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Zákon č. 89/2012 Sb., občanský zákoník, zavedl do našeho právního řádu relativně komplexnější úpravu institutu nezbytné cesty než tomu bylo za účinnosti starého občanského zákoníku. I přes tuto skutečnost však předmětná ustanovení obsahují celou řadu pojmů a nejasností, které je zapotřebí vykládat v kontextu s aktuální judikaturou. Vzhledem k tomu, že v posledních letech zažívá Česká republika tzv. realitní boom, v rámci kterého dochází k prodeji řady nemovitých věcí bez právně ošetřené příjezdové cesty, nabývá tento institut na významu. Tyto případy s sebou přináší nové a jedinečné skutkové okolnosti, na které musí reagovat právě judikatura, podle které se lze následně lépe orientovat v dané problematice. Law. nr. 89/2012 Coll., civil code, has incorporated to our legal order more complex legislation concerning the institute necessary path then it used to be under the affection of the old civil code. Despite this fact some provisions of the law still contains some concepts, which needs to be interpreted in respect with the current case law. Due to the fact, that Czech rep. is going in past few years though a reality boom and due to the fact, that some properties are being sould with out legal path, we may consider the institute of necessary path as important. The case law must respond to these circumstances, brought by a lot of real estate transactions. In accordance to this fact, we may use the case law for better interpretation of the institute necessary path.

Vrtići koji njeguju ekološki pristup prilikom odgoja djeteta te pozornost usmjeravaju na brigu o okolišu i održivom razvoju, nazivaju se ekovrtići. Cilj svakog ekovrtića je stvoriti kod djece naviku za brigu o okolišu, a kroz ekološki pristup odgajanja djece djelovati i na njihov kognitivni razvoj. U Hrvatskoj ima stotinjak ekovrtića koji su priznati od strane Međunarodne ekoškole-vrtića, a čiji je cilj ugradnja odgoja i obrazovanja za okoliš u sve segmente procesa i svakodnevni život djece, roditelja, djelatnika dječjeg vrtića i šire zajednice. Prvi dio rada donosi pregled opisa aktivnosti u eko vrtićima u smislu pristupa takve vrste odgoja u ranom obrazovanju, ali i svijesti te važnosti ekologije u životu svakog djeteta te njegove okoline. Uz to, prvi dio rada koji se bazira na pregledu relevantne znanstvene literature o spomenutoj temi, navodi i neke primjere iz europskih država gdje je ekološki pristup u vrtićima jako zastupljen. Drugi dio rada prikaz je aktivnosti jednog vrtića u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje će pokazati dio ekovrtića te njihove aktivnosti, odnosno što je to što dječji vrtići u Hrvatskoj predstavljaju kao eko program. Rad će pružiti odgovore na pitanja što je ekovrtić, kakva je razlika između hrvatskih i europskih vrtića te u konačnosti, što ekovrtići u Hrvatskoj rade kako bi provodili cilj Međunarodnog ekovrtića. Kindergartens that nurture an ecological approach when raising a child and focus attention on care for the environment and sustainable development are called eco-kindergartens. The goal of every eco-kindergarten is to create in children a habit of caring for the environment, and through an ecological approach to raising children, to influence their cognitive development. There are about a hundred eco-kindergartens in Croatia that are recognized by the International Eco-Kindergarten, whose goal is to incorporate environmental education into all segments of the process and daily life of children, parents, kindergarten workers and the wider community. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the description of activities in eco-kindergartens in terms of the approach to this kind of upbringing in early education, but also awareness and the importance of ecology in the life of each child and its environment. In addition, the first part of the paper, which is based on a review of the relevant scientific literature on the mentioned topic, cites some examples from European countries where the ecological approach in kindergartens is strongly represented. The second part of the paper is a description of the activities of a kindergarten in the Republic of Croatia. The research will show a part of eco-kindergartens and their activities, that is, what kind of eco-program kindergartens in Croatia present. The work will provide answers to the questions of what an eco-kindergarten is, what the difference between Croatian and European kindergartens is, and finally, what eco-kindergartens in Croatia do to implement the goal of the International Eco-kindergarten.

