studies are required on a wide range of wheat genotypes to investigate their ability to withstand heavy metal stress. Therefore, heavy metal-tolerant genotypes could be utilized in heavy metal-contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major challenges that plant breeders face in the 21st century is food safety for growing human population coupled with extreme climate changes. Accordingly, the most important breeders’ goal is to find appropriate methods in response to these challenges in order to create high-yielding varieties resilient to abiotic and biotic stressors. The aim of this study was to determine optimal doses of gamma irradiation in two wheat and one barley varieties and to apply the identified doses for development of mutant populations. Wheat and barley varieties showed different reactions to applied doses of gamma irradiation. Wheat varieties had germination rate over 90% at all applied doses while barley seeds showed to be more susceptible to gamma irradiation. Gamma irradiation had greater influence on seedling height which was clearly demonstrated by growth reduction with increasing radiation doses. ANOVA showed a significant difference between genotypes, applied doses of gamma radiation as well as genotype by doses interaction for seedling height. At highest dose of 600 Gy, the reduction of seedling height was 94.6%, 96.5% and 96.8% in Simonida, Rudnik and NS 40S, respectively. The irradiation doses that resulted in seedling growth reduction by 50% (GR50) were 210 Gy for barley Rudnik and wheat NS 40S, and 310 Gy for wheat variety Simonida. Identified doses were used for the irradiation of 2000 seeds of each variety in order to produce mutant populations that will be further used in a breeding program for development of varieties with increased resilience to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriculture / Poljoprivreda is the property of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Different agro-ecological conditions have a great influence on the phenotypical expression of yield components and grain yield. Besides this, their relationships are changed, too. In extreme wet conditions of the year, with large amounts of precipitations during the most important development stages, phenotypic differences and the relationship between the most important yield components and grain yield are less pronounced. Coefficients of variation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were used to determine the performances of advanced wheat genotypes under different agro-climatic conditions of research locations. In this research, the highest degree of variation, i.e. coefficients of variation for spikes mass and grain mass per plant from localities Kragujevac, Kruševac, and Sombor were expressed. Compared with the other two localities, the locality Sombor is distinguished by a strong and positive degree of correlations between yield components and grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriculture / Poljoprivreda is the property of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture / Poljoprivreda is the property of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Botanica Serbica is the property of University of Belgrade, Institute of Botany & Botanical Garden Jevremovac and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dosadašnji načini kontrole uzročnika bolesti koji, među ostalim, podrazumijevaju uporabu fungicida prema novim zakonodavnim okvirima i novim strategijama u biljnom zdravstvu nailaze na sve veće restrikcije. Pronalaženje nekemijskih sredstava za zaštitu usjeva od biološki preparat, Fusarium graminearum, pšenica, zrnobolesti je od velikog interesa za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, stoga je u našem istraživanju ispitan učinak novog biološkog preparata (BP) za kontrolu gljive Fusarium graminearum na klijancima pšenice. Biološki preparat primijenjen je na tri različita načina: inokulacijom zrna pšenice, zalijevanjem, te inokulacijom zrna i zalijevanjem. Utvrđeno je kako se intenzitet bolesti primjenom BP smanjuje, a najbolji rezultati dobiveni su inokulacijom zrna prije sjetve dok je zalijevanje površine BP polučilo slabije rezultate. Također, ukoliko je zrno već tretirano biološkim preparatom dodatna aplikacija zalijevanjem nije bila opravdana ni s ekološkog ni s ekonomskog aspekta.

The field experiment with the wheat varieties Simonida, NS 40 S, Zvezdana, NS Ilina, NS Futura, NS Mila and NS Obala was set up on the smonica-type soil during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons. The aim of the research was to analyse the yield, weight of 1000 grains and hectolitre weight of seven Novi Sad wheat varieties grown on slightly acidic soil. The highest values of the observed properties were established in the 2017/18 vegetation year with moderate temperatures and a higher amount of precipitation. Varieties NS Futura, NS Obala and NS 40 S had the highest grain yield during the two-year study. The Simonida variety was characterized by the highest hectolitre weight. The highest values of hectolitre weight were found in the Zvezdana variety in both study years. The analysis of variance established a highly significant influence of the interaction of agro climatic conditions and genotype on the weight of 1000 grains and the hectolitre weight of the tested varieties of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Selen (Se) je mikronutrijent koji se u prirodi pojavljuje u tragovima, ali u brojnim organskim i anorganskim oblicima. Primijenjen u odgovarajućim koncentracijama ima brojne pozitivne učinke na organizme, dok izloženost prekomjernim koncentracijama Se vodi ka toksičnosti i oksidacijskom stresu. Količina Se koja se dnevno unosi prehranom odraz je zastupljenosti elementa u tlu. Na svjetskoj razini prevladavajući je udio područja siromašnih Se, stoga se pojavljuje i velik broj oboljelih od malnutricije. Obećavajuće rješenje problema je biofortifikacija usjeva, ponajprije pšenice, jedne od najzastupljnijih žitarica u prehrani ljudi. Biofortifikacija usjeva poboljšava kvalitetu prehrambenih proizvoda uslijed povećanja koncentracije bioraspoloživog Se, a na područjima siromašnim Se najčešći izbor je agronomska biofortifikacija.

