Search

The EAO Junior Committee Summer Camp 2023 was held in Lisbon, Portugal, with the goal of promoting communication, leadership, and connections among young clinicians and researchers under 40 years old. The camp featured workshops, group projects, and social activities to empower participants and enhance their public speaking abilities. Attendees from 18 different countries were chosen to participate in the camp, which prioritized creating a safe and respectful environment for networking and establishing connections. The camp also emphasized the value of friendship and encouraged participants to make new friends for future scientific exchanges. The document includes three appendix figures showcasing participants, a group photo before a surf lesson, and a view of Dragão Vermelho beach in Lisbon, Portugal. The document is copyrighted by Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc., and printing is limited to personal use only, with no reproduction or transmission allowed without written permission from the publisher. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective study were to analyze telehealth utilization for two specialty care practices: oral medicine (OM) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) during the first 2 years of the pandemic, its impact as a new treatment modality and on participating providers, as well as identify the type of patient visit that most readily adopted telehealth. Methods: Retrospective study of patients who sought specialty services, OM and OMFS, at an outpatient clinic in a university health system setting between March 1, 2019, and February 28, 2022. Source data were obtained from Epic, an electronic medical record application. Data were graphed using Tableau and Microsoft Excel software. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing chi-squared test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: OMFS utilized telehealth 12% of the time, and OM 8% of the time. The majority (87%) of telehealth visits were for return patients (RPs). Compared with the first year of the pandemic, there was a decrease in the number of telehealth visits in the second year (p = 0.0001). As of August 2022, new patient (NP) telehealth encounters have largely returned to prepandemic levels (0-1.5%), whereas RP telehealth visits remained at an average level of 11.4% (9.4-12.4%). Surveyed providers consider telehealth as an effective complement to in-person care and will continue its use (4.2/5 Likert scale). Conclusions: Telehealth has become a viable pathway of care for OM and OMFS who previously did not utilize the remote platform to deliver healthcare. As a new treatment modality, telehealth is perceived as impactful in increasing access to specialty care by participating providers. NP visits are now almost completely in person, but telehealth continues for RPs. Ongoing demand for telehealth highlights urgency to develop appropriate standards and effective remote diagnostic/monitoring tools to maximize telehealth's capability to leverage finite health care resources and increase access to specialty care.

Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition affecting the oral cavity. This condition mostly affects peri‐ or postmenopausal women; for this reason, sexual hormonal changes have been implicated in BMS pathogenesis. Methods: A systematic review was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE without restriction for language or year. Eligibility criteria were controlled studies addressing the PICO question: (P) patients with BMS; (I) detection of the sex hormones; (C) patients without BMS; (O) changes on sexual hormones as a risk factor for BMS severity. Risk of bias was performed with Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Four studies were included. Salivary levels were evaluated in three studies and serum blood was used in one. Three studies analysed oestradiol and/or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), two assessed progesterone and one evaluated follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). Oestradiol results were contradictory, with two studies reporting lower levels in BMS patients compared to controls and one finding the opposite. DHEA was statistically lower in the BMS group in one study. Progesterone showed opposite results in two studies, although none with statistical significance. FSH was statistically higher in the BMS group compared to controls. Correlation of hormones with quality of life was performed in three studies and there was no significant correlation with self‐perceived symptoms severity. Conclusion: Sexual hormones can be altered in BMS, especially oestradiol. Despite these changes, we did not find correlation between hormone fluctuation and BMS symptoms intensity affecting quality of life. These findings suggested the need for further investigation on hormonal alterations, which may be a promising target on BMS management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes interdisciplinary dentistry (ID) and how it can be applied to better care for pediatric patients. Topics discussed include the interdisciplinary dental treatment process, ID treatment plan, and University of Washington interdisciplinary dentistry example interdisciplinary problem list template.

The article provides an evidence-based review of different bone grafting materials used in sinus floor elevation procedures, including autologous bone, bovine bone, and allografts. It discusses the clinical outcomes and recommendations based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The text emphasizes the importance of biomaterial selection and formulation for optimal outcomes in dental implant treatment. It also covers topics such as the use of platelet-rich fibrin and the impact of residual bone height on implant placement in the sinus area. This comprehensive review offers valuable insights for dental professionals and researchers in the field of oral implantology. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The deformation of oral and maxillofacial region leads to not only the damage of morphology and function, but also a series of aesthetic and psychological problems, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. Oral tissue engineering refers to developing biomaterials for repair or regeneration, with the application of tissue engineering technologies. This has become an area of increasing prominence. Current biologically inert materials are insufficient to fulfill clinical requirements. Therefore, tissue-engineered biomaterials with bioactive, even bionic properties are desperately needed. Main body: The complexity of the anatomy and the diversity of tissue types of oral and maxillofacial region pose great challenges to the regeneration, in the aspects of both biomaterials and manufacturing technologies. Biomaterials in clinical practice or research have evolved from natural materials to synthetic materials, from homogeneous materials to multiple composite materials. And now composite materials have increasingly demonstrated their advantages in terms of physicochemical and biological properties over conventional materials. In terms of manufacturing, traditional coating, sintering, and milling technologies can no longer satisfy the requirements for high-precision bionic structures of oral-tissue-engineering biomaterials. Scientists have turned to biofabrication technologies such as microfluidics and additive manufacturing. Short conclusion: This review aims to summarize the noteworthy advancements made in biomaterials of oral tissue engineering. We outlined the current biomaterials and manufacturing technologies and focused on various applications of these materials that may be connected to clinical treatment and research. We also suggested the future direction of development for biomaterials in oral tissue engineering. In future, biomaterials characterized by precision, functionalization, and individualization will be manufactured through digital, microfluidic, and 3D printing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia have significant challenges in adhering to and complying with oral medicines, resulting in adverse consequences such as symptom worsening and psychotic relapse. Methods: This study aimed to develop clove oil-based bilosomes using definitive screening design (DSD) to maximize the anti-schizophrenic action of clozapine and promote its nose-to-brain delivery. The target was to optimize the physicochemical properties of bilosomes and incorporate them into mucoadhesive intranasal in situ gels, searching for augmented ex vivo and in vivo clozapine delivery. Results: The bilosomes' particle size was decreased by increasing the