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The COVID - 19 pandemic and the health crisis that today has affected the entire world, has forced many companies to make the use of technological tools essential for them to compete in the market. All this has made mobile applications or web systems the most appropriate solution to implement in your business model. The present investigative work aims to propose the analysis and development of an order management system, digitizing the menu for restaurants and allowing the ordering process to be quick and interactive. Following the guidelines provided by the Government of Peru, in which they recommend, the digitization of traditional letters as it is considered a source of the spread of the coronavirus and to be replaced by menus or virtual letters which can be scanned through QR codes. The development of this project allows customers to view in detail the available dishes offered by the restaurant and proceed to order the food they want, on the other hand, the restaurant can keep track of all orders and relevant information about the business. To develop the prototype, an analysis and information gathering of the technologies to be implemented will begin.

Order management system is one of supply chain management system which has an important part related to the customer satisfaction and profit of the company. Order Management process is a software which is supportive for the businesses work hardware goods, where storeowner saves the records of sales and purchase. Mishandled record means disappointed clients, too much money tied up in storerooms, and slower sales. In the current scenario, people place the orders customers must visit hotels or cafeterias to know about foods and then delivered order and pay. In this process time and manual work is required. Due to the enhancement in technology, it is very easy for us to buy all the things of daily use by ordering online on E-Commerce sites. But in this advanced era of technology, we did not have any application or site for buying ingredients of the recipe that we want to make. In this paper, we are saving money, time, and Quantity of ingredients from wastage. In which we are providing Recipes and the Quantitative ingredients for that recipe within 1 to 2 hours. This system will provide quick service of order delivering to our consumer.

The article aims to define the role of inventory management in the logistics system of a trading enterprise. In the article general theoretical aspects of inventory management have been identified and existing systems of trading enterprises’ inventory management have been analyzed. General scientific theoretical and empirical methods have been used in the course of the research: observation and comparison, analytical, grouping and generalization of data, structural methods, elements of economic and financial analysis. Having analyzed the existing inventory management systems of trading enterprises and having examined the main directions of improving the inventory management system at domestic trading companies, it was determined that to solve all the tasks on fostering the efficiency of trading companies, it is necessary to create and develop their integrated trading management system, based on synchronized use of existing models. As a result the relevance and feasibility of modifying the inventory management system at a trade enterprise are substantiated. It is stated that effective inventory management of a trading enterprise should be based on: the use of powerful information technologies; improving inventory control and supply coordination; ensuring the continuous interaction of the functional subsystems of the whole set of enterprises-producers, consumers and suppliers and establishing effective communication with them; modification of the planning system in the field of sales, procurement, promotion and motivation of staff; optimization of the enterprise marketing system and improvement of order management; reorganization of the warehouse system in accordance with the selected order management system. JEL Classification: D24, L 23

Within the span of an undergrad, printing reports is vital whether it is in scholarly assignments, investigate or notes. Be that as it may, the current printing offices are imperfect and time devouring. To overcome these issues, we effectively created a proposed framework to progress the productivity of current printing administrations. This work expounds on the plan and improvement of the printing benefit utilizing android and google Firebase. Amid Covid-19 Widespread, Offline Print shops are encountering major plunges in foot activity. However, this doesn't mean closing shops completely and believe that the circumstances will be the conclusion. Vendors are utilizing the online space to get orders, amid the lockdown. There are numerous existing frameworks for this issue, but there are a few escape clauses in each framework, so there's a requirement for a framework that gives the client to put orders from anyplace any time utilizing the portable application with the assistance of cloud computing. Before setting an order, the purchaser must calculate of fairs, envisioned time of transport must be calculated.

Novedosos modelos de negocio como el retail omnicanal crean valor para proveedores y consumidores. Omnix es uno de estos modelos el cual se construyó sobre arquitecturas modernas como los microservicios, gracias a que estas soportan mejoras rápidas y continuas de cada funcionalidad, sin embargo, el desacoplamiento de componentes trae consigo algunos retos como; primero, el seguimiento de estos sistemas se complejiza con la escalabilidad y en las aplicaciones complejas eventualmente algo puede salir mal, ya que el número de microservicios afecta proporcionalmente la gestión de componentes y segundo, estos modelos no poseen un sistema de gestión y monitoreo de transacciones centralizado de alto y bajo nivel que les permita afrontar los fallos o anomalías en tiempo real. El Sistema de Monitoreo de Omnix o SIMO nace como un sistema orientado al soporte, notificación y monitoreo, que busca centralizar y estandarizar las transacciones de un sistema de gestión de órdenes omnicanal, usando un motor de búsqueda distribuido debido a su alta disponibilidad, dando como resultado mejoras en tiempos de respuesta y monitorización en tiempo real. Innovative business models such as omnichannel retail create value for suppliers and consumers. Omnix is one of these models which was built on modern architectures such as microservices, due to, they support fast and continuous improvements of each functionality, however, the decoupling of components brings some challenges as; first, the monitoring of these systems becomes complex with the scalability and in complex applications eventually something can go wrong, because the number of microservices affects proportionally the management of components; and second, these models do not have a centralized management and monitoring system of transactions high and low level that allows them to address the failures or anomalies in real time. The Omnix Monitoring System or SIMO was born as a system oriented to support, notification and monitoring, which seeks to centralize and standardize the transactions of an omnicanal order management system, using a distributed search engine due to its high availability, resulting in improvements in response times and real-time monitoring.

