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Purpose This paper aims to draw attention to an urgent need for reform of the regulatory framework of the broader export credit system to ensure a new and comprehensive “safe haven” for officially supported export credits. The purpose is to analyse the complex debate on disciplines of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), creating a point of reference for future analysis of and debates around the “carve-out clause” of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) and a “safe haven” in a broader sense. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes inspiration from legal, economic and political science literature on subsidies and officially supported export credits, as well as on legal documents related to the WTO and the OECD. It examines the WTO subsidy and the OECD export credits framework, focusing on main legal and economic governance aspects. Then, it gives a critical analysis how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense might be, assessing frictions of and solutions for the fundamentally different set of disciplines, limitations, financial instruments not covered by OECD regulations, as well as new challenges related to climate finance. Findings After assessing the challenges regarding the “carve-out clause” of the WTO subsidy framework and two tracks aiming to create a new “safe haven”, requirements for comprehensive disciplines for officially supported export credits are pointed out. Furthermore, several misunderstandings and mistakes appearing in the debate are clarified. Research limitations/implications Desktop research rather than empirical field work. Practical implications This paper creates awareness for governments and exporters how to deal with a complex system of interrelated disciplines. The question, how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense can be, has not been resolved yet. Some authors focus on the WTO disciplines not taking into account the need for an effective matching procedure of the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits (the Arrangement). Furthermore, the introduction of several new pre-export financing programmes and the growing significance of climate finance-related instruments for export credit agencies creates both opportunities and challenges. This paper can serve as a reference point for the academic debate and further research. This paper also offers newcomers to the topic a comprehensive overview. Originality/value Although the “carve-out clause” and the Arrangement have been much discussed, there is limited literature review structuring both existing and new aspects of the debate, assessing (dis)advantages of arguments and interpretations. This paper both adds to the corpus of literature about the ASCM, as well as the Arrangement, and takes this corpus as the object of its analysis.

The article analyzes struggles about distributive justice in Austria, one of the wealthiest countries globally, and proposes a reinforced focus on how metaphors of redistribution and reciprocity create fiscal imaginaries. It analyzes how politicians, lobbyists, and activists strategically mobilize these metaphors in corporate and wealth taxation debates. Campaigns against wealth taxation portray wealth taxation as negative reciprocity and a threat to an imagined middle class. Those arguing in favor of them create images of unjustly appropriated value that needs to be redistributed. The article analyzes those shifts between notions of redistribution and reciprocity and the fiscal imaginaries created through these debates. Notably, the article argues for the necessity to embed discursive analysis within an understanding of contemporary capitalisms. It contrasts the fiscal imaginaries with challenges of fiscal relations, most importantly the distributed character of capital accumulation and the dilemma of the tax state, as governments orchestrate accumulation to capture parts of its value generated via taxation.

Physical activity is entering the virtual realm. Zwift is an at-home cycling system that is enjoying increasing popularity, yet the specifics of the experience of a virtual cyclist have not been studied to date. Building virtual sports systems can make physical activity accessible to more diverse user groups. To understand how and why users engage in virtual cycling, we conducted n=22 interviews with Zwift users. Through charting the motivations behind using Zwift, we determined that it allowed users to engage in a range of cycling activities traditionally reserved for professional cyclists. Our work reports on key motivations and identifies five key strategies which Zwift uses to create an engaging virtual sports experience. Further, we discuss how Zwift creates a world of virtual professionalism. Our findings offer a structured understanding of the experience of Zwift which can be used to inspire the design of future virtual amateur sports systems.

Playing together is crucial to the unique and invaluable bond be- tween grandparents and grandchildren. However, co-located interactions and play can be limited due to time, distance, or pandemic-related restrictions. To facilitate distributed play, we developed MagiBricks, a system comprised of 3D-printed smart toy bricks and baseplates that provide feedback regarding their placement. The familiarity and appeal of toy bricks to both older adults and children make them ideal for intergenerational play. We conducted a within-subjects study with six grandparent-grandchildren pairs. We compared the interactions and perceived connectedness of the pairs while playing over a distance with either i) MagiBricks or ii) identical regular toy bricks. We found that MagiBricks affected communication dynamics, role-taking, nature of play, and perception of connectedness during playtime compared to regular bricks and were unanimously preferred. We contribute design implications for future systems leveraging (smart) tangibles and fostering intergenerational connectedness.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Public Service Media (PSM) in supporting the Sustainable Development Goals 18 (Communication for All), from facilitating dialogue within community to acting as a critical watchdog over business and government. We look to issues of public value theory and performance measurement with a view to strengthening PSM’s role towards remaining strong arbiters of SDG18. Argumentation It views the lineages of the current public value debate for PSM as a useful exercise for answering questions surrounding the fundamental change in the news media industry and independent journalism, the challenges that PSM and are currently facing under the impact of sustainability, and the grounding public value theory and performance management thinking offers for PSM research and practice in understanding the breadth and complexity of these challenges. We argue that PSM benefit from improving the efficacy of their public value remit by exploring the Public Value Scorecard (PVSC) model which measures public value from an audience perspective. If PSM output and services are to improve the public value for audiences, it needs to consider criteria such as improving the well-being of individuals and communities across a wide range of dimensions. Findings We find that critical debates into public value theory and performance management practice can help improve our understanding of the challenges of PSM trying to add value to programming output and service quality as perceived by audiences. In our view, the PVSC is an effective framework to generate valuable insights to needs of increased audience engagement of public value creation for PSM. Measuring public value outcome on multiple dimensions comes as a defining moment of PSM wishing to improve outcomes for media audiences and stakeholders towards meeting SDG18 objectives, given the need that PSM become measurably more efficient and accountable. Originality / value This study critically examines the public value concept and empirically proves both economic value and societal welfare of PSM offerings. It adds value to discussions about the fitness of PSM and their role as guarantors of public value for society in meeting the SDG18 goals.