span, SDC, and clove oil amounts. In addition to using a high lipid amount, the aforementioned components also helped increase the entrapment efficiency values. Increased zeta potential was only observed by increasing surfactant amount and reducing clozapine concentration. After incorporation of optimized liquid clove oil-based bilosomes, which had a spherical nano-sized vesicular shape, into P 407-dependent gels, an HPMC (2% w/w)/P 407 (20% w/w)-containing formulation (G6) was selected as an optimized gel owing to its acceptable gelation time (13.28 s), gel strength (27.72 s), viscosity (12,766.67 cP), and mucoadhesive strength (4273.93 dyne/cm2). The optimized G6 exhibited higher Jss (50.86 μg/cm2·h−1) through the nasal mucosa compared to the control gel (23.03 μg/cm2·h−1). Compared to the control gel, G6 displayed higher relative bioavailability (491.37%) than a commercial tablet (264.46%). Following ELISA analysis, dopamine and serotonin were significantly reduced, while BDNF was remarkably increased after administration of optimized G6 into schizophrenic rats. Conclusion: Our study indicates the potential of intranasal bilosomal gels in upgrading the anti-schizophrenic and neuroprotective activity of clozapine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore perceived barriers to early diagnosis and management of oral cancer, as well as potential pathways for improvement in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods: This cross‐sectional study used a self‐administered online questionnaire created via the Research Electronic Data Capture platform. The survey was distributed to health professionals trained in Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Dentists with clinical and academic expertise in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and oral cancer. Data obtained were systematically organized and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel. Results: Twenty‐three professionals from 21 LAC countries participated. Major barriers included the limited implementation of OPMD and oral cancer control plans (17.4%), low compulsory reporting for OPMD (8.7%) and oral cancer (34.8%), unclear referral pathways for OPMD (34.8%) and oral cancer (43.5%), and a shortage of trained professionals (8.7%). Participants endorsed the utility of online education (100%) and telemedicine (91.3%). Conclusion: The survey highlights major perceived barriers to early diagnosis and management of OPMD and oral cancer in LAC, as well as potential avenues for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myofibroma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that frequently affects the pediatric population with a predilection for the head and neck region. About 10% of myofibroma cases, presenting atypical features, can be misinterpreted as low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS), with therapeutic and prognostic impact. Here, we report two pediatric cases of benign myofibroblastic tumors, one of them showing typical characteristics of myofibroma, the other was an atypical myofibroma, which initially mimicked low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma. Atypical myofibromas, despite its distinctive characteristics, follow a benign course, similar with typical myofibroma. It is necessary to distinguish atypical myofibroma from low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma and avoid unnecessary invasive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lichen planus (LP) is a representative mucocutaneous disease involving oral mucosa and skin. The aim of this study was to compare the scientometric characteristics of LP publications in stomatology and dermatology journals. All the papers on LP were comprehensively searched and then ones published in stomatology and dermatology journals were retrieved. Among all the 5633 papers on LP, 1344 (23.9%) and 2528 (44.9%) were published in stomatology and dermatology journals, respectively. Among the most-cited top-100 papers, 58 and 30 were published in stomatology and dermatology journals, respectively. Moreover, citation count (11,908) and citation density (640.2) of the 58 stomatology publications were obviously higher than the 2 numbers (5096, 260.3) of the 30 dermatology publications. Based on the frequency of research keywords, the distinctive keywords such as malignant transformation, precancerous, genetics, genotype, gene expression, saliva, blood, cytokines, smoking, anxiety, and depression were identified in stomatology publications. On the other side, hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, erythema, epiluminescence microscopy, and dermoscopy were identified in dermatology publications. Furthermore, drug research including drug withdrawal, drug safety, and drug dose reduction with a dozen of drugs are frequent keywords in dermatology but not in stomatology publications. The distinctive keywords of LP publications in stomatology and dermatology journals correspond to the research priority in stomatology and dermatology. We hope that the observations of this analysis will aid clinicians and investigators in promoting mutual understanding and more reciprocal cooperation regarding LP in stomatology and dermatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental education is moving toward models of education and care that are person‐centered. The purpose of this article is to explore and describe the teaching and patient care model (the attending‐based model) used for the past 50 years in the oral medicine department at one dental education institution. This article briefly discusses how this teaching model promotes person‐centered care and the biopsychosocial model, while highlighting some of the barriers, benefits, and opportunities to wider adoption in dental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) in answering oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) multiple choice questions. A total of 259 questions from the university's question bank were answered by the LLMs (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Llama 2, Gemini, and Copilot). The scores per category as well as the total score out of 259 were recorded and evaluated, with the passing score set at 50%. The mean overall score amongst all LLMs was 62.5%. GPT-4 performed the best (76.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 71.4–82.2%), followed by Copilot (72.6%, 95% CI 67.2–78.0%), GPT-3.5 (62.2%, 95% CI 56.4–68.0%), Gemini (58.7%, 95% CI 52.9–64.5%), and Llama 2 (42.5%, 95% CI 37.1–48.6%). There was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the five LLMs overall (χ2 = 79.9, df = 4, P < 0.001) and within all categories except 'basic sciences' (P = 0.129), 'dentoalveolar and implant surgery' (P = 0.052), and 'oral medicine/pathology/radiology' (P = 0.801). The LLMs performed best in 'basic sciences' (68.9%) and poorest in 'pharmacology' (45.9%). The LLMs can be used as adjuncts in teaching, but should not be used for clinical decision-making until the models are further developed and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have shown an association between playing wind instruments and their impact on the orofacial system. However, they have not fully evaluated all aspects of the topic, leaving a gap in the overall understanding. Methods: A thorough search of the National Library of Medicine database was conducted using our research strategy, resulting in the identification of relevant studies. An expert perspective was obtained by conducting two in-depth expert interviews with a professor of horn-playing and a specialised dentist. Results: Thirty-seven relevant publications were included in the traditional literature review. The most common diseases among professional wind instrumentalists include the lip area, temporomandibular joint, oral mucosa, respiratory system, oral allergic reactions, and orofacial trauma. Special measures, preventive measures, and expert opinions were utilised to address and overcome the associated orofacial problems. Conclusions: Wind instruments affect the oral health and tooth movement of professional instrumentalists, and dentists should consider the impact of dental changes on embouchure and performance. Dental impressions and three-dimensional intra-oral scans are important for reconstruction. This research highlights the need for specialised dental care for professional wind instrumentalists, and further studies are necessary to fully explore this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a major public health challenge worldwide, affecting both classes, sex and ages. The WHO estimates that 700,000 people die from this condition worldwide. With the onset of the pandemic, they believe