Tedarik, hizmet ve üretim sektörlerinde çok önemli bir rol oynayan stoklama işlemi müşteri memnuniyeti ve sürekliliğin sağlanması için önemlidir. Gündelik hayatta ve endüstriyel sektörde gitgide daha da çok kullanılmaya başlanan ve insanların hayatında önemli bir role sahip olup; evlerde, işyerlerinde, arabalarda, toplu taşımada ve fabrikalarda gerek ısıtma ve soğutma, gerekse de üretim sahasına katkıda bulunmak amacıyla kullanılan klimalar ile ilgili çeşitli hesaplamalar ve yorumlamalar yapılmıştır. Sektöründe lider bir japon klima firmasından alınan veriler, fiyat listeleri ve talep miktarıları kullanılmış olup; bilimsel makaleler, tezler, konu anlatımları ve formüller yardımıyla hesaplamalar ve tahminler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ekonomik sipariş miktarı hesaplanmış ve talep tahmin modelleri uygulanarak en uygun talep tahmin yöntemine göre 2019 yılı için bir talep tahmini hesaplanmıştır. Bu veriler ışığında ekonomik sipariş miktarı hesaplandıktan sonra da sektöründe lider klima firmasının yıllık toplam stokta tutma maliyetleri yine aynı yöntemle hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak bu veriler değerlendirilip karşılaştırılmış olup tahminin gerçekçiliği ile bu maliyetlere etki eden etkenlerin etki dereceleri de tartışılmıştır. It is important to have continuity and customer satisfaction of stocking business, which plays an important role in supply, service and manufacture sectors. Some calculations and conclusions are made about the air conditioners, which are used for heating, ventilating, air conditioning and contributing to the production site for factories, cars, public transportations, work places and houses. These air conditioners are also have an important role and gradually used more in the daily life and industrial sector. Demand quantities, price lists and data are used from a sector leading company from Japan and forecasting and calculations are made with the help of some scientific articles, dissertations and formulas. In this study, economic order quantity is calculated and by using applications of demand forecasting models, demand forecasting is calculated also for the year 2019 via most appropriate forecasting method. In light of this data, after the calculations of economic order quantity, carrying costs of this sector leading Japan Company is calculated too. Finally, this data are evaluated and compared in order to argue the reality of these forecasts, which affects to the costs.

This chapter presents a model that helps Information systems (IS) and project managers assess and ultimately narrow the gaps between customer needs and project outcomes. In many IS organizations, the primary measure of project success lies in meeting some combination of project specifications, a project deadline, and a project budget. To ensure success, IS and project managers should link project planning to control actions that relate customer goals to end results. IS and project managers must envision and apply a model that translates customer requirements into a specific sequence of management actions. The project team understands the importance of remote sales and marketing access to the data base as a desired feature in the order management system. The order management system, the project team is unable to execute what is an adequate plan because it lacks expertise in database design or the requisite hardware cannot be supplied in a timely manner by the customer or a vendor.

Order processing system is investigated using Six Sigma methodology to examine application of Six Sigma Methodology to a business problem that emerges with an Information Technology (IT) Solution as an appropriate alternative. This research was carried out to exhibit Six Sigma approach to business process problem solving. Sustainability in order processing was achieved through IT solutions till any major change comes in business process logic. After conducting this research project it was proved that problem solving techniques among six sigma and traditional IT solutions are somehow similar in temperament and can be used in collaboration for getting proper elucidations. In this paper the statistical tool used is Minitab.

In this paper, an enhanced risk evaluation and control method on semiconductor Risk Start Agreement (RSA) phase, a risk production period, is reported. Firstly, this method creates a reliability risk evaluation model which defines 5 risk levels with maximal allowed wafer start quantity on RSA phase according to tested data. Then, we also optimize multi-systems (RSA and Order Management System (OMS)) to realize systematical and automatic control on different risk levels. Over 4 years' practice shows this method can be well used in risk management on semiconductor risk production period.

The limits of traditional (static) policies are well known in many areas of computer science and information security and are extensively discussed in the literature. Although some flexibility has been achieved with the introduction of dynamic policies, these efforts have only addressed a fraction of the requirements necessary to secure today's enterprises. Currently, no feedback mechanisms are in place to evaluate the effectiveness or economic impacts of static or dynamic policy implementation. Here, we address the requirement for feedback and present a policy for the next generation. This is a policy that includes a dynamic feedback response to the effectiveness of changes. The structure of this new type of policy, called a ‘management system’, is borrowed from discrete event system theory and functions as a control loop. A management system consists of four elements (control system, sensor, controller, and actuator) that are involved in a control law. In this article, we present also an analytical description of the optimal structure through which the three management systems (Information Security Management System (ISMS), Business Continuity Management System, and IT Service Management) should be linked in a company. We define a coupling parameter and, using an equation for the discrete control loop, show that ISMS and IT Service Management should ideally be strongly coupled, and ISMS and Business Continuity Management System should be weakly coupled. Furthermore, two types of management system can be defined. A simple management system (1 st order management system) responds to and regulates only perturbations. An advanced management system (2 nd order management system) has an overarching target function that influences the controller. This target function is usually economically oriented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In a real-life dynamic production environment, problems such as workers’ absenteeism, machine breakdowns and loss of materials frequently occur. Small batches of production materials have to be delivered from a warehouse to the production shop floor often within a short period of time. In order to handle such material demand orders so as to maintain the productivity of the shop floor, it is essential to allocate warehouse resources effectively. In this article, an efficient production material demand order management system (PMDOMS) is proposed to cope with such issues. An automated data capturing technology – radio frequency identification and an advanced problem solving technique – genetic algorithms, are adopted in the PMDOMS. The integration of these technologies helps enterprises improve their operational efficiency on the production floor. Through application in a case study in the ABC Company, it is proved that PMDOMS significantly improves the productivity in both the production and the warehouse ...

