Search

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social skills are a set of learned behaviors that allow us to communicate more assertively and develop constructive interpersonal relationships, while optimism is the tendency to think about the possibility of achieving beneficial results in the future and helps as a motivator to face problems. The objectives of this research were to determine the relationship between social skills and optimism in high school students, to assess the level of social skills, to evaluate the level of optimism and to compare the level of social skills according to gender. A non-experimental design was used, with a quantitative approach, descriptivecorrelational and cross-sectional scope, the sample was 100 students, the "Goldstein Social Skills Scale" and "Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R)" were applied. The results obtained found that the students have a good level of social skills, in terms of levels of optimism there was a prevalence in the low level, it is also considered that there is a statistically significant difference in the levels of social skills according to sex and finally there is a low positive correlation between social skills and optimism, suggesting that behaviors that improve social interaction will increase the positive outlook of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estado, Gobierno, Gestión Pública is the property of Revista Estado, Gobierno, Gestion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Political Philosophy / Las Torres de Lucca is the property of Revista Las Torres de Lucca. Facultad de Filosofia, Ciudad Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to analyze the resilience and life satisfaction factors that predicted and protected adolescents from depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 278 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI-20), the Resiliency Scale for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), and the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Adolescents (MLSSA) at two-time points during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). A LASSO regression was carried out to test the main predictors that could protect against depressive symptoms, and posteriorly, a mixedeffects generalized linear model was calculated to identify the significance of the results. The results indicated that the main predictors selected that protected against depressive symptoms were family, self, compared self, and self-efficacy from the MLSSA, as well as optimism, trust, sensitivity, and impairment from the RSCA. Statistical significance was only found for optimism (OR=.63, p<.05). Accordingly, it was concluded that factors of resilience and life satisfaction could have protected against depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, and interventions focused on strengthening these factors could be implemented to minimize adverse mental health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction workers are one of the populations with the greatest irregularities in compliance with the occupational health and safety management system, which generates problems of occupational diseases and accidents. Specifically, these workers are affected by the psychosocial risks associated with the content and organization of work, which exposes them to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, exhaustion, burnout, and mood swings. The literature has reported that psychological capital, as a mediating or moderating variable, acts as a positive resource that helps reduce the harmful effects of variables that negatively affect various aspects in the organizational context. In the same way, psychological capital can potentiate the action of those who positively influence the workplace. Consequently, an intervention in psychological capital aimed at developing the potential of human talent, focused on the promotion of positive states, could contribute to a decrease in the effects of psychosocial risks and a general increase in occupational well-being. The main objective of this research was the design of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on psychological capital for construction workers, likewise the specific objectives were a) to establish the theoretical and empirical elements of psychological capital for the development of the intervention, b) design the strategies of the intervention on psychological capital in construction workers and c) design the methodology of application of the intervention on psychological capital The intervention consists of four modules and each one contains psychoeducational strategies and the development of appropriate cognitive-behavioral techniques for each variable of the construct, according to its psychological nature. The design of this intervention was based on: Snyder's (2002) hope theory, Bandura's (1997) social cognitive theory for self-efficacy, the attributional theory of Seligman et al. (1999) as a foundation of optimist, and the conceptualization of Masten (2001) in the case of resilience. In this intervention, each dimension of the components of psychological capital (hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience) is trained with specific strategies, considering the individual and their context. In addition to having problem-solving tools and modified clinical techniques to increase the effect of psychological capital as a whole and thus be able to show behavior changes. From Hobfoll's Theory of Conservation of Resources (2002), it is expected that by applying this intervention and by facilitating the development of each of the construct variables, through