that these numbers have increased, affecting mainly the most vulnerable. The ingestion of caustic substances is one of the most used means in suicides with significant damage to the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, in which the dental surgeon is the professional who must provide care for the treatment and oral rehabilitation in these cases. Thus, due to the scarcity of studies, we aim to report two cases of attempted self-extermination with the ingestion of caustic substances that caused great damage to the oral cavity and the care carried out in the intensive care unit, using oral care protocols associated with photobiomodulation with expressive results. We carried out the treatment in the intensive care unit with photobiomodulation, using low-power laser therapy, obtaining significant responses with an average time of four sessions of application of the protocol. We believe that because these are cases of high complexity and high mortality and morbidity rates, the presence of well-defined and applied protocols provides benefits to these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the impact of environmental pollution on the quality and viability of dental stem cells (DSCs) from impacted third molars. By comparing DSCs from patients in industrial areas with high air pollution and those from non-industrial regions, the research assesses the adverse effects of heavy metals on stem cell proliferation. Methods: Impacted lower third molars were collected from 28 patients—10 from industrial and 18 from non-industrial areas. Patients were divided into two age groups: 18–27 years and 28–38 years old. Dental pulp was extracted under sterile conditions, and DSCs were isolated and cultured. Heavy metal concentrations in dental tissues were measured using atomic absorption/emission spectrometry. Results: The study found significantly higher concentrations of copper and lead in the dental tissues of patients in industrial areas. Cell viability was lower in samples from these areas, with a statistically significant difference in average doubling time and the number of cells obtained after the first passage. There was no significant impact of gender on heavy metal content, except for higher iron levels in men. Conclusions: Exposure to industrial pollutants negatively affects the viability and proliferation of DSCs, but there are no differences in differentiation in the osteogenic medium regarding cell mineralization. These studies highlight the importance of environmental factors for oral health, suggesting that residents of polluted areas may face greater difficulties in dental and regenerative treatments. Further research is needed to develop strategies to mitigate the effects and improve clinical outcomes for affected populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives Methods Results Conclusion The relationship of somatisation with facial pain duration/intensity, pain‐related interference/disability and psychological distress was investigated in East Asian temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Correlations between somatisation, facial pain and psychological characteristics were also explored alongside the demographic/physical factors associated with moderate‐to‐severe depression and anxiety.Anonymised data were acquired from records of consecutive ‘first‐time’ patients seeking TMD care at a tertiary oral medicine clinic. Axis I physical TMD diagnoses were established utilising the diagnostic criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) protocol and patients with TMD pain were stratified into those with pain‐related (PT) and combined (CT) conditions. Axis II measures administered encompassed the Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15), Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and General Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7 (GAD‐7). Individuals with PT and CT were further categorised into those without (Pain − Som/Comb − Som) and with somatisation (Pain + Som/Comb + Som). Statistical evaluations were performed with nonparametric and logistic regression analyses (α = 0.05).The final sample comprised 473 patients (mean age 36.2 ± 14.8 years; 68.9% women), of which 52.0% had concomitant somatisation. Significant differences in pain duration (Comb + Som > Pain − Som), pain‐related interference/disability (Comb + Som > Comb − Som) and depression/anxiety (Pain + Som, Comb + Som > Pain − Som, Comb − Som) were discerned. Depression/anxiety was moderately correlated with somatisation (rs = 0.64/0.52) but not facial pain characteristics. Multivariate modelling revealed that somatisation was significantly associated with the prospects of moderate‐to‐severe depression (OR 1.35) and anxiety (OR 1.24).Somatisation exhibited a strong association with psychological distress when contrasted with facial pain in East Asian TMD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methodology Results Conclusions To evaluate the agreement between six currently available periapical radiography‐based methods for measuring the root canal curvatures in mesial roots of mandibular first molars, assessed by two examiners with different proficiency levels.Non‐endodontically treated mesial roots of 41 human mandibular first molars were radiographed using the parallelling technique. Two independent observers (a specialist in endodontics and radiology and a final‐year dental student) assessed their root canal curvature using the methodologies described by Schneider (1971, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 32, 271), Weine (1982, Endodontic therapy), Berbert and Nishiyama (1994, Revista Gaúcha de Odontología, 356), Luiten et al. (1995, Journal of Endodontics, 21, 26), Hankins and ElDeeb (1996, Journal of Endodontics, 22, 123) and Pettiette et al. (1999, Journal of Endodontics, 25, 230). Intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The differences in curvature angle measured by the different methods were compared using the one‐way anova for repeated measures test, followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis. The effect was calculated using the Cohen's d method. To determine the agreement between methods, the Bland–Altman analysis was used. The significance level was set at 5%.Agreement for the observers was excellent (>0.81) for the six methods considered. For the angle comparisons between methods, the maximum differences were for Schneider versus Weine (35.77°) and Luiten versus Hankins (35.14°), whilst the highest percentage of angles with a difference >10° were Weine versus Luiten and Berbert versus Pettiette (90%) and the comparison Weine versus Hankins presented with the lowest frequency (15%). Excellent agreement was found for five comparisons: Weine versus Luiten (0.940), Berbert versus Pettiette (0.917), Weine versus Pettiette (0.907), Luiten versus Pettiette (0.904) and Berbert versus Luiten (0.812). Compared to Schneider's method, the other methods showed a tendency of increasing difference as the angles became more acute. The other methods exhibited linear differences, remaining constant for smaller and larger angles.Reliability was excellent for all methods assessed separately. Maximum differences in curvature angles were found when comparing Schneider versus Weine and Luiten versus Hankins. Excellent agreement was found for Weine versus Luiten, Berbert versus Pettiette, Weine versus Pettiette, Luiten versus Pettiette and Berbert versus Luiten. In the presence of dilacerations, the method by Schneider was less sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main task of dental schools is to prepare professional dentists with a high social responsibility. This study provided some practical suggestions from experts regarding desirable clinical settings, in order to establish an infrastructure for practical studies in Endodontics, Periodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Restorative Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Prosthodontics, Oral Health, and Social Dentistry. Methods: This research was conducted using a modified Delphi technique in two rounds. The first round involved qualitative content analysis. Participants in interviews were selected purposeful and maximum diversity across the country. To determine the validity and reliability of the data, the four axes proposed by Lichon and Guba were utilized. The second round involved a researcher-made questionnaire, which consisted of 55 questions. This questionnaire was distributed to all dental schools across the country. The validity of the questionnaire were evaluated and by experts and then reviewed. The reliability of the tool was determined to be 0.96 using the alpha coefficient method. Results: The final codes from the interviews of the first round were divided into two categories: settings and educational programs. The final results of research were placed into 2 section: educational settings and instructors, and educational infrastructures. 