»Too little too late« – so lautet die alarmierende Einschätzung der Earth4All-Initiative zum Ausmaß und zur Geschwindigkeit, mit der gegenwärtig die großen ökologischen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit angegangen werden.1

Purpose: This article aims to explore the so-called illusion of explanatory depth (IOED) of managers regarding their understanding of digital technologies and examines the effect of knowledge visualization one’s current understanding and decision making. Its purpose is to show that managers think they know more than they do and that this affects decision making but can be reduced through knowledge visualization. Design/methodology/approach: In two experiments with experienced managers, the authors investigate the size and impact of the IOED bias in decision making and examine if sketched self-explanations are as effective as written self-explanations to reduce the bias. Findings: The findings show that experienced managers suffer from a significant illusion concerning their explanatory understanding of digital technologies and that sketching one’s current level of explanatory understanding of these technologies supports the accurate calibration of one’s knowledge. The findings indicate that sketching knowledge is a helpful modality for the detection and subsequent recalibration of biased knowledge in domain-dependent decision making. Originality/value: This article is the first to explore the effect of sketched knowledge externalization on the calibration of explanatory knowledge of managers. It extends the literature on both, the IOED and on knowledge visualization as an instrument of knowledge calibration.

Augmented reality applications allow users to enrich their real surroundings with additional digital content. However, due to the limited field of view of augmented reality devices, it can sometimes be difficult to become aware of newly emerging information inside or outside the field of view. Typical visual conflicts like clutter and occlusion of augmentations occur and can be further aggravated especially in the context of dense information spaces. In this article, we evaluate how multisensory cue combinations can improve the awareness for moving out-of-view objects in narrow field of view augmented reality displays. We distinguish between proximity and transition cues in either visual, auditory or tactile manner. Proximity cues are intended to enhance spatial awareness of approaching out-of-view objects while transition cues inform the user that the object just entered the field of view. In study 1, user preference was determined for 6 different cue combinations via forced-choice decisions. In study 2, the 3 most preferred modes were then evaluated with respect to performance and awareness measures in a divided attention reaction task. Both studies were conducted under varying noise levels. We show that on average the Visual-Tactile combination leads to 63% and Audio-Tactile to 65% faster reactions to incoming out-of-view augmentations than their Visual-Audio counterpart, indicating a high usefulness of tactile transition cues. We further show a detrimental effect of visual and audio noise on performance when feedback included visual proximity cues. Based on these results, we make recommendations to determine which cue combination is appropriate for which application.

In diesem Plädyoerbuch geht es um nichts weniger als einen "Neuanfang" der Führung in den höchsten (deutschen) Chefetagen.

Der Begriff "Purpose" hat sich als Anglizismus in der deutschen Sprache etabliert; er umschreibt gleichermassen Absicht, Zweck und Bestimmung für das Dasein eines Unternehmens; gesamthaft wird damit die Frage der Existenzberechtigung und Sinnstiftung von Organisationen berührt, die sich eben gerade nicht allein aus dem Geschäftszweck heraus ergibt.

The empirical laws governing human-curvilinear movements have been studied using various relationships, including minimum jerk, the 2/3 power law, and the piecewise power law. These laws quantify the speed-curvature relationships of human movements during curve tracing using critical speed and curvature as regressors. In this work, we provide a reservoir computing-based framework that can learn and reproduce human-like movements. Specifically, the geometric invariance of the observations, i.e., lateral distance from the closest point on the curve, instantaneous velocity, and curvature, when viewed from the moving frame of reference, are exploited to train the reservoir system. The artificially produced movements are evaluated using the power law to assess whether they are indistinguishable from their human counterparts. The generalisation capabilities of the trained reservoir to curves that have not been used during training are also shown.

The paradigmatic status achieved by Anthropocenic discourses coincides with the neoliberal construction of global nature as the scenario of environmental risk, which demands a general reorientation of thought and social practices toward the future. But what future?

Background:Clinical deterioration can go unnoticed in hospital wards for hours. Mobile technologies such as wearables and smartphones enable automated, continuous, noninvasive ward monitoring and allow the detection of subtle changes in vital signs. Cough can be effectively monitored through mobile technologies in the ward, as it is not only a symptom of prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, and COVID-19 but also a predictor of acute health deterioration. In past decades, many efforts have been made to develop an automatic cough counting tool. To date, however, there is neither a standardized, sufficiently validated method nor a scalable cough monitor that can be deployed on a consumer-centric device that reports cough counts continuously. These shortcomings limit the tracking of coughing and, consequently, hinder the monitoring of disease progression in prevalent respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and COVID-19 in the ward. Objective:This exploratory study involved the validation of an automated smartphone-based monitoring system for continuous cough counting in 2 different modes in the ward. Unlike previous studies that focused on evaluating cough detection models on unseen data, the focus of this work is to validate a holistic smartphone-based cough detection system operating in near real time. Methods:Automated cough counts were measured consistently on devices and on computers and compared with cough and noncough sounds counted manually over 8-hour long nocturnal recordings in 9 patients with pneumonia in the ward. The proposed cough detection system consists primarily of an Android app running on a smartphone that detects coughs and records sounds and secondarily of a backend that continuously receives the cough detection information and displays the hourly cough counts. Cough detection is based on an ensemble convolutional neural network developed and trained on asthmatic cough data. Results:In this validation study, a total of 72 hours of recordings from 9 participants with pneumonia, 4 of whom were infected with SARS-CoV-2, were analyzed. All the recordings were subjected to manual analysis by 2 blinded raters. The proposed system yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 99% on the device and 82% and 99% on the computer, respectively, for detecting coughs. The mean differences between the automated and human rater cough counts were −1.0 (95% CI −12.3 to 10.2) and −0.9 (95% CI −6.5 to 4.8) coughs per hour within subject for the on-device and on-computer modes, respectively. Conclusions:The proposed system thus represents a smartphone cough counter that can be used for continuous hourly assessment of cough frequency in the ward., JMIR Formative Research, 7, ISSN:2561-326X