Klinički pristup i evaluacija boli u djece obuhvaćaju sljedeće: određivanje tipa i karaktera boli, izvora, lokalizacije i uz njih pratećih/povezanih znakova i simptoma te procjenu intenziteta boli. Osim navedenog, potrebno je utvrditi točan period u kojem se bol pojavila te odrediti njezino trajanje. Bol prema tipu može biti nociceptivna, neuropatska ili nociplastična, a svaki tip boli povezuje se s određenim karakterom: oštra, tupa, stiskajuća, probadajuća, grčevita, žareća, pulsirajuća i slično. Izvor i lokalizacija boli pomažu u određivanju njezine etiologije a prateći/povezani simptomi sužavaju diferencijalnu dijagnozu i ukazuju na onu najvjerojatniju. Samoprocjena intenziteta boli u djece ovisi o životnoj dobi djeteta odnosno o njegovoj kognitivnoj sposobnosti. Za procjenu se koriste: metoda samoprocjene, koja podrazumijeva dobno prilagođene ljestvice i upitnike o boli, namjenjena za djecu koja su sposobna razumjeti bol, kvantificirati ju i vizualizirati, te bihevioralno opservacijska metoda, gdje se promatraju fiziološki parametri i ponašanje djetata, namjenjena za djecu koja nisu sposobna sama procijeniti bol i nemaju sposobnost verbalizacije. Liječenje boli u djece uključuje nefarmakološke i farmakološke mjere. Nefarmakološko liječenje podrazumijeva fizikalne, bihevioralne i kognitivne metode. Farmakološko liječenje najčešće se provodi prema trostupanjskoj analgetičkoj ljestvici Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, i obuhvaća sljedeće skupine lijekova: neopioidni analgetici (paracetamol i NSAID), opioidni analgetici (slabi i jaki) te adjuvantnu terapiju. Za olakšavanje proceduralne boli u novorođenčadi i dojenčadi mogu se koristiti oralna glukoza ili saharoza, a osim toga u sve djece za proceduralnu bol koriste se topikalne i injektibilne formulacije lokalnih anestetika., Clinical approach and evaluation of pain in children includes the following: determining the type and character of pain, determining the source, location, associated signs and symptoms and severity assessment. Moreover, it is necessary to determine the onset of pain and its duration. Pain can be classified by the type as: nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic. Every type of pain is associated with a specific character: sharp, dull, squeezing, stabbing, cramping, burning, throbbing etc. Source and location of pain can help to determine its aetiology while associated signs and symptoms can narrow down the differential diagnose and indicate the most likely one. Severity assessment depends upon the child's age and cognitive ability. Two methods are used for severity assessment: First, self-reporting, which include age-appropriate pain scales and questionnaires, adequate for children who are able to understand, quantify and visualise pain. Second, the behavioural-observation method, which observes physiological parameters and behaviour of the child, which is adequate for children who cannot self-report and nonverbal children. Treatment of pain includes both, nonpharmacological and pharmacological methods. Nonpharmacological treatment consists of physical, behavioural and cognitive methods. Pharmacological treatment is most often performed according to the World Health Organisation Analgesic Ladder. It includes the following agents: nonopioid analgesics (paracetamol and NSAID), opioid analgesics (weak and strong) and adjuvant therapy. Procedural pain in newborns and infants can be relieved with oral glucose or sucrose, but topical and injectable formulations of local anaesthetics are indicated in all children.

Rekonstrukciju i revitalizaciju Providurove palače projektanti nazivaju projektom - intervencijom u prostoru imena “Parazit”, čime slikovito opisuju ugrađenu strukturu u postojeću građevinu. Nova, tehnološka struktura implementirana je u unutrašnjost Providurove palače, prethodno ogoljene do svoje konstruktivne osnove. To je splet razgranate forme, očišćene od svih suvišnih detalja kojim se javni prostor Grada nastavlja u prizemlju, gdje se sudaraju povijesni slojevi i međusobno dopunjuju različiti svjetovi.

The thesis deals with the reflection of evaluation of human dignity at work with people with mental disabilities in the facility of the STROOM DUB o. p. s. center by social workers and workers at social services. The first part of the thesis deals with the general explanation of the term human dignity, then dignity of people with mental disabilities and the significance of human dignity in Christianity. Furthermore, the thesis describes a brief overview of history and introduces the social work with people with mental disabilities. The second part of the thesis is focused on the STROOM DUB o. p. s. center, its creation and description, further on the objectives, interests and work of the center. It briefly introduces clients which reside in the center all year round or outpatient and their work and the individual therapeutic workshops. The last part of the thesis deals with the research in facilities itself, objective of which is to find out how the workers of the center - social workers and workers at social services approach clients with mental disabilities, if they respect/do not respect dignity of people with mental disabilities and how the perceive this interaction.

Procjena učinkovitosti ekosustava otvorenih podataka zadobila je značajan interes istraživača širom svijeta (vidi Welle Donker & Van Loenen, 2016; Dodds and Newman, 2015; Capgemini Consulting, 2015; Public Sector Information (PSI) Scoreboard; Independent Reporting Mechanism (IRM), 2015; World Wide Web Foundation, 2015; Open Knowledge International (OKI), 2014). Ove postojeće metode procjene usredotočuju se na status komponenti ekosustava (postoji li politika otvorenih podataka, jesu li podaci u skladu s standardima, jesu li dostupni besplatno, itd.). Pristupom prema potrebama aplikacije/korisnika, ovaj projekt implementira drugačiji pristup procjeni: otvoreni podaci kao sredstvo za procjenu (fizičkog) pristupa bolničkim zgradama.

Temeljno obrazovanje predstavlja prvu fazu djetetova formalnog obrazovanja, ključnu za stjecanje temeljnih kompetencija i vještina za nastavak obrazovanja i aktivan život u društvenoj zajednici. Stoga ne čudi da se na temeljno obrazovanje gleda kao na ključnu sastavnicu u obrazovnom sustavu i u funkcioniranju države općenito, a zbog svoje važnosti podložno je reformama koje bi trebale uskladiti odgojno- obrazovne ciljeve s izazovima koje moderan svijet donosi. U radu se u teorijskim polazištima prikazuju opće karakteristike proučavanih odabranih zemalja, a to su stanovništvo, jezik, gospodarstvo, struktura obrazovnog sustava, te prikaz povijesnog razvoja obrazovanih sustava Estonije, Finske, Kine, Južne Koreje i Singapura. U metodološkom dijelu rada postavljeni su predmet, cilj, zadaci, problemska pitanja, metode i uzorak istraživanja. Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je prikazati sličnosti i razlike u odabranim obrazovnim elementima proučavanih zemalja te ukazati na specifičnosti njihovih obrazovnih sustava. Proučavanjem relevantne literature vezane uz obrazovne sustave odabranih zemalja u interpretativnom dijelu rada su doneseni zaključci o karakteristikama europskog i azijskog pristupa obrazovanju te ključni preduvjeti u preuzimanju obrazovnih elemenata i mjera drugih zemalja.