70% participants agreed to use the college's clinical morning sessions. More than 80% agreed to start up a main clinic with the proposed structure and professors. The use of the hospitalization area also had an agreement of more than 80%. Additionally, community areas such as health service centers, welfare centers, special patient centers, factories, schools, etc. obtained an agreement of over 70%. Conclusions: The results of this study are presented in the form of suggestions for improving the general dentistry program in relation to educational setting, educators, and educational infrastructures. The common agreement among participants regarding educational settings and their diversity, educational programs, and desired instructors reviewed in the research shows the necessity of reviewing and changing their educational programs in Endodontics, Periodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Restorative Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Prosthodontics, Oral Health, and Social Dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To change the current situation that immune molecules presented only by schematic diagram or static model in the textbook of Medical Immunology, and to present the specific and vivid molecular morphology and functions to students. And set up corresponding elective course to let students personally explore the structure and function of immune molecules. Methods: On one hand, the teaching team applied the molecular simulation technology of scientific research to the production of teaching materials for the specific morphology, structural characteristics and functions of immune molecules, which were used in the teaching of medical immunology for medical undergraduates majoring in clinical, oral and preventive medicine. On the other hand, a related elective course research on the love of molecule was opened to give students the opportunity to operate relevant software by themselves and learn the structure and function of immune molecules. Results: The application of molecular simulation in teaching improved teachers' teaching ability, strengthened teachers' immunology knowledge, enhanced the interaction between teachers and students, and achieved good teaching results. Conclusion: It is feasible to apply molecular simulation technology to medical immunology teaching for undergraduates, which can improve the teaching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Taking advantage of the broad coverage of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), we developed a Content Management System (CMS)-programmed mobile learning application. This application can help the undergraduate to obtain a comprehensive understanding of concepts in Cleft lip and palate Phenotype, and Embryonic development (CPE). The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the concept acquisition teaching model on the basis of WAP in a practical undergraduate course of CPE. Design: The concept acquisition teaching model based on WAP was programmed by CMS, covering definitions of various cleft lip and palate, the mechanisms underlying the phenotypes, practical medical cases, as well as corresponding tests after learning. Setting: The CPE concept acquisition teaching model was distributed to a total of 524 undergraduate students and 46 tutors participated in CPE teaching from seven highly ranked schools of stomatology in China since April 2022. Participants: 524 undergraduate students and 46 tutors from seven highly ranked schools of stomatology in China. Interventions: The CPE concept acquisition teaching model. Main outcome measures: The effectiveness of the CPE teaching model. Results: The response rate to the survey was 100%. The grading of the questionnaires indicated that the students were satisfied with the usability, practicality, and outcome, whereas the tutors were more positive with the contents, cooperation, and outcome. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of the WAP-based concept acquisition teaching model of CPE and a high level of satisfaction among undergraduate students and tutors who major in Stomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis to discover what topics of dental YouTube videos have been investigated by the scientific literature, and evaluate how video characteristics were related to citation count. The Scopus electronic literature database was accessed to identify relevant papers. After screening, a total of 128 papers entered the analysis. The bibliographic data were provided by Scopus, whereas content evaluations were manually performed. Most papers evaluated videos recorded in English (85.9%). Each of the 128 papers analyzed a mean (±SD) of 79.2 ± 61.6 videos. Mean journal impact factor was 1.8 ± 1.4, and mean citation count was 13.0 ± 22.4. The preference for publication of papers was inclined towards dental journals (80.5%), with the majority (54.7%) being published without open access. Papers dealing with videos targeting patients/public had higher citations than those targeting dental professionals only (14.1 ± 23.4 vs. 4.0 ± 6.3, p < 0.001). The most represented as well as the most highly cited specialty of the dental YouTube publications was oral and maxillofacial surgery/oral medicine. Some twin or triplet studies published in the same year covering the same topic were identified, but they often covered a different number of videos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is about Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology or additive manufacturing which is an advanced technology developed during the late 20th century that involves construction of a threedimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. In recent times, rapid advancements in the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, precise and customised manufacturing has been achieving gradual, benefitting biomedical application, especially in stomatology clinical practice. It has been broadly connected to the areas of prosthodontics, orthodontics, and maxillofacial surgery strategies, giving exact, proficient operation and promising treatment results. Recently the 3D printing industry has made huge strides in medical devices, implant materials, and cell printing by lowering manufacturing costs while improving printing accuracy and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of difficult-to-control mycosis fungoides (MF), where the role of the dental surgeon was crucial for the control and prognosis of the disease. A 62-year-old female patient diagnosed with MF had a previous record of red patches and small raised bumps on the face, along with a cancerous growth in the cervical and vulvar region. The patient was initially treated with methotrexate and local radiotherapy without resolution. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone was then started (CHOP protocol). The dental team of a reference hospital was consulted to evaluate swelling in the anterior region of the palate, which had been developing for two months, reporting discomfort when eating. The role of the dentistry team was fundamental in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions with dental infections, second neoplasia, or even a new site of disease manifestation, in addition to controlling mucosal changes resulting from chemotherapy. After ruling out dental infection, the dentistry team performed a lesion biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis showed atypical lymphoid infiltration of T cells (CD3+/CD4+/CD7-/CD8-), coexpression of CD25, and presence of CD30 cells, corresponding to the finding for MF. Identifying CD30 + allowed for a new chemotherapy protocol with brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with gemcitabine. This protocol effectively controlled MF, which previous protocols had failed to do. The diagnosis by the dental team was essential for therapeutic change and improvement of the patient's clinical condition without the need for invasive medical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The deformation of oral and maxillofacial region leads to not only the damage of morphology and function, but also a series of aesthetic and psychological problems, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. Oral tissue engineering refers to developing biomaterials for repair or regeneration, with the application of tissue engineering technologies. This has become an area of increasing prominence. Current