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The aim of this paper is to propose a strategy to implement the Minimal Model Program in modern computer algebra systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is a next-generation positron–electron collider experiment, designed to study various physics topics in the tau-charm energy region. The designed peak luminosity of STCF is 0.5×1035cm−2s−1, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the current tau-charm factory, BESIII. To implement the offline data processing tasks, as well as tackling the great challenge posed by the huge data volume, the offline software of STCF (OSCAR) is designed to implement the detector simulation, digitization, calibration, reconstruction as well as to provide a common platform for data analysis. This paper presents the status and progress of the OSCAR system, including the design, implementation as well as the preliminary performance of the core software, detector simulation, digitization and background mixing and reconstruction algorithms for all sub-detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria in insects that can manipulate the sexual development and reproduction by male killing or other methods. We have recently identified a Wolbachia protein named Oscar that acts as a male‐killing factor for lepidopteran insects. Oscar interacts with the Masculinizer (Masc) protein, which is required for both masculinization and dosage compensation (DC) in lepidopteran insects. Embryonic expression of Oscar inhibits masculinization and causes male killing in two lepidopteran species, Ostrinia furnacalis and Bombyx mori. However, it remains unknown whether Oscar‐induced male killing is caused by a failure of DC. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of Oscar complementary RNA‐injected O. furnacalis and B. mori embryos, and found that Oscar primarily targets the Masc protein, resulting in male killing by interfering with DC in lepidopteran insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the circulation and chemical processes associated with the deposition of the largest oil spill that reached the northeast coast of Brazil during the second half of 2019. Using the Oil Spill Contingency And Response model (OSCAR), we performed both deterministic and probabilistic simulations of oil spills from tanker ships that were present in the sea in the region at the time. The study used a dataset comprising the latitudinal distribution of oil sightings along the coast between 31 August and 2 December 2019 (box plot analysis) provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). The total amount of oil that reached the coast during this period (approximately 5000 tons) and the date and location of the first sighting (30 August, in the southern part of the state of Paraíba (PB)) were also used as parameters to assess the results of the 31 simulations conducted for ships en route near the area of interest between July and August 2019. The results indicate that a leak having occurred through a mobile source is the most plausible hypothesis for explaining the observed temporal–spatial arrival of the oil leaks along the Brazilian coastline. We suggest that prevention, monitoring, and international cooperation are essential for reducing the risks of future environmental accidents of the kind analyzed in this study and to protect the environment and communities affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The western Arctic marginal seas undergo large seasonal variation, but are very challenging to observe directly due to sea ice and shallow depths. Deployments of several saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles in the summers of 2018 and 2019 provided unique opportunities to validate the satellite‐derived near surface currents, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR), in the western Arctic marginal seas against in situ upper ocean current measurements. Overall, OSCAR current is biased low (by 5.3 cm/s) with significant noise. Higher vector correlation estimated by the cosine similarity and speed differences often occur where stronger currents (often topography‐steered) are observed. Such differences reveal that the data set resolvability depends on spatial and temporal resolutions, smoothing, and latitudes, suggesting that OSCAR is able to depict the major current systems but significantly underestimates their strength. Poorer vector correlation occurs at weaker current regimes (<10 cm/s), over the shallow Hanna Shoal, near fresher water due to ice melt and river discharge. The latter two water class regimes highlight the importance of salinity contribution to the buoyancy force which is neglected in the OSCAR formulation. Plain Language Summary: It is challenging to make direct measurements in the western Arctic marginal seas, which undergo large seasonal swings, because of the sea ice and shallow depths. We validate the satellite‐derived surface current product, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR), against observations from saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles in the western Arctic marginal seas cruising