While mental and substance use disorders are worryingly prevalent worldwide, voice-based conversational agents (VCAs) are penetrating our homes and are increasingly used for health-related purposes. As voice interaction is less effortful and more accessible than visual interfaces, VCAs may constitute a scalable solution for the delivery of health interventions. In particular, VCAs may respond to a requenst for support, as well as proactively providing it to the user. Also, voice interaction may be used to timely sense critical health states by gathering questionnaire data, as well as passively collecting acoustic data streams associated with health-related variables. In this chapter, we review what is currently available for individuals with mental and substance use disorders through the lens of a sensing-and-support paradigm. In particular, we present examples of VCAs and voice technology from academia and industry, and identify current capabilities and potentials for the management of mental and substance use disorders. Furthermore, we seek to illustrate the implementation gaps in comparison to the sensing-and-support paradigm and discuss the possible reasons for such gaps (i.e., implementation, cost, data management, and privacy concerns).

Ernährung ist für Menschen Grundlage zum Leben. In der Schweiz gibt es nicht nur ausreichend Nahrung, sondern auch die nötige Kaufkraft eines Grossteils der Bevölkerung, um Essen zu erwerben. Eine gesunde Ernährung ist wichtig, aber nicht immer einfach umzusetzen. Insbesondere in verarbeiteten Lebensmitteln stecken viele Zusatzstoffe und geschmacksverstärkende Fette, Zucker und Salz. Nicht zuletzt deshalb steht häufig im Zentrum der öffentlichen Debatte, was wir über die Ernährung konsumieren und welche Verantwortung unterschiedlichen Beteiligten dabei zukommt. Tatsächliches Ernährungsverhalten ist schwierig zu bestimmen und kann lediglich grob geschätzt werden. Aufgrund der hohen Relevanz für unterschiedliche Anspruchsgruppen wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, um diese Schätzung systematisch vorzunehmen. Die Zahlen bisher zur Verfügung stehender Studien nähern sich dem Thema Ernährung mit unterschiedlichen Ansätzen. Gemäss Agristat standen 2020 dem Aussenhandel und der ersten Verarbeitungsstufe Lebensmittelrohstoffe mit einem Energiewert von 3'050 Kilokalorien zur Verfügung. Mittels einer Ernährungsbefragung von 2'057 SchweizerInnen in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 schätzt menuCH den tatsächlichen Konsum der Lebensmittel auf 2'232 Kilokalorien. Die bisherigen Herangehensweisen und basierten auf Befragungen. Mit dem Schweizer Ernährungsatlas möchten wir einen weiteren methodologischen Ansatz zur Untersuchung der Ernährung vorstellen. Das übergeordnete Ziel besteht darin, auf Basis von Einkaufsdaten Rückschlüsse auf die Ernährung der Schweizer Bevölkerung zu ziehen. Unsere Berechnungen, basierend auf über zwölf Tonnen gekaufter Lebensmittel mit über 15,5 Millionen analysierter Kilokalorien, führen zu einem geschätzten Energiekonsum von 1'815 Kilokalorien pro Kopf und Tag und berücksichtigen dabei im Vergleich zu menuCH auch Kinder und Jugendliche. Die Erwachsenenbevölkerung konsumiert in unserer Erhebung 1'905 Kilokalorien. Unsere Herangehensweise führt zu einer systematischen Unterschätzung des Konsums, da gewisse Ernährungsquellen nicht mit Einkaufsdaten abgedeckt werden. Von dieser systematischen Unterschätzung nicht betroffen, ist die Zusammensetzung der Ernährung. Mit Blick auf die detaillierteren Ergebnisse sind zwei Erkenntnisse hervorzuheben: Erstens konsumiert unsere Stichprobe im Vergleich zu menuCH bei der Energieaufnahme anteilig mehr Fett und ähnlich viel Salz, freie und zugesetzte Zucker. Zweitens identifizieren wir Quellen ungesunder Ernährung und analysieren, aus welchen Produktgruppen SchweizerInnen am meisten gesättigte Fettsäuren, freie sowie zugesetzte Zucker und Salz konsumieren.

Since the 2008 financial crisis, Europe's largest banks have largely remained unchallenged. Is this because of the structural power banks continue to hold over states? This article challenges the view that states are sheer hostages of banks’ capacity to provide credit to the real economy—the conventional definition of structural power. Instead, it sheds light on the geo-economic dimension of banks’ power: key public officials conceive the position of “their own” banks in global financial markets as a crucial dimension of state power. State priority toward banking thus results from political choices as to what structurally matters most for the state. Based on a discourse analysis of parliamentary debates in France, Germany, and Spain, as well as on a comparative analysis of the implementation of a special tax on banks, this article shows that power dynamics within states largely shape political priorities toward banking at both domestic and international levels.

We introduce a multivariate Poisson-Generalized Inverse Gaussian regression model with varying dispersion and shape for modeling different types of claims and their associated counts in nonlife insurance. The multivariate Poisson-Generalized Inverse Gaussian regression model is a general class of models which, under the approach adopted herein, allows us to account for overdispersion and positive correlation between the claim count responses in a flexible manner. For expository purposes, we consider the bivariate Poisson-Generalized Inverse Gaussian with regression structures on the mean, dispersion, and shape parameters. The model's implementation is demonstrated by using bodily injury and property damage claim count data from a European motor insurer. The parameters of the model are estimated via the Expectation-Maximization algorithm which is computationally tractable and is shown to have a satisfactory performance.

The aviation industry is responsible for a large proportion of CO2 emissions in Switzerland. For this reason, the Swiss parliament planned to introduce a flight ticket levy, with the aim of reducing the demand for flights in Switzerland and thus the CO2 emissions of commercial aviation. However, critics have often argued that travellers would circumvent this measure by using foreign departure airports. Through a choice-based conjoint analysis, this master’s thesis analyses the effect of a flight ticket levy on the airport choice behaviour of Swiss citizens for short-haul flights. The study demonstrates that a flight ticket levy as it has been planned by the Swiss government would only marginally influence the demand behaviour of Swiss citizens. A flight ticket levy of a sufficient amount would rather lead to a decrease in passengers than to environmentally harmful evasive behaviour.

