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Objectives: This systematic review compares the impact of ball and locator attachments on marginal bone loss in implant-retained overdentures in completely edentulous patients. Method and materials: Following PRISMA guidelines, health science librarians completed literature searches from inception to 17 March 2023 in seven databases. There were 15,686 items exported to EndNote from Embase.com, CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE-ALL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Hand-searching added four more articles. After deduplication, 6,756 items were screened for eligibility. Twenty-nine studies were assessed by full text, of which ten studies, involving 424 subjects, were included in the review. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis was performed to synthesize and analyze the collective data from the selected studies. Results: The included studies used diverse methodologies, implant systems, and loading protocols. Most studies reported no significant difference in marginal bone loss between ball and locator attachments. The meta-analysis revealed high heterogeneity. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review suggest that ball and locator attachments exhibit similar performance in terms of marginal bone loss in implant-retained overdentures. However, the limited number, risk of bias, and heterogeneity of studies highlight the need for standardized research designs and larger sample sizes in future investigations to draw more definitive conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean data exhibits great heterogeneity from variances in measuring methods, formats, and quality, making it extremely complicated and diverse due to a variety of data kinds, sources, and study elements. A few examples of data sources are satellites, buoys, ships, self-driving cars, and distant systems. The processing of data is made more challenging by the significant regional and temporal variations in oceanic characteristics including temperature, salinity, and currents. This work presents an interactive tool for multivariate ocean parameter visualisation, specifically overlays, based on Python. In ocean data visualisation, overlays are extra visual layers or data points that are layered to improve comprehension over a basic map. Based on the available data and the visualisation goals, these overlays are chosen and blended. Users can customise overlays with this tool, which also supports formatting, 2D and 3D visualisation, and data preparation. In order to reduce artefacts, it uses kriging interpolation for 3D visualisation and a modified version of the ray casting algorithm for representing octree data. By integrating overlays like as bathymetry, currents, temperature, and marine life, users can produce visually appealing and comprehensive depictions of ocean data. This method provides a thorough grasp of intricate marine processes by making it easier to see patterns, trends, and abnormalities in the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel drone detection method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) utilizing range–Doppler map images from a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. The existing drone detection and identification techniques, which rely on the micro-Doppler signature (MDS), face challenges when a drone is small or located far away, leading to performance degradation due to signal attenuation and faint (MDS). In order to address these issues, this paper suggests a method where multiple time-series range–Doppler images from an FMCW radar are overlaid onto a single image and fed to a CNN. The experimental results, using actual data for three different drone sizes, show significant performance improvements in drone detection accuracy compared to conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly polymer-modified (HP) asphalt has been shown to enhance asphalt mixture performance. To evaluate its effectiveness in resisting reflective cracking, this study conducted dynamic modulus tests, cyclic fatigue tests, and overlay tests at three temperatures (4°C, 10°C, and 18°C) and compared the performance of HP mixtures against a control mixture. In addition, digital image correlation (DIC) has been used in the overlay test to capture crack growth. Apart from laboratory tests, simulations were conducted with two overlay thicknesses (3.81 and 7.62 cm) and two sets of climate inputs (isothermal and real) to assess the reflective cracking performance of HP at the structural level. The experimental results demonstrate that despite the selected two mixtures having similar modulus master curves, the HP mixture exhibits better resistance to reflective cracking compared with the control mixture. Specifically, predictions of the number of cycles to failure (Nf) by the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage (S-VECD) model, based on cyclic fatigue tests, indicate that the HP mixture has longer Nf values across all selected temperatures. In overlay tests, at 4°C, the HP mixture shows comparable crack growth to the control mixture, whereas at 10°C and 18°C, the HP mixture demonstrates slower crack propagation. Furthermore, increasing the temperature tends to extend Nf in both the cyclic fatigue test and the overlay test. The structural simulation results indicate that the overlay thickness has a significant impact on the predicted reflective cracking distress. When the overlay thickness is 3.81 cm, the two materials perform similarly based on the simulated output with respect to fatigue reflective cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the most deployed infrastructures nowadays are Overlay Networks (ONs). They consist of hardware and software components designed to establish private and secure communication channels, typically over the Internet. ONs are among the most reliable technologies for achieving this objective and represent the next-generation solution for secure communication. In this paper, we analyze important network performance metrics (RTT, bandwidth) while varying the type of Overlay Network used for interconnecting traffic between two or more hosts (within the same data center, in different data centers in the same building, or over the Internet). These networks establish connections between KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) instances rather than the typical Docker/LXC/Podman containers. The first analysis will assess network performance as it is, without any overlay channels. The second will establish various types of channels without encryption, and the final one will encapsulate overlay traffic via IPsec (Transport mode), where encrypted channels like VTI are not already available for use. The obtained performance is demonstrated through a comprehensive set of traffic-simulation campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing complexity of modern networks and their evolving needs demand flexible, high-performance packet processing solutions. The P4 language excels in specifying packet processing in software-defined networks (SDNs). Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are ideal for P4-based packet parsers due to their reconfigurability and ability to handle data transmitted at high speed. This paper introduces three FPGA-based P4-programmable packet parsing architectural designs that translate P4 specifications into adaptable hardware implementations called base, overlay, and pipeline, each optimized for different packet parsing performance. As modern network infrastructures evolve, the need for multi-tenant environments becomes increasingly critical. Multi-tenancy allows multiple independent users or organizations to share the same physical network resources while maintaining isolation and customized configurations. The rise of 5G and cloud computing has accelerated the demand for network slicing and virtualization technologies, enabling efficient resource allocation and management for multiple tenants. By leveraging P4-programmable packet parsers on FPGAs, our framework addresses these challenges by providing flexible and scalable solutions for multi-tenant network environments. The base parser offers a simple design for essential packet parsing, using minimal resources for high-speed processing. The overlay parser extends the base design for parallel processing, supporting various bus sizes and throughputs. The pipeline parser boosts throughput by segmenting parsing into multiple stages. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is evaluated through detailed resource consumption metrics measured on an Alveo U280 board, demonstrating throughputs of 15.2 Gb/s for the base design, 15.2 Gb/s to 64.42 Gb/s for the overlay design, and up to 282 Gb/s for the pipelined design. These results demonstrate a range of high performances across varying throughput requirements. The proposed approach utilizes a system that ensures low latency and high throughput that yields streaming packet parsers directly from P4 programs, supporting parsing graphs with up to seven transitioning nodes and four connections between nodes. The functionality of the parsers was tested on enterprise networks, a firewall, and a 5G Access Gateway Function graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionally graded material is a type of material characterized by gradual variations in the chemical composition and structure over volume. Dilution is a major concern in producing such materials produced using welding techniques. In this paper, the effects of the number and thickness of weld overlay layers on the dilution were systematically investigated for two common wire arc additive manufacturing processes. Gas metal arc welding and flux-cored arc welding processes were used to clad plain carbon steel substrate by 410 stainless steel and Stellite 6, respectively. Welding speed was varied to create weld layers with a thickness of 2 mm to 8 mm. The results showed that the weld thickness had the main effect on the dilution. Regarding the number and arrangement of the thin or thick weld layers, no direct effects on the dilution were observed. Consequently, by controlling the thickness of the weld overlay, the changes in the chemical composition in each weld layer could be justified.