We present an approach that provides automatic or semi-automatic support for evolution and change management in heterogeneous legacy landscapes where (1) legacy heterogeneous, possibly distributed platforms are integrated in a service oriented fashion, (2) the coordination of functionality is provided at the service level, through orchestration, (3) compliance and correctness are provided through policies and business rules, (4) evolution and correctness-by-design are supported by the eXtreme Model Driven Development paradigm (XMDD) offered by the jABC (Margaria and Steffen in Annu. Rev. Commun. 57, 2004)—the model-driven service oriented development platform we use here for integration, design, evolution, and governance. The artifacts are here semantically enriched, so that automatic synthesis plugins can field the vision of Enterprise Physics: knowledge driven business process development for the end user. We demonstrate this vision along a concrete case study that became over the past three years a benchmark for Semantic Web Service discovery and mediation. We enhance the Mediation Scenario of the Semantic Web Service Challenge along the 2 central evolution paradigms that occur in practice: (a) Platform migration: platform substitution of a legacy system by an ERP system and (b) Backend extension: extension of the legacy Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Order Management System (OMS) backends via an additional ERP layer.

— Restaurants are one of the favorite premises .An online food ordering is a integrated process in fast food Restaurants to offer choice of food from menu, cooked and served or packaged hot to satisfy customer to immediately make orders on their ownselves. Customers can also call the restaurant to pack in advance or to deliver the food item but sometimes restaurants run out of certain items.The existing system lacks the feature to use Remote GPS tracker such that restaurant managers are auto updated about the location of the customer before reaching the restaurant. We propose a complete system to easily manage online menu where items update as per the availability of food and prices. The Customer views the products, register and place the order. The system administrator adds and manages user accounts and the Manager manages product and orders. The Kitchen meal deliverable deals with pending deliveries .The proposed system is developed using Android platform which is open source software and built in data connection modules. It also decreases labour rates to replace mobile phones to book order and table unlike employees who come to take order and payments .In advent of food consumption problems like obesity, overeating etc. ,he proposed system will show food items with nutrition based searches showing ingredients of the food items.

Execution management systems (EMS) certainly have a place in today’s richly varied investment landscape. Today’s leading order management system (OMS) providers, however, can deliver a fully integrated, onsite, broker-neutral trading platform, with built-in algorithms, portfolio modeling capabilities, a flexible and scalable architecture, and FIX-based connectivity to critical liquidity sources, from sell-side desks to dark pools. For many firms seeking to reduce the tools on their desks without compromising their trading capability, that may be just the algorithmic ticket.

Nowadays, the level of China’s theoretical research on pallet pool system is behind its practical operation. Compared with the developed countries’ relatively perfect pallet pool system, pallet pool system in China is still on the initial stage. In the subsystems of pallet pool system, order management subsystem as information disclosure and issuing system for platform has the great significance of research. Here, two aspects of order management subsystem are analyzed. Firstly, business requirements of order management system are put forward. Then, it’s functional requirements are cleared by UML.

Globalleşme süreci etkilerinin bir sonucu olarak, şirketler envanter tutma ve sipariş verme konularına özen göstermektedirler. İş yaşamında tüm şirketlerin amacı kar getirmektir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek ve piyasadaki varlıklarını devam ettirebilmek için şirketlerin değerlere sahip olmaları gerekir ve bu değerler de yeri geldiğinde kullanıma hazır olmalıdır. Bu değerlerden biri de envanterdir. Envanter yönetimi süreci, hammaddelerin satın alma sürecinden başlayıp, son mamulün müşteriye teslimatına kadar olan süreyi kapsar. Envanter yönetimi sürecine hakim olmak için, şirketler envanter kontrolü için en uygun yöntemleri seçip uygulamalıdırlar. Ürün çeşitliliğinin fazla olduğu şirketlerde bu durum daha da zor hale gelebilir. Özellikle de talep değişkenliğinin yüksek olduğu şirketlerde, müşteri beklentilerini karşılamak daha da zorlaşacaktır. Bu gibi zorluklar da müşteri şikayetlerine yol açacaktır. Şirketler pazardaki talebi karşılamak için yeterli miktarda envanter bulundurmalıdır. Envanter tutma maliyeti tüm şirketler için yüksektir. Aynı zamanda stoksuz kalma durumunun getireceği maliyetler de yüksek olacaktır. Bu anlamda, en uygun sipariş miktarını belirlemek ve tampon stok değerlerini hesaplamak hayati anlam taşıyacaktır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle mevcut metot tanımlanacaktır ve farklı metotlar deneyerek en uygun sipariş belirleme yöntemi aranacaktır. Aynı zamanda müşterinin istediği tampon stok miktarı incelenecek ve yeni metotlar denenerek en iyi çözüm bulunmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çalışmaya başlamadan önce de ABC analizi yapılarak her ürünün toplam değerde ne kadarlık bir payı olduğu araştırılacaktır.Anahtar kelimeler: Stok, Envanter, Sipariş Belirleme, Tampon Stok, EnvanterYönetimi, ABC Analizi As a result of the effects of the globalization process, companies emphasize the importance of inventory holding and ordering process. In busines life, the aim of all companies are to make profits. In order to realize this purpose and continue their existences in market, companies should have some values and these values should be always ready to use. One of them is called inventory. Inventory management process starts from purchasing the raw materials and continues to sales of finished goods to customers.In order to manage the inventory process efficiently, companies should choose the best methods to order and control them. This gets more difficult if the product variety is high. Especially if the customer demand variation is high, companies gets more difficulties to meet their needs. These kinds of factors cause customers' compliances.Companies should keep enough stock to meet the demand in market.Inventory holding cost in high for all companies. In the mean time, stockout costs are also very high. In this scope, it gets vital to determine the optimum lot sizing policy and optimum minimum stock holding policy.Another important factor is to determine how much inventory should be kept from each product. In order to determine this, an ABC analysis can be used. So that the unnecessary inventory can be avoided. This will also decrease ordering cost, holding costs and related costs.In this study, the actual method will be discribed and different lot sizing methods will be searched to understand the optimum method. In the mean time, customer's actual minimum stock policy will be defined and new methods will be searched to ind the best solution. Before to start searching, an ABC analysis will be performed to understand the value in total for each product and best lot sizing method will be searched for each group in ABC analysis.Keywords: Inventory, Stock, Buffer, Lot Sizing, Automotive, Inventory Management, ABC analysis 179

