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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose on the characteristics of upland rice production, and to compare the Agronomic Efficiency Index (AEI) of formulations of biochar-urea pellets (BUPs). The treatments comprised four fertilizers (three formulations of BUP and urea) and five nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), analyzed in two soil (sandy and clay). For each soil texture, a greenhouse experiment was established as a randomized block design with a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates. Chlorophyll index, plant height, number of tillers and panicles, dry mass of aerial parts and of grains were all affected significantly by soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose and/or by the interactions between these sources of variation. The results demonstrated that the performances of BUPs are highly dependent on soil texture. Under sandy soil, application of BUP-based fertilizers contributed to the increase or maintenance of grain production compared to that of urea alone. Whereas under clayey soil the performance of BUPs exceeded that of urea only at low nitrogen doses. Compared to urea, BUPs were more efficient under sandy soil, with potential to increase AEI. KEYWORDS: organomineral fertilizers; wood sawdust; pyrolysis; N-leaching. Uso de pellets de biochar-ureia para reduzir as perdas de nitrogênio RESUMO: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da textura do solo, formulações e doses de nitrogênio em características do arroz de terras altas, e comparar o Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (AEI) das formulações de pellets de biochar-ureia (BUP’s). Os tratamentos foram: quatro fertilizantes (três formulações de BUP e ureia) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), avaliados em dois solos de textura distinta. Para cada solo (arenoso e argiloso), foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetação em blocos casualizados em um arranjo fatorial 5 (doses) x 4 (fertilizantes), com quatro repetições. O índice de clorofila, altura de plantas, número de perfilhos, número de panículas, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de grãos tiveram diferenças significativas em função da textura do solo, fertilizantes e doses de N e/ou pelas interações entre esses fatores. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho dos BUP’s foi dependente da textura do solo, com melhores respostas no solo arenoso em relação à ureia, com potencial de elevar a eficiência agronômica da adubação nitrogenada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fertilizantes organominerais, pó de serra, pirólise, lixiviação de N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose on the characteristics of upland rice production, and to compare the Agronomic Efficiency Index (AEI) of formulations of biochar-urea pellets (BUPs). The treatments comprised four fertilizers (three formulations of BUP and urea) and five nitrogen doses (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), analyzed in two soil (sandy and clay). For each soil texture, a greenhouse experiment was established as a randomized block design with a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates. Chlorophyll index, plant height, number of tillers and panicles, dry mass of aerial parts and of grains were all affected significantly by soil texture, fertilizer formulation and nitrogen dose and/or by the interactions between these sources of variation. The results demonstrated that the performances of BUPs are highly dependent on soil texture. Under sandy soil, application of BUP-based fertilizers contributed to the increase or maintenance of grain production compared to that of urea alone. Whereas under clayey soil the performance of BUPs exceeded that of urea only at low nitrogen doses. Compared to urea, BUPs were more efficient under sandy soil, with potential to increase AEI. KEYWORDS: organomineral fertilizers; wood sawdust; pyrolysis; N-leaching. Uso de pellets de biochar-ureia para reduzir as perdas de nitrogênio RESUMO: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da textura do solo, formulações e doses de nitrogênio em características do arroz de terras altas, e comparar o Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (AEI) das formulações de pellets de biochar-ureia (BUP’s). Os tratamentos foram: quatro fertilizantes (três formulações de BUP e ureia) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg dm-3), avaliados em dois solos de textura distinta. Para cada solo (arenoso e argiloso), foi conduzido um experimento em casa-de-vegetação em blocos casualizados em um arranjo fatorial 5 (doses) x 4 (fertilizantes), com quatro repetições. O índice de clorofila, altura de plantas, número de perfilhos, número de panículas, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de grãos tiveram diferenças significativas em função da textura do solo, fertilizantes e doses de N e/ou pelas interações entre esses fatores. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho dos BUP’s foi dependente da textura do solo, com melhores respostas no solo arenoso em relação à ureia, com potencial de elevar a eficiência agronômica da adubação nitrogenada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fertilizantes organominerais, pó de serra, pirólise, lixiviação de N.