Transportation by means of internal combustion still constitutes the main mode of mobility. As such, it exerts adverse effects on human health and Earth's climate through the emission of exhaust gases and noise. We present two works that aim to quantify commercial vehicle traffic [1] and to estimate road traffic noise [2]. In both works, we rely on Deep Learning methods and freely available multi-band satellite imagery from Sentinel-2. We utilize ground-truth traffic rates and road noise estimates available for Switzerland to train and evaluate our approaches. We find that we can quantify commercial vehicle traffic rates with an RMSE down to 60 vehicles per hour and we can estimate road traffic noise levels with an RMSE down to 9 dBA for any location in Switzerland. Our studies show that satellite-based observations in combination with Deep Learning are sufficient to estimate commercial vehicle traffic rates and resulting road traffic noise and that this method may provide reasonable approximations in places where no ground-truth data is available. [1]: Blattner, Moritz; Mommert, Michael & Borth, Damian: Commercial Vehicle Traffic Detection from Satellite Imagery with Deep Learning. 2021. - ICML 2021 Workshop on Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning Workshop. [2]: Eicher, Leonardo; Mommert, Michael & Borth, Damian: Traffic Noise Estimation from Satellite Imagery with Deep Learning. 2022. - IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2022. - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Nonprofit organizations have eagerly embraced Facebook as a strategic tool to reach out to their stakeholders and cultivate relationships with them. An important indicator for the success of these relationship-building efforts is the extent to which they foster engagement in the form of likes, comments, and shares (Saxton & Waters, 2014; Smith, 2018). Although Facebook is a predominantly visual media, research on the efficacy of visual relationship-building is scarce (Eftekhar et al., 2014; Smith, 2018). A handful of studies suggests that nonprofit organizations can significantly increase user engagement by adding photos to their posts (Brubaker & Wilson, 2018; Kim & Yang, 2017; Smith, 2018; Strekalova & Krieger, 2017). However, missing from current knowledge is what specific types of photos may facilitate relationship building and boost user engagement.

Peter F. Drucker gilt als Vater des modernen Managements. Aber erst nach seinem Tod 2005 wurde in Wirtschaftskreisen sein tiefes Interesse für gesellschaftliche Fragen bekannt. Mittlerweile liegen einige Arbeiten vor, die den «ganzen» Peter Drucker zu begreifen versuchen. Peter Paschek fasst in diesem «Erinnerungsbuch » seinen Zugang zum Denken von Drucker zusammen, dem dieser über 20 Jahre als Freund, Lehrer und Mentor verbunden war.

Die Grundidee des Leipziger Führungsmodell (LFM)1 klingt einfach: Unternehmen und ihre Mitglieder sollen einen Beitrag leisten, von dem das Unternehmen und die Gesellschaft, aber auch die Beitragenden selbst profitieren. Dieser hohe Anspruch erfordert im Kern einen Purpose, der Orientierung gibt, effektiv, unternehmerisch und verantwortungsvoll zu handeln.

Die COVID-19-Pandemie steht in einer Reihe komplexer Krisen von zunehmend globalem Ausmaß. Der Eindruck verfestigt sich, dass wir uns im dauerhaften Krisenzustand befi nden. Gute Führung ist gefragt. Was bleibt, was ändert sich? Was können wir aus der Krise lernen? Für die Selbstführung, die Führung in Unternehmen und Organisationen und die Führung im Kontext der Gesellschaft? Am Beispiel der COVID-19-Krise denken Professor:innen der Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL) darüber nach, was dies für ihr Fachgebiet bedeutet und geben Empfehlungen ab. Gemeinsamer Bezugsrahmen ist das Leipziger Führungsmodell mit den Handlungsfeldern Purpose, Unternehmergeist, Verantwortung und Effektivität. Im Ergebnis plädieren sie dafür, die großen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit (Grand Challenges) sowie die Effekte und Wirkungen unternehmerischen Handelns im gesellschaftlichen Umfeld gezielt(er) in den Blick zu nehmen. Kurz: Gute Führung in der Krise bedeutet, zur Bewältigung von Grand Challenges beizutragen. Die Liste ist lang: Klimakrise, Geopolitik, Gleichheit …

Mit der COVID-19-Krise sammeln wir – ob wir es wollen oder nicht – neue Erfahrungen. Sie fordert einen Einschnitt und Veränderungsleistung in vielen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen und privaten Lebens. Zusammen mit der immer mehr ins öffentliche Bewusstsein tretenden Klimakrise entsteht der Eindruck eines längeren Krisenmodus, der uns allen viel abverlangen wird. Eines scheint sicher: Führung wird noch komplexer und damit anspruchsvoller. Mit dem Leipziger Führungsmodell (LFM)1 wird ein Verständnis darüber vermittelt, was gute Führung bedeuten soll. Es wurde im Anschluss an einen Krisenmodus (die Finanzkrise) entwickelt und als Orientierungsrahmen formuliert. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden Grand Challenges – also jene komplexen Probleme, die weder eine einfache bzw. bekannte Lösung haben noch von wenigen allein gelöst werden können. Fehl am Platz sind Machbarkeitsvorstellungen, die den „richtigen“ Weg zu kennen glauben. Gute Führung – so lehren wir im Hörsaal – beginnt mit der Bereitschaft, sich immer wieder selbst zu hinterfragen und eigene innere Widersprüche als Quelle für Veränderung und Neues zu erkennen.