Odgoj je važan za razvijanje određenog društva pa možemo razlikovati drugačije pristupe i metode koje određene kulture u svom okruženju prihvaćaju i samim time stvaraju pravila kada je odgoj dječaka i djevojčica u pitanju. Povijest nam donosi jedno shvaćanje odgoja i jedan pristup prema dječacima i djevojčicama, a moderno vrijeme nam donosi dašak povijesti, ali i neke nove pristupe koji se pokušavaju odmaknuti od rodnog tipiziranja. Nakon općenitog razmatranja o odgoju daje se prikaz pristupa odgoju prema Sokratu, Platonu, Aristotelu i Kantu. Njihov pristup djelomično se poklapa s nekim shvaćanjima odgoja danas. Dok neki prave razliku u odgoju, drugi, kao primjerice Platon, priklanjaju se razmišljanju da je jednako važno odgajati dječake i djevojčice pa se njihov odgoj u nekim fazama čak i poklapa. Rodno tipiziranje dovodi se u korelaciju s odgojem i roditelji pri tome igraju najveću ulogu – djeca uče promatrajući od najranije dobi. Upbringing is important for the development of a certain society, so we can distinguish different approaches and methods that certain cultures in their environment accept and thus create rules when it comes to the education of boys and girls. History brings us an understanding of upbringing and an approach to boys and girls, and modern times bring us a touch of history, but also some new approaches that try to move away from gender typing. After a general discussion of upbringing, an approach to upbringing according to Socrate, Platon, Aristotle and Kant is given. Their approach partly coincides with some understandings of education today. While some make a difference in upbringing, others, such as Plato, tend to think that it is equally important to raise boys and girls so that their upbringing at some stages even coincides. Gender typing is correlated with upbringing and parents play the biggest role in this - children learn by observing from an early age.

Uz materinski jezik puno djece uči i strani jezik od najranije dobi. Mehanika usvajanja materinskog jezika važna je kako bi djeca uz materinski jezik dobro savladala strani jezik. U predškolskim ustanovama bi što više djece trebalo napraviti prvi korak ka učenju stranoga jezika. Pristup učenju materinskog jezika bi trebao biti još od jasličke dobi, kroz razne aktivnosti, vježbe, učenja slova od kojih stvaramo riječi, a kasnije i rečenice. Neka djeca ranije, a neka kasnije, počinju govoriti i usvajati mehaniku svog materinskog jezika. Poticaj roditelja i odgojitelja je bitan u predškolskoj dobi te uz njih djeca brže savladavaju jezične prepreke. Djeca su znatiželjna i motivirana, te im je samo potreban dodatni poticaj i oni brzo dolaze do rješenja problema. Djeci je potrebno ponuditi različite sadržaje jer oni puno bolje uče kroz igre, pokrete, aktivnosti i to im duže ostaje u pamćenju jer su se zabavili, a uz to ponešto i naučili., In addition to the native language, many children learn a foreign language from an early age. The mechanics of native language acquisition are important for children to master a foreign language well in addition to their native language. In preschool institutions, as many children as possible should take the first step towards learning a foreign language. The approach to learning the native language should be from the nursery age, through various activities, exercises, learning the letters from which we create words, and later sentences. Some children start speaking and adopting the mechanics of their native language earlier and some later. The encouragement of parents and educators is important in preschool age, and with them children overcome language barriers faster. Children are curious and motivated, and they just need extra encouragement and they quickly come to a solution to the problem. Children need to be offered different content because they learn much better through games, movements, activities and it stays in their memory longer because they had fun, and also learned something.

Građevinski i arhitektonski fakultet Osijek provodi projekt u kojem razvija model stručne prakse te kao podršku praksi, istražuje sustav mentoriranja s ciljem izrade programa obrazovanja mentora iz gospodarstva. Naizgled jasna i jednostavna ideja prijenosa znanja i iskustva skriva složene odnose i potrebu za uređenim i kontroliranim postupcima. U radu će se predstaviti rezultati istraživanja područja mentoriranja u inženjerstvu i obrazovanja mentora, a rezultati se koriste za strukturiranje i pripremu programa obrazovanja mentora za podršku provođenju stručne prakse.