in summers of 2018 and 2019. Overall, OSCAR current is biased low and noisy. Higher current direction relation and speed differences often occur where stronger currents are observed. Such differences suggest that the reliability of OSCAR depends on several factors. It also suggests that OSCAR is able to depict the major current systems but significantly underestimates their strength. Poorer current direction relation occurs at weaker current regimes, over the shallow Hanna Shoal, near fresher water due to ice melt and river discharge. The latter two regimes highlight the importance of salinity information, which however, is neglected in the OSCAR model. Key Points: This study validates Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR) satellite derived surface currents in the western Arctic, including the very shallow waters, by saildronesHigh vector correlation but larger vector difference between OSCAR and saildrone currents often occur in strong topography guided currentsLow vector correlation occurs at weaker currents, over the shallow Hanna Shoal, and near fresher waters due to ice melt and river discharge [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes local inflammation and pain, significantly reducing the quality of life and normal social activities of patients. Currently, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) available, and treatment relies on pain relief agents or arthroplasty. To address this significant unmet medical need, we aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies that can block the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). Our recent study has revealed the importance of OSCAR in OA pathogenesis as a novel catabolic regulator that induces chondrocyte apoptosis and accelerates articular cartilage destruction. It was also shown that blocking OSCAR with a soluble OSCAR decoy receptor ameliorated OA in animal models. In this study, OSCAR-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were isolated and optimized by phage display. These antibodies bind to and directly neutralize OSCAR, unlike the decoy receptor, which binds to the ubiquitously expressed collagen and may result in reduced efficacy or deleterious off-target effects. The DMOAD potential of the anti-OSCAR antibodies was assessed with in vitro cell-based assays and an in vivo OA model. The results demonstrated that the anti-OSCAR antibodies significantly reduced cartilage destruction and other OA signs, such as subchondral bone plate sclerosis and loss of hyaline cartilage. Hence, blocking OSCAR with a monoclonal antibody could be a promising treatment strategy for OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Esferas is the property of Esferas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cichlidae family has more than 1300 species which in turn have great species morphologic differences. In this study, histology of liver, spleen and pancreas of four cichlid species (green terror cichlid, Oscar, giraffe cichlid and Texas cichlid) were compared. For this purpose, four apparently normal fish specimens from each species were selected after killing of which, tissue samples were taken. The sections stained with two methods (Haematoxillin- Eosin and Periodic acid Schiff). The results showed that all liver sections contained pancreas tissues around the liver blood vessels. Liver cells size in two species (green terror cichlid and giraffe cichlid) was significantly bigger than the two other species. The liver cell to pancreatic cell ratios also was significantly higher in two species. The liver size in giraffe cichlid, was even significantly bigger than the green terror cichlid. Exocrine pancreatic cell size in all 4 species showed no significant difference. The spleen in four fish species showed different degrees of amount and intensity in melanomacrophage centers. In PAS stained sections, only the pancreatic tissues showed more PAS positive reaction that may be due to the more glycogen content. The liver showed a weak PAS reaction. The bigger size formation of liver cells in two species can be due to feeding regime or simply a species specific trait. Yet more investigation is still needed to determine the importance of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated Corrosion Product (ACP) formation and deposition pose a critical safety issue for nuclear fusion reactors. The working fluid transports the ACPs towards regions accessible by worker personnel, i.e., the steam generator. The code OSCAR-Fusion has been developed by the CEA (France) to evaluate the ACP generation and transport in closed water-cooled loops for fusion application. This work preliminary assesses the impact of water chemistry on the transport, precipitation, and deposition of corrosion products for the EU-DEMO divertor Plasma Facing Unit Primary Heat Transfer System. Sensitivity analyses and uncertainty quantification are needed due to the multi-physics phenomena involved in ACP formation and transport. The OSCAR-Fusion/RAVEN code coupling developed by the Sapienza University of Rome and ENEA are used. This work presents the perturbation results of different parameters chosen