ABSTRACTIndonesia is located at the confluence of the world’s tectonic plates, causing frequent tsunami disasters. An area in Indonesia prone to a tsunami is the Sunda Strait, which has an active underwater volcano, Mount Krakatau. One of the tsunami disaster mitigation measures is to make a map of the level of vulnerability of coastal areas to tsunami disasters. Spatial analysis of the vulnerability of coastal areas to the tsunami disaster employs the overlay method of coastal area vulnerability parameters using Geographic Information System software. The parameters used in analyzing the level of tsunami vulnerability are (1) land elevation, (2) land slope, (3) land use, (4) distance from the coast, and (5) distance from the river. The level of vulnerability is divided into five categories: very high, high, medium, low, and very low. Of all the research areas, those included in the very high vulnerability category (33.56 ha) areas included in the high vulnerability category are 3923.62 ha.

Objective: In oral rehabilitation, a full mouth minimal invasive treatment can represent a major challenge for the patient and the dentist. The purpose of this article is to present a new technique to restore eroded teeth and recover the vertical dimension with a simple and predictable technique. Clinical Considerations: Occlusal tabletop restorations are a suitable conservative option to restore anatomy and vertical dimension augmentation but highly sensitive. The cementation of those restorations without stable landmarks, the cement excess removal, the insertion path, or the time needed are some of the difficulties can be faced. Now a days with the new CAD‐CAM techniques is possible to develop a new occlusal tabletop manufacturing alternative utilizing 3D‐printed technology by unifying the restorations with a customized connector that allows us to print several onlays at same time, as a single object, also being cemented at once. Conclusions: This protocol reduces the technique sensitivity of a vertical dimension oral rehabilitation process, reduce the chair time, enhancing the patient‐comfort and delivers a unique way to restore dental lost anatomy as a definitive or temporary way with printing materials. Clinical Significance: With the advent of new CAD‐CAM 3D printing materials, which are increasingly versatile and gaining favor among clinicians, it is now possible to address complex clinical situations with greater predictability. This technology enables the development of treatment solutions that are both effective and efficient, consequently reducing clinical time for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the most deployed infrastructures nowadays are Overlay Networks (ONs). They consist of hardware and software components designed to establish private and secure communication channels, typically over the Internet. ONs are among the most reliable technologies for achieving this objective and represent the next-generation solution for secure communication. In this paper, we analyze important network performance metrics (RTT, bandwidth) while varying the type of Overlay Network used for interconnecting traffic between two or more hosts (within the same data center, in different data centers in the same building, or over the Internet). These networks establish connections between KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) instances rather than the typical Docker/LXC/Podman containers. The first analysis will assess network performance as it is, without any overlay channels. The second will establish various types of channels without encryption, and the final one will encapsulate overlay traffic via IPsec (Transport mode), where encrypted channels like VTI are not already available for use. The obtained performance is demonstrated through a comprehensive set of traffic-simulation campaigns.