Chemical soil quality is one of the factors more quickly affected by anthropogenic degradation processes and is one of the more important components for the development of agriculture. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of cattle manure and rock powder on the chemical characteristics of soil cultivated with butter kale. The treatments were arranged in five randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial for the different doses of bovine manure (60, 120, 180 and 240 g/plant) combined with doses of rock powder (6, 12, 18 and 24 g/plant). Each block was composed of three plots, 18 m long and 1 m wide. The bed was composed of six portions, and each experimental plot consisted of 14 plants spaced at 0.40x0.40 m. At the end of the experiment, the following were analyzed: pH, organic matter, P, K, Na, Mg, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), sum of base and base saturation. The doses of bovine manure and MB-4 provided an increase in pH, organic matter, concentration of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, sum of the base and saturation of the soil base. The doses of 240 g of cattle manure and 24 g of rock dust generated an increase in the chemical properties of the soil. RESUMEN La calidad química del suelo es uno de los factores más rápidamente afectados por los procesos de degradación antropogénica, y este es uno de los componentes más importantes para el desarrollo de la agricultura. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de las diferentes dosis de estiércol de ganado y polvo de roca en las características químicas del suelo en cultivo de col rizada de mantequilla. Los tratamientos se organizaron en cinco bloques aleatorizados en un factorial de 4x4 en referencia a las diferentes dosis de estiércol bovino (60, 120, 180 y 240 g/planta) combinado con dosis de polvo de roca (6, 12, 18 y 24 g/planta). Cada bloque estuvo constituido por tres parcelas de 18 m de largo y 1 m de ancho, el lecho estuvo compuesto por seis porciones y cada parcela experimental constaba de 14 plantas espaciadas en 0,40x0,40 m. Al final del experimento se analizaron: pH, materia orgánica, P, K, Na, Mg, acidez intercambiable, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), suma de base y saturación por base. Las dosis de estiércol bovino y MB-4 proporcionaron un aumento en el pH, materia orgánica, concentración de fósforo, potasio, sodio, calcio, magnesio, acidez intercambiable, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, suma de la base y saturación de la base del suelo. Las dosis de 240 g de estiércol de ganado y 24 g de polvo de roca generaron un aumento en las propiedades químicas del suelo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient export, nutritional balance and macronutrient recovery rate in ‘Gigante cactus pear under different fertilization doses, spacings and configurations during three production cycles. The 72 treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three repetitions, two configurations in the plots (triple and quadruple row), three spacings in the subplots (3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.125 m); and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots (with organic, organomineral and mineral sources). Exports of nutrients are higher under fertilizers with higher nutrient supplies, regardless of source. The order of export was K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P for mineral fertilization, organic fertilization with 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 30 and 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus NPK and PK, and it changed to K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S under organic fertilization with 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus K. The nutrient balance after three production cycles was positive for N, P and S, negative for Ca and Mg in all fertilizations, and positive for K under mineral fertilization with 600 kg ha-1 of K2O and organomineral fertilization with 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus 600 kg ha-1 of K2O. The highest recovery rates of K and the lowest recovery rates of N occur under organic fertilization. RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar durante três ciclos de produção a exportação de nutrientes, o balanço nutricional e a taxa de recuperação de macronutrientes pela palma forrageira‘Gigante sob doses e fontes de adubação, e arranjos de disposição de plantas na área. Os 72 tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas em delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições, sendo duas configurações nas parcelas (fileira tripla e quadrupla); três espaçamentos nas subparcelas (3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,16 m e 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,125 m); e 12 tipos de adubação nas sub-subparcelas (com fontes orgânica, organomineral e mineral). Os maiores aportes de nutrientes proporcionam maiores exportações, independentemente da fonte. A ordem de exportação de nutrientes foi K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P para as adubações mineral, orgânica com 30 Mg ha-1 ano-1 e organomineral com 30 e 60 Mg ha-1 ano-1 adicionada de N-P-K e P-K, enquanto nas adubações orgânicas com 60 e 90 Mg ha-1 ano-1 e organomineral com 90 Mg ha-1 ano-1 mais 600 kg ha-1 de K2O, a ordem de exportação altera para K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S. O balanço de nutrientes apos três ciclos foi positivo para N, P e S, como também para K nas adubações mineral com 600 kg ha-1 de K2O e organomineral com 30, 60 e 90 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de esterco bovino adicionado de 600 kg ha-1 de K2O. Porém, negativo para Ca e Mg em todas as adubações. As maiores taxas de recuperação de K e as menores de N ocorrem nas adubações orgânicas.