its dimensions, a chain or synergy will be produced that generates a strengthening of people's psychological capital. In other words, that the positive resources that are developed act in a complementary manner, both for individuals and for organizations, generating positive spirals to contribute to the achievement of the desired results. To assess the impact of this intervention program, it is suggested to use psychological capital assessment instruments designed or psychometrically and culturally adapted for the population of Latin American operators, for example the IPSICAP-O (Delgado-Abella et al., 2013), tool designed in the Colombian context to measure psychological capital in operational level workers. This in order to carry out pre-test and post-test measures that allow verifying the effectiveness of the intervention. It should be noted that this research represents an advance for interventionist psychology in Latino contexts, in terms of positive psychology and on the same construct of psychological capital, since in Spanish there are not so many studies that are oriented to positive behaviors and attitudes in this specific population of construction workers. A limitation of this study is related to its scope, that is, only the design of the intervention has been presented and the processes to obtain evidence of content validity and evaluate the effectiveness of the program have not yet been carried out. Consequently, covering this need of the program is a clear recommendation as a future line of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the impact of an optimistic approach on an individual's life satisfaction. The study aims to understand the relationships between variables and determine whether they align with previous research findings showing that an optimistic approach benefits greater life satisfaction. The study was conducted in Pakistan. Two hundred participants were taken through purposive sampling, belonging to different socio-economic backgrounds. They were administered The Life Orientation Test (LOT) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). To establish inter-item consistency, Cronbach alpha value was found for LOT as (a = .69-.72) and for SWLS as (a = .83-.92). Results showed a positive & relatively strong correlation (r=.473, n=200, p=.000) between the two variables through Pearson correlation test. Further, Regression was applied, resulting in a highly significant relationship f (1, 98) = p<0.05, R2=.552. Despite low optimism scores, a high level of life satisfaction was determined, and when optimism increases by 1 point, the life satisfaction score increases by 2,141 points. Based on the results of the study, the influence of optimism on life satisfaction in the context of Pakistan is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la asociación entre las experiencias adversas en la infancia (EAI), malestar psicológico y optimismo interactivo en adultos mexicanos. La muestra incluyó a 917 personas adultas que respondieron diversos instrumentos. La ansiedad grave se asoció con abuso, enfermedad mental crónica de un familiar, violencia familiar, separación de los padres, negligencia emocional y física. La depresión grave se asoció con experiencias de abuso, enfermedad mental crónica de un familiar, violencia familiar, negligencia emocional y física, separación de padres, violencia colectiva y número de EAI. El estrés grave se asoció con abuso, enfermedad mental crónica de un familiar, negligencia física y violencia comunitaria. La ausencia de negligencia emocional o separación de padres se asoció con mayores niveles de optimismo. Las EAI se asocian con el malestar psicológico en la vida adulta, por lo que es necesario desarrollar e implementar programas de detección y prevención.

Studies on optimism have experienced significant growth. Within the framework of associated factors, one line of research that has received less attention in this area is the influence that certain parental characteristics have on the development of optimistic responses in their children. This research provides two studies this field. In Study 1, N = 189 dyads (parent and child), we examined the relationship between parental attachment and children’s optimism. Study 2 (N = 327 children and adolescents) examines the relationship between children’s attachment and their optimism. The results demonstrated an association between parental attachment avoidance and children’s optimism, as well as a relationship between attachment quality and optimism in the child and youth population. These results suggest that attachment with parental figures could favour the development of dispositional optimism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo principal analizar la relación del optimismo y autoeficacia académica en estudiantes universitarios Lima Metropolitana en contexto de educación virtual. Se utilizó un estudio no experimental con diseño correlacional y comparativo, con una muestra conformada por 361 estudiantes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, de Lima Metropolitana. Los resultados mostraron que ambas variables de estudio se relacionan significativamente, asimismo se evidenció que los estudiantes varones presentaron mayores puntuaciones de autoeficacia académica que las mujeres, además, se encontró que los estudiantes adultos (25 a 43 años) evidenciaron mayores puntuaciones de autoeficacia académica a diferencia de los estudiantes más jóvenes (18 a 24 años). Se concluye que el optimismo está asociado a la autoeficacia académica y que existe diferencia significativa a nivel de sexo y edad en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana.