Aim: To evaluate the fracture resistance of printed crowns with two different designs. Methods: Forty restorations (n = 20/group) were fabricated using resin matrix ceramic (VarseoSmileTM) with different designs as follows: group 1: overlay restoration with chamfer margin; group 2: overlay restoration with chamfer margin located 3 mm above the gingiva. Restorations were bonded to resin dies using 3M RelyX Luting Cement. Compression forces were applied with a 4 mm diameter steel bar at the midline fissure of each crown using the universal testing machine. Restorations were loaded until fracture, and fracture resistance at maximum load was recorded. Statistical analysis: A t-test was used for statistical comparison between groups. Results: No difference in the fracture resistance was detected for both groups. Conclusions: Different designs of composite resin crowns fabricated using CAD/CAM techniques can be used, however further research is needed to assess the clinical outcomes.

Background Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) is a technique that applies an adhesive layer immediately after tooth preparation, prior to the placement of indirect restorations. This method is gaining attention due to its potential to improve the bond strength and mechanical properties of restorations, particularly in the posterior region where restorations endure significant masticatory forces. The objectif of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of IDS on the fracture strength of indirect posterior restorations. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in four databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Inclusion criteria focused on in vitro studies involving human teeth with indirect posterior restorations, published between 2014 and 2023. Studies using IDS were compared to those using conventional methods. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool, and a meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model. The standard mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare fracture strength, with I 2 statistics assessing heterogeneity. Forest and funnel plots were employed to visualize results and publication bias, respectively. Discussion The results indicate that IDS generally enhances the fracture strength of indirect posterior restorations, particularly with ceramic materials like lithium disilicate. However, the effectiveness of IDS varies depending on the material and restoration type. While some studies demonstrated improved fracture resistance with IDS, others showed minimal benefit, especially with composite restorations. Additionally, IDS improved marginal adaptation and internal fit but increased the risk of severe failures, such as root fractures. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42024584545 (Registered on 08/09/2024).

Nowadays, some of the most well-deployed infrastructures are Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Overlay Networks (ONs). They consist of hardware and software components designed to build private/secure channels, typically over the Internet. They are currently among the most reliable technologies for achieving this objective. VPNs are well-established and can be patched to address security vulnerabilities, while overlay networks represent the next-generation solution for secure communication. In this paper, for both VPNs and ONs, we analyze some important network performance components (RTT and bandwidth) while varying the type of overlay networks utilized for interconnecting traffic between two or more hosts (in the same data center, in different data centers in the same building, or over the Internet). These networks establish connections between KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) instances rather than the typical Docker/LXC/Podman containers. The first analysis aims to assess network performance as it is, without any overlay channels. Meanwhile, the second establishes various channels without encryption and the final analysis encapsulates overlay traffic via IPsec (Transport mode), where encrypted channels like VTI are not already available for use. A deep set of traffic simulation campaigns shows the obtained performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionally graded material is a type of material characterized by gradual variations in the chemical composition and structure over volume. Dilution is a major concern in producing such materials produced using welding techniques. In this paper, the effects of the number and thickness of weld overlay layers on the dilution were systematically investigated for two common wire arc additive manufacturing processes. Gas metal arc welding and flux-cored arc welding processes were used to clad plain carbon steel substrate by 410 stainless steel and Stellite 6, respectively. Welding speed was varied to create weld layers with a thickness of 2 mm to 8 mm. The results showed that the weld thickness had the main effect on the dilution. Regarding the number and arrangement of the thin or thick weld layers, no direct effects on the dilution were observed. Consequently, by controlling the thickness of the weld overlay, the changes in the chemical composition in each weld layer could be justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, a revolutionary transformation has substantially altered the way people access information. Online social media platforms have become a significant facet of our daily lives. The intersection of political discourse with the proliferation of what is commonly termed as "fake news" on these platforms has given rise to an environment that does not necessarily foster independent and critical thinking, thereby posing substantial risks to individuals, industries, and governments. While Facebook has implemented novel strategies to counteract this challenge, their efficacy remains questionable. Drawing from an analysis of fact-checking activities conducted during two Brazilian elections, this study aims to illuminate the key areas of focus within corrective information and assess its impact on Facebook. Our examination also highlights our critique of the lack of standardized measures, utilizing Meta's tool (CrowdTangle) for this qualitative study. Ultimately, our study concludes by offering insights into potential policy alternatives that could be adopted to address this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence of décor paper raw (40 and 50 gr m-2) and final weight (105 and 115 gr m-2), and corundum (Al2O3) amount (8, 10, and 12 gr m-2) on surface abrasion count, abrasion resistance, impact resistance (small ball) and cure properties of the laminate floor with high-density fiberboard core was evaluated. Nine different types of laminate floor products were produced and tested. The averages of surface abrasion, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, and cure properties ranged from 2667 to 5000 revolutions, 4.5 to 5.5 N, 70 to 90 N, and level 4 to 5, respectively. According to the results, products meet both domestic and commercial levels of use regarding BS EN 13329:2023. The overall performance of B-type products was higher than A and C-type products. It should be noted that the products evaluated in this study were factorymade instead of laboratory applications. Furthermore, some production parameters are kept confidential due to marketing concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different loading methods in implant-supported removable prostheses (partial dentures and full-maxillary dentures). Methods: As of August 2023, three electronic databases and nine oral implant-related journals had been searched. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compare immediate loading with conventional loading in implant-supported removable prostheses were included. The primary outcome was the implant survival rate. At the same time, a meta-analysis of bone-level changes was performed. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included trials. Results: A total of 16 RCTs were included, including 543 participants with 1595 implants. The included trials compared immediate loading and conventional loading in implant-supported removable prostheses. Regarding implants as the statistical unit, the immediate loading group had a statistically significant lower survival rate (RR = 0.950; 95% confidence interval [CI], (0.926, 0.974); P = 0.027; I² = 47%). When patients were regarded as statistical units, a statistically significant lower survival rate was also observed in the immediate loading group (RR = 0.929; 95% CI, (0.897, 0.961); P = 0.590; I² = 0%). When we analysed the bone level changes, a statistically significant decrease was observed in bone level in the immediate loading group compared with the conventional loading group (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.127; 95% CI, (−0.195, −0.059); P