Bu çalışmada üretim planlama ve kontrol süreci ve üretime yüklenen sipariş miktarının doğrusal programlama yöntemi ve grafik yöntem ile çözümü incelenmiştir. Çalışmada emniyet stoklu ve sonlu kapasite koşullarında üretim programının matematiksel modellemesi geliştirilmiştir. Modelin amacı üretim siparişlerinin minimum maliyetle zamanında karşılanmasını sağlayacak yaklaşımın geliştirilmesidir. Modelde temel maliyet kısıtları olan üretim, geçiş ve stok maliyetleri baz alınmıştır. Çalışmanın 2. bölümünde üretim planlama ve kontrol ile ilgili literatür özeti ve temel kavramlar incelenmiştir. 3. bölümde örnek problem üzerinden matematiksel model geliştirilmiştir. Örnek problemde verilen talep tahmini, geçiş maliyeti, stok tutma maliyeti, emniyet stok seviyesi, üretim kapasitesi ve üretim maliyeti 4. bölümde işletme güncelinde hesaplanmıştır. 5. bölümde ise modelin uygulanması ile oluşan sonuçlar hesaplanmış ve iyileştirme noktaları tespit edilerek üretim programı güncellenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Üretim Planlama ve Kontrol (ÜPK), Doğrusal Programlama (DP), Sipariş Büyüklüğü Belirleme In this study, production planning and control process and the order quantity that load to production was examined by linear programming and graphical method. With this scope we built mathematical model in condition that has safety stock and limited capacity. The purpose of the model is; to develop a mathematical model that satisfy production orders on time with minimum cost. The basic cost items evaluated as production, changeover and stock holding cost. In the second chapter the literature revive was given that about production planning and control. In the third chapter, the mathematical model has been developed by the example problem solving. Demand forecasting, changeover costs, inventory holding costs, safety stock levels, production capacity and production costs that given in the second chapter were calculated based on workplace data in the fourth chapter. Chapter fifth formed by the application of models calculated results and production plan updated after improvements have been identified.Key Words: Production Planning and Control (PPC), Linear Programing (LP), Lot Sizing 92

Tedarik zincirinin iyi şekilde planlanması firmaların hem karlılıklarını hem de rekabet edebilirliklerini artıracaktır. Bu anlamda bu çalışmada aksiyomlarla tasarım ilkeleri kullanılarak medikal bir firma için konsinye sipariş yönetimi yeniden tasarlanmıştır. Bu tasarım sayesinde işe yeni başlamış bir birey zorlanmadan süreci etkin bir şekilde tamamlayıp tedarikçi ve müşteri arasındaki alım ve teslimata kadar geçen yapıyı yönetebilecektir. Bu süreçte eğitimin rolü oldukça önemlidir. Ancak çalışma sonuçlarına göre tedarik zinciri yönetiminin stratejik uyum ve stratejik planlama alanlarının geliştirilebilmesi için başka birçok eylemlerin de yerine getirilmesinin gerekliliği ortaya konulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler : Tedarik zinciri, Tedarik zinciri yönetimi,aksiyomlarla tasarım It is clear that the adequate planning of supply chain management will increase the companies' competitiveness as well as their profitability. In this context, the ultimate objective of this study was set as to design supply chain of medical company by using axiomatic design principles. It is believed that the new design would help company's employees significantly since it will help new employees to manage the supply chain process easily. However, it was recognised that the training and development has a significant importance in the process and therefore, the company should implement adequate training and development initiatives. In addition, there are also other elements which should be considered by the management in order to improve the supply chain effectiveness. These recommendations were given in the conclusion of the study.Key Words : Supply Chain, Supply chain management,Axiomatic design 120

Speed and accuracy and the ability to manage and exceed customers' expectation by a synchronised order management system, deployed globally, is critical for any manufacturer's success. Order management is one area where the ability of a company to compete through synchronisation of its own processes becomes visible to the outside world in every transaction completed. A few of the many considerations manufacturers need to keep in mind as they pursue the goal of turning their order management systems into competitive advantages are discussed.

Successful implementation of new technologies and systems is vital for sustaining and enhancing the productivity and the competitive position of an organization. However, many implementation efforts fail due to resistance or non-acceptance of new systems by users. This paper presents the details of the implementation of an order management system in a custom furnishing business. Details of changes brought about by the new system in the work environment of users and the resulting user acceptance and resistance behaviors are examined in the light of the user evaluation process proposed by the equity implementation model (EIM). The paper concludes that the findings of the case study support EIM, which provides an understanding of both resistance and acceptance behaviors. EIM also provides an understanding of users’ initial reactions to the implementation as well as their post implementation responses. Such insights can be helpful in developing better strategies for implementing systems and dealing wi...

The purpose of this paper is to present an inventory balance model including an order-up-to replenishment policy with partial backlogging. Pictured in the model is a situation, where goods are not replenished continuously, but only at predetermined intervals. The model is described by ordinary differential equations with delayed argument because of the assumption of a time lag between ordering and delivery.A computer simulation which helps to demonstrate and verify model behaviour is utilized for the numerical solution of the model. Sales data of a real company are used as the input data.Due to the comparison of the designed model outputs against the real state in the company, it was verified that it is possible to achieve a substantial reduction in warehousing costs without a disproportionate increase in the risk of inventory shortage. The authors note that modern methods of functional analysis can be successfully applied in solving an inventory balance model.