Unter dem Titel „Die Grenzen des Wachstums“ hat der Club of Rome vor genau 50 Jahren auf knapp 200 Seiten einen Bericht zur Lage der Menschheit veröffentlicht.1 Die Pointe dieser im Grunde verheerenden Diagnose zu den Folgen unserer Wirtschaftsweise für das Leben auf der Erde war: Es ist möglich, die Lebensgrundlagen zu erhalten, wenn wir unseren Wohlstand nicht allein am Bruttoinlandsprodukt festmachen. Die Idee des Wachstums wird nicht verabschiedet, sondern deutlich weiter gefasst: Gemeinsam wachsen, sinnvoll wachsen, im Einklang mit der Natur wachsen.

Die Idee zu diesem Sammelband entstand zur Jahreswende 2020/21. Sie wurde mitten im Pandemie-Modus mit dem Anspruch einer Selbstbefragung geboren: Was ist bewahrenswert,was müssen wir mit Blick auf das Leipziger Führungsmodell (LFM) hinterfragen oder gar neu denken? Im Call for Papers haben wir zu Kurzessays eingeladen: keine Fachartikel im engeren Sinne, aber auch keine Meinungsstücke. Der Bezug auf das Leipziger Führungsmodell sollte Anschlussfähigkeit im Gesamtwerk sichern und Grundlage für die eigene Reflexion bieten. Entscheidend für die je eigene Schwerpunktsetzung sollte ein klarer Zielgruppenfokus mit Blick auf die junge Generation sein. Gemeint sind aktuelle und künftige Studierende, aber auch junge Menschen, die bereits im Berufsleben stehen.

Making innovation, trade, investment and environment policy goals mutually supportive creates challenges for internationally‐oriented firms, financial institutions, governments and other stakeholders. Will the Ukraine war derail the green energy transition? How can governments and the financial system work together to broaden, deepen, and accelerate the global transition to net‐zero? What are innovation, trade and investment opportunities for green growth? How to refocus government financing instruments to support countries and trade partners meet their climate targets in times of crisis? The IfTI Global Symposium 2022 hosted by the Institute of Trade and Innovation (IfTI) at Offenburg University discussed challenges to trade in a new global order, as well as opportunities and threats of the green transition. This Special Section brings together practitioner commentaries of key symposium speakers.

Since 2016, the Quality Development Services (QD) and the Centre for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education at the University of St.Gallen (IWP) have been offering Teaching Analysis Polls (TAPs) to instructors on a voluntary basis. TAPs are a participatory, formative feedback method with which university instructors can obtain qualitative feedback on their courses during the semester. Insights regarding what helps or impedes their students’ learning and any suggestions for improvement can be implemented directly in the same course SQUARE was ceremonially opened in 2022. Designed by the Japanese architect Sou Fujimoto, the building is intended to be an experimental field for teaching and learning, which enables interaction between students, university faculty, business and industry professionals, and local residents. At the request of SQUARE, specialized TAPs were developed and conducted in the spring semester 2022 to gain insights into teaching and learning within SQUARE. Our main research questions were: From the students’ perspective – what aspects of the course and SQUARE support and impede the learning experience? What suggestions do students have for improving teaching and learning in their course and in SQUARE?

The relative autonomy of education has always been in jeopardy. Particularly today, several developments (e.g., the rise of ‘Empirische Bildungsforschung’ (empirical educational research) seem to threaten the disciplinary “heart” of Pädagogik or at least fundamentally transform its appearance in the German-speaking context. With this in mind, we argue that it is valuable to reconsider the principle of the relative autonomy of education, which is a central topic of the paradigm Geisteswissenschaftliche Pädagogik. Therefore, we take a closer look at Pädagogik’s/Erziehungswissenschaft’s past, present, and future. In the first part of this talk we retrace the historical development of this field of study in the German-speaking context and delineate when the idea of education as a relative autonomously discipline was introduced and what it originally means. In the second part of the talk, we analyze the current state of the discipline and spotlight developments threatening education’s autonomy. We shed light on the question of what might get lost if Pädagogik/Erziehungswissenschaft as a discipline in its own right disappeared. In the last part, we argue for education as an independent discipline that advances its own questions, interests, and perspectives and outline how educationalists can strengthen education’s autonomy and disciplinary identity.

Since Xi Jinping’s announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, China has stipulated economic agreements with over a hundred countries and developed trade links across Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America. As China’s influence spreads worldwide, international media and scholarly debates have increasingly explored the rapidly changing power relations. While recent scholarship discusses the BRI from the fields of geography, international relations, and economics, few studies have yet examined perceptions of the BRI within China from the visual arts. This paper analyses contemporary works by artists Zhao Zhao and Liu Yujia to shed light on underrepresented visual narratives of the BRI in Xinjiang province. Due to its strategic position near the north-western border, this region is undergoing extensive urban transformations at the expense of its people and cultural heritage. While Zhao’s work mocks the technological and infrastructural development and attempts to preserve certain cultural traditions of Xinjiang, Liu stretches the temporal and spatial boundaries of the BRI and re-imagines this commercial route through granular images, time-overlaps, and uncanny views. Rather than viewing China as a threatening ‘Other’, this paper responds to the urgency to comprehend China’s indigenous socio-cultural dimensions. Moreover, it problematises the domestic changes imposed by the BRI and critically analyses the alternative visualisations offered by Zhao’s and Liu’s multimedia work. Finally, by approaching the BRI from the perspective of visual arts, this presentation breaks new ground for an emerging scholarly debate and new interdisciplinary framework to grasp the BRI.

Erziehungswissenschaftliche Theorien sind ein konstitutives Element universitärer Pädagogikstudiengänge. Deshalb ist es von besonderem Interesse, was Studierende und Dozierende erziehungswissenschaftlicher und lehramtsbezogener Studiengänge über diese Theorien denken, wie sie diese bewerten und inwiefern sie sich damit im Rahmen individueller Professionalisierungsprozesse auseinandersetzen. Zu diesen Fragen existieren bis dato nur wenige empirische Befunde. Deshalb bestanden die übergreifenden Ziele des hier beschriebenen Dissertationsprojekts darin, (1) empirisches Wissen über die subjektive Repräsentanz, Relevanz und Rezeption erziehungswissenschaftlicher Theorien zu gewinnen und (2) für die Beschreibung, Erklärung und Optimierung individueller Professionalisierung der genannten (Personen-)Gruppen anschlussfähig zu machen.