Abstract Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs often require strengthening due to deterioration, increased loads, or design changes. Concrete overlay is a commonly used technique for strengthening, but predicting the behavior of overlays can be challenging. To address this challenge, this study presents a three-dimensional non-linear finite element model using Abaqus/CAE to analyze the structural performance of one-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with concrete overlays. The model considers three different bonding conditions at the interface: friction, epoxy, and shear connectors. The predictions of the model were compared to experimental results, and it was found that the model accurately captures the load–deflection response, cracking behavior, and interfacial slip in the strengthened slabs. Additionally, the model accurately predicts the new structural capacity of the strengthened slabs, showing good agreement with experimental data. These findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of concrete overlays as a traditional strengthening technique for RC slabs. Moreover, the developed finite element model provides a useful tool for optimizing the design of these overlays.

The utilization of the social network analysis (SNA) approach dates back to 1928, and since then, it has shown a notable increase and has contributed to a body of research significantly. However, recent years have seen limited bibliometric analyses focusing on the SNA approach. This study seeks to conduct an in-depth review of SNA literature through bibliometric analysis, employing the methodology derived from Garza-Reyes’s Five Phases of Bibliometric Analysis. The findings reveal the refinement of 4487 datasets sourced from Scopus databases, with visualization accomplished using VOSviewer. The cluster analysis finds that as many as 5 clusters with a set of keywords. Keywords that can become potential issues for future study found in this study such as integration, risk management, politics, online social network, collaboration network, Facebook, health care organization, stakeholder engagement, group process, clinical trial, risk-taking, adolescent, family, social organization, aggression, pandemic and sars-cov-2, et cetera.