Depolar lojistik yönetim sisteminde çok yönlü bir rol oynar. Ürünlerin birçoğu sürekli olarak talep edilir ve müşterilerin talebine göre tedarik zinciri boyunca taşınırlar. Bu noktada, depolama fonksiyonunun amacı, talep ile tedarik arasında bir tampon sağlamaktır. Depoların birçoğunda sipariş toplama ana faaliyettir ve ürünlerin müşteri taleplerine göre depolardaki konumlarından toplanmasını içerir. Diğer taraftan siparişlerin dış dağıtımının da planlanması gerekir. Bir veya daha fazla depodan coğrafi olarak dağılmış olan müşterilere yapılacak olan dağıtım için uygun rotanın belirlenmesi literatürde araç rotalama problemi olarak adlandırılır. Sipariş toplama ve araç rotalama problemleri birbiri ile ilişkili problemler olmasına rağmen bugüne kadar ayrı ayrı ele alınmışlardır. Bu çalışmada, sipariş toplama ve araç rotalama problemlerini hem klasik hem de çapraz geçitli depo sistemlerinde eş zamanlı olarak çözebilen çeşitli sezgisel yöntemler önerilmektedir. Müşteri ve sipariş grupları Genetik ve Tabu Arama Algoritmaları ile belirlenirken, araç rotaları Tasarruf ve En Yakın komşu sezgiselleri yardımıyla belirlenmiştir. Bu yöntemlere ilave olarak, belirlenen rotaların geliştirilmesi için 2-opt ve Or-opt sezgiselleri rotalama sezgisellerine entegre edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemlerin etkinliğini araştırmak için bilinen 24 test problemi ile deneyler yapılmış ve sonuçları önceki çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Tabu Arama - Kabul Eşiği Algoritması yöntemi çözüm kalitesi ve süresi bakımından en iyi sonuçları sağlamıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: SipariĢ toplama, araç rotalama, genetik, tabu arama The warehouses play a versatile role in the logistics management system. Most of the products are offered constantly and they need to be pulled through the supply chain based on customer demand. At this point, the objective of the warehousing function is to provide a buffer between supply and demand. In most warehouses, order picking is the major activity and involves collecting of products according to customer orders. On the other hand, it is necessary to plan the outside distribution of the orders. Determining the suitable distribution routes from one or more warehouses to a number of geographically separated customers is called vehicle routing problem in the literature. Although the order picking and vehicle routing problems are related to each other, they have been handled separately by this time. In this study, various heuristic approaches which solve order picking and vehicle routing problems simultaneously for both conventional and multiple cross aisles warehouse systems are proposed. While the groups of the orders and customers are determined using Genetic and Tabu Search Algorithms, the routes of the vehicles are determined with the help of Savings and Nearest Neighbor Heuristics. In addition to these methods, 2-opt and Or-opt heuristics are integrated to the routing heuristics to improve the solution quality. In order to investigate the effectiveness of proposed methods, 24 well-known test problems are conducted and the obtained results are compared with previous researches. In conclusion, Tabu Search - Threshold Accepting method come out to be the most attractive approach in terms of solution quality and the computational efficiency.Key Words: Order picking, vehicle routing, genetic, tabu search 221

Müşteri ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilmek amacıyla ürünlerin depoda bulunduğu noktalardan alınarak toplama noktasına getirilmesi olan sipariş toplama süreci, lojistiğin en önemli alt bölümü olarak depolarda en fazla zamanın harcandığı etkinliktir. Depolama etkinliğini arttırmak için önerilen yöntemlerden biri olan seyahat mesafesini en aza indirmek için ürünlerin raflardan alındığı en uygun toplama rotalarının belirlenmesi uygulama kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla Trabzon'da gıda sektöründe ürünlerin dağıtımı ve pazarlanması konusunda faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın sipariş toplama süreci ele alınmış; farklı rotalama politikaları Simio simülasyon programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve toplam sipariş toplama zamanında en fazla azalmayı sağlayan rotalama politikasına karar verilerek sipariş toplama sürecinin etkinliğinin arttırılması hedeflenmiştir. Zigzag, geri dönüş, orta nokta, en büyük boşluk ve karma rotalama politikalarının karşılaştırıldığı çalışmada karma rotalama politikasının sipariş toplayıcının toplam sipariş toplama zamanını en aza indirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Order picking process, that is considered as retrieving products from storage to pick-up/drop-off point (P/D) in response to the customer requests is the subfunction of logistics for which the highest time is wasted in the warehouse. In extent of the application one of the suggested methods as determining the appropriate picking routes in which products are retrieved from the racks, is handled to increase the efficiency in the warehouses. For this reason the order picking process of a company that operates in food sector in fields of distribution and marketing of the products in Trabzon is handled, different routing policies are evaluated using Simio simulation program and increasing the efficiency of the order picking process is aimed in the way of determining the routing policies that decreases the total order picking time mostly. As a result of study, in which transversal, return, mid-point, largest gap and composite routing policies are compared, the composite routing policy is regarded as the policy that decreased the total order picking time at most. 113

An increasingly dynamic environment and the ongoing trend towards customized products are heightening the requirements which companies have to meet, leading to constantly changing structures and processes. As a result, successful production management and the transformability which an enterprise and its order management system has to display are closely connected. The present article describes an order management system for transformable manufacturing enterprises based on systems theory and management cybernetics.

Since 1997 the authors have prototyped an enterprise resource management (ERM) system recommending essential improvements to the available software packages, which today claim automatic real time performance and an efficient transaction-oriented approach. The ERM system proposed is a decision-making tool for the manufacturing industry, which makes integrated financial/production trade-off planning and optimisation in the supply chain management. The application supports management cycles because during its use are available degrees of freedom to make the system work as a decision-making tool. The enterprises must be aware of its internal problems to be dynamically approachable instead of prematurely evolving to networked enterprises by links in the electronic commerce. ERM systems are capable of managing dynamically realistic and optimal delivery dates with price-time trade-off during the marketing activities. Cost objective functions integrated with system performance measures are developed, including a cost model to evaluate the due date policy economics in real time. The order management system proposed is based on the TicTacToe algorithm, which follows an exact non-combinatorial deterministic approach to time and optimise production sequences in multiproduct plants in very short time using asymmetric travelling salesman problem formulations for the scheduling task. The resulting tool is appropriate to fulfil the requirements of autonomous order entry systems in integrated real time systems.