for a closed water-cooled loop considering a continuous scenario of 1888 days. The aim of this work is to preliminarily assess the variation of build-up of ACPs, perturbing the alkalizing agent concentration into the coolant, and the corrosion and release rates of different materials. The assessment of ACP formation deposition and transport is fundamental for source term identification, reduction of radiation exposure assessment, maintenance plan definition, design optimization, and waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CERN (Centre Europeen pour la Recherce Nucleaire) is the largest research centre for high energy physics (HEP). It offers unique computational challenges as a result of the large amount of data generated by the large hadron collider. CERN has developed and supports a software called ROOT, which is the de facto standard for HEP data analysis. This framework offers a high-level and easy-to-use interface called RDataFrame, which allows managing and processing large data sets. In recent years, its functionality has been extended to take advantage of distributed computing capabilities. Thanks to its declarative programming model, the user-facing API can be decoupled from the actual execution backend. This decoupling allows physical analysis to scale automatically to thousands of computational cores over various types of distributed resources. In fact, the distributed RDataFrame module already supports the use of established general industry engines such as Apache Spark or Dask. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these current solutions will not be sufficient to meet future requirements in terms of the amount of data that the new projected accelerators will generate. It is of interest, for this reason, to investigate a different approach, the one offered by serverless computing. Based on a first prototype using AWS Lambda, this work presents the creation of a new backend for RDataFrame distributed over the OSCAR tool, an open source framework that supports serverless computing. The implementation introduces new ways, relative to the AWS Lambda-based prototype, to synchronize the work of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the circulation and chemical processes associated with the deposition of the largest oil spill that reached the northeast coast of Brazil during the second half of 2019. Using the Oil Spill Contingency And Response model (OSCAR), we performed both deterministic and probabilistic simulations of oil spills from tanker ships that were present in the sea in the region at the time. The study used a dataset comprising the latitudinal distribution of oil sightings along the coast between 31 August and 2 December 2019 (box plot analysis) provided by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). The total amount of oil that reached the coast during this period (approximately 5000 tons) and the date and location of the first sighting (30 August, in the southern part of the state of Paraíba (PB)) were also used as parameters to assess the results of the 31 simulations conducted for ships en route near the area of interest between July and August 2019. The results indicate that a leak having occurred through a mobile source is the most plausible hypothesis for explaining the observed temporal–spatial arrival of the oil leaks along the Brazilian coastline. We suggest that prevention, monitoring, and international cooperation are essential for reducing the risks of future environmental accidents of the kind analyzed in this study and to protect the environment and communities affected.

The aim of this study is to get a comparative picture of oral health of Special Olympics (SO) athletes in the 4 countries involved in Erasmus+ project 2019-1-RO01-KA202-063820 Oral Special Care Academic Resources (OSCAR): France (FR), Italy (IT), Romania (RO) and Turkey (TR). Material and methods. A comprehensive literature search of recently published (Jan 2010-Nov 2021) data on the oral health of SO Special Smiles (SS) athletes from RO, TR, FR, IT was conducted during December 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed electronic database was searched for full-text articles in English. From the initial 101 studies, 5 were selected. Results. Gingivitis was reported in 49.52% of FR, 60.60 to 62.2% of IT, 66.29% of TR and 70.41 to 79% of RO SO athletes. Sealants were found in 4.5% of RO and 9.4% of IT. Detailed oral health data were only available for SO RO athletes, whose treatment needs were met up to 25%; 2 out of 3 RO SO athletes had less than 10% of the needed treatment done. Conclusions. SO athletes from the four analysed countries still have a lot of unmet dental treatment needs and few sealed permanent teeth. Romanian SO athletes have poorer oral health status as compared to peers from Italy, France, and Turkey. An upgrade of the standard Special Smiles screening protocol could enable more reliable comparisons between SO athletes from various countries. Targeted preventive programs and educational projects for patients, families and dentists are needed in order to improve oral health of people with intellectual disabilities.