В статье рассмотрены основные затраты на экологическую и экономическую составляющие и проведен анализ предотвращенного экологического ущерба при добыче калийных руд. Предложен новый подход для оценки эколого-экономической эффективности реагентной обработки жидких отходов с получением органоминерального удобрения. Представлены новые интегральные оценочные методы для определения предотвращенных экологических ущербов и расчета степени уменьшения негативного воздействия на водные объекты, воздух и земельные ресурсы горного предприятия, добывающего минеральное сырье для производства калийных удобрений. Были проведены расчёты по возможности предотвращения ущерба земельным ресурсам, который составил около 42 млн. руб. за 15 лет добычи калийсодержащего сырья., The current article examines the main costs of environmental and economic components and analyzes the prevented environmental damage during the extraction of potash ores. The study proposes a new approach for evaluating the ecological and economic efficiency of reagent treatment of liquid waste during the production of organomineral fertilizer. The authors present new integrated assessment methods for determining the prevented environmental damage and calculating the degree of reduction of the negative impact on water bodies, air, and land resources of a mining enterprise that extracts mineral raw materials for the production of potash fertilizers. Also, the research contains calculations on the possibility of preventing damage to land resources, which amounted to close to 42 million rubles for 15 years of production of potassium-containing raw materials., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 6 (108) 2021, Pages 132-136

Los biodigestores son contenedores herméticos donde se combinan bacterias particulares y material orgánico, dando lugar a procesos de fermentación en ausencia de oxígeno; que generan biogás como producto principal. Como subproducto se generan líquidos denominados “digeridos” cuyas características pueden variar en relación al material utilizado para alimentar los biodigestores. En algunos casos, como cuando ingresan vinazas residuales de plantas de producción de bioetanol (Thin Stillage) a base de granos de maíz, el digerido resultante presenta muy bajo contenido de metales potencialmente nocivos para el ambiente y abundantes niveles de elementos nutritivos vitales para las plantas, como nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, que puede ser utilizado como abono para los cultivos agrícolas. EEA Reconquista Fil: Mieres Venturini, Luciano. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; Argentina Fil: Brach, Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; Argentina Fil: Sandoval, Miqueas Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Reconquista; Argentina

Представлены материалы микробиологического мониторинга активности каталазы в серых лесных почвах агроландшафтов с различным уровнем агротехнической нагрузки. Исследования проводились на базе Верхневолжского федерального аграрного научного центра в период 2006-2018 гг. Полученные показатели соответствуют низкой и средней обогащенности почвы каталазой. Выявлен устойчивый тренд снижения активности фермента на высокоинтенсивном минеральном фоне по отвальной вспашке. Средние значения за годы исследования на этом варианте составили 1,96 мл О2 / 1г почвы, что является самым низким абсолютным показателем среди изучаемых фонов интенсификации и достоверно ниже, чем в почве залежи. Каталазная активность была выше на органоминеральных фонах как по отвальной вспашке, так и по плоскорезной обработке, где раз в ротацию севооборота вносили 40, 60 и 80 т/га навоза на фоне ежегодного использования минеральных удобрений. Эффект положительного действия навоза на активность каталазы определялся не только в год его внесения, но и имел последействие. В целом показатели активности каталазы за годы исследований имели низкую вариабельность (менее 10%), выше 10% она отмечена только на интенсивном и высокоинтенсивном органоминеральном фоне. Это обусловлено возрастанием активности фермента при внесении навоза в дозе 60 и 80 т/га. Максимальная активность каталазы выявлена на интенсивном фоне (навоз 40 т/га + NРК 30-60 кг/га). Средние значения на этом варианте по вспашке составили 2,31 мл О2 /г почвы в минуту, по плоскорезному рыхлению – 2,70 мл О2 /г почвы в минуту, что статистически выше, чем на других вариантах опыта и в почве залежи. На всех фонах интенсификации каталазная активность (в большинстве лет исследования) достоверно выше в период репродуктивного развития сельскохозяйственных культур., The article highlights the microbiological monitoring of catalase activity in grey forest soil of cultivated land with various level of agricultural treatment. Research was conducted based on Upper Volga Federal Agrarian Research Center between 2006-2018. The indicators correspond to low and medium soil enrichment with catalase. It is revealed a sustainable decrease of the enzyme activity on the high-intensive mineral background with mouldboard ploughing. The average