Enterprises unite and become so-called vitual enterprises (VE) in order to benefit from market potentials which they could never reach on their own. The operation of VEs, however, is not supported by existing production planning and control (PPC) systems. These systems allow neither communication with systems of other enterprises, nor the synchronization of master production schedules in a VE. This paper proposes an order management system based on automatic negotiations. This system allows the inclusion and scheduling of orders in real time within virtual enterprises in the semiconductor industry and, at the same time, coordinates the individual master production schedules (MPS) with one another.

In order to solve the problem of isolated order information among production processes, which leads to the information cannot be transferred timely and shared effectively, a system of information tracking is presented in this paper. The BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) specification is adopted to establish order process model. The model can be used to describe the company's core business and the order information transmission process with the process-oriented thinking. Then Web standard-JSF (Java Server Faces) is introduced to develop the system. The operation results show that order information can be transferred timely, fast, accurately, which avoids the delays or inaccuracies caused by manual operation. Meanwhile the managers can follow the tracks of the order progress at all times and provide clients with advice. The process-based order management system improved the information management ability of the printing enterprise and laid foundation for the realization of informatization enterprise-wide.

The process of prescribing, ordering, transcribing, and dispensing medications is a complex process and should efficiently service the high volume of daily physician orders in hospitals. As demand for prescriptions continues to grow, the primary issue confronting the pharmacists is overloading in dispensing the medication and tackling the mistakes caused by misinterpretation of the prescriptions. In this paper, we compared two prescribing technologies, namely no carbon required (NCR) and digital scanning technologies to quantify the advantages of the medication ordering, transcribing, and dispensing process in a multi-hospital health system. NCR technology uses a four parts physician order form with no carbon required copies, and digital scanning technology uses a single part physician order form. Results indicated a reduction of 54.5 % in queue time, 32.4 % in order entry time, 76.9 % in outgoing delay time, and 67.7 % in outgoing transit time in digital scanning technology. Also, we present the cost analysis to justify the acquisition of the Medication Order Management System (MOMS) to implement digital scanning technology.

Ekonomik üretim / sipariş miktarı modellerinin (EPQ/EOQ) temel varsayımı, üretilen/sipariş verilen ürünlerin %100?ün kusursuz olmasıdır. Üretim / sipariş süreçleri için bu her zaman geçerli değildir. Stok kontrol modelleri, talebin kesin olarak bilinip bilinememesine göre deterministik ve olasılıklı modeller olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Deterministik stok kontrol modelleri arasında en yaygın kullanılan modeller Klasik Ekonomik Sipariş ve Üretim Miktarı Modelleridir. Günümüz de ise gerçek yaşam ve günümüz ekonomik koşullarına göre oluşturulmuş yeni modeller literatüre kazandırılmıştır. Örneğin, stoksuzluk, öğrenme, enflasyon ve paranın zaman değeri etkileri, stoktaki ürünlerin zamanla bozulması, kusurlu ürün, ödemelerde gecikmeye izin verilmesi gibi yeni açılımlar, bu alanda geniş bir çalışma yelpazesi oluşmasını sağlamıştır.Günümüz koşulları hızlı bir değişim geçirmekte olup; üretim/ sipariş koşulları bundan etkilenmektedir. Mevcut sistemi etkin ve verimli şekilde kullanmak işletmeler açısından öncelikli bir karardır.Son yıllarda gri sistem teorisi birçok uygulamada başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. Gri sistem yaklaşımı ilk ortaya atıldığı 1982 yılından bugüne kadar pek çok alanda uygulanmış olmasına rağmen Ekonomik Sipariş Miktarı (EOQ) modellerinde yer alan tüm parametreleri gri sayan bir çalışmaya literatürde rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada Salameh ve Jaber [2000]?in kusurlu EOQ modelinde yıllık talep parametresi, geleneksel EOQ modellerinin aksine aralıklı gri sayılar kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. The basic assumption of an economic production/order quantity model (EPQ/EOQ) is that 100% of produced/order products are non-defective. This assumption is not valid for production/order proceses every time. Inventory control models are classified as deterministic and stochastic models upon the condition that the demand is definitely known, or not. Economic Order and Production Quantity models are among the most widely used techniques in deterministic inventory control models.Recently, by loosening these assumptions and introducing some extra hypotheses, many new models consistent with real life and consider current economic conditions were developed. A vast literature has occurred under these conditions which are known as new approaches such as shortage, effect of learning, inflation and time value of money, deterioration, defective items and permissible delay in payment.In the current rapidly changing manufacturing conditions, controlling manufacturing systems effectively and efficiently is a critical issue for enterprises, especially in their early stages. In recent years the grey theorem has been successfully used in many prediction applications. Despite the fact that grey systems approach has been applied in many fields since it was first introduced in 1982 we could not come across with any study in literature assuming all parameters grey in Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) models. In this study Salameh and Jaber (2000), year of demand parameter is defective. EOQ model, in contrast to traditional EOQ models including intermittent grey numbers, depending on model, annual demand for changes in amount of grey prediction model is used. 77

Satoedjari Merch is one of the companies that utilize convection system in managing information as a support order. After implementing a management information system, the necessary attention is to the quality of the system so that it can scale very well and as needed. Order Management System in Satoedjari Merch is still in the early stages of use, it requires quality testing system to maximize its benefit. One of good software quality is if it meets those aspects of McCall's Quality Factor. This study uses Product Operation aspect, because this aspect tests the quality related with system activity when the system is used. In the aspect of product operations, there are five factors that is correctness, reliability, efficiency, integrity and usability. According to the test results, it is known that the Order Management Information Systems of Satoedjari Merch for operator system excellent quality are the truth factor, reliability, convenience and efficient. Factors that have low values are on the relationship system and data security.