Diseases affecting bone encompass a spectrum of disorders, from prevalent conditions such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, collectively impacting millions, to rare genetic disorders including Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). While several classes of drugs, such as bisphosphonates, synthetic hormones, and antibodies, are utilized in the treatment of bone diseases, their efficacy is often curtailed by issues of tolerability and high incidence of adverse effects. Developing therapeutic agents for bone diseases is hampered by the fact that numerous pathways regulating bone metabolism also perform pivotal functions in other organ systems. Consequently, the selection of an appropriate target is a complicated process despite the significant demand for novel medications to address bone diseases. Research has shown the role of various cell signaling pathways, including Wnt, PTHR1, CASR, BMPRs, OSCAR, and TWIST1, in the regulation of osteogenesis, bone remodeling, and homeostasis. Disruptions in bone homeostasis can result in decreased bone density and the onset of osteoporosis. There remains a need for the development of drugs that can enhance bone remodeling with improved side effects profiles. The exploration of promising targets to stimulate bone formation has the potential to significantly advance the field of bone-related medical care, thereby improving the quality of life for millions. Additionally, a deeper understanding of anabolic and catabolic pathway mechanisms could enable future studies to explore synergistic effects between unrelated pathways. Herein, we explore potential drug targets that may be exploited therapeutically using small molecule agonists or antagonists to promote bone remodeling and discuss their advantages and limitations., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes local inflammation and pain, significantly reducing the quality of life and normal social activities of patients. Currently, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) available, and treatment relies on pain relief agents or arthroplasty. To address this significant unmet medical need, we aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies that can block the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). Our recent study has revealed the importance of OSCAR in OA pathogenesis as a novel catabolic regulator that induces chondrocyte apoptosis and accelerates articular cartilage destruction. It was also shown that blocking OSCAR with a soluble OSCAR decoy receptor ameliorated OA in animal models. In this study, OSCAR-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were isolated and optimized by phage display. These antibodies bind to and directly neutralize OSCAR, unlike the decoy receptor, which binds to the ubiquitously expressed collagen and may result in reduced efficacy or deleterious off-target effects. The DMOAD potential of the anti-OSCAR antibodies was assessed with in vitro cell-based assays and an in vivo OA model. The results demonstrated that the anti-OSCAR antibodies significantly reduced cartilage destruction and other OA signs, such as subchondral bone plate sclerosis and loss of hyaline cartilage. Hence, blocking OSCAR with a monoclonal antibody could be a promising treatment strategy for OA.

El techo de cristal es un concepto que define la dificultad que encuentran las mujeres para acceder a ciertas posiciones en el sector laboral. De forma habitual se comprueba cómo cuanto más se asciende en la escala de puestos directivos menor es la presencia de mujeres debido a que su carrera se trunca durante su vida laboral antes de tener la oportunidad de avanzar hacia puestos elevados. La industria cinematográfica es un sector que no parece escapar a esta lógica de desigualdad y, por eso, el presente estudio se ocupa de analizar la presencia de las mujeres en un certamen tan relevante como los premios Oscar concedidos por la Academia de las Artes y las Ciencias Cinematográficas. Se ha priorizado la elección de este ejemplo sobre otros debido a la relevancia internacional del certamen como referencia de la industria del cine a nivel mundial, además de la disponibilidad de información que ofrece la entidad. La metodología empleada está basada en un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo de revisión de fuentes documentales y análisis de datos obtenidos de bases de datos de acceso abierto. Los resultados procesados y codificados muestran como las mujeres se encuentran infrarrepresentadas en la concesión de premios en el ejercicio de la profesión audiovisual a pesar de que las cifran tienden a aumentar conforme pasan los años.

Fashion is a form of communication and social status, sex, nationality, for both communities and individuals. It includes not only clothing, but also accessories, jewelry, even hairstyles and body beauty. The cultural and civilizational identity of a nation is the fixed, fundamental and common destiny of the general characteristics and characteristics that distinguish the civilization of this nation from other civilizations, which make the national or national character, characterize it from other national and national figures. Since the design is the selection and arrangement of all the elements used to ensure that it is produced aesthetically so that the uniform appears clearly in line, shape, color and corresponds to the contemporary period it is the creative work that achieves a certain satisfaction.This research aims to study the distinctive features of the Oscars to identify what is new in the fashion world, especially fashion design including new quotations in lines, colors or materials to reach the fashion tired of others and become modern designs. It is possible to fit some and do not suit others, and here came the idea of research monitoring some of these designs in the festival and redesigning them with an Islamic identity in accordance with Egyptian customs and traditions.The descriptive method is followed. The most important results of the study were to classify the styles of the international designers in this festival and analyze the most exciting designs, then processing them to fit modern women with an Egyptian identity with the vision of an Arab designer who is well-versed, capable and bold, able to follow the international fashion that many women expect to feel proud and possessing in addition to excellence in clothing and high quality techniques that keep pace international fashion and the Islamic identity of Egypt in the spirit the designs of the international Academy of Oscars, which many women like.Keywords: Oscar, Fashion Designs, Egyptian Identity.