rate over the research is 1.96 ml О2 / 1g soil per minute. It is the lowest absolute point among cultivation technologies under study and significantly lower than in layland. Catalase activity is greater within organomineral backgrounds, both for mouldboard ploughing and sweep blade plough, where 40, 60 and 80 t/ha manure are applied for annual mineral fertilizing. The positive effect of manure on catalase activity is noted not only in the year of its application but in the time following. In general, catalase activity rates have low variability (less 10%). The intensive and high-intensive mineral backgrounds only show more than 10%. This results from higher enzyme activity when applied 60 and 80 t/ha manure. The maximum catalase activity is noted on the intensive background (40 t/ha + NPK 30-60 kg/ha). The average rate for ploughing is 2.31 ml О2 /1g soil per minute, for sweep blade plough treatment is 2.70 ml О2 /1g soil per minute, which is statistically higher than in layland and other options. Over the vast majority of years of research, the catalase activity within all cultivation technologies is higher reliably during the vegetation period of crops.

Включение микроэлементов бора и цинка в систему удобрения льна-долгунца обязательный элемент наукоемких технологий. Применение комплексного удобрения с бором в основное внесение увеличило урожайность льносоломы на 8,4 ц/га (18 ), льносемян на 1,5 ц/га (25) в сравнении с азофоской в выравненной дозе по азоту. При рядковом внесении этого удобрения урожайность льносоломы снизилась на 21 в сравнении с основным способом внесения при сохранении качественных характеристик волокна и урожайности льносемян. Рентабельность этого приёма была наибольшей 204. Использование органоминеральных удобрений Сивид-Бор (В) для обработки семян и Сивид-Цинк (Zn) для обработки посева на фоне применения азофоски увеличили урожайность льносоломы, соответственно, на 1,8 и 2,8 ц/га, содержание волокна на 1,9 абсолютных и длину элементарного волокна на 2 мм в сравнении с азофоской., The inclusion of boron and zinc in the fertilization system of fibre-flax a mandatory element of high-tech technologies. The use of a complex fertilizer with boron in the main application increased the yield of flax straw by 0.84t/ha (18), flax seeds by 0.15t/ha (25) in comparison with azophoska in a dose equalized by nitrogen. When this fertilizer was applied in rows, the yield of flax straw decreased by 21 compared to the main method of application, while maintaining the qualitative characteristics of the fiber and the yield of flax seeds. Profitability of this reception was the greatest 204. The use of organomineral fertilizers Syvid-Boron for seed treatment and Syvid-Zinc for sowing treatment against the background of azophoska increased the yield of flax straw by 0.18 and 0.28t/ha, the fiber content by 1.9 absolute and the length of the elementary fiber by 2 mm in comparison with azophoska., №1(112) (2020)

Изложены результаты исследований, выполненных в многолетнем стационарном полевом опыте НИИ животноводства и кормопроизводства Ярославской области на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве. Целью исследований было изучить действия разных по интенсивности систем обработки почвы, удобрений и пестицидов на агрохимические показатели почвы и урожайность полевых культур. Отмечен тренд накопления гумуса в пахотном слое почвы при органоминеральной системе с пестицидами под посевами ячменя (на 0,03 %) и биологизированной системе под посевами вико-овсяной смеси (на 0,04 %). Выявлена тенденция возрастания рН при органической системе земледелия под кукурузой (на 0,14 единиц), при биологизированной системе под посевами ячменя (на 0,12 единиц) и при органоминеральной системе с пестицидами (на 0,08 единиц) под вико-овсяной смесью. Динамике повышения содержания минерального фосфора способствовали органоминеральные удобрения без пестицидов в посевах кукурузы (на 13,67 мг/кг) и органические удобрения в посевах вико-овсяной смеси (на 20,67 мг/кг). Увеличение содержания обменного калия произошло при использовании органоминеральных удобрений с пестицидами в посевах кукурузы (на 22,04 мг/кг) и ячменя (на 3,34 мг/кг) и органоминеральных удобрений без пестицидов в посевах вико-овсяной смеси (на 10,81 мг/кг). Использование органоминеральной системы земледелия без пестицидов достоверно повысило урожайность зеленой массы кукурузы на 419 ц/га и ячменя на 20,7 ц/га. Эта же система с применением пестицидов способствовала существенному увеличению урожайности (на 144 ц/га) зеленой массы вико-овсяной смеси. В целом для повышения плодородия и продуктивности пашни наиболее оптимальной является органоминеральная система земледелия, как с использованием пестицидов, так и без пестицидной нагрузки., Results of a long-term stationary field experiment on soddy-podzolic middle-loamy soil are presented. Research is carried out by the Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Fodder Production. The aim is to study the impact of varying intensity tillage methods, fertilizers and pesticides on agrochemical