Since coming to power in 2012, Xi Jinping has announced a new dream for China and its people, the China Dream. This assertive ideology, alongside China’s economic growth and the election of the charismatic Xi have attracted scholarly attention in the fields of international studies, politics and China. However, what is still emerging is a comprehensive discourse on the China Dream from the lens of visual arts, which can bring forth less visible aspects of twenty-first-century China and alternative narratives to the official one. This paper examines the visual works by Chinese artists, Jiang Zhi, Chen Wei and Cao Fei, to reveal the plurality of these dreams and even some of the nightmares and fears subtending the party’s Dream. Through visual analysis, semi-structured interviews and a socio-historical approach, this paper contributes to an emerging scholarship on visual arts in dialogue with the China Dream and the current socio-political circumstances.

As an empirical investigation of firm support for circular economy regulation in the European Union (EU) context, this paper is the first to connect the research field on corporate political activity with the growing research field on the circular economy. The paper presents these two research streams, draws on theories such as the resource-based view, and employs a hierarchical regression framework to formulate and test six hypotheses on what drives firms to support circular economy regulation. We find that smaller firms show more support for circular economy regulation than larger firms do and identify two moderating effects: the stock listing seems to moderate the relationship between firm size and a firm’s support for circular economy regulation; and a firm’s supply chain position has a counterintuitive negative moderating effect on the relationship between slack resources and a firm’s support for circular economy regulation. We discuss null findings and suggest avenues for future research at this under-researched intersection of policies and firms in the circular economy context.

A variety of technologies are being developed to help older peo- ple live healthier, more independent, and safer lives, for longer. While many of these technologies are positively impacting the lives of older adults, they also have the potential to dictate specific be- haviours or restrict their autonomy rather than empower them. The vulnerability theory of privacy proposes that vulnerable popula- tions are not only more likely to be susceptible to privacy violations, but are also disproportionately affected by said violations. In this position paper, we adapt the vulnerability theory of privacy to the older adult population, and identify a further potential exacerbatory cycle. The risk of a ’slippery slope’ of privacy violation occurs when AAL technologies enable an elevated and quantified visibility of (mis)behaviour and irregular activity that could seem to justify the deployment of further AAL technology. We present ‘ratchet-wise rehabilitation’ as an alternative vision to the ‘slippery slope’ and identify research and design challenges throughout the paper.

In fulfilling one of their key tasks, university instructors develop vast amounts of teaching and learning concepts and materials every semester, using human, time, and financial resources. Until now, little importance has been attached to teaching-related knowledge management, i.e., the systematic, synergetic, and sustainable use of knowledge in the context of academic teaching. Consequently, we aimed at developing a theory-based and easy-to-use reflection tool which enables educators in (higher) education to observe and evaluate their own practices of teaching-related knowledge management. In this talk, we describe the theoretical foundation, the development, the structure, and essential application possibilities of the tool LeWiMa. It aims at helping instructors systematically reflect on their teaching-related knowledge management, to identify their potential for improvement, qualification as well as training needs, and to take demand-oriented measures which might enable them to teach more efficiently, systematically, and, sustainably in the medium term and long term. Key Words: Knowledge Management, Higher Education, Teaching, Reflection, Professionalization, Sustainability Education, Academic Development

A commonly held assumption is that public service motivation (PSM) positively affects individuals’ attraction to government, but there are also private and nonprofit organizations that are beneficial to the common good. Therefore, the goal of this study is to shed light on an understudied topic in Public Administration, namely, how the public value of public, private, and nonprofit organizations affects their attractiveness to citizens and how PSM moderates this relationship. We find that employer attractiveness is strongly influenced by organizations’ public value regardless sectoral affiliation. This attribution of public value interacts with citizens’ PSM. For high-PSM individuals, the relationship between public value and attractiveness is stronger than for low-PSM individuals. Furthermore, high PSM exercises an asymmetric effect, punishing organizations with low public value more strongly in the private sector. These results highlight important implications for HR practitioners in all three sectors seeking to attract and retain highly motivated employees.

This study of managing volatility in logistics markets published by the Institute of Supply Chain Management at the University of St.Gallen investigates volatility in freight rates for sea, road, rail, and air as modes of transport and sheds light on management practices from the perspective of shippers, intermediaries, and carriers. In addition, this study provides a classification and analysis of indices and digital business models in freight, thus making a substantial contribution to better understanding tools available on the market and their individual value propositions for shippers, intermediaries, and carriers.

New forms of organizing to enable the flexible self-organizing of value creating processes and activities and a strategic development in the context of uncertainty and complexity require organizational experimentation, and at the same time challenge existing practices of strategic management. In this paper, we specifically study new forms of organizing as emerging from experimentation, and conceptualize this process as organizational inquiry in a pragmatist perspective. Furthermore, we study the consequences for strategic management in this context. Thereby, we benefit from recent developments in the Routine Dynamics research program to understand how such experimentation is organized, as well as how related management practices are created and established. Based on this theoretical conceptualization, we ask the following research question: How do strategic management routines enable and enact organizational inquiry? Empirically, our paper benefits from an ethnographic process study of an organization that was initially conceived of as a social experiment, in the form of an ecosystem of self-organizing “cells”. In parallel, it deliberately questioned established ideas of strategic management, by developing organization-specific management routines enabling organizational inquiry.