Magnitude and type of gene actions in a specific population are the main criteria for the parents' selection that will develop the best recombinants after hybridization. Information about the genetic control of complex traits is useful for the further development of efficient breeding programs. In order to identify action of genes for grain yield plant-1 and its correlation with main yield components, incomplete diallel crossing was applied. The field trial was conducted at the experimental field of the Agricultural Advisory Service in southeastern Europe, during season 2012-2013. Mean values of F1 generation showed that crosses Apache × Prima had the highest value of grain yield plant-1 and Jackson × Balkan had the lowest. Common type of inheritance for grain yield plant-1 was over dominance. The ANOVA revealed that this trait was controlled by additive and non-additive effects. The best general combiner for grain yield plant-1 was Apache, and two crosses (Dragana × Jackson; Balaton × Nevesinjka) showed significant SCA effects. Components of genetic variance showed that dominant was more important than additive component, and the total number of dominant genes were in excess over the number of recessive genes in all parents. Furthermore, moderately low value of narrow sense heritability (h2=31.96%) was observed for grain yield plant-1. Parent Sana contained maximum dominant genes, whereas parent Jackson had maximum recessive genes. Grain yield plant-1 was significantly correlated with tillers numbers plant-1 at genotypic level (rg=0.494). The results from this study might be helpful for creating new wheat cultivars with highyielding potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Business Consultant / Poslovni Konsultant is the property of FINconsult Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Considerable interest in the consumption of bread from ancient spelt wheat with superior nutritional properties, easy digestibility and pleasant taste and aroma, has arisen recently. Yeast extract (YE) is nowadays frequently used as a natural flavor enhancer for improving organoleptic properties such as meaty, cheesy and savory attributes of different food products. YE is a natural product from the baker's yeast industry with high nutritional richness containing amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, vitamins and minerals. In this work, the effect of YE, table salt and white sugar content on fermentative activity of yeast and technological properties of spelt bread was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) aiming to define the optimal conditions for obtaining a new functional product. The addition of YE, salt and white sugar slightly decreased yeast fermentative activity, while CO2 retention in dough was found to depend more on its chemical composition. YE addition (up to 5%) was found to increase volume and decrease firmness of bread prepared from dough with sugar content up to 5%, while the opposite effect was established in bread with higher sugar content. Maximal bread elasticity was obtained for YE content of 1.57%, table salt content of 2.01% and sugar content of 7.15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriculture / Poljoprivreda is the property of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fuzarijska palež klasova (FHB) pšenice ekonomski je značajna bolest koja može imati nepovoljne posljedice na prinos i kvalitetu pšenice. Do danas ne postoji mjera zaštite koja osigurava potpunu zaštitu usjeva pšenice, ali kombinacija više mjera može dati dobre rezultate. Učinkovitost svake pojedine mjere pod utjecajem je okolišnih uvjeta koji prevladavaju tijekom vegetacijske sezone, a učinkovitost će ovisiti i o osjetljivosti pojedine sorte na FHB. Sve veći broj istraživanja potvrđuje kako je integrirana zaštita bilja (IZB) ključ za što uspješniju borbu protiv FHB-a. Kako bi primijenjene mjere zaštite bile što uspješnije, od iznimne je važnosti dobro poznavati uzročnika bolesti, njegov životni ciklus i ekologiju. Budući da je F. graminearum dominantni uzročnik FHB-a na području Republike Hrvatske, osobiti naglasak je stavljen na sve dostupne mjere zaštite u njegovu suzbijanju.