soil features and field crops yield. If a system of organomineral fertilizers with pesticides is used for barley crops, there is a tendency of accumulation of humus in arable soil layer by 0.03%, a biologized system for vetch and oat mixture by 0.04%. It is also revealed pH increase by 0.14 units when it comes to an organic system for maize, by 0.12 units for barley within a biologized system, and by 0.08 units for vetch and oat mixture within an organomineral system with pesticides. Organomineral fertilizers without pesticides for maize crop and organic fertilizers for vetch and oat mixture cause a higher content of inorganic phosphorus by 13.67 mg/kg and 20,67 mg/kg respectively. Greater content of exchangeable potassium results from applying of organomineral fertilizers with pesticides for maize (by 22.04 mg/kg) and barley (3.34 mg/kg), and organomineral fertilizers without pesticides for vetch and oat mixture (by 10.81 mg/kg). Use of organomineral fertilizing system without pesticides significantly boosts the yield of maize green mass by 419 dt/hectare and barley by 20.7 dt/hectare. The same system with pesticides promotes higher yield of green mass (by 144 dt/hectare) of vetch and oat mixture. To increase soil productivity, the most beneficial system is organomineral one, both using pesticides and without them.

Представлены результаты регистрационных испытаний органоминеральных удобрений на основе комплекса аминокислот на озимой и яровой пшенице. Показано, что применение их для подкормки растений в период вегетации способствует повышению устойчивости к неблагоприятным факторам среды, увеличению урожайности и улучшению качества зерна. Прибавка урожая яровой пшеницы в зависимости от вида удобрения составила 4,5-11,1% в Нижегородской области, озимой пшеницы - 3,1-10,7% в Ульяновской области., The results of registration trials of organomineral fertilizers based on a complex of amino acids on winter and spring wheat are presented. It is shown that their application for fertilizing plants during vegetation contributes to the increase of resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, increase in yield and improve the quality of grain. The increment of spring wheat yield, depending on the type of fertilizer, was 4.5-11.1% – in Nizhny Novgorod region, winter wheat – 3.1-10.7% – in the Ulyanovsk region., №6(105) (2018)

Resumen La producción sostenible de granos como el maíz es de prioridad nacional y mundial para salvaguardar la seguridad alimentaria y el ambiente, los cuales están en controversia por encontrar un equilibrio, la productividad versus la contaminación generada. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de abonos orgánicos (AO) y la fertilización mineral convencional (FQ) sobre la eficiencia de uso del N en el cultivo de maíz. En el Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico (CURLA), Honduras, se sembró maíz variedad Tuxpeño, entre los meses de junio a diciembre del 2015. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. En diferentes etapas fenológicas del cultivo se evaluaron en el suelo: N total, amonio, nitrato, temperatura, humedad volumétrica; en la planta se evaluó: N, rendimiento en grano seco y la eficiencia de uso de nutrientes para N se evaluó en términos de la eficiencia agronómica (EA), eficiencia fisiológica (EF) y eficiencia de recuperación (ER). La FQ y los AO generaron cambios relevantes en la dinámica del N en suelo y planta, la fertilización mineral promovió una mayor eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno en maíz, a través de los indicadores de la eficiencia agronómica, la eficiencia de recuperación y el rendimiento de grano. Abstract The sustainable production of grains, such as corn, has a national and global priority in order to safeguard food security and the environment that have a controversy finding a balance between productivity and the generated pollution. This research evaluates the dynamics of N (nitrogen) in soil and plant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects that the use of organic fertilizers (OF) and conventional mineral fertilization (CMF) can provoke on the efficiency of N use in corn crops. The maize cultivation happened at the Atlantic Coastal Regional Center University (CURLA), Honduras, and the Tuxpeño corn variety was planted between the months of June to December of 2015. The experimental design consisted on random complete blocks with five treatments and four repetitions. They evaluated different crop phonological stages, in soil they evaluated: total N, ammonium, nitrate, temperature, and volumetric moisture; and in the plant they evaluated: N, dry grain yield, efficiency of nutrient use for N in terms of agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), and recovery efficiency (ER). The CMF and the OF generated relevant changes in the dynamics of N in soil and plant, mineral fertilization promoted a greater efficiency of nitrogen use in corn according to the indicators of: agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency, and grain yield.