En México, las cardiopatías y la diabetes son de las principales causas de muerte. Estas enfermedades no solo afectan al paciente, sino también a su entorno, incluyendo a su pareja. En este contexto, variables como la calidez y la empatía compartida pueden tener un efecto en el optimismo de los miembros de la pareja, ayudándolos a mejorar su salud física. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación de la calidez y empatía del paciente diabético (A) o con cardiopatía (A’) con el optimismo de su pareja sana (B y B’) y viceversa. Para ello, participaron 218 parejas donde uno de los miembros tuviera diabetes, y 203 parejas con un miembro diagnosticado con alguna cardiopatía. Los resultados demuestran que existe una diferencia entre los participantes debido a las características de cada enfermedad; a su vez, se observó que la calidez y la empatía del paciente (A y A’) influyen más en el optimismo de su pareja sana (B y B’) que a la inversa. Por último, se encontró que la calidez, más que la empatía, desarrolló optimismo en los participantes.

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Optimism is a construct which its measurement has been relevant for psychology since several decades ago. Today there are two main theories about optimism, from which have been designed instruments for measuring it such Likert-scales. The first approach is the theory of the positive expectancies, which this type of personality approach originated the most famous American scale for measure optimism, the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the German Scale of Personal Optimism (SPO). The second approach is the interactive style of personality, which has given rise to the Mexican Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-Garcia (BIOS-G). According to the positive expectations theory, optimism could be seen as a psychological disposition in the person which thinks that will have favorable and good outcomes in the future, that the person believe will get benefits in the time to come. It is a generalized belief which would occur independently of the context and of the specific conditions where the behavior happens. On the other hand, the theory of the interactive style of personality states that in terms of the life lived by the person and his/her present circumstances, thinks that life has been worth living, that is good to live more, and that generally the world and people are good, that is reasonable to expect good results interacting with them. And here is conceptualized the optimism also as a psychological disposition. However, there is no studies that measure this construct from different perspectives comparing distinct countries. The primary objective of this study was to compare in construct validity and reliability the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and the Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-Garcia (BIOS-G) in seven Hispanic speaking countries like Mexico, Colombia, Spain, Perú, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile. The second objective was to find the factor invariance of both scales in the seven above mentioned countries. It was used a convenience sample (1 712 Spanish-speaking people; 629 men, 1083 women), formed by 989 participants from general population (México, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia), 481 college students (Perú = 220, and Spain = 261), and 242 high school students (Colombia). Mage = 30.74 years (SD = 11.371). About the perceived socioeconomic level, it was found that participants considered themselves as the following: 4.50 % (77) from Low-Low to Low-High, 86.50 % (1481) from Middle-Low to Middle-High, and 9 % (154) from High-Low to High-High. In terms of schooling, the sample was composed as following: Elementary school .30 % (5), Junior high school 8.40 % (143), High school 10.10 % (173), College 60.20 % (1030), Graduate school 21.10 % (361). To evaluate the factor structure, it was used one group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and to test factorial invariance between countries it was used multigroup analysis. Discrepancy function was optimized using the maximum likelihood method. In multigroup analysis, it was defined nested models with constraints. Eight indices were used in both multigroup and one group analysis to find goodness of fit: Chi square ratio (χ²/df), Goodness of fit index (GFI) and its adjusted formula (AGFI), Normed fit index (NFI), Non normed fit index (NNFI), Comparative fit index (CFI), Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), and Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Although LOT-R presents appropriate goodness of fit in two countries, BIOS-G beats it. BIOS-G gets good ω values in the seven countries, and LOT-R in two only. BIOS-G shows better factor invariance. BIOS-G obtains acceptable and excellent values in H coefficient in the seven countries, but LOT-R in four only. Correlation between BIOS-G and LOT-R is significant, r = .45, p <.01, (CI 95%, .41, .49; d = small). Tentative conclusion: Probably the BIOS-G it is a good option to measure optimism in Spanish speaking people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo se presenta la recepción que tuvo en la modernidad la teoría de Leibniz conocida como doctrina del optimismo. Aunque son las interpretaciones de Kant y de Hegel las que nos van a ocupar, para contextualizar la doctrina del mejor de los mundos posibles, será imprescindible referirnos a la acogida inmediata que la tesis tuvo en la Ilustración. A continuación, se analizará el texto de Kant «Algunas observaciones sobre el optimismo» y su defensa de las tesis de Leibniz. Dedicamos el último apartado del artículo a la lección que Hegel dedicó a la cuestión del optimismo de Leibniz en sus Lecciones sobre la historia de la filosofía.