A midwife's personal experience with pregnancy and labor Bachelor theses is focused on personal experience with pregnancy and labor of midwife. Defined in the theoretical part of the Bachelor theses is the profession of a midwife, her competencies and role in prenatal counselling and during labor. Subsequently, the theoretical part contains the characteristics of pregnancy and physical and mental changes that are closely related to pregnancy. Last but not least, the theoretical section describes childbirth and all periods of childbirth. For Bachelor theses there were two goals, the first goal was to identify if professes of midwife affect their own pregnancy and labor experience. The second goal was to identify if their own pregnancy and labor experience affects a midwifes approach to pregnant women and women after childbirth. Based on set goals, the research questions were created. The first research question focused on how the midwifes profession affected the experience of her own pregnancy and labor. The second question examined how the midwife's own pregnancy and labor affect her approach to providing care to a women within her competencies. To obtain the results of a qualitative research survey, two research sets were created. The first research group consisted of midwives who practiced the profession of a midwife in primary care and had been pregnant and gave birth at least once. For the second research group, which consisted of midwives, the criterion of performing the profession of midwife in the delivery room was determined, as well as at least one experienced pregnancy and childbirth. The survey itself took the form of individual semi-structured interviews, which took place during a personal meeting in the period from March to May 2021. Before the start, all informants gave their approval to the interviews and their recording to the mobile phone and also their data processing. The obtained data was analyzed and the main categories and subcategories were created based on the results. After evaluating the data with midwives working in primary care, 3 main categories were set (Perception of own pregnancy, Prenatal counseling, Return to work) and 6 subcategories (Own experience with pregnancy, Influence of own pregnancy on the profession of midwife, Prenatal preparation, Course of care in prenatal counseling, Access of medical staff, Changes in the care of pregnant women). After evaluating the data with the midwives who worked in the delivery room, 3 main categories were set (Perception of own childbirth, Provision of health care, Return to work) and 5 subcategories (Course of own childbirth, Experience of own childbirth, Place of childbirth, Access of medical staff, Changes in the care of women in labor). The first research question was devoted to how the profession of midwife influenced their pregnancy and labor. The research found that midwives during own pregnancy were influenced by their profession mainly in the perception of care for themselves in the prenatal counseling and in the perception of the approach of medical staff for themselves. The second research question dealt with the influence of their own pregnancy and labor on the approach to pregnant women and childbirth after returning to work within their competencies. It was found that after returning to work, midwives were affected by their pregnancy and thus perceived certain changes in the approach to pregnant women. The experience of giving birth also had an effect on the performance of their profession after returning to work.

The aim of this study is to shed light on important concepts that are often neglected or underestimated in today's society, to map the area of sexual behaviour, to find out how can sex positively influence our body and mind, what habits our society has, what history tells us about sex. The extensive topic of sexuality is slightly controversial, it is all the more interesting that relatively little attention is paid to it on a social and professional level although it is an integral part of us. The literature of the history of sexual activity is full of "skeletons in the closet" and reveals countless surprises, complexes, injustices and unhealed wounds. This work compares this information with reality and current sources. Another part is devoted to the constantly and currently much-discussed topic of battle men versus women. We will also reveal differences that are unrecognizable at first glance. By describing the body, behaviour and social status, we find out that they have undergone a really long development. However, the intention is not to promote one sex above the other, nor to set imaginary boundaries between them. On the contrary, the work aims at concluding a peace agreement and expressing the equal importance of both men and women on the principle of mutual respect. Finally, in the practical part compiled in the form of a questionnaire, I specified the actions, thinking and awareness of young people about human sexuality and its relationship to health. The benefit is current information from the lives of students and their peers. As I dare say that sex education is unfortunately very neglected and underestimated at the moment, any new useful information for readers would be my relief and immense personal success.

The diploma thesis focuses on the possibilities of teaching English using suggestopedic teaching methods at primary schools. The thesis is concerned with the application of this method to primary school enviroment with the goal to find out whether this method is efficent for young learners. The theoretical part classifies individual teaching methods and approaches in language teaching. Each method and approach is described in terms of its origin, development and principles. The major theoretical part deals in particular with the alternative method suggestopedia. The practical part solves possibilities of using this method in English language teaching at a chosen primary school and varifies if some of its elements can be used in the future.

This bachelor thesis deals with addictive substances in girls placed in foster-care homes. The aim of this thesis was to identify the specific traits of drug abuse and the attitude of girls placed in foster-care homes towards addictive substances. In the theoretical part, using expert literature, I tried to define basic terms related to theis issue. I defined the term of addictive substances, their division and effects, drug abuse, addictive substances in youth and within institutional care. Last but not least, I generally focused on establishments carrying out institutional and foster care and then only on foster-care homes. The practical part is processed via qualitative research, using the method of interrogation. I chose to use the technique of semi-structured interviews I carried out together with girls from a chosen foster home. The interviews were subsequently evaluated using the method of open coding.Using research, I found out there were several specific traits of drug abuse within the chisen foster-care home, although none are specified in expert literature. Approaching addictive substances, research has proven that there are differences between legal and illegal substances. Meanwhile accessing legal addictive substances is easy, accessing illegal substances is understood very differently by every individual girl. This bachelor thesis may be useful for both, the chosen foster-care home as well as other institutions carrying out institutional and protective care. Further, this thesis may serve as a pilot study for further study of this issue or other research. Last but not least, this thesis may benefit expert publication authors who might start dealing with it more often and publish greater amounts of expert articles.

This bachelor thesis has set two goals. The first of them is to map the presentation of socially disadvantaged people from the point of view of publications intended for social work. The second goal is to map the recommended approaches to social work with socially disadvantaged people from the perspective of publications intended for social work. In order to achieve the set goals, a qualitative research strategy and a method of document analysis were chosen. For data processing, a categorical system was used. The research has found that socially disadvantaged people are presented in a very diverse way in the analyzed publications, which reflects the reality of a wide range of clients for whom social work services are intended. Books have often included attributes that may be inherent in people who are affected by social exclusion or at risk of it. By contrast, features related to the process of social exclusion on the part of society were often neglected. From this predominance of attributes on the part of individuals, the reader may get the false impression that social exclusion is mostly a matter of individual inadequacy or a certain personal handicap, and that the role of society in the process of social exclusion (or excluding) is not crucial. The definition of recommended approaches to social work with socially disadvantaged people is understood differently across publications. It is important, however, that in most of the analyzed books these approaches were listed, and in some cases even specified in more detail, which means that familiarity with approaches to social work with socially disadvantaged people is essential for appropriate and professional practice of this profession.