Introduction: Different materials and restorative concepts have been proposed over the years to restore endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Monolithic ceramic and composite restoration can be lute to the tooh, without the use of a post. However, little is known how the material stiffness and presence of a composite core will affect the survival and failure mode. The objective of this in‐vitro study was to evaluate the fracture strength and failure mode of endodontically treated molars, restored with ceramic or hybrid composite monolithic restoration, in the presence of absence of a composite core. Materials and Methods: Sixty depulped molars were restored with a lithium‐disilicate (e.max CAD) or hybrid composite (Cerasmart) restoration. Both materials were used in a monolithic approach, but with 3 different designs: (a) monolithic endocrown, (b) crown with a separate composite core, and (c) overlay without core buildup or pulpal extension. Ten sound teeth were used as control group. All groups were thermocycled (10,000 cycles), subsequently loaded in a chewing simulator (100,000 cycles) and finally loaded until fracture. Results: Peak fracture loads and failure modes were registered. No significant differences were seen between the groups in terms of fracture load. Failure modes were statistically significantly different among groups with significant correlation between restoration type and material. (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). No group presented significantly higher fracture resistance. Although ceramic crowns and overlays presented the highest repairability, all restored ETT were within the range of the intact tooth' fracture strength. Conclusion: No restoration presented significant different fracture loads. However, the type of restoration and material choice were correlated to the fracture mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myringoplasty is still the most performed otological surgery. Nevertheless, the underlay vs. overlay approaches have yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to compare the surgical and audiological outcomes of underlay and overlay myringoplasty in perforated tympanic membrane patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were retrieved by systematically searching of Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar until January 25th, 2023. RevMan version 5.4 software was used to pooled dichotomous outcomes using the risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We registered our protocol in PROSPERO with ID: [CRD42023387432]. We included eight RCTs with 656 tympanic perforation membrane patients. Four RCTs had a low risk of overall bias, two had some concerns, and two had a high risk of bias. The underlay technique was significantly associated with a higher surgical success rate (n = 7 RCTs, RR: 1.21 with 95% CI [1.02, 1.43], P = 0.03) and audiological success rate (n = 4 RCTs, RR: 1.31 with 95% CI [1.18, 1.44], P < 0.00001). This meta-analysis underscores the potential superiority of the underlay technique in managing tympanic membrane perforations, with significant implications for surgical and audiological outcomes. However, more investigations are still necessary to confirm this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs often require strengthening due to deterioration, increased loads, or design changes. Concrete overlay is a commonly used technique for strengthening, but predicting the behavior of overlays can be challenging. To address this challenge, this study presents a three-dimensional non-linear finite element model using Abaqus/CAE to analyze the structural performance of one-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with concrete overlays. The model considers three different bonding conditions at the interface: friction, epoxy, and shear connectors. The predictions of the model were compared to experimental results, and it was found that the model accurately captures the load–deflection response, cracking behavior, and interfacial slip in the strengthened slabs. Additionally, the model accurately predicts the new structural capacity of the strengthened slabs, showing good agreement with experimental data. These findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of concrete overlays as a traditional strengthening technique for RC slabs. Moreover, the developed finite element model provides a useful tool for optimizing the design of these overlays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical records of 438 patients who underwent myringoplasty followed up for a minimum of one year in the period of 1980 and 2015 were revised. Examination under otomicroscope was done of the ear to be operated. This was carried out with a speculum under the operating microscope to be reliably asses the tympanic membrane, site of perforation, to rule out any other pathology and assess the status of ossicular chain. All the patients submitted primary myringoplasty surgery were operated under postauricular, endaural and transcanal approach with overlay, underlay and inlay methods. In the study the patients were divided into three groups depending upon the technique utilized to repair the tympanic membrane. When we compared overlay technique group with underlay technique group, it was observed that overlay technique was no statistically significant difference between these three groups in term of age wise distribution, gender wise distribution, duration of disease and cause of disease, due to matching at the time of selection. In this study the outcome in terms of graft uptake rate was slight better in the overlay technique (94%) as compared to the underlay technique (86.2%), though the difference was statistically insignificant, P>0.05. Patients selection may have had a role in the high success rate in the present study as patients presenting with middle ear pathology were excluded. The complications rate in the present study was quite low, no case in inlay group, three cases of graft lateralization in underlay group, and 19 cases in overlay group. In this study, better results were achieved with overlay technique may probably be due to less surgical manipulation and faster healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented in this paper includes the construction methods and lessons learned from the placement of a non-proprietary ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlay through the rehabilitation of a concrete bridge deck located in Socorro, New Mexico, USA. The selected bridge is a multi-cell, box girder bridge with four spans and a total length of 91.4 m and a width of 16.5 m with two traffic lanes. Rehabilitation of the bridge involved removing the top surface of the existing deck (deteriorated concrete), installing a high-performance deck (HPD) leveling course, and placing a 25 mm UHPC overlay. Sensors were installed in the bridge superstructure (multi-cell box girders, HPD, and overlay) for long-term monitoring. Overlay assessment included physical testing to evaluate the condition of the overlay–substrate bond by chain dragging and direct tension pull-off testing. Conclusions and lessons learned from this investigation serve as a fundamental list of best practices and recommendations for field construction of a non-proprietary UHPC overlay. Recommendations for preparatory tasks including material selection, substrate surface preparation, placement preparation, handling of materials, and UHPC mixing are provided. The recommendations also list best practices concerning the placement of the overlay, curing procedures, and quality assurance testing. Lastly, suggestions are presented for contracts pertaining to UHPC overlay projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work presented in this paper includes the construction methods and lessons learned from the placement of a non-proprietary ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlay through the rehabilitation of a concrete bridge deck located in Socorro, New Mexico, USA. The selected bridge is a multi-cell, box girder bridge with four spans and a total length of 91.4 m and a width of 16.5 m with two traffic lanes. Rehabilitation of the bridge involved removing the top surface of the existing deck (deteriorated concrete), installing a high-performance deck (HPD) leveling course, and placing a 25 mm UHPC overlay. Sensors were installed in the bridge superstructure (multi-cell box girders, HPD, and overlay) for long-term monitoring. Overlay assessment included physical testing to evaluate the condition of the overlay–substrate bond by chain dragging and direct tension pull-off testing. Conclusions and lessons learned from this investigation serve as a fundamental list of best practices and recommendations for field construction of a non-proprietary UHPC overlay. Recommendations for preparatory tasks including material selection, substrate surface preparation, placement preparation, handling of materials, and UHPC mixing are provided. The recommendations also list best practices concerning the placement of the overlay, curing procedures, and quality assurance testing. Lastly, suggestions are presented for contracts pertaining to UHPC overlay projects.