Background: Infertility generates high levels of stress to women. The aim was to explore optimism and resilience among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Method: Participants were recruited in a private fertility clinic. The sample consisted of 229 women under medical treatment for fertility who completed the following self-report instruments: a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Resilience Scale (RS), Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and STAI State and STAI Trait. Results: Our data revealed that high resilience levels were associated with a reduced psychological stress (β =.02, p <.001, 95% CI [.34,.13]). A significant negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r = -.320, p =.001) was found. Conclusion: The findings highlight the protective mediating role of resilience when women are confronted with the negative effects of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technology (ART), and therefore the potential utility of resilience to reduce infertility-specific stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being optimistic or pessimistic is a form of intuitive, premonitory thinking that is conditioned by one's personal experience. Some authors consider this attitude to be a subjective construction relating to expectations generated, motivation and effort. Others authors consider it to be a personality trait linked to life satisfaction and adaptive response to context. For this study, 561 university students participated, with an average age of 20.31 years (±3.46). The instruments used were the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The aim of the study was to determine the structure of the LOT-R instrument, since many studies have questioned its unidimensional or twodimensional structure, which compromises the instrument's validity. Subsequently, it was related to the SWLS through a Structural Equation Model. The results showed that the two-dimensional model (optimism and pessimism) was the most appropriate (χ²/df = 4.36; RMSEA=.072; SRMR=.044; GFI=.960; CFI=.979). Subsequently, the results described above were related to the Life Satisfaction variable, which reinforced the theoretical model proposed. Findings corroborated the double dimensionality of the LOT-R instrument, with a positive relationship between optimism and life satisfaction, and a negative relationship between pessimism and life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Numerous studies have examined the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown on mental health. Nonetheless, there is no comprehensive analysis of different profiles of coping strategies based on relevant sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age and decreased income), maladaptive habits during lockdown (level of problematic use of social networks and unhealthy habits), and protective personality variables (resilience and optimism). Method. 1003 participants (75.5% women), aged 18-83 years (M = 42.33; SD = 14.32) completed an online questionnaire. A cluster analysis identified the different groups in the sample using variables of problematic social network use, unhealthy habits, gender, age, decreased income, resilience and optimism. Differences between the various groups were subsequently analysed using various ANOVAs. Results. Four coping groups were identified, labelled Young Optimists, Young Pessimists, Middle-aged Optimists and Resilient Elders, with significant differences between them in all of the study variables. Conclusions. This study identified fundamental characteristics of different coping groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. This result allows us to identify which behaviours and traits characterize the most-affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Profesorado: Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado is the property of Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formacion del Profesorado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Qualitative Research in Education (2014-6418) is the property of Qualitative Research in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Identity styles seek to know how people handle themselves daily in situations looking for an identity commitment. This article aims to find out whether identity styles vary according to age and sex, and to analyze the relation between these identity styles and the strength of commitment with variables of well-being and psychological distress. In addition, it investigates whether commitment mediates between identity styles, well-being and psychological distress. Method: 278 participants (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65), recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling, completed the questionnaires. Results: Women scored higher in strength of commitment and men adopted a more diffusive-avoidant style. Age did not relate to identity style. The informational style correlated positively with well-being variables (flourishing and optimism); the normative style with depression and anxiety and the diffuse-avoidant style correlated positively with psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) and negatively with well-being. Finally, the greater the strength of commitment found, the more flourishing and optimism and the less psychological distress there was. The strength of commitment partially or totally mediated the relationship between identity styles and the variables of well-being / psychological distress. Conclusions: The importance of the strength of commitment in personal well-being and the necessity to favour thé development of young people's identity is observed / deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durante mucho tiempo las personas con discapacidad intelectual, por su condición, han sido relegadas a un segundo plano en lo referente a su papel como interlocutores válidos en la gestión de sus propias vidas, siendo prácticamente inexistente su participación en las diferentes estructuras sociales. En este estudio, participaron 79 personas con discapacidad intelectual, con una edad media de 36,82 años (±13,50) y grado de discapacidad promedio del 61,70 %. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 (TMMS 24) y Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi-C). El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el optimismo vs pesimismo, actuando como variable mediadora la Satisfacción Vital a través de la estadística multivariante de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados evidenciaron la relación positiva entre varias de las dimensiones de los instrumentos utilizados (p < ,01). Por otra parte, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales obtuvo buena validez estructural (?²/gl = 2,855; RMSEA = ,074; GFI = ,901; CFI = ,912; IFI = ,919). Las consecuencias prácticas permitirán entender el valor instrumental o mediador de la Satisfacción Vital en los procesos de desarrollo personal y social.