Yüksek ürün çeşitliliği, daha küçük parti büyüklükleri, daha az miktarda ürün talebi, düşük teslimat süreleri ve hızlı yanıt ihtiyaçları gibi isteklerin var olduğu talep odaklı organizasyonların ve tam zamanında anlayışının büyük ölçüde yaygınlaşması ile birlikte, lojistik faaliyetler içerisinde depolama fonksiyonunun önemi çok daha fazla artmıştır.Sipariş toplama işlemleri, depolama sistemlerindeki en önemli faaliyetlerdir. Depolama ve dağıtım merkezlerinde iş gücünün en yoğun olarak kullanıldığı operasyonlar olan sipariş toplama işlemleri; müşterilerin talepleri doğrultusunda siparişlerin depo içerisinde bulundukları noktalardan alınmalarını ifade etmektedir. Siparişlerin toplanması problemi; sipariş toplama maliyetini düşürmek için, toplayıcıların katettiği mesafenin minimize edilmesi amacıyla, siparişlerin uygun şekilde gruplanmasını ve sipariş toplayıcıların rotalarının tespit edilmesini kapsamaktadır.Sipariş toplama operasyonları, sipariş gruplama ve toplayıcı rotalama olarak iki ana optimizasyon problemini barındırmaktadır. Sipariş gruplama problemi; bir sipariş kümesi için kaç toplama turu olması gerektiğini ve bir sipariş turunda toplanacak siparişlerin hangileri olduğunun tespit edilmesi işlemlerini içermektedir. Sipariş toplayıcının rotalanması ise, oluşturulan gruplardaki siparişlere gidiş sırasının tespit edilmesini ifade etmektedir.Bu tez çalışmasında; depolama sistemleri ve yönetimi konularının açıklanmasını takiben; sipariş toplayıcı seyahat mesafesinin azaltılması amacıyla, sipariş toplama probleminin çözümünde kullanılan teknikler irdelenmiştir. Özellikle çapraz geçit içeren, sırt sırta raf sistemli depolar dikkate alınmıştır. Sırt sırta raf sistemlerinde yer alan koridorlar, sipariş toplayıcının hareketini kısıtlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında; Clarke-Wright (CW) sezgiseli, Rastsal Tasarruf (RT) sezgiseli ve Genetik Algoritma (GA) tabanlı metasezgisel yöntem olmak üzere üç farklı sipariş toplama tekniği değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada; sezgisel ve metasezgisel yöntemlerde kullanılmak üzere, sırt sırta raf sistemindeki iki sipariş arasındaki en kısa mesafelerin belirlenebilmesi için uzaklık matrisinin oluşturulabilmesi amacıyla, yeni bir uzaklık denklem seti sunulmuştur.Önerilen çözüm metodlarının kullanımı ile, sipariş gruplama ve sipariş toplayıcının rotalanması problemine eş zamanlı çözüm üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gerçek veriler kullanılarak, farklı çözüm parametreleri ile CW sezgiseli, RT sezgiseli ve GA tabanlı çözüm yöntemleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, DHL Supply Chain lojistik firmasının Kocaeli'de bulunan Gebze-2 deposundan alınmıştır. Warehousing function in logistics has gained more importance in recent years owing to just in time philosophy becoming widespread and demand-driven organization approach with high product variety, small batch size, low quantity customer orders, short delivery lead times and requirement of quick response.Order picking operations is the most important activities in a warehouse systems. The order picking operations which are one of the most labor intensive operations used in warehouse and distribution center express the retrieval of products from storage to meet customers? demand. As for the order picking problem, it aims to determine batches of orders and find routes of the order pickers for these batches to minimize the total orderpickers? travel distance in warehouse.Order picking operation includes two main optimization problems which are known as order batching and picker routing. Order batching problem is the case of assessing the number of picking tour and determining the number of orders to be picked together in one picking tour. The routing of manual pickers is used to determine the picking sequence to retrieve items stored in warehouse.This thesis presents, an overview of order-picking methods and their potentials in solution of this problem which are analyzed for the purpose of reducing travelling distances after giving a brief overview of warehouse management and systems. Especially back to back rack systems including cross aisles were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the aisles in back to back rack system restrict the movement of the order pickers. In the scope of this study, three main different order picking strategies were evaluated: Clarke-Wright (CW) heuristic, Randomized Savings (RS) heuristic and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based metaheuristic. Additionally, in this work, novel equation series were presented to calculate distances between two picks for creating distance matrix that are used in heuristics and metaheuristic solution methods.The use of those proposed solution methods aimed to solve order batching and order picker routing problems simultaneously. CW heuristic, RS heuristic and GA based solution methods were compared to different solution parameters by using real data. The data used in this research were taken from the DHL Supply Chain Logistics? Gebze Warehouse-2 which is located in Kocaeli. 255