Using a regression discontinuity design, the authors of this article examine the effects of nursing home unionization on several labor, establishment, and consumer outcomes. They find negative effects of unionization on staffing levels and no decline in care quality, suggesting positive labor productivity effects. Some evidence suggests that nursing homes in less competitive local product markets and those with lower union density at the time of election experienced stronger union employment effects. Unionization appears to raise wages for a given worker while also shifting the composition of the workforce away from higher-earning workers. By combining credible identification of union effects and firm- and worker-level outcomes over time with measures of market-level characteristics, this study provides important new evidence on many controversial questions in the economics of unions. It also generates evidence from the service sector, which has grown in importance and where evidence has been thin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of mature bone-resorbing cells through osteoclastogenesis is required for the continuous remodeling and repair of bone tissue. In aging and disease this process may become aberrant, resulting in excessive bone degradation and fragility fractures. Interaction of receptor-activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) with its ligand RANKL activates the main signaling pathway for osteoclastogenesis. However, compelling evidence indicates that this pathway may not be sufficient for the production of mature osteoclast cells and that co-stimulatory signals may be required for both the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and the activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), a regulator of osteoclast differentiation, provides one such co-stimulatory pathway. This review summarizes our present knowledge of osteoclastogenesis signaling and the role of OSCAR in the normal production of bone-resorbing cells and in bone disease. Understanding the signaling mechanism through this receptor and how it contributes to the production of mature osteoclasts may offer a more specific and targeted approach for pharmacological intervention against pathological bone resorption.

It is advantageous for maternally transmitted endosymbionts to skew the sex ratio of their hosts toward females. Some endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia , cause their insect hosts to exclusively produce female offspring through male killing (MK) or feminization. In some lepidopteran insects, MK is achieved by affecting the sex-determining process in males, and a unique mechanism of MK and its functional link with feminization have been implicated. However, comparative analysis of these phenotypes is often difficult because they have been analyzed in different host-symbiont systems, and transinfection of Wolbachia across different hosts is often challenging. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of nine Wolbachia strains on the splicing of sex-determining genes in Lepidoptera by fixing the host genetic background using a cell culture system. Cell transinfection assays confirmed that three MK-inducing Wolbachia strains and one feminization-inducing Wolbachia strain increased the female-type splicing products of the core sex-determining genes doublesex , masculinizer , and zinc finger protein 2 . Regarding Wolbachia strains that do not induce MK/feminization, three had no effect on these sex-determining genes, whereas two strains induced female-type splicing of masculinizer and doublesex but not zinc finger protein 2 . Comparative genomics confirmed that homologs of oscar , the Wolbachia gene responsible for MK in Ostrinia , were encoded by four MK/feminizing Wolbachia strains, but not by five non-MK/nonfeminizing strains. These results support the conserved effects underlying MK and feminization induced by oscar -bearing Wolbachia and suggested other potential mechanisms that Wolbachia might employ to manipulate host sex., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences.)

L’intervento intende analizzare la fisionomia paratestuale che caratterizza la serie monografica dedicata a Calvino presso gli Oscar Mondadori negli anni della prima edizione. A differenza della prassi editoriale maggioritaria della collana – che accompagna i testi letterari con scritti critici di voci terze – le Opere di IC vengono presentate da peritesti d’autore, riservando alla voce di Calvino ogni spazio intorno ai suoi testi. Si tratta di un caso eccezionale che non ha riscontri in nessun’altra compagine degli Oscar e che riflette la strategia di Mondadori di proporre a un pubblico generalista la figura di un autore «classico» che si presenta da sé. L’ottica teorica del lavoro si basa su Soglie di Gérard Genette e L’ordine dei libri di Roger Chartier, in cui illustrano come lo stato editoriale concorra a influenzare la ricezione del testo da parte dei lettori.