La revisión proporciona una descripción del concepto y las propiedades asociadas a la organización saludable desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva. Para mapear la evidencia científica publicada entre el año 2011 y 2020, se empleó la metodología de revisión de alcance, y para examinar el contenido y las características metodológicas de las publicaciones, en esta revisión de alcance se efectuó un análisis temático. Dado que la mayoría de los estudios identificados hacen uso del modelo de organización saludable y resiliente, es evidente que existe un espacio significativo frente a su aplicación y beneficios, sobre todo en contextos latinoamericanos. Se discuten los desafíos de adoptar un marco conceptual de salud más integral, teniendo en cuenta el carácter multidimensional y dinámico de la salud, desde una perspectiva sistémica.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence and relationship of resilience and optimism in a sample of 96 Spanish handball players (age M = 22.32; SD = 4.04) and to analyze the differences according to gender, sports category, age, level of competition and years of sports experience. The Wagnild and Young Resistance Scale (ER), 1993, was used to measure resilience and the Otero, Luengo, Romero, Gómez y Castro (1998) Spanish version of Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) for optimism. The results found indicate that most athletes have a moderate level of resilience (61.46%). Among the athletes, we find differences in the function of age and sports experience, being those over 21 years of age and those with more sporting experience, those with the highest levels of resilience. Most of athletes have a tendency to be optimistic (64.58%). The optimistic tendency is greater in those of senior category and in those who practice their sport for more than 5 years. Optimism appears positively related to resilience. Encouraging the optimism of our athletes could contribute to increasing their mental strength, their sports performance and their psychological well-being.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia y relación de resiliencia y optimismo en una muestra de 96 jugadores de balonmano españoles (edad M = 22.32; DT = 4.04) y analizar las diferencias en función del género, categoría, edad, nivel de competición y años de experiencia deportiva. Se utilizó la Escala de Resiliencia (ER) de Wagnild y Young, 1993 para medir resiliencia y la Escala de Orientación hacia la Vida Revisada (LOT-R) en su versión española de Otero-López, Luengo, Romero, Gómez y Castro (1998) para optimismo. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los deportistas poseen un nivel de resiliencia moderado (61.46%). Se han hallado diferencias en función de la edad y la experiencia deportiva, siendo los mayores de 21 años y los que tienen más experiencia deportiva, los que presentan niveles de resiliencia más elevados. La mayoría de deportistas tienen tendencia al optimismo (64.58%). La misma es mayor en los de categoría senior y en los que practican más de 5 años su deporte. El optimismo aparece relacionado positivamente con la resiliencia. Fomentar el optimismo de nuestros deportistas podría contribuir a aumentar su fortaleza mental, su rendimiento deportivo y su bienestar psicológico.