biologically inert materials are insufficient to fulfill clinical requirements. Therefore, tissue-engineered biomaterials with bioactive, even bionic properties are desperately needed. Main body The complexity of the anatomy and the diversity of tissue types of oral and maxillofacial region pose great challenges to the regeneration, in the aspects of both biomaterials and manufacturing technologies. Biomaterials in clinical practice or research have evolved from natural materials to synthetic materials, from homogeneous materials to multiple composite materials. And now composite materials have increasingly demonstrated their advantages in terms of physicochemical and biological properties over conventional materials. In terms of manufacturing, traditional coating, sintering, and milling technologies can no longer satisfy the requirements for high-precision bionic structures of oral-tissue-engineering biomaterials. Scientists have turned to biofabrication technologies such as microfluidics and additive manufacturing. Short conclusion This review aims to summarize the noteworthy advancements made in biomaterials of oral tissue engineering. We outlined the current biomaterials and manufacturing technologies and focused on various applications of these materials that may be connected to clinical treatment and research. We also suggested the future direction of development for biomaterials in oral tissue engineering. In future, biomaterials characterized by precision, functionalization, and individualization will be manufactured through digital, microfluidic, and 3D printing technologies. Graphical abstract

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) when combined with computed tomography (CT) offers an accurate extent of disease and provides additional information regarding nodal and distant metastases. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PET in head and neck cancers among oral physicians in south India. Methodology: It was a web-based cross-sectional survey done with a customized questionnaire among dentists with postgraduate specialization in oral medicine and radiology in southern parts of India. The response rate was 75%. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.6 years, and the mean years of their clinical experience were 10.3. Almost 95% were aware that PET CT helps in detecting distant metastases, 82% of them knew that PET CT helps in assessing treatment response and in detecting recurrence. 62% were uncertain about the actual need for a PET CT scan. About 74.1% of the physicians strongly wanted to include the imaging procedures and interpretations in the postgraduate curriculum. Conclusion: This study leads to recommendations to add PET CT procedures and interpretations to the postgraduate curriculum and to conduct workshops at the annual conferences of the specialty to help update their knowledge in this field.

Abstract Background Teledentistry is applied in oral medicine to help dental practitioners and specialists manage complex oral conditions. This scoping review aims to synthesize the available evidence regarding the technical requirements and the provision of security services, as well as the recommendations on standard oral cavity photography methods for using teledentistry in oral medicine. Method The present scoping review was conducted in 2022 according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual. Four databases were systematically searched, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, from January 1999 to December 2021. After finalizing the search strategy, all the original articles, reviews, editorials, letters, comments, and book chapters were included. All the dissertations uploaded in English with a full-text electronic file were also included to achieve a comprehensive picture of the available literature. Two types of analysis were applied: the quantitative descriptive analysis applying Excel 2016 and the qualitative thematic analysis using MAXQDA version 10. Results The included papers were published during 1999–2021. Most of the included articles were from Brazil (n = 9, 21.43%), India (n = 6, 14.28%), the USA (n = 6, 14.28%), and the UK (n = 5, 11.90%). Social media usage as a teledentistry platform increased considerably between 2019 and 2021. Teledentistry platforms have been classified into four categories, including email, telephone, social network applications (WhatsApp, zoom, Google Meeting, Instagram, line Application, Viber, and Messenger), and teledentistry systems (teledentistry systems, which were designed specially to perform a teledentistry project). Teledentistry has been conducted to store and forward (n = 15, 30.71%), real-time (n = 9, 21.43%), or both (n = 12, 35.71%). According to the thematic results, basic technical requirements have been categorized into four, including teledentistry platform, type of interactions, internet connection, and photography tool. Other thematic results demonstrate seven categories of recommendations, including general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of a mobile phone camera, photo sending requirements, and photo visualization. Conclusion According to the results, over the past 7 years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, social network applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom have been used more frequently. Also, photography recommendations with a mobile phone camera depend on several factors such as general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of the mobile phone camera, and photo-sending requirements. Given the increased use of mobile cameras for oral photography, these recommendations can help improve the quality of images and subsequently improve the reliability of clinical decision-making in managing patients' conditions.

Abstract Background Oral semaglutide in older subjects with type 2 diabetes was as effective as in younger subjects, according to phase 3 clinical trials. However, its efficacy can be limited in very aged population, due to the presence of impaired cognitive function and the complex instructions for its use. Here, we investigated its efficacy and safety by further age bracket in older subjects in real-world. Methods We retrospectively studied subjects > 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes who started oral semaglutide treatment. The primary outcome was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over 6 months. Adverse events and cognitive function were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale-revised (HDS-R). The achievement rate of glycemic targets was evaluated based on the age, health status of subjects and their use of anti-diabetic agents which can cause hypoglycemia, with additional analysis between two subgroups; early (65–74) versus late (≥ 75) older. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationships between their improvements in HbA1c and the baseline characteristics of the subjects, including their cognitive function and insulin secretory capacity. Results We studied the efficacy of the drug in 24 subjects. Their HbA1c and body weight significantly decreased (− 13.1 ± 7.5 mmol/mol and − 3.0 ± 2.4 kg, respectively; P

Introduction: oral mucosa lesions (OML) are any abnormal variations in appearance, color, texture, swelling, or loss of integrity of the oral mucosa. The worldwide prevalence varies from 4.9 % to 64.7 %. This study aimed to determine the frequency of oral lesions in patients who consult the Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out using a structured instrument with sociodemographic, clinical, and habit variables and systematic clinical examination according to the WHO. Statistical analysis was univariate and bivariate, calculating the average and standard deviation for the age variable and absolute and relative frequencies for each sociodemographic and clinical variable. Chi-square tests were done for differences in proportions. Results: 539 patients, the average age was 35.2 years (SD=23.5 years). The frequency of patients with oral lesions was 75.9 % (409). Statistically significant differences were found between the number of lesions and age, use, and type of appliances. Orthodontic appliances were the most common cause of injury (43.1 %). The most frequent lesions were traumatic (68.2 %), followed by vascular (22 %), exfoliative cheilitis (20 %), infectious (17.1 %), and reactive (5.13 %). Conclusions: the prevalence of OML in this population is high, with women mainly affected. The study highlights the importance of making a systematic clinical examination and correlating the findings with the patient's history to establish a diagnosis, prognosis, and appropriate treatment.