Groundwater is a valuable resource for meeting the daily needs of humans, which continues to increase along with population growth. Therefore, it is essential to maintain groundwater properly. Groundwater management can be carried out comprehensively in groundwater basins, including determining groundwater recharge areas. This study aims to determine the location of groundwater recharge to conserve groundwater in Denpasar City to create groundwater sustainability. The geospatial analysis uses a weighting and scoring approach (Overlay Weighted Sum) to determine the groundwater recharge area. Retrieval data in the field by observing geological conditions and measuring the depth of the phreatic surface in Denpasar City. The determination of recharge and discharge areas was analyzed using the geospatial method using the ArcGIS 10.8 application using Interpolation Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW). The five parameters used in this scoring assessment are lithology, rainfall, soil cover type, slope, and phreatic surface depth. The highest score obtained from the weighting of the scoring is 46, while the lowest score is 36. The recharge area is found in the weighted value of 41-46, which is in the northern region of Denpasar City. The discharge area is located at a weight value of 36-41 in the southern area of Denpasar City.

This paper proposes a novel drone detection method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) utilizing range–Doppler map images from a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. The existing drone detection and identification techniques, which rely on the micro-Doppler signature (MDS), face challenges when a drone is small or located far away, leading to performance degradation due to signal attenuation and faint (MDS). In order to address these issues, this paper suggests a method where multiple time-series range–Doppler images from an FMCW radar are overlaid onto a single image and fed to a CNN. The experimental results, using actual data for three different drone sizes, show significant performance improvements in drone detection accuracy compared to conventional methods.

This paper addresses the quality control of the photolithography process in the semiconductor industry. Overlay errors in the process seriously affect the wafer yield, and cause the wafer to be forced to rework and affect the production efficiency of the equipment. We examine the current state of its process control, develop a novel overlay predict model, and verify the prediction results. This study proposes a Global Attention Generative Adversarial Networks (GAGAN) model to precisely predict the overlay error for the feed-forward data of the front layer, which is used as the important information and process parameters for the advanced process control of the current layer. Experiment results on a semiconductor shop-floor confirms that our proposed method achieves high predictive performance while maintaining extensibility and visual quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overlay attacks have long been a significant security concern affecting Android devices. Despite Android touch prevention mechanisms for external apps, internal apps and those sharing the same userID remain susceptible. Contrary to Android's claims, devices continue to exhibit background toasts opening an opportunity window for these overlay attacks and posing a threat to browser apps and webview activities within the same app. We propose a detection approach that leverages a blend of static detection and activity behavior analysis. Our detection approach enhances Android device security by addressing overlay vulnerabilities and their potential impact on user privacy and data security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper intends to numerically investigate the impact of selected factors on the strength of the concrete overlay-bridge deck bond, directly and indirectly, using the nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) method. Besides, the research introduces the guidelines necessary to attain adequate bond strength to eliminate the possibility of concrete detachment under the effect of different developed stresses. The NLFEA has been utilized in predicting and correlating the live applied loads and the induced shrinkage stresses at the interfacial region between the concrete overlay and the bridge deck. The developed stresses were related to the overlay's direct tensile bond strength. A total of 336 NLFEA models of overlay-bridge deck slab segments were designed and examined after being properly validated. The parameters of the study were as follows: the overlay degradation level (0 %, 19 %, 36 %, 51 %, 64 %, and 75 %); the ratio of the overlay's relative thickness-to-the bridge deck slab (toverlay/tslab); in addition to the age of the shrinkage induced stresses (early age (3 and 7 days) and moderate age (14 and 28 days)). The NLFEA live load and shrinkage stress values were validated using experimental results from the literature with difference percentages of less than 5 %. The numerical study results recommended that the thickness of the concrete's overlay should be within certain overlay thickness limits to be capable of handling the lower and higher stresses at the service and overloading conditions. The proposed guidelines enable the avoidance of unfavorable detachment between the interface parts under the effect of AASHTO HS-20 truck cyclic and impact loadings, as well as shrinkage loading.