This study aims to examine people's optimistic and pessimistic perceptions of the government's capacity, intention, and performance during and after the lockdowns declared in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. An online survey was administered in Jordan and responses were collected from a convenience sample of 1245 citizens during April and May 2020. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple regression reveal the following findings: (a) people expressed high levels of pessimism and low levels of trust and satisfaction concerning the government's intention, capacity, and performance, (b) people perceived the government to be a complex, multi‐faceted entity rather than a homogeneous entity, and (c) in assessing government performance, people considered the following dimensions: totality of government, institutions of public administration, high‐ranking public officials, and ordinary, public sector employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why mergers and acquisitions occur in waves is still a subject little explored in the financial literature, especially in the context of markets outside the USA and UK. Therefore, this study investigates whether agents' optimism could lead to an M&A wave, using Brazilian data from 2007 to 2017 of transactions and the Business Confidence Index, which measures the optimism of the entrepreneurs about the current and future economic scenario. We used Harford's (2005) definition for an M&A wave. Using a Logit binary response model, the study pointed out that optimism increases the probability of an M&A wave. Ibovespa was the variable that had the greater effect on the probabilities of an M&A wave. The results were significant for different lags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El engagement y el optimismo aportan a la salud mental, por tanto, es importante avanzar en la investigación de estos fenómenos psicológicos poco estudiados en Colombia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el engagement y el optimismo en un grupo de trabajadores colombianos, e identificar el papel predictivo de la edad y la antigüedad en la organización en el engagement y el optimismo. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una estrategia asociativa donde participaron 298 trabajadores (M=124-H=174) de una organización del sector telecomunicaciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-17 y el Life Orientation Test. Las hipótesis se probaron mediante correlación de Pearson, análisis de varianza y modelo de regresión lineal múltiple de pasos sucesivos. Resultados: Las dimensiones del engagement se correlacionaron con el optimismo vigor (r=0,42, p

People with chronic pain often change the way they carry out their daily activities according to different patterns, among which are pacing strategies. Cross-sectional studies on the association between pacing and affect show contradictory results. The study aim was to experimentally test whether the induction of positive affect vs negative affect would influence the choice of the type of pacing (pacing to increase productivity or pacing to reduce pain) when the participants were exposed to pain, while controlling for the variables optimism and catastrophism. The study participants comprised a sample of 145 undergraduates. The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that there was no association between the variables. Pacing is an intervention strategy in all chronic pain intervention models, and thus it is relevant to continue investigating the role of affcct in relation to pacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The prevailing theoretical models of posttraumatic growth (PTG) are fundamentally cognitive. However, few studies have examined the relationship of PTG with metacognitive beliefs, self-focused attention and trauma-related attitudes toward the world and oneself. These cognitive constructs might influence in the development of PTG. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of PTG with dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, dysfunctional self-focused attention (self-absorption), and dysfunctional trauma-related attitudes. Method: A sample of 250 adults (58.8% women; average age = 41.9 years) who had suffered a traumatic event in the past (on average, 14.5 years prior to the study) completed tests measuring those three cognitive constructs, symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression, optimism, and PTG. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed significant linear and inverted U-shaped relationships between some dimensions of PTG and negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry, cognitive self-consciousness, private self-absorption, and dysfunctional traumatic attitudes related to chronification of distress. However, the variables that showed the greatest and most consistent relationships with PTG were the number of traumatic events suffered and posttraumatic stress symptomatology and, to a lesser extent, optimism and depressive symptomatology. Conclusion: The results highlight the important role that cognitive factors play in PTG. More specifically, the results underline the important role of people's basic attitudes toward themselves and the world, as well as the role of self-focused attention and metacognitive beliefs. The results also support the hypothesis that a certain degree of emotional distress may be a necessary precondition for PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El liderazgo educativo es clave para la transformación y mejora de la educación. Este estudio analiza las características psicológicas necesarias que deben tener los líderes educativos para realizar cambios en educación. Las características psicológicas que los líderes deben desarrollar a un nivel más allá de lo común son la autoeficacia, la resiliencia y el optimismo. Se explica el significado de cada una y se ofrecen recomendaciones para su desarrollo tomando como referencia la literatura y la experiencia de directores de escuelas. Se recomienda a los reclutadores de directores, tener en cuenta estas características en el proceso de selección.