This document is a reference list and author contributions for a case report titled "Gingival ulcer in a patient with psoriatic arthritis." The case involved a 70-year-old woman with psoriatic arthritis who developed a symptomatic gingival ulcer while being treated with methotrexate and risedronate sodium. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was determined to be Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU). The ulcer resolved after 30 days of follow-up, and tooth #27 was extracted due to extreme mobility after the biopsy. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose and the patient provided written informed consent for publication. [Extracted from the article]

As a relatively new tool, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and dentistry has the potential to significantly transform the healthcare sector. AI has already demonstrated efficacy in medical diagnosis across several specialties, used successfully to detect breast, lung and skin cancer. In Oral Medicine, AI may be applied in a similar fashion, used in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancers and oral potentially malignant diseases. Despite its promise as a transformative diagnostic aid, the use of AI in healthcare presents significant safety, reliability and ethical concerns. There is no formal consensus on the safe and ethical implementation of AI systems in healthcare settings, but the literature converges on several key principles of ethical AI use including transparency, justice and fairness, non‐maleficence, responsibility and privacy. This article provides a narrative review of the key ethical issues surrounding AI use in medicine, and reflects on these, providing view‐points of a bioethicist and Oral Medicine clinicians from several units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusion To analyze gender inequities and trends in the authorship of articles published in high‐impact factor journals of the field of Oral Medicine and Pathology.The gender and country of first and last authors were retrieved from original articles published between 2000 and 2022. Poisson regression models and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were performed.A total of 6595 studies were analyzed for first authorship, and 6627 for last authorship. Only 39.2% (CI 95% 38.0–40.3) of the first authors and 24.1% (CI 95% 23.1–25.1) of the last authors were females. Females consistently faced underrepresentation throughout the 23‐year evaluation. The only region where female first authors are not a minority is Latin America. Having a female as the last author increased the prevalence of females in the first author position by 42% (PR = 1.42, CI 95% [1.30–1.54]). The most important discriminant variable by CART was the first author region.Although a slight decrease in underrepresentation was noted over the period, after 2020, the gender gap tended to widen for both first and last authors. It is crucial to implement measures aimed at attracting, retaining, and advancing women in the field of science, while also actively monitoring advancements toward achieving gender equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulp stones are a type of pulp calcification, the presence of which tends to hinder endodontic treatment. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to analyze the distribution of pulp stones in the population in southwest China and identify the influencing factors. Materials: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 5066 teeth of 200 patients (91 males and 109 females) aged 16–45 years were evaluated. Pulp stones were marked as either present or absent when distinct radiopaque masses were found in the pulp cavity, then evaluated the occurrence of pulp stones with regard to tooth type, sex, age group, and contact it with tooth status. The Pearson chi-square test and nonparametric test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Pulp stones were detected in 49.0% of patients and 7.4% of teeth, respectively. The incidence in females was 1.9 times higher than in males (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.3, p = 0.001). Pulp stones were most prevalent in patients 36–45 years of age. Furthermore, in the age range of 16–45 years, the likelihood of finding pulp stones increased 1.1 times per year with age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.1, p = 0.032). A higher incidence of pulp stones was observed in the maxilla and molars. Of the 5066 teeth studied, pulp stones were more common in non-intact teeth. Conclusion: Nearly half of the population in southwest China had pulp stones. Pulp stones were found significantly more often in females, maxilla, and non-intact teeth, and their frequency increased with age. For dentists, understanding the distribution of pulp stones is crucial for the proper design of root canal treatment (RCT). Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University (certificate number: 20220818001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teledentistry is applied in oral medicine to help dental practitioners and specialists manage complex oral conditions. This scoping review aims to synthesize the available evidence regarding the technical requirements and the provision of security services, as well as the recommendations on standard oral cavity photography methods for using teledentistry in oral medicine. Method: The present scoping review was conducted in 2022 according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual. Four databases were systematically searched, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, from January 1999 to December 2021. After finalizing the search strategy, all the original articles, reviews, editorials, letters, comments, and book chapters were included. All the dissertations uploaded in English with a full-text electronic file were also included to achieve a comprehensive picture of the available literature. Two types of analysis were applied: the quantitative descriptive analysis applying Excel 2016 and the qualitative thematic analysis using MAXQDA version 10. Results: The included papers were published during 1999–2021. Most of the included articles were from Brazil (n = 9, 21.43%), India (n = 6, 14.28%), the USA (n = 6, 14.28%), and the UK (n = 5, 11.90%). Social media usage as a teledentistry platform increased considerably between 2019 and 2021. Teledentistry platforms have been classified into four categories, including email, telephone, social network applications (WhatsApp, zoom, Google Meeting, Instagram, line Application, Viber, and Messenger), and teledentistry systems (teledentistry systems, which were designed specially to perform a teledentistry project). Teledentistry has been conducted to store and forward (n = 15, 30.71%), real-time (n = 9, 21.43%), or both (n = 12, 35.71%). According to the thematic results, basic technical requirements have been categorized into four, including teledentistry platform, type of interactions, internet connection, and photography tool. Other thematic results demonstrate seven categories of recommendations, including general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of a mobile phone camera, photo sending requirements, and photo visualization. Conclusion: According to the results, over the past 7 years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, social network applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom have been used more frequently. Also, photography recommendations with a mobile phone camera depend on several factors such as general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of the mobile phone camera, and photo-sending requirements. Given the increased use of mobile cameras for oral photography, these recommendations can help improve the quality of images and subsequently improve the reliability of clinical decision-making in managing patients' conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the clinical profile of geriatric emergencies presenting to the emergency department. Material And Methods: This study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Rajmata Vijaya Raje Scindia Government Medical College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan among patients aged >65 years who presented to the Emergency Department of the Hospital, both males and females, and had given written informed consent, were included in the study. Details of history and physical examination findings of all the patients were recorded on a standard data collection sheet. Diagnosis was made based on the clinical history, vitals, systemic examination, and the initial and/ or relevant investigations. Data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software version 24. Results: The maximum participants belonged to the age group of 65-70 years (53.5%).Most common symptom was shortness of breath (37%), followed by fever (23.5%). Most common cause was respiratory (33.5%) followed by metabolic (14%), cardiovascular (13.5%) and neurological (12.5%) and infectious (12.5%), followed by gastrointestinal (7%), and then trauma (6%). Among 200 patients, 58% patients required Hospital Admission (ICU or Ward), 27% went back home from the ED itself on oral medicines, and 15 % patients suffered death. Conclusion: Respiratory Emergencies were the most common, followed by Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Neurological and Infectious, Gastrointestinal, Trauma and minor causes included Renal, Genitourinary, Anaphylactic and Neoplasm. ED of India should be aware of this demographic profile, and should be sensitised to it. ED should consider taking on the role of a tertiary injury prevention centre, and provide opportunistic screening for the at-risk elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases. Specifically, the study aimed to determine how treatment affects the changes in the quality of life of these patients. Methods: This descriptive study involved 220 patients diagnosed with chronic oral mucosal lesions. Data were collected using the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire, validated for use in Persian/Farsi. The study population was selected through convenience sampling. Data analysis employed descriptive statistical methods, including frequency and percentage distribution tables, graphs, measures of central tendency, and dispersion. Additionally, confidence intervals were utilized for the studied ratios and indices. Results: Among the study population, 129 (58.6%) were male and 91 (41.4%) were female. The mean quality of life, as assessed by the utilized questionnaire, was 61.9 ± 13.2. The results indicated that females and unemployed individuals reported lower quality of life compared to males and employed individuals, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the population studied the quality of life of patients with chronic mucous membrane diseases was influenced by various factors, including gender, income, employment, and place of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral semaglutide in older subjects with type 2 diabetes was as effective as in younger subjects, according to phase 3 clinical trials. However, its efficacy can be limited in very aged population, due to the presence of impaired cognitive function and the complex instructions for its use. Here, we investigated its efficacy and safety by further age bracket in older subjects in real-world. Methods: We retrospectively studied subjects > 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes who started oral semaglutide treatment. The primary outcome was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over 6 months. Adverse events and cognitive function were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale-revised (HDS-R). The achievement rate of glycemic targets was evaluated based on the age, health status of subjects and their use of anti-diabetic agents which can cause hypoglycemia, with additional analysis between two subgroups; early (65–74) versus late (≥ 75) older. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationships between their improvements in HbA1c and the baseline characteristics of the subjects, including their cognitive function and insulin secretory capacity. Results: We studied the efficacy of the drug in 24 subjects. Their HbA1c and body weight significantly decreased (− 13.1 ± 7.5 mmol/mol and − 3.0 ± 2.4 kg, respectively; P < 0.01). Although cognitive function was lower in the late older group (r = −0.57, P < 0.01), changes in HbA1c showed no difference between the two subgroups (P = 0.66) and it correlated with the insulin secretory capacity rather than cognitive function (r = −0.49, P < 0.05). Glycemic targets were more likely to be achieved (P < 0.01), but HbA1c excessively decreased in late older subjects who were also using insulin or an insulin secretagogue. The frequency of adverse events was similar to that in the clinical trial, whereas discontinuation of medication were more frequent among the late older subjects (Early; n = 2, Late; n = 4). Conclusions: Oral semaglutide improves the glycemic control of older subjects, but it might be a risk for potential hypoglycemia and discontinuation because of adverse events in subjects of ≥ 75 years. Attention should be paid to insulin secretory capacity and concomitant medications rather than concern about adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study of a 17-year-old female with a swelling in the upper front tooth region. The patient had a history of trauma to the area and clinical examination revealed a well-defined swelling with missing teeth and fractures. The patient underwent imaging and biopsy, leading to a diagnosis of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor arising from a Dentigerous Cyst. The article discusses the characteristics and origins of this tumor and emphasizes the importance of thorough investigation for accurate diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The methodological preparation of academic directive of the Main Integrative Discipline Integral Stomatology is essential to achieve an educational process with quality, when contributing the integral formation of the graduate. Objective: To design an instrument for the evaluation of the methodological preparation of the academic directive of the Main Integrative Discipline Integral Stomatology. Methods: A descriptive, traverse, observational study was carried out in the Stomatology Faculty, University of Medical Sciences of Santiago from Cuba, from January to May 2023. For the design of the instrument dimensions and indicators were selected according to pedagogic, methodological investigative and managerial approaches; the proposal underwent consideration of a group of experts that completed the inclusion requirements and evaluated it through a Likert scale with three alternatives: very good agreement, in agreement and in disagreement. Theoretical: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction; empiric: documental revision, and statistical: percentage like summary measure methods were used. Results: The instrument proposed had three dimensions and 18 indicators; 61,1 % of the experts was very of agreement with the proposal. Conclusions: The instrument designed to evaluate the methodological preparation of the academic directive of the Main Integrative Discipline Integral Stomatology is useful, novel, of easy application, that obtained an evaluation of very good agreement in more than half of the experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the formation of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of the arteries, causing them to narrow. If this occurs in the coronary arteries, the blood vessels may be completely blocked, resulting in myocardial infarction; if it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain, the blood vessels may be blocked, resulting in cerebral infarction, i.e., stroke. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves the processes of inflammation, lipid infiltration, oxidative stress, and endothelial damage, etc. SIRT, as a key factor regulating the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging, has an important impact on the pathogenesis of plaque formation, progression, and vulnerability. Statistics show that AS accounts for about 50 per cent of deaths in Western countries. Currently, oral medication is the mainstay of AS treatment, but its development is limited by side effects, low bioavailability and other unfavourable factors. In recent years, with the rapid development of nano-preparations, researchers have combined statins and natural product drugs within nanopreparations to improve their bioavailability. Based on this, this paper summarises the main pathogenesis of AS and also proposes new oral nanoformulations such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanocapsules to improve their application in the treatment of AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This paper addresses the complex diagnostic challenges of pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa, ranging from benign to potentially malignant conditions. Our study provides a narrative review with a clinical case overview to guide clinicians in differentiating these lesions. By classifying pigmented lesions based on clinical and histological features, we emphasize the need for a structured approach to diagnosis. The study incorporates a retrospective analysis of cases from our oral medicine experience, utilizing clinical pictures and relevant histology. Our findings aim to enhance early and precise diagnosis, improving patient management and