Putanja web development trendova je dugoročno nepouzdana zbog dinamične prirode samog Weba i tehnologija kojim ga razvijamo. Temeljni zadatak developera danas je da ostane u doticaju sa razvojem novih tehnologija koje, ako su pravilno korištene, služe kao moćan set alata za izgradnju modernog Weba kakav danas svi aktivno koristimo i poznajemo. Univerzalan pristup razvoju development vještina unutar Weba jest učenje koncepta i arhitekture na kojoj Web djeluje, odnosno globalne mreže računala koju zovemo Internet, koji su već toliko utemeljeni da u samoj srži uvijek ostaju isti. Web dijelimo na dva temeljna segmenta kada pričamo o developmentu, koja imaju jasno definiran i standardiziran model komunikacije, a to su klijentski i poslužiteljski Web development. Ovaj rad unutar praktičnog dijela objedinjuje kompletno softversko rješenje koje se proteže od klijenta do poslužitelja koji komunicira sa bazom podataka, i pritom koristi aktualno neke od najmodernijih dostupnih web development alata. Svaka od korištenih tehnologija je zasebno detaljno opisana kroz teoretski dio rada, a glavnu ulogu u cijeloj komunikaciji između klijenta, na kojem koristimo VueJS kao razvojni okvir, i MongoDB baze podataka obavlja NodeJS server, koji je ujedno i središnja tema ovog rada. The trajectory of web development is unreliable in long term because of the dynamic nature of Web itself and technologies with which we develop it. Core task of a web developer today would be to stay in touch with evolution of new technologies which, if properly used, serve as a mighty toolset for building modern Web as we all actively use and know of. Universal approach to web development skills in Web is learning concepts and architecture on which Web works upon, in other words, the global network of computers which we call the Internet, which have been so grounded that they always stay the same inside their core. We divide the Web on two fundamental segments when we talk about development, with both of those two having clearly defined and standardized model of communication, and those are client-side and server-side Web development. This paper from inside of its practical part provides a complete software solution which extends from client to the server side which communicates with the database, and it does that by using some of the most modern of web development tools available. Each of those used technologies is separately described through the theoretical part of this paper, and the main role in whole of communication between client, on which we use the Vue JavaScript framework and the MongoDB database, is done by NodeJS server, which is also the central topic of this paper.

Razvoj informatičkog društva dovodi do stvaranja novih organizacijskih vrijednosti u kojima informacije postaju neophodne za sve vrste poslova i aktivnosti čovjeka poput trgovine, obrazovanja, znanosti, demokracije, slobode i brojnih drugih. Informacije omogućuju ostvarenje pojedinca kroz niz aktivnosti uz vještine informacijske pismenosti i kritičkog mišljenja. Nadalje, želi se ukazati na ograničenja pri upotrebi informacija kojima se nastoji ograničiti pravo svakog pojedinca na slobodan pristup informacijama te se prikazuju primjeri takvih ishoda. U radu će prikazati na koji se način pojedinac ili grupa može izboriti za informacije koje su im onemogućene, a sastavni su dio njegova prava da im pristupi i da ih koristi. U ovom radu osvijetlit će se problem uskraćivanja informacija u znanosti i visokom obrazovanju te ispitati kakvu ulogu u tome imaju knjižnice. Istražit će se i percepcija studenata o regulaciji i pristupu informacijama. The development of the information society leads to the creation of new organizational values in which information becomes necessary for all kinds of human work and activities, such as commerce, education, science, democracy, freedom, and many more. Information makes the self-realization of an individual possible through a variety of activities that utilize the skills of information literacy and critical thinking. This paper wants to point to limitations in use of information which seeks to limit the right of every individual to free access to information, and will present the examples of such outcomes. This paper will show how an individual or a group can stand up for and obtain information they have been deprived of, that are an integral part of their right to access and use them. Furthermore, the paper will highlight the problem of denying information in science and higher education and will examine the role that libraries play in this process. Students’ opinions on regulations and access to information will also be explored.

Brownfield lokacije su, iako zapušteni i nevalorizirani prostori, znaĉajan resurs u razvoju urbanih podruĉja. Zbog svojih znaĉajki brownfieldi su vaţna stavka urbane obnove i revitalizacije gradova. Pristup revitalizaciji brownfielda ovisi o odnosu najzastupljenijih aktera, programima njihove obnove, zakonodavstvu drţava i osobitostima samih lokacija. Vrlo razliĉiti pristupi revitalizaciji na prostoru grada Zagreba i Lisabona odrazili su se na brojnost i uspješnost revitaliziranih lokacija. U radu se istraţuje prostorni razvoj promatranih gradova s naglaskom na 19. i 20. stoljeće i lokaciju industrije gdje posljediĉno nastaju brownfieldi. Analizom prostorno-planske dokumentacije te glavnih sudionika u procesu revitalizacije, a i prouĉavanjem planova i programa prenamjene preostalih brownfield prostora usporeĊuju se pristupi revitalizaciji u središtima Hrvatske i Portugala. Brownfields, though neglected and non-valorized areas, they represent a significant resource in the development of urban areas. Because of their features, brownfields are an important sites in urban renewal and revitalization of cities. The access to renewal of the brownfield will depend on the relationship of the most represented actors, the programs for their reconstruction, the legislation of the countries and the specificities of the locations themselves. A very different approaches in the reconstruction of brownfields in Zagreb and Lisbon are reflected in the number of renovated locations and on the success of the renovation process itself. The thesis examines the spatial development of cities, with an emphasis on the 19th and 20th centuries and the locations of the industries where brownfields emerge. The analysis of spatial planning documentation, and the main participants in the decision-making process and revitalization, as well as the study of plans for the the remaining brownfields, allows comparison between revitalization approaches. 66 pages, 13 figures, 52 references, original in Croatian