Abstract: Background/purpose: Overlay restorations can be used clinically as a treatment option to preserve natural dentine. However, whether the residual enamel thickness and overlay thickness affect the adhesion between the restoration and tooth is still unknown. This study was to investigate effects of the overlay thickness and residual enamel thickness on bonding strength. Materials and methods: Overlays of different thicknesses were prepared with natural teeth which had 2, 4, and 6 mm of occlusal reduction (n = 10). Specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles in water at 5–55 °C, and finally compressive strength tests were used to evaluate the bonding strength. Results: All groups showed good bond strength (P > 0.05). The overlay restorations of different thicknesses reduced the preparation amount by 30.3%–7.2% and significantly preserved more of the tooth structure (P

The increasing complexity of modern networks and their evolving needs demand flexible, high-performance packet processing solutions. The P4 language excels in specifying packet processing in software-defined networks (SDNs). Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are ideal for P4-based packet parsers due to their reconfigurability and ability to handle data transmitted at high speed. This paper introduces three FPGA-based P4-programmable packet parsing architectural designs that translate P4 specifications into adaptable hardware implementations called base, overlay, and pipeline, each optimized for different packet parsing performance. As modern network infrastructures evolve, the need for multi-tenant environments becomes increasingly critical. Multi-tenancy allows multiple independent users or organizations to share the same physical network resources while maintaining isolation and customized configurations. The rise of 5G and cloud computing has accelerated the demand for network slicing and virtualization technologies, enabling efficient resource allocation and management for multiple tenants. By leveraging P4-programmable packet parsers on FPGAs, our framework addresses these challenges by providing flexible and scalable solutions for multi-tenant network environments. The base parser offers a simple design for essential packet parsing, using minimal resources for high-speed processing. The overlay parser extends the base design for parallel processing, supporting various bus sizes and throughputs. The pipeline parser boosts throughput by segmenting parsing into multiple stages. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is evaluated through detailed resource consumption metrics measured on an Alveo U280 board, demonstrating throughputs of 15.2 Gb/s for the base design, 15.2 Gb/s to 64.42 Gb/s for the overlay design, and up to 282 Gb/s for the pipelined design. These results demonstrate a range of high performances across varying throughput requirements. The proposed approach utilizes a system that ensures low latency and high throughput that yields streaming packet parsers directly from P4 programs, supporting parsing graphs with up to seven transitioning nodes and four connections between nodes. The functionality of the parsers was tested on enterprise networks, a firewall, and a 5G Access Gateway Function graph.

Nowadays, some of the most well-deployed infrastructures are Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Overlay Networks (ONs). They consist of hardware and software components designed to build private/secure channels, typically over the Internet. They are currently among the most reliable technologies for achieving this objective. VPNs are well-established and can be patched to address security vulnerabilities, while overlay networks represent the next-generation solution for secure communication. In this paper, for both VPNs and ONs, we analyze some important network performance components (RTT and bandwidth) while varying the type of overlay networks utilized for interconnecting traffic between two or more hosts (in the same data center, in different data centers in the same building, or over the Internet). These networks establish connections between KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) instances rather than the typical Docker/LXC/Podman containers. The first analysis aims to assess network performance as it is, without any overlay channels. Meanwhile, the second establishes various channels without encryption and the final analysis encapsulates overlay traffic via IPsec (Transport mode), where encrypted channels like VTI are not already available for use. A deep set of traffic simulation campaigns shows the obtained performance.