In order to determine the effect of genotype and vegetation season on the yield and components of the winter wheat yield an experiment was performed in the secondary agricultural-chemical school "Dr Đorđe Radić" in Kraljevo. Five wheat varieties (Kruna, Renesansa, Pobeda, NS 40S and Takovčanka) were examined during two growing seasons in the agro-ecological conditions of Western Serbia. Trials were arranged according to a randomized scheme in five repetitions. Grain yield (GY), 1000 grain weight (TGW) and test weight (TW) in winter wheat grain were analyzed. The study was performed as an experiment based on extremely acidic pseudogley soil. On average, for all wheat varieties, during the two-year trial, the highest yield of winter wheat 4.673 t/ha was obtained in the variety Renesansa. The Renesansa variety showed the highest yield and 1000 grain weight. The highest 1000 grain weight had been established for wheat cultivar Renesansa (43.72 g). The highest two-year average value of test weight was found in the varieties Kruna and Pobeda (77.52 kg/hl and 77.31 kg/hl). Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect of the growing season on the yield and test weight of wheat. A highly significant effect of genotype on 1000 grain weight and test weight was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriculture / Poljoprivreda is the property of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In vitro anther culture is the most commonly-used technology for doubled haploid production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and various cereals. The technology application allows the genetic attainment of homozygous pure lines from heterozygous breeding material in a single generation, and has become a rapid alternative to the conventional breeding methods. This technology also contributes to more accurately assess QTL x environmental interactions and has been applied in: genetic researches for marker-trait association study, genomics and as a target for transformation, genetic engineering, gene mapping, and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This paper reviews the most important factors that limit the efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture, such as genotype dependency and albinism, in addition to other affecting factors including the collection time of tillers and physiological growth environments of plants. Factors that improve the efficiency of wheat anther culture in mitigating both genotypic dependency and albinism have been included in this review, too, for example, genetic improvements by following a strategy to realize this purpose through using responsive breeding material for crossing, application of convenient stress pre-treatments (cold pre-treatments, heat shock treatment, colchicine, hormones, and chemicals) to induce androgenesis, and improvement of the composition of anther culture media and culture conditions. We have also highlighted the methods of chromosome doubling for the haploid wheat produced by anther culture androgenesis, such as spontaneous chromosome doubling or use of colchicine and anti-mitotic chemicals at an early stage of anther culture or as root immersion treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of natural zeolite - clinoptilolite, to protect wheat grain from storage insects within environmentally-friendly storage techniques can lead to the presence of small amounts of zeolite residues in flour. This study investigated the influence of as-received zeolite clinoptilolite (Z) and sodium-rich clinoptilolite (NaZ) in wheat dough on the dough rheological properties. Zeolites were added to dough at 0.5-1.5 wt. % flour basis level, which is a range expected to remain in the grain (flour) after treatment to control storage pests. The effects were studied in two types of wheat, conventional (Triticum aestivum) and spelt (T. aestivum spp. spelta) because they initially differ in rheological properties. NaZ was used to discern whether the presence of increased concentration of Na+ in the zeolite was able to exert a higher strengthening effect as compared to as-received zeolite (Z). NaZ exerted the highest dough strengthening effect which was mainly reflected as decreased dough softening and increased water absorption. The fact that the presence of NaZ was the most effective factor in improving the dough rheological profile suggested that the presence of movable cations in the zeolite lattice might have a pronounced role in the mechanism by which zeolite affects dough behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Triticale, a hybrid cereal developed by crossing of wheat and rye, has certain advantages over wheat, such as higher environmental tolerance and higher content of dietary fibers. The application of triticale flour in food industry is limited by poor rheological properties of dough and low gluten strength. Potential application of the hexaploid triticale cultivar --Odisej" for the production of cookies was assessed in this study. Additionally, the values of basic grain quality parameters for --Odisej" were determined, such as hectoliter weight, thousand kernel weight, grain size, protein and wet gluten content, gluten index and falling number. Cookies were prepared from refined and wholegrain triticale flour and their physical properties (dimensions, color, and hardness) and sensory properties were compared to the cookies prepared from refined and wholegrain wheat and rye flour. Cookies manufactured from the refined triticale flour had high spread ratio (diameter/high) value, similar to that of cookies prepared from refined wheat flour. Total sensory score of the cookies manufactured from refined triticale flour was the highest among all samples, indicating that it can successfully be used in cookies production. The quality of wholegrain triticale cookies could be improved by the use of milling technique adequate for the production of wholegrain flour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whole kernels of cereals are the most important source of magnesium. This mineral has several positive effects on human health. However, the human body cannot absorb 100% of magnesium from plant sources during digestion. Additionally, the wheat flour milling process usually produces refined flour with a substantially lower content of magnesium. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of milling of two wheat cultivars on total and soluble magnesium distribution in milling fractions, with the purpose of creating wheat bread with a precisely defined magnesium content. Ash content, thousand grain weight (TGW), and kernel size were analysed in five wheat cultivars. Two most statistically distinguished wheat cultivars according to these analyses (Moma and Todorka) were milled in a laboratory mill to gain as many flour fractions as possible (eleven). Magnesium was extracted from the flour and its content was measured by inductively coupled plasma. The results showed that the level of soluble magnesium in refined white flours (T-500 with ash content between 0.46-0.60d.m.%) is approximately 17% and is available for uptake in the human body. Also, by milling the Moma cultivar in an industrial mill with a capacity of 100 t per day gave 6.6 t more brown flour (T-1000 with ash content between 1.05-1.15 d.m.%) than the Todorka cultivar. Furthermore, the daily consumption of brown bread (produced from brown flour) in Serbia would satisfy about 60% of the daily magnesium requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomy Journal / Agronomski Glasnik (0002-1954) is the property of Croatian Society of Agronomists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)