Legal instruments of ensuring access to land This thesis is concerned with an analysis of legal instruments of private and public law, which are able to ensure an access to land. The thesis is written from a perspective of a land owner without an access or with a difficult access to his land. Hence the content of this thesis is limited to legal instruments protecting such owner. The aim of the thesis is to cover all the legal options of ensuring an access to land, provide a detailed analysis of each instrument and further consider its frequency and suitability for general practice. In addition, I also present comparison of the instruments from the aspect of procedural law. Within the thesis I make an extensive use of case law, which illustrates both the potential development of legislation and familiarizes the reader with an abstract legal terminology by its application to real-life situations. The thesis is divided into nine chapters, whereas the chapter one provides a classification of the legal instruments from the private and public law perspective and a classification into a voluntary and a forced access. This chapter is followed by an enumeration of each instrument of ensuring an access to land. Firstly, there are listed the private law instruments, i.e., lease, easement, necessary passage, statutory...

Brownfield lokacije su, iako zapušteni i nevalorizirani prostori, znaĉajan resurs u razvoju urbanih podruĉja. Zbog svojih znaĉajki brownfieldi su vaţna stavka urbane obnove i revitalizacije gradova. Pristup revitalizaciji brownfielda ovisi o odnosu najzastupljenijih aktera, programima njihove obnove, zakonodavstvu drţava i osobitostima samih lokacija. Vrlo razliĉiti pristupi revitalizaciji na prostoru grada Zagreba i Lisabona odrazili su se na brojnost i uspješnost revitaliziranih lokacija. U radu se istraţuje prostorni razvoj promatranih gradova s naglaskom na 19. i 20. stoljeće i lokaciju industrije gdje posljediĉno nastaju brownfieldi. Analizom prostorno-planske dokumentacije te glavnih sudionika u procesu revitalizacije, a i prouĉavanjem planova i programa prenamjene preostalih brownfield prostora usporeĊuju se pristupi revitalizaciji u središtima Hrvatske i Portugala.