En este estudio, el autor tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de una intervención basada en la psicología positiva dirigida a disminuir la frecuencia de conductas antisociales en adolescentes. El diseño utilizado para evaluar esta intervención es el de línea base múltiple a través de 3 diadas de adolescentes y el análisis realizado se hace en términos de significación clínica y estadística. Los resultados permiten concluir que los cambios observados se deben a la intervención basada en la psicología positiva, ya que los 6 adolescentes disminuyeron sus niveles de conducta antisocial subtipo agresión, robo y violación de normas y además existe evidencia de un aumento en los niveles de felicidad y optimismo. Esto sugiere que este tipo de intervención puede ser prometedora para adolescentes con estas conductas. Se discuten las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio.

Copyright of Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte & al Ejercicio Físico is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Siglo Cero is the property of Siglo Cero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the everyday experiences of young white working-class men living in coastal towns badly affected by austerity programmes implemented in the UK since 2010. The lives and aspirations of marginal young men seldom feature in studies of the effects of economic crisis and austerity. These men are positioned at the intersection of several rhetorical constructions with contradictory and ambivalent affects. They are expected, and still expect, to become wage earners and providers, largely through their own efforts and self- improvement. A rhetoric of social mobility disguises structural inequality, producing a false promise of hope or 'cruel optimism' about future prospects. Simultaneously, young working- class men, especially those without employment, typically are constructed as a threat to (middle class) society, difficult or dangerous, and authors of their own disadvantage. We explore how young men, without regular work and often lacking family support, talk about everyday experiences, social relationships, feelings and emotions and hopes for the future in coastal towns with a particular place in the national imaginary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to make a quick assessment of the psychological resources and emotional distress of the general population locked down during the COVID-19 pandemic (in Catalonia, Spain), and to observe their evolution over the course of two waves during lockdown: at two weeks and at one month (April 1th to 3th and April 17th to 19th). The longitudinal study collected data from 29,231 participants aged 18 or older through an online platform who answered questions which evaluated: optimism, uncertainty, perceived competence, self-efficacy, emotional distress, current job situation, sadness and anger in conjunction with sociodemographic variables. The main results indicated that general beliefs about the future, uncertainty, and optimism, together with beliefs about one's own conduct, such as perceived competence when facing the situation or self-efficacy to maintain routines, could predict the emotional distress experienced by an individual. A clear gender pattern was found. Between the two waves, optimism, perceived competence to manage the situation and self-efficacy to maintain routines decrease, uncertainty grows, and emotional distress remains. Taking these results into account we can prevent possible emotional scars and offer coping strategies to overcome the pandemic and the future situations of confinement in a more efficient way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Gerenciales is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Positive psychology proposes a change from an approach focused on pathology, illness, and negative emotions, to strengths, virtues, and positive emotions, as well as numerous constructs related to the well-being of individuals. The objective of this work is to develop the optimism construct and how it is related to adolescents' ability to overcome adverse situations, that is, resilience. Although the search has been difficult, the interest in these topics from Positive Psychology and its impact on mental health is increasing. From the articles studied, it is shown that optimism has a significant influence on the resilience of adolescents. Those adolescents who present themselves as optimistic will have a resilient personality, which could be a factor that protects them from the adversities that can occur at this very special stage of their development. Optimism, in turn, can be developed like any other human strength, which would also be reflected in the future in one's own resilience.

In recent years, social media have had a great impact on the conformation of teenagers and their emotional well-being. Psychology studies the concepts of self-esteem and optimism, which are key factors in the search to improve well-being or maintain a good level of it. That is why this research will investigate how optimism and self-esteem are correlated in the teenagers’ cognitive conformation process, addressing the impact on both variables and how social media influence these variables, which is the objective. Based on the above, it is concluded that optimism is a great tool that can be used when a negative event occurs that directly affects self-esteem and self-concept; the aim is to isolate them or make them less recurrent. Because social networks evolve so rapidly it is suggested to stay updated in this area to be able to counteract the negative effects of living in a digital age.