At first glance, hope and optimism appear to be two almost identical concepts. The predominant cognitive theories maintain that both are based on positive future expectancies regarding goal attainment. However, other approaches recommend distinguishing between hope and future expectancies and sustain that the differences between hope and optimism are of a more substantial nature. The present study investigates the distinction between a new short instrument to measure hope as perceived by the general public, and dispositional optimism as measured by the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) in a South African sample. After comparing both instruments using confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling in Mplus, a number of encouraging results emanated from the data. First, the Perceived Hope Scale (PHS) is a unitary and coherent measure of perceived hope. Second, perceived hope, as measured by the PHS, and optimism and pessimism as measured by the LOT-R, are psychometrically distinguished latent dimensions, optimally specified by their indicator variables. Furthermore, perceived hope represents a fundamental construct in the prediction of health outcomes and well-being and is an important antecedent to optimism and dispositional hope. Perceived hope is thus an important additional facet to consider in investigating well-being.

We investigate whether an organization’s social contribution is associated with positive consequences for both the organization and its employees by building on the growing body of research that aims to bridge the gap between micro-level and macro-level phenomena. Specifically, we theorize and empirically show that public value can increase the engagement of employees, while employee engagement mediates the effect of public value on job satisfaction, affective commitment, life satisfaction, and intention to quit. To test our hypotheses, we conduct a large-scale representative online survey (N = 1383). We use organizational public value as a comprehensive conceptualization of the social contribution of organizations and measure employee engagement by creating and validating a German-language version of Shuck et al.'s (2017a) employee engagement scale. Our findings indicate that both external and internal benefits for the organization and its employees may need to be considered when an organization decides on how to balance or integrate profit and social contribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that the experiences of employees regarding not only their work role but also their role as members of their organization, i.e., their perception of their organization’s public value, are relevant for a more comprehensive understanding of what affects and engages employees.

The sharing economy is attracting increasing research attention. However, scholarly knowledge lacks understanding about the individuals who are the key players in this emerging phenomenon. This study uses an explorative approach to investigate the individual-level characteristics of sharing economy users and providers. We analyze a sample of 1170 respondents and reveal that socio-demographics (gender, age, and education), personality traits (Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness), and attitudes (interdependent self, materialism, sharing economy support, and perceived public value contributions) are significantly associated with people's activities in the sharing economy. Our results shed new lights into the academic debate about individual drivers of the sharing economy.

Erziehungswissenschaftliche Theorien zählen zum Kernbestand universitärer Pädagogikstudiengänge. Deshalb ist es von besonderem Interesse was Studierende und Dozierende erziehungswissenschaftlicher und lehramtsbezogener Studiengänge über diese Theorien denken, wie sie diese bewerten und inwiefern sie sich damit in Studium und Lehre auseinandersetzen. In diesem Band widmet sich Stefan T. Siegel dieser Desiderate, die an der Schnittstelle von Wissenschafts-, Professions- und Hochschulforschung liegen, aus einer pädagogisch-psychologischen Perspektive. In einer multiperspektivischen Mixed-Methods-Studie generiert er (1) empirisches Wissen über die Repräsentanz, Relevanz und Rezeption erziehungswissenschaftlicher Theorien in Studium und Lehre und macht dieses (2) für die Beschreibung, Erklärung und Optimierung der individuellen Professionalisierung der genannten Akteure anschlussfähig. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf Problemfelder und Professionalisierungspotenziale sowohl mit Blick auf (angehende) Pädagog*innen als auch mit Blick auf die Erziehungswissenschaft als wissenschaftliche Disziplin. Die Erkenntnisse bieten Impulse für einen konstruktiven Streit über die aktuellen Theorieentwicklungen und die disziplinäre Identität des Faches.