outcomes in dental and medical practice. This paper examines the clinical differentiation of pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa, which poses significant diagnostic challenges across dental and medical disciplines due to their spectrum from benign to potentially malignant conditions. Through a literature review and analysis of clinical cases, this study clarifies current diagnostic methodologies, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, to provide a practical guide for clinicians. The classification of pigmented lesions, such as endogenous, focal melanocytic, and multifocal pigmentation, based on clinical and histological features, highlights the necessity for a structured and informed approach. A retrospective examination of cases from our oral medicine and pathology clinic, coupled with analysis of photographic and histological records, aids in classifying these lesions. This fosters a better understanding and promotes informed discussions among clinicians, ultimately aiming to enhance early and precise diagnosis, thus improving patient management and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Educational promotion requires improved designing and enhancement of the quality of education. The present study aimed to compare the oral and maxillofacial medicine course in the undergraduate dental curriculum of Iran and some other countries. Material & Methods: In this descriptive comparative study, some dental schools were selected from the United States, Canada, Australia, and Switzerland (one from each country) according to the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranking. All topics related to oral tissue and systemic diseases with oral manifestations were extracted from the content of the courses offered in the respective dental schools. Additionally, all mentioned topics were gathered from nationwide curricula of dental schools in Iran and the UK. The collected data were analyzed based on Bereday's comparative method in the following four steps: description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. Results: The collected data from each curriculum (description) were analyzed (interpretation), tabulated (juxtaposition), and compared (comparison) to find the similarities and differences. The highest similarity was found in sequence of offered courses between Iran and Pennsylvania dental schools. Differences were mainly related to the sequence of chapter titles in different courses and method of instruction. The Australia's Queensland dental school had the highest difference with Iran's curriculum since it does not offer an independent course on oral medicine. Additionally, Iran and Australia's Queensland dental schools do not have a free discussion course on clinical scenarios. Conclusion: The method of instruction and diversity of the taught topics are responsible for the differences in educational curricula of different countries regarding the oral medicine course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Bibliometric analysis is a critical indicator of the influence and relevance of scientific papers, whilst also highlighting key contributors and gaps in knowledge in a scientific field.To update and analyse the 100 most‐cited papers in regenerative endodontics from 2019 to 2023.A search of the most‐cited recent papers focusing on regenerative endodontics using journals included in the category, ‘Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine’, in the Clarivate Web of Science database from 2019 to 2023 was performed. Three researchers conducted the study selection and data extraction. Data extraction included publication title and year, authors, number and mean number of citations, institution, country and continent, study design, journal title, keywords and research topic. Citation counts were also collected in Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Graphical bibliometric networks were created using VOSviewer software.The number of citations of the 100 most‐cited articles ranged from 6 to 85. Most were published in 2020 (n = 48), principally in the Journal of Endodontics (47%), followed by International Endodontic Journal (13%), Journal of Dental Research (6%) and Dental Materials (6%). Laboratory study was the most common study design amongst the included papers (n = 47), followed by narrative reviews (n = 17) and observational studies (n = 16). The most frequent first author on the top three most‐cited papers was Hacer Aksel, whilst Adham A. Azim (n = 6; 89 citations) contributed most to the top 100 articles. The institution from which most articles originated was the University of Hong Kong (China) (n = 5; 81 citations), whereas the corresponding authors were predominantly from the United States of America (USA) (n = 31; 560 citations). The VOSviewer map of co‐authorship demonstrated research collaborative clusters. ‘Regenerative endodontics’ and ‘stem‐cells’ were the most employed keywords (37 and 36 occurrences respectively).The current study was designed not only to showcase the most influential papers in regenerative endodontics since 2019 but also to provide a better understanding of global research in this area over the last five years.This bibliometric analysis highlighted papers, authors, institutions and keywords in regenerative endodontics. The 100 most‐cited papers primarily consisted of laboratory studies published in the USA, focusing on evaluating biomaterials and scaffold design strategies in contact with stem cells. Clinical studies and systematic reviews representing higher levels of scientific evidence are currently not the most influential in the regenerative endodontic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the influence of diagnosis and referral provided by specialists in oral diagnosis on disease‐free survival and overall survival of patients with oral cancer. Methods: A cohort of 282 patients with oral cancer treated at a regional cancer hospital from 1998 to 2016 was analyzed retrospectively. The referral register of the patients was analyzed and assigned to two groups: (1) those referred by oral diagnosis specialists (n = 129), or (2) those referred by nonspecialized professionals (n = 153). The cancer treatment evolution was assessed from the patients' records, and the outcome was registered concerning cancer recurrence and death. Sociodemographic and clinicopathological variables were explored as predictors of disease‐free survival and overall survival. Results: Group 1 exhibited lower T stages and a reduced incidence of regional and distant metastases. Surgery was performed in 75.2% of cases in Group 1, while in Group 2, the rate was 60.8%. Advanced T stages and regional metastases reduced the feasibility of surgery. Higher TNM stages and tumor recurrence were associated with decreased disease‐free survival, while surgical intervention was a protective factor. Higher TNM stage had a negative impact on the overall survival. Conclusion: Specialized oral diagnosis did not directly impact disease‐free survival and overall survival and did not influence the indication of surgery in oral cancer; however, it was associated with the diagnosis of early tumors and better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saliva is a liquid in the oral cavity that has an important role. Decreased secretion and increased salivary viscosity occur physiologically as a result of changes and decreased function of the salivary glands in the aging process. Changes in salivary secretion patterns and viscosity in the elderly in various age groups are thought to be related to the occurrence of xerostomia in the elderly. This research was a descriptive analytic research. The research subjects were elderly patients at the Oral Medicine department. The research subjects were divided into three age groups, namely 45-59 years, 60-69 years and over 70 years. Respondent's saliva was collected using the drooling method. Saliva was collected every minute for 5 minutes to measure salivary secretion.The salivary viscosity is measured by Ostwald viscometer, and anamnesis, intra oral examination for xerostomia. Data analysis used the One Way Anova test and was continued with Duncan's Post Hoc Test to determine the differences between each age group and analyzed with a mean plot to find the average between groups Based on the results of the One Way ANOVA test with P<0.05, there were significant differences in salivary secretion (P=0.004) and viscosity (P=0.002). Salivary secretion and viscosity are related to complaints of xerostomia in the elderly. The highest decrease in saliva secretion occurred between the ages of 60-69 years, accompanied by 69% of symptoms of xerostomia. The highest increase in viscosity occurred at age ≥70 accompanied by 100% xerostomia symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]