Tourism destination choosing intention is the key field of tourism behavior research and tourism marketing. Though previous studies confirm that tourist’s perceived value has a significant impact on tourism destination choosing intention, there has been little research to date the formation mechanism of tourism destination choosing intention. Especially for leisure tourism destination, because of the purpose of leisure, there must be some factors that play an important role in the formation mechanism. This paper, using the hierarchical regression analysis method to analyze the formation of leisure tourism destinations from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, constructs an extended model of formation mechanism, including leisure value, work pressure and attitude. Using random sampling survey method, the data have been collected in different types of leisure tourism destinations, and have been used to explore the differences in tourists’ revisit intention of leisure tourism destinations under different levels of work pressure. The results show that the perceived value and attitude of leisure tourists have a significant impact on their revisit intention. During the process of activating the impact, the work pressure has apparently negative moderating effects. Among them, the moderating effect on the perceived value is obviously stronger than on the attitude. This study shows that work pressure has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between attitude and revisit intention to leisure tourism destinations, and this moderating effect is also negative. What is more, we show that the moderating effect of work pressure is different on the process how perceived value and attitude of tourists affect their revisit intention to leisure tourism destinations. The moderating effect of work pressure on perceived value is significantly stronger than that on attitude.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li razlika u dozi zračenja kod transfemoralnog u odnosu na transradijalni pristup, uzevši u obzir razliku u iskustvu operatera. Hipoteza istraživanja: Iskustvo operatera predstavlja najvažniji čimbenik u smanjenju doze zračenja kod dijagnostičkih koronarnih angiografija, neovisno o radijalnom ili femoralnom pristupu. Uzorak ispitanika i metode: Riječ je o presječnom, retrospektivnom istraživanju kojom su obuhvaćeni bolesnici kod kojih je učinjena dijagnostička koronarografija kod sumnje na koronarnu bolest srca, liječenih na Zavodu za bolesti srca i krvnih žila, Kliničke bolnice „Sveti Duh“. U istraživanje je uključeno 90 bolesnika (64 muškarca i 26 žena), kojima je koronarografiju obavio isti operater u različitim razdobljima svog djelovanja. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u tri skupine, po trideset bolesnika, koje se razlikuju prema metodi vaskularnog pristupa i razlici u iskustvu jednog te istog operatera prema razdoblju njegovog djelovanja. Podaci su prikupljeni iz elektroničke pismohrane (baze) podataka i protokola obrađenih bolesnika, a analizirani su sljedeći podatci: dob, spol, indeks tjelesne mase (BMI kg/m2), broj akvizicija (F), vrijeme fluoroskopije (FT,) doza zračenja nakon snimanja (mGy). Podaci parametara rendgenskog zračenja (apsorbirana doza za pojedinačnog pacijenta) očitavani su izravno, s aplikacije uređaja i upisivani u Excel tablice. Rezultati: Razlika u dozi zračenja između triju skupina nije bila značajna. Razlike nije bilo ni u usporedbi pojedinih skupina zasebno: Rezultat Mann-Whitney U testa ne nalazi razlike između doze zračenja skupina F-2009 u usporedbi s F-2013 (p = 0,3478), F-2009 u usporedbi s R-2017 (p = 0,3403), kao i F-2013 u usporedbi s R-2017 (p = 0,9352). Ukupni raspon u skupini F-2009 iznosi 76 – 1299 mGy, u skupini F-2013 iznosi 70 – 467 mGy, a u skupini R-2017 iznosi 52 – 819 mGy. Za razliku od ukupne doze zračenja, trajanje fluoroskopije se statistički znatno razlikuje prema iskustvu operatera i vaskularnom pristupu. Mann-Whitney U test potvrđuje visoko signifikantnu razliku jasno uočljive razlike između skupina F-2009 i F-2013 (p < 0,0001), i skupina F-2009 i R-2017 (p = 0,0001). Značajna je međutim bila i razlika između skupina F-2013 i R-2017, pri čemu je nešto, ali statistički ipak značajno duže trajala fluoroskopija u potonje skupine (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0,0077), što se može tumačiti novim, zahtjevnijim vaskularnim pristupom iako je sam operater u proceduri koronarografije već iskusan. Zaključak: Za razliku od ukupne doze zračenja, postoji statistički značajna povezanost između trajanja fluoroskopije i iskustva operatera. Na kraju možemo ponoviti da ovi podatci sugeriraju da vaskularni pristup , a još više iskustvo operatera, određuju ako ne ukupnu dozu zračenja, ali svakako određuju trajanje snimanja. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in the radiation dose in transfemoral approach compared to the transradial approach, taking into account the difference in operator experience. Hypothesis of the study: Operator experience is the most important factor in reducing radiation dose in diagnostic coronary angiography irrespective of radial or femoral approach. Sample of examinees and methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study involving patients who underwent diagnostic coronarography with suspected coronary heart disease, treated at the Department of Heart and Blood Vessels Diseases of 'Sveti Duh' Clinical Hospital. The study included 90 patients (64 men and 26 women), who underwent coronarography carried out by the same operator in different time periods. Patients were divided into three groups, thirty patients in each, which differ according to the vascular approach and differences in the experience of the same operator according to the period of his activity. The data were collected from the electronic database and protocol of the treated patients, and the following data were analyzed: age, sex, body mass index (BMI kg/m2), number of acquisitions (F), time of fluoroscopy (FT), radiation dose after recording (mGy). X-ray radiation parameters (absorbed dose for a single patient) were read directly from the system application and entered in the Excel table. Results: The difference in the radiation dose between the three groups was not significant. There even weren't any differences when individual groups were compared separately: Mann-Whitney U test result does not find any differences in radiation dose of group F-2009 when compared to F-2013 (p = 0,3478), F-2009 when compared to R-2017 (p = 0,3403), as well as F-2013 when compared to R-2017 (p = 0,9352). The total range in group F-2009 is 76 – 1299 mGy, in group F-2013 70 – 467 mGy, and in group R-2017 52 – 819 mGy. Unlike the total radiation dose, the duration of fluoroscopy statistically significantly differs according to the operator's experience and the vascular approach. Mann-Whitney U test confirms the highly significant difference between groups F-2009 and F-2013 (p < 0,0001), and groups F-2009 and R-2017 (p = 0,0001). Significant was also the difference between the groups F-2013 and R-2017, where the duration of fluoroscopy in the latter group (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0,0077) was some longer, but statistically significant, which can be interpreted as a new, more demanding vascular approach although the operator himself is already experienced in the coronarography procedure. Conclusion: Unlike the total radiation dose, there is a statistically significant association between the duration of fluoroscopy and operator experience. Finally, we may repeat that these data suggest that the vascular approach, and even more operator experience, determine if not the total radiation dose, but definitely the duration of the recording.

In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, the European counter-terrorism policy went through a series of major changes. In the thesis Conceptual approach of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Federal republic of Germany to Anti-terrorism legislation, the focus is given to the diverse approach of both, United Kingdom and Germany, towards the counter- terrorism laws in the period between 2001 and 2016. In the first section, the author is explaining difficulties with the explanation of term terrorism in each country. The body of the thesis is then divided into two sections. Each of the sections concentrates on three legislation changes within the listed period. The selection of these changes was based on their security, political and social relevance. Autor is also presenting the controversy around the described legislation changes. The primary aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the diverse approach to counter-terrorism laws. Keywords United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, Legislation, Laws, Approach