Theoretischer Hintergrund Repräsentative Studien (vgl. u. a. mpfs 2020; Rat für kulturelle Bildung 2019) zeigen die wachsende Bedeutung und Rezeption von Lehr-/Lernvideos in Forschung und Praxis. Der Terminus Lehrvideos bildet einen Oberbegriff für verschiedene Formen audiovisueller (Bildungs-)Medien (z. B. Erklärvideos, Screencasts), die sich nach klassifikatorischen Merkmalen, wie bspw. Produktionsart, Inhalt oder Dauer unterscheiden lassen (vgl. Handke 2020, S. 150–175; Valentin 2018, S. 14–18) und die als Lehr- und Lernmittel eingesetzt werden. Lehrvideos müssen somit ein „Mindestmaß an Didaktisierung“ (Findeisen et al. 2019, S. 18) aufweisen. Bis dato existieren verschiedene Beiträge, Übersichten und Checklisten, die bspw. didaktische Kriterien (vgl. u. a. Kulgemeyer 2020, S. 70–75; Schön & Ebner 2020, S. 75–80) oder (lern-)psychologische Kriterien (vgl. z. B. Brame 2016, S. 3; Schmidt-Borcherding 2020, S. 63–70) zur Bewertung von Lehrvideos in den Fokus rücken. Derzeit fehlt jedoch eine systematische, disziplinübergreifende Übersicht, welche die Vielfalt an Qualitätskriterien sowie die damit verbundenen (interdisziplinären) Perspektiven auf Lehrvideos bündelt und es somit Nutzenden erleichtert, die verschiedenen Qualitäten dieser Bildungsmedien zu erkennen und beurteilen zu können. Ein aktueller Sammelband (Matthes, Siegel & Heiland 2021; anonymisiert) widmet sich dem Bildungsmedium Lehrvideos in Forschung und Praxis. Er bündelt die Expertise von Autor*innen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen (z. B. Erziehungswissenschaft, Physikdidaktik, Deutsch(-didaktik)) von mehreren Standorten (u. a. Augsburg, Leipzig, Kassel). Fragestellungen Vor diesem Hintergrund bestand das übergreifende Ziel des im Folgenden präsentierten systematischen Reviews darin, eine multiperspektivische, heuristische Übersicht über Qualitätskriterien für Lehrvideos zu entwickeln. Dabei wurden folgende Forschungsfragen adressiert: (1) Auf welche Qualitätskriterien beziehen sich die Autor*innen des Sammelbands (Matthes, Siegel & Heiland 2021) ihren jeweiligen Beiträgen? Was zeichnet nach Ansicht der jeweiligen Autor*innen gelungene Lehrvideos aus? (2) Wie können die gefundenen(Qualitäts-)Kriterien synthetisiert und in einem Kriterien- bzw. Kategorienraster dargestellt werden? Methode Um die genannten Forschungsfragen adäquat beantworten zu können, wurde im Zeitraum von Februar bis Mai 2021 ein präregistriertes systematisches Review in Anlehnung an den siebenschrittigen Ansatz von Torgerson et al. (2017, S. 166–168) durchgeführt. Diese Schritte bestanden in der (1) Entwicklung von Forschungsfragen, (2) Planung bzw. Präregistrierung der Studie, (3) Aufbau des Analysekorpus, (4) den Inhaltsanalysen, (5) der (Qualitäts-)Bewertung der Zwischenergebnisse, (6) der Synthese der gewonnenen Qualitätskriterien und (7) dem Bericht der Studienergebnisse. Im Zuge des systematischen Reviews wurden 19 der 21 Beiträge des genannten Sammelbands ausgewählt, da in Ihnen mindestens ein Qualitätskriterium für Lehrvideos thematisiert wurde und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse in Anlehnung an Kuckartz (2018) analysiert. Die Inhaltanalysen wurden von den Autor*innen dieses Beitrags unabhängig voneinander computergestützt in einem systematischen, iterativ-zyklischen Forschungsprozess analysiert. Ergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung Mit Blick auf die analysierten Beiträge wurden 629 Textstellen codiert, in denen Qualitätskriterien für Lehrvideos zum Ausdruck kommen. Die gefundenen Qualitätskriterien beziehen sich sowohl auf inhaltliche Anforderungen, als auch auf angemessene Darstellungsweisen und wurden in Kategorien zusammengefasst: Die meisten Codierungen entfielen dabei auf die Kategorie(medien-)pädagogisch-didaktische Qualitätskriterien (414 Codierungen). Unter die Kategorie (lern-)psychologische Qualitätskriterien wurden 156 Codierungen subsumiert. Technische Qualitätskriterien wurden 25-mal codiert, wohingegen filmanalytische und rechtliche Aspekte in 23 bzw. 18 Textstellen thematisiert wurden. Unsere Analysen zeigen, dass sich die Autor*innen auf ein breites Spektrum an Kriterien beziehen. Das im Zuge des systematischen Reviews entwickelte multiperspektivische, heuristische Raster fasst die Qualitätskategorien für Lehrvideos, denen die von den Beitragenden des Sammelbands (Autor*innen 2021; anonymisiert) in ihren Beiträgen angeführten Qualitätskriterien zugeordnet wurden, in systematischer Form zusammen. Die wesentlichen Stärken (u. a. Interdisziplinarität) und Limitationen (z. B. begrenzter Datenkorpus) der präsentierten Studie sowie die Einsatzmöglichkeiten (bspw. Lehrer*innenbildung) des Instruments werden im Vortrag dargelegt. Literatur - Brame, Cynthia J. (2016): Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Maximizing Student Learning from Video Content. In: CBE Life Sciences Education (2016), S. 1–6. - Findeisen, Stefanie; Horn, Sebastian; Seifried, Jürgen (2019): Lernen durch Videos – Empirische Befunde zur Gestaltung von Erklärvideos. MedienPädagogik, (Occasional Papers), S. 16–36. - Handke, Jürgen (2020): Handbuch Hochschullehre Digital. 3. Aufl. Baden-Baden: Tectum. - Kuckartz, Udo (2018): Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterstützung. 4. Aufl. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz. - Kulgemeyer, Christoph (2020): Didaktische Kriterien für gute Erklärvideos. In: Dorgerloh, Stephan; Wolf, Karsten D. (Hrsg.): Lehren und Lernen mit Tutorials und Erklärvideos. Weinheim: Beltz, S. 70–75. - Matthes, Eva; Siegel, Stefan T.; Heiland, Thomas (Hrsg.) (2021): Lehrvideos – das Bildungsmedium der Zukunft? Erziehungswissenschaftliche und fachdidaktische Perspektiven. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt. - MPFS (2020): JIM-Studie 2020. Jugend, Information, Medien. Basisuntersuchung zum Medienumgang 12- bis 19-jähriger. Abrufbar unter: https://www.mpfs.de/studien/jim-studie/2020/, letzter Zugriff: 11.10.20201. - Rat für kulturelle Bildung (2019): Jugend/YouTube/Kulturelle Bildung. Horizont 2019. Abrufbar unter: https://www.rat-kulturelle-bildung.de/publikationen/studien, letzter Zugriff: 11.10.20201. - Schmidt-Borcherding, Florian (2020): Zur Lernpsychologie von Erklärvideos. Theoretische Grundlagen. In: Dorgerloh, Stephan/Wolf, Karsten D. (Hrsg.) (2020): Lehren und Lernen mit Tutorials und Erklärvideos. Weinheim: Beltz, S. 63–70. - Schön, Sandra; Ebner, Martin (2020): Was macht ein gutes Erklärvideo aus? In: Dorgerloh, Stephan; Wolf, Karsten D. (Hrsg.) (2020): Lehren und Lernen mit Tutorials und Erklärvideos. Weinheim: Beltz, S. 75–80. - Torgerson, Carole; Hall, Jill; Lewis-Light, Kate (2017): Systematic Reviews. In: Coe, Robert; Waring, Michael; Hedges, Larry V.; Arthur, James (Hrsg.): Research Methods and Methodologies in Education. 2. Aufl. Los Angeles: Sage, S. 166–180. - Valentin, Katrin (2018): Video-Tutorials. Eine systematisierende Annäherung aus erziehungswissenschaftlicher Perspektive. In: Medienimpulse 56, H. 4, S. 1–39.

Frei sein und sich frei fühlen ist nicht dasselbe. Was nützt die Freiheit, vermeintlich alles tun und lassen zu können, wenn ein Mensch die Chance nicht erkennt oder sich mit ihr überfordert fühlt?