As the world undergoes rapid digitalization, individuals and objects are becoming more extensively connected through the advancement of Internet networks. This phenomenon has been observed in governmental and military domains as well, accompanied by a rise in cyber threats consequently. The United States (U.S.), in response to this, has been strongly urging its allies to adhere to the RMF standard to bolster the security of primary defense systems. An agreement has been signed between the Republic of Korea and the U.S. to collaboratively operate major defense systems and cooperate on cyber threats. However, the methodologies and tools required for RMF implementation have not yet been fully provided to several allied countries, including the Republic of Korea, causing difficulties in its implementation. In this study, the U.S. RMF process was applied to a specific system of the Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense, and the outcomes were analyzed. Emphasis was placed on the initial two stages of the RMF: 'system categorization' and 'security control selection', presenting actual application cases. Additionally, a detailed description of the methodology used by the Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense for RMF implementation in defense systems is provided, introducing a keyword-based overlay application methodology. An introduction to the K-RMF Baseline, Overlay, and Tailoring Tool is also given. The methodologies and tools presented are expected to serve as valuable references for ally countries, including the U.S., in effectively implementing the RMF. It is anticipated that the results of this research will contribute to enhancing cyber security and threat management among allies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Overlay restorations can be used clinically as a treatment option to preserve natural dentine. However, whether the residual enamel thickness and overlay thickness affect the adhesion between the restoration and tooth is still unknown. This study was to investigate effects of the overlay thickness and residual enamel thickness on bonding strength. Overlays of different thicknesses were prepared with natural teeth which had 2, 4, and 6 mm of occlusal reduction (n = 10). Specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles in water at 5–55 °C, and finally compressive strength tests were used to evaluate the bonding strength. All groups showed good bond strength (P > 0.05). The overlay restorations of different thicknesses reduced the preparation amount by 30.3%–7.2% and significantly preserved more of the tooth structure (P < 0.005). Compared to the control group, the overlay restoration increased the marginal fitness by about 0.67–0.88 times. The thermal cycling indicated that the decrease in the maximum bearing stress was due to the aging of the ceramic itself. Therefore, the thickness of the overlay had a greater influence on the compressive strength than the bond strength. Based on the above this study recommends an overlay thickness of at least 2 mm in clinical practice. The aging test confirmed that adhesion between the overlay and teeth was quite firm and stable. This shows that a stable adhesive effect of the overlay can be used as a treatment option for preserving a greater amount of a tooth's structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is backgrounded by the level of road damage that occurs on the Isimu - Paguyaman road so that the need for handling so that the transportation route runs smoothly. This study aims to analyze and determine the thickness of the overlay layer (overlay) using the 2017 Road Pavement Design Manual (MDP 2017) method with the Benkelman beam test tool, which is carried out on the Isimu - Paguyaman Road section (STA 17 + 100 - STA 18 + 100). Based on the results of the study, the overlay thickness was obtained from the results of traffic volume analysis by taking into account the CESAL value for 10 years of planning age of 11,476,966 ESA 4 for 10 years of planning age of 19,233,188.4 ESA4 and CESAL valueof 5. The difference in the results of calculating the CESAL value is due to the determination of equivalent numbers and different VDF values in each calculation. Overlay thickness based on the method of the 2017 Road Pavement Design Manual obtained a minimum AC-WC thickness of 11.23 cm by using an overlay thickness solution graph based on maximum characteristic deflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflection cracking in asphalt concrete (AC) overlays is a common form of pavement deterioration that occurs when underlying cracks and joints in the pavement structure propagate through an overlay due to thermal and traffic-induced movement, ultimately degrading the pavement's lifespan and performance. This study aims to determine how alterations in overlay thickness and temperature conditions, the incorporation of chopped fibers, and the use of geotextiles influence the overlay's capacity to postpone the occurrence of reflection cracking. To achieve the above objective, a total of 36 prism specimens were prepared and tested using an overlay testing machine (OTM). The variables considered in this study were the thickness of the overlay (40, 50, and 60 mm), temperature (20, 30, and 40 °C), mix type (reference mix and mix modified with 10% chopped fibers by weight of asphalt cement), and the inclusion of geotextile fabric at two positions (one-third of the depth from the base and at the bottom). The research outcomes revealed that a decreased temperature and thicker overlay led to a higher resistance to crack initiation and full propagation, as indicated by the values of critical fracture energy (Gc) and crack progression rate (CPR). Furthermore, the study observed the enhanced crack resistance of overlays in the presence of geotextiles, whether at the bottom or one-third of the depth from the bottom, with superior performance of the former. Despite a slight enhancement in certain properties, the incorporation of chopped fibers in the overlays did not substantially improve the overall performance compared to the reference specimens. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the variables that influence the ability of AC overlays to mitigate reflection cracking. These findings will aid engineers and designers in making informed decisions regarding overlay design and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubberized thin surfacing hot mix asphalt (RTSHMA) is a type of flexible pavement that is currently being developed. It can provide the same good performance as asphalt concrete-wearing course (AC-WC). Based on previous research, the use of crumb rubber in the asphalt mixture can provide several advantages, such as increasing the flexibility of the mix so that the pavement is more resistant to cracking. Based on research showing the advantages of rubberized asphalt, the idea emerged to apply it in the field, namely on the Palur-Sragen City Boundary section as wearing course. The method of analysis in this study was modeling the pavement structure with the KENPAVE and BISAR 3.0 programs. The analysis results showed that the AC-WC model and RTSHMA model have the same good performance because both of them have a service life of more than twenty years, which is the standard for flexible pavements. However, RTSHMA has an advantage, i.e., the thickness layer is 25% thinner than AC-WC's. With a thinner layer than AC-WC but the same good performance, RTSHMA is worth considering as an alternative pavement, especially for overlays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UHPFRC overlay on foot and bicycle path bridge Karl Heine Arch in Leipzig, Germany During a regular inspection of a pedestrian and bicycle bridge over the Karl Heine canal, leaks were detected in the waterproofing layer made of a thin layer of reaction resin. To ensure long‐term durability, the old waterproofing layer was removed and replaced with an ultra‐high‐performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with a thickness of 30 mm. The new layer has only a waterproofing function. The resulting increase in load‐bearing capacity was not considered. Because of the possible risk of damages for bicycle tires, flexible PVA plastic fibers were used instead of rigid steel fibers. On an area of approximately 160 m2, 6.5 m3 of UHFB were casted within one day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]