Contexte. Afin de prolonger une conduite automobile sécuritaire des conducteurs âgés, il importe de mettre en place des interventions de perfectionnement de la conduite. But. Cette étude pilote visait à vérifier les effets d’une intervention de perfectionnement de la conduite automobile auprès de conducteurs âgés. Méthodologie. Un dispositif pré-expérimental (questionnaires en pré-test avant l’intervention et post-test quatre à huit semaines après) a été utilisé auprès de 19 conducteurs âgés de 50 ans et plus. L’intervention comprenait le programme théorique de groupe 55 ans au volant, l’Outil de sensibilisation aux capacités requises pour une conduite automobile sécuritaire et responsable (OSCAR) et un cours individuel de conduite sur route. Résultats. À la suite de l’intervention, les participants ont significativement amélioré leur intérêt, leur ouverture et leurs connaissances en lien avec la conduite automobile (p = 0,01). Selon leur perception, peu de changements sont toutefois survenus dans leurs capacités de conduite et leur utilisation de stratégies compensatoires. Discussion. En améliorant l’intérêt, l’ouverture et les connaissances des conducteurs âgés, l’intervention les amène à mettre en place les premières étapes nécessaires à une meilleure régulation de comportement leur permettant de faire face aux difficultés en conduite liées à l’âge. Néanmoins, des études complémentaires impliquant un groupe contrôle et une évaluation sur route seraient nécessaires pour mieux appréhender les effets de cette intervention sur les différentes phases de changement de comportement permettant la mise en place d’une conduite sécuritaire chez les aînés. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Effects of a driving awareness intervention in older drivers Context. To extend safe driving of older drivers, it is important to set up awareness and improvement interventions. Aims. This pilot study aimed to verify the impacts of a theoretical and practical intervention in older drivers. Methods. A pre-experimental design including a pre-test and a post-test evaluations (questionnaires), before and four to eight weeks after the intervention, was used with 19 seniors aged 50 or older. The intervention was composed by the 55 Alive program, the awareness tool OSCAR and an on-road course. Results. Following the intervention, participants significantly improved their interest, openness and knowledge related to driving declared (p = 0.01). However, according to their perception, changes in their driving abilities and use of compensatory strategies have not occurred. Discussion. By improving the interest, openness and knowledge of older drivers, the intervention lead them to achieve the first steps required for the adoption of a behaviour change enabling them to deal with the age-related difficulties encountered in driving. Further investigations, involving a control group and an on-road evaluation, are required to more explore the effects of this intervention on the change in driving behaviors in older people.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of several malignant tumours with the highest incidence rates. Currently, there is an urgent need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets for LUAD in clinical practice. Numerous studies have shown that there may be differences in the development pattern of LUAD between male and female patients, leading to the need for differential treatment. At the same time, previous studies have shown that competitive endogenous (ce)RNA plays an important role in the development of LUAD, but there is no relevant research on whether there is a gender difference in the ceRNA network of LUAD. In this study, we constructed gender‐independent, male‐specific, and female‐specific ceRNA networks using RNA sequencing results from TCGA database. Subsequently, through analysis of the core genes of the ceRNA network, we determined that the male and female ceRNA networks indeed display different features. In addition, we also found that the osteoclast‐associated receptor (OSCAR) gene was a potential diagnostic target for detecting LUAD in females, and that increased expression of this gene promoted the proliferation and migration of A549 and H1975 LUAD cell lines; more specifically, A549 and H1975 are male and female LUAD cell lines, respectively. This suggests that the OSCAR gene has the potential to serve as target molecule for the diagnosis and treatment of female‐specific LUADs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal is the property of Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVES: The standard approach to the assessment of occupational exposures is through the manual collection and coding of job histories. This method is time-consuming and costly and makes it potentially unfeasible to perform high quality analyses on occupational exposures in large population-based studies. Our aim was to develop a novel, efficient web-based tool to collect and code lifetime job histories in the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of over 500 000 participants. METHODS: We developed OSCAR (occupations self-coding automatic recording) based on the hierarchical structure of the UK Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2000, which allows individuals to collect and automatically code their lifetime job histories via a simple decision-tree model. Participants were asked to find each of their jobs by selecting appropriate job categories until they identified their job title, which was linked to a hidden 4-digit SOC code. For each occupation a job title in free text was also collected to estimate Cohen’s kappa (κ) inter-rater agreement between SOC codes assigned by OSCAR and an expert manual coder. RESULTS: OSCAR was administered to 324 653 UK Biobank participants with an existing email address between June and September 2015. Complete 4-digit SOC-coded lifetime job histories were collected for 108 784 participants (response rate: 34%). Agreement between the 4-digit SOC codes assigned by OSCAR and the manual coder for a random sample of 400 job titles was moderately good [κ=0.45, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.42–0.49], and improved when broader job categories were considered (κ=0.64, 95% CI 0.61–0.69 at a 1-digit SOC-code level). CONCLUSIONS: OSCAR is a novel, efficient, and reasonably reliable web-based tool for collecting and automatically coding lifetime job histories in large population-based studies. Further application in other research projects for external validation purposes is warranted.

Copyright of Revue Francophone de Recherche en Ergotherapie is the property of Communaute Pour l Avancement de la Recherche Appliquee Francophone en Ergotherapie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fusion is the final osteoclast differentiation step leading to bone resorption. In healthy trabecular bone, osteoclast fusion is restricted to bone surfaces undergoing resorption, and necessarily requires site-specific recruitment of mononucleated pre-osteoclasts originating from the bone marrow. However, the spatiotemporal mechanism coordinating recruitment and fusion is poorly investigated. Herein we identify a collagen/vascular network as a likely structure supporting this mechanism. We therefore used multiplex immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy on human iliac crest bone samples, in combination with functional assays performed in vitro with osteoclasts generated from healthy blood donors. First, we found that putative pre-osteoclasts are in close vicinity of a network of collagen fibers associated with vessels and bone remodeling compartment canopies. Based on 3D-reconstructions of serial sections, we propose that this network may serve as roads leading pre-osteoclasts to resorption sites, as reported for cell migration in other tissues. Importantly, almost all these bone marrow pre-osteoclasts, but only some osteoclasts, express the collagen receptor OSCAR, which is reported to induce fusion competence. Furthermore, differentiating osteoclasts cultured on collagen compared to mineral show higher fusion rates, higher expression of fusogenic cytokines, and a CD47 plasma membrane distribution pattern reported to be typical of a pre-fusion state-thus collectively supporting collagen-induced fusion competence. Finally, these in vitro assays show that collagen induces high cell mobility. The present data lead to a model where collagen fibers/vasculature support the coordination between traffic and fusion of pre-osteoclasts, by serving as a physical road and inducing fusion competence as well as cell mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Receptors of the leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC) play a range of important functions in the human immune system. However, the evolution of the LRC remains poorly understood, even in m\ammals not to mention nonmammalian vertebrates. We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the LRC-related genes in the publicly available genomes of six species that represent eutherian, marsupial, and monotreme lineages of mammals. As a result, the LRCs of African elephant and armadillo were characterized, two new genes, IGSF1 and A1BG , were attributed to the LRC of eutherian mammals, the LRC gene content was substantially extended in the short-tailed opossum and Tasmanian devil and, finally, four LRC genes were identified in the platypus genome. These findings have for the first time provided a solid basis for inference of the LRC phylogeny across mammals. Our analysis suggests that the mammalian LRC family likely derived from two ancestral genes, which evolved in a lineage-specific manner by expansion/contraction, extensive exon shuffling, and sequence divergence. The striking structural and functional diversity of eutherian LRC molecules appears largely lineage specific. The only family member retained in all the three mammalian lineages is a collagen-binding receptor OSCAR. Strong sequence conservation of a transmembrane domain known to associate with FcRγ suggests an adaptive role of this domain subtype in the LRC evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]