The sustainable production of grains, such as corn, has a national and global priority in order to safeguard food security and the environment that have a controversy finding a balance between productivity and the generated pollution. This research evaluates the dynamics of N (nitrogen) in soil and plant. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects that the use of organic fertilizers (OF) and conventional mineral fertilization (CMF) can provoke on the efficiency of N use in corn crops. The maize cultivation happened at the Atlantic Coastal Regional Center University (CURLA), Honduras, and the Tuxpeño corn variety was planted between the months of June to December of 2015. The experimental design consisted on random complete blocks with five treatments and four repetitions. They evaluated different crop phonological stages, in soil they evaluated: total N, ammonium, nitrate, temperature, and volumetric moisture; and in the plant they evaluated: N, dry grain yield, efficiency of nutrient use for N in terms of agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), and recovery efficiency (ER). The CMF and the OF generated relevant changes in the dynamics of N in soil and plant, mineral fertilization promoted a greater efficiency of nitrogen use in corn according to the indicators of: agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency, and grain yield. La producción sostenible de granos como el maíz es de prioridad nacional y mundial para salvaguardar la seguridad alimentaria y el ambiente, los cuales están en controversia por encontrar un equilibrio, la productividad versus la contaminación generada. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de abonos orgánicos (AO) y la fertilización mineral convencional (FQ) sobre la eficiencia de uso del N en el cultivo de maíz. En el Centro Universitario Regional del Litoral Atlántico (CURLA), Honduras, se sembró maíz variedad Tuxpeño, entre los meses de junio a diciembre del 2015. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. En diferentes etapas fenológicas del cultivo se evaluaron en el suelo: N total, amonio, nitrato, temperatura, humedad volumétrica; en la planta se evaluó: N, rendimiento en grano seco y la eficiencia de uso de nutrientes para N se evaluó en términos de la eficiencia agronómica (EA), eficiencia fisiológica (EF) y eficiencia de recuperación (ER). La FQ y los AO generaron cambios relevantes en la dinámica del N en suelo y planta, la fertilización mineral promovió una mayor eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno en maíz, a través de los indicadores de la eficiencia agronómica, la eficiencia de recuperación y el rendimiento de grano.

This study investigated the availability of phosphorus (P) following soil application of a novel biosolids-derived organomineral fertilizer (OMF15; 15:4:4) in comparison with single superphosphate (0:18:0). Two soil types of contrasting characteristics were incubated over a period of 90 days at 25 °C and maintained near field capacity. Phosphorus was applied at rates equivalent to 0 (control), 150, and 300 kg ha−1 of P2O5, respectively. Availability of P from OMF15 was low throughout the experiment accounting for less than 6.5% of total OMF15-P applied. It was shown that after the 90 days incubation period, the overall increase in soil extractable P in OMF15-treated soil was marginal in both soil types. For single superphosphate (SSP), P availability ranged from 16% to 46% of total SSP-P applied. Application of SSP increased soil extractable P levels significantly (P < 0.001) compared with unfertilized control soils. The results of this study aided the development of fertilization strategies for the best use of OMF produced from nutrient-enriched biosolids granules for applications in winter cereal and grass crops in England.