Putevi predstavljaju značajne resurse i najvažnije javne investicije jedne zemlje. Putna mreža predstavlja osnovu za dobro funkcionisanje svih aspekata jedne države. U funkcionalnom sistemu puteva često je nemoguće obezbediti visok nivo usluge puteva tj. neometano i bezbedno kretanje vozila u glavnom saobraćajnom toku, uz realizovanje optimalnih brzina, kao i pristupačnost lokacijama u neposrednom okruženju u posmatranom trenutku. Pristup u fizičkom smislu predstavlja svako direktno spajanje kolovoza javnog puta sa zemljištem koje se jednom svojom stranom graniči sa putnim zemljištem. Predmet doktorske disertacije je ispitivanje uticaja pristupa na uslove u saobraćajnom toku na glavnom pravcu kroz promene brzine i vremena putovanja na deonici dvotračnog puta na prolasku kroz manje naseljeno mesto. U okviru istraživanja korišćeno je plutajuće vozilo opremljeno GPS uređajem. Zadatak je bio da plutajuće vozilo oponaša ponašanje vozila u saobraćajnom toku i preko GPS uređaja beleži promene u brzini saobraćajnog toka, sa posebnim fokusom na realne podatke o promeni brzine u slučajevima kada se vozila ulivaju na glavni putni pravac ili se sa njega izlivaju, odnosno vrše manevre sa pristupa i na pristup. Na osnovu relevantne baze podataka dobijenih istraživanjem u realnim uslovima, analizom i sintezom izvedeni su zaključci o ponašanju vozača i karakteristikama pristupa u lokalnim uslovima. U priručniku HCM (Highway Capacity Manual) 2010, uticaj broja pristupa uključen je u analizu kapaciteta i nivoa usluge dvotračnih puteva preko faktora fA, kojim je definisano da svaki pristup smanjuje slobodnu brzinu za 0,417 km/h. Kao ulazni podatak je u analizu uvršćena gustina pristupa – ukupan broj pristupa sa obe strane puta podeljen sa jedinicom dužine. Direktnim korišćenjem date metodologije iz priručnika HCM2010 za lokalne uslove dobijaju se vrednosti prosečne brzine putovanja koje u velikoj meri odstupaju od realnih vrednosti snimljenih na terenu. Osnovno je pitanje da li se na osnovu prikupljenih podataka i zaključaka donetih u okviru istraživanja može definisati metodologija za kalibraciju postupka predloženog priručnikom HCM sa ciljem približavanja izlaznih rezultata istraživanja realnim vrednostima snimljenim na reprezentativnim deonicama dvotračnih puteva u našoj zemlji... Roads are valuable resources and most important public investment of a country, therefore road network is the basis for the good functioning of all aspects of a country. According to general understanding of the functional system of roads it is often impossible to provide a high level of service (safe and undisturbed movement of vehicles on the roads) with realization of optimal speed and accessibility of given location (access) in the observed time. Access represents any direct connection to the public road from the parcel bordering it. Subject of this doctoral dissertation is determination of impacts of access on conditions in main traffic flow through travel speed fluctuation and increase in travel time on twolane highway segment passing through suburban settlement. ’Floating car’ equipped with GPS device was used in this research. The vehicle entered the traffic flow and mimicked the behavior of the drivers in a platoon of vehicles. The purpose of this empirical research was to track real data on speed changes in the chosen segment, with an emphasis on situations in which vehicles merge into or diverge from the main flow. Actual data collection enabled derivation of conclusions about the behavior of the drivers and characteristics of access in the local conditions. In given methodology in HCM (Highway Capacity Manual) 2010 for determining level of service and capacity of two-lane highways, impact of number of access-points is represented through factor fA. Each access point decreases the free-flow speed by 0.417 km/h. One of the input parameters is access density, computed by dividing the total number of unsignalized intersections and driveways on both sides of the roadway segment by the length of the segment. Direct application of HCM2010 model under local conditions for calculating average travel speed yielded value that considerably differs from the real values recorded during research. Question arose whether collected data and conclusions from research can be used for calibrating the HCM2010 model for local conditions. The point at issue is whether the number of access points as included in the analysis should depend on the traffic significance of the actual access points. Introduction of weighted access density, namely assignment of weighted value to every access point based on its impact on traffic conditions in the main flow, was the solution to this problem...

UVOD: Razlike u korištenju stomatoloških usluga pripisuju se socioekonomskim i individualnim bihevioralnim faktorima. Karakteristike roditelja kao što su socioekonomski status, demografske karakteristike, obrazovanje i percepcija oralnog zdravlja djece mogu utjecati na korištenje stomatoloških usluga. Roditelji imaju važnu ulogu u donošenju odluka o oralnom zdravlju njihove djece i utiču na obrasce oralno-zdravstvenog ponašanja i korištenja stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite. CILJ: Istražiti percepciju roditelja o korištenju dječje stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite u Crnoj Gori u odnosu na samoprocjenu stanja oralnog zdravlja njihove djece kao razloga posjeta stomatologu. METODE: Uzorak je obuhvatio 228 roditelja učenika devetih razreda osnovnih škola dobiven višeetapnom metodologijom uzorkovanja. Podaci su sakupljani putem samopopunjavajućeg upitnika. Za analizu je korištena deskriptivna statistika i χ2 test. REZULTATI: Stopa odgovora bila je 94,3 %. Izabranog stomatologa ima 93,9 % djece; 71,2 % je odgovorilo o udaljenosti stomatološke ordinacije manjoj od 3 km. Po izjavi polovine ispitanika djeca idu stomatologu u intervalu kraćem od 6 mjeseci. Kod 61 % djece razlog posljednje posjete bila je zakazana kontrola, pregled ili nastavak liječenja. Kod 52 % djece liječeni su mliječni zubi, 55 % izjavilo je da nisu korišteni fluoridi radi prevencije karijesa. Najčešći razlog neodlaska djeteta stomatologu bio je što problemi sa zubima nisu bili ozbiljni. ZAKLJUČAK: Roditeljska percepcija zdravstvenih potreba djece je primarna odrednica za korištenje stomatoloških službi. Korištenje preventivnih usluga nije na zadovoljavajućoj razini.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the use of Suggestopedia and Superlearning in English language teaching. The theoretical part focuses on the historical and theoretical context of the methods, the description of their aims, processes and techniques. Furthermore, Communicative approach and its closely related methods are briefly explained, as they are also connected to Altissima language school where the research was done. The practical part deals with the analysis of two observed lessons where the principles of Suggestopedia and Superlearning were used. Moreover, the lectors' statements and learners' comments are scrutinized.