The limits of traditional (static) policies are well-known in many areas of computer science and information security, and are extensively discussed in the literature. Although some flexibility has been achieved with the introduction of dynamic policies, these efforts have only addressed a fraction of the requirements necessary to secure today's enterprises. Currently, no feedback mechanisms are in place to evaluate the effectiveness or economic impacts of static or dynamic policy implementation. Here, we address the requirement for feedback and present a policy for the next generation. This is a policy that includes a dynamic feedback response to the effectiveness of changes. The structure of this new type of policy, called a ``management system'', is borrowed from discrete event system (DES) theory and functions as a control loop. A management system consists of four elements (control system, sensor, controller, and actuator) that are involved in a control law. Two types of management system can be defined. A simple management system (1$^\textrm{st}$ order management system) responds to and regulates only perturbations. An advanced management system (2$^\textrm{nd}$ order management system) has an overarching target function that influences the controller. This target function is usually economically oriented. Finally, we compare our new type of policy with two management systems that follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA cycle) model. We investigate the two PDCA cycle standards ISO/IEC 27001 (Information Security Management System, ISMS) and BS 25999 (Business Continuity Management System, BCMS). We also show that the new type of policy can be applied to management systems based on a PDCA cycle.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009, Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2009, Tedarik zinciri yönetimi malzemenin elleçlendiği ilk andan ürünün tüketicilere ulaştığı ana kadar geçen bütün süreçlerdeki bilgi, malzeme akışlarının tamamından sorumludur ve bu sorumluluğu en üst düzeyde yerine getiren şirketler en başarılı olanlardır. Bu çalışma tedarik zincirinde bilişim teknolojileri kullanımı ile organizasyonel performans arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar araştırılarak tedarik zinciri yönetimi, bilişim teknolojileri ve organizasyonel performans ve bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişki ortaya konmuştur. Şirketlerin tedarik zinciri yönetiminde bilişim teknolojileri kullanım seviyesini ortaya koyabilmek için anket hazırlanmıştır. Aynı şekilde şirketlerin organizasyonel performanslarını da belirleyebilmek için anket hazırlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak şirketlerin tedarik zinciri performansını artırırken bilişim teknolojilerinden faydalandıkları ve bunun da şirketlerin genel performansını pozitif yönde etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır., Supply chain management is responsible of all knowledge and material flows in the processes from first time a material handled and the time consumer received product and the companies which accomplish these responsibilities are always happen to be most successful ones. In this study the aim is to understand how will making use of information technologies in supply chain management effect organizational performance. In order to give a brief definition of supply chain management, information technologies, organizastional performance and represent the relationship between these concepts a literature search has been made. In this study we used questionaries to present organizational performances instead of the objective performance metrics. Finally we found out that companies are utilizing information technologies to increase supply chain management performance and this positively effects the organizational performance., Yüksek Lisans, M.Sc.

This chapter will explain new processes designed to reduce the lost time between order entry and the scheduling of vehicles to the appropriate final assembly lines. Very often, this takes days and weeks. New order management and related systems must be able to directly process vehicle orders entered by the dealer or, in the future, by the customer themselves and assign them to suitable plants. This system, which substantially reduces the information flow times, is the “virtual order bank”, abbreviated to VOB, representing the central unit of the new order management system. Due to plant capacity constraints the VOB must not accept unlimited numbers of orders. It is necessary to first define the capacity of the final assembly plants and all BTO suppliers and have these data stored in the VOB. These capacity data do not refer to fixed values, but to capacity margins indicating minima and maxima, which are adapted for each product every 6 weeks. Based on these margins in the supply chain, the capacity buckets of the final assembly plants are defined on a daily basis before being assigned to orders arriving in the VOB. Apart from directly booking the capacity buckets, the network also buffers fluctuations in demand, making it more flexible. It is only possible to calculate a reliable delivery date after capacity buckets have been defined and an integrated available-to-promise (ATP) process put in place. The chapter will also show processes for capacity management to determine requirements and match them with the capacity available at the relevant companies across multiple levels of the supply chain. In selecting the plants, relevant factors such as costs, capacity and distance to final customer must be considered. Only then can the appropriate assembly plant for each individual customer order be processed and cars built and delivered within 5 days.

This chapter offers information on various trading technology companies and their services. Vhayu Technologies is a leading provider of a real-time software platform that enables financial institutions to capture, store, and analyze enormous amounts of historical data. Vhayu's platform, called “Velocity,” is widely used for tick data management to allow clients to perform real-time trading analysis. Xenomorph is a leading player in the high-performance data management market. Its core data management platform is TimeScape, which is an object-relational database called Xenomorph XDB. It was designed to handle massive amounts of data to facilitate the rapid analysis of trade opportunities and risk management. Apama is an independent financial technology firm, founded in 2000, providing outsourced trading strategies. Apama currently has clients on both the buy and the sell side, with major clients including JP Morgan, ABN Amro, and Deutsche Bank. FlexTrade is one of the leading broker-neutral, trade order management providers in the algorithmic trading market. Their leading product, Flex-TRADER, challenged the once-dominant QuantEX marketed by ITG. Portware is a leading provider of buy-side and sell-side trade and execution management software for basket, single-asset, and automated quantitative trading. Portware Professional, its core product, is a centralized platform for trade and execution management. It is an order management system capable of handling both single-asset and portfolio/basket trading with multiuser support.

This chapter will give a short description how the network was built up and has developed during the last 6 years. It will describe then the business model with concept and organization of the source network as also of the VF temporary organization for a specific customer demand. Then the VF temporary organization of a real business opportunity is shown in a more detailed manner with the internal order management system. At the end of the chapter an actual cluster project within of the source network will give some ideas about the source network development to the future.

A web-based system for order fulfillment provides a software environment for successfully implementing the build-to-order supply chain (BOSC) strategy However, current efforts in this domain are not adequate to support automatic reasoning of knowledge-intensive activities within order processing processes and supervision and flexible responsiveness of the entire workflows Based on the application scenario from a conveyer BOSC, this paper proposes an approach to developing an order management system called OMS-KW enhanced by the Semantic Web and workflow technologies A multi-ontology-based approach is presented to facilitate representation, sharing and reuse of different types of knowledge Moreover, multiple ontologies in OWL provide semantic foundation for interoperability between the system and other systems In addition, problem-solving methods (PSMs) and SWRL-based rules are developed to enable automatic execution of knowledge-intensive activities Furthermore, the system integrates the knowledge and workflow applications to monitor all the knowledge-intensive and non-knowledge-intensive activities and to improve system flexibility.

Setting up virtual organizations such as the virtual factory are a new way of doing business where companies can successfully cooperate to address new markets they will never be able to address alone. This paper presents the order acquiring and —processing done by a web-based intranet platform. Through Intranet communication, all partner companies can post projects and seek possible cooperation partners. From the internee portal a customer can place a demand to the virtual factory, which is then transmitted trough an internal order management system to all partners. In a next step all partner can see the demand or can try to satisfy the order. The paper shows that in a virtual organization, roles and rules are very important issues besides ICT. The paper also presents how the net2net communication between three other virtual factories in Switzerland and Germany are built using the same concept.