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CA-125 antigen is a glycoprotein that can be found at distinct levels in blood samples according to the phases of ovarian cancer. Herein, we designed novel onion oil-organo-hydrogels (OOHGs) to detect CA-125 antigen at high sensitivity and selectively via electrochemical methods. OOHGs produced are characterized by swelling analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electro impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques in the potentiostat triple electron system are used for performing the electrochemical measurements. Performances and electron transfer resistances of OOHGs and OOHG+CA-125s are researched via CV and EIS, and the sensitivity properties such as LOD and LOQ of the sensor are determined via DPV. OOHG-2 among OOHGs produced exhibited the highest performance with 0.8151 mA/cm2 (815.1 A/cm2) value at determining CA-125 in serum medium. Moreover, this electrode is found that exhibit a wide linear range like a 1-500 ng/mL concentration range. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and the lowest of detection (LOD) for the OOHG-2 electrode are calculated as 0.531 U/mL and 0.265 U/mL (S/N=3), respectively. Further, the CA-125 antigen of the OOHG-2 electrode in interference results is observed that can be detected with high selectivity. With these results, it can be noted that the OOHG-2 electrode holds great hope for detection ovarian cancer by electrochemical methods.

CA-125 antigen is a glycoprotein that can be found at distinct levels in blood samples according to the phases of ovarian cancer. Herein, we designed novel onion oil-organo-hydrogels (OOHGs) to detect CA-125 antigen at high sensitivity and selectively via electrochemical methods. OOHGs produced are characterized by swelling analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electro impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques in the potentiostat triple electron system are used for performing the electrochemical measurements. Performances and electron transfer resistances of OOHGs and OOHG+CA-125s are researched via CV and EIS, and the sensitivity properties such as LOD and LOQ of the sensor are determined via DPV. OOHG-2 among OOHGs produced exhibited the highest performance with 0.8151 mA/cm² (815.1 μA/cm²) value at determining CA-125 in serum medium. Moreover, this electrode is found that exhibit a wide linear range like a 1-500 ng/mL concentration range. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and the lowest of detection (LOD) for the OOHG-2 electrode are calculated as 0.531 μU/mL and 0.265 U/mL (S/N=3), respectively. Further, the CA-125 antigen of the OOHG-2 electrode in interference results is observed that can be detected with high selectivity. With these results, it can be noted that the OOHG-2 electrode holds great hope for detection ovarian cancer by electrochemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agar and Glycerol (AG) based Organo-hydrogels containing different cross-linkers and different amounts of Onion Oil were prepared in order to examine the in vitro release of the antibiotic drug Ceftriaxone and the anti-carcinogenic drug Carboplatin. At preparation of the organo-hydrogels was used free radical polymerization technique in the emulsion media. As a control group, Agar-Glycerol (AG) gel and Agar-Glycerol (p (AG-m) and p (AG-g)) hydrogels were synthesized. When balance swelling rates of organo-hydrogels were examined, different swelling behaviors were observed in different solvent environments. When FTIR spectra of gel, hydrogel and organo-hydrogels were examined, it was observed that Onion Oil added different bonds to the structure or deepened existing bonds. It was observed that the drug release amount of Gel, hydrogel and Organo-hydrogels with different properties changed with cross-linker type, ambient pH and drug-polymer interactions. For this purpose, organo-hydrogels were produced containing onion oil in the mass proportion of three different. In order to determine the effect of ambient pH on release rate and amount of drug released, drug release at 4 different pH (at 2.0, 5.5, 7.4 and 8.0) was examined from drug-loaded organo-hydrogels. In organo-hydrogels containing different amounts of onion oil, it was observed that the rate of release changed as the onion oil rate increased. When the amount of the release of p(AG-m-OO) and p(AG-g-OO) organo-hydrogels was compared, it was observed that the rate of release of p AG-g-OO) organo-hydrogels was higher. This is due to electrostatic interactions between the organo-hydrogels synthesized with different crosslinkers and different amounts of onion oil, and the drug. When Ceftriaxone and Carboplatin drug release kinetics were applied, it was found that drug release of organo-hydrogels conformed to Higguci (HM) and Korsmeyer-Peppas (KM) models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was in the scientific research field for the Babylon Provence period from 3/1/2018 to 20/4/2018 (105 days) to know the effect of adding different levels of onion oil and seeds to Iraqi local goose rations on some antioxidants and levels of sex hormones, such as it was used in This study: 75 sexually mature female geese, and at the beginning of the production stage, were divided into five treatments, and for each treatment 15 females divided into three replicates / each replicate had 5 females. The experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment (T1) was a control treatment without any addition, the second treatment (T2) was added to onion seed powder at an amount of 1.5 gm per kg of feed, the third treatment (T3) was added to onion seed powder at an amount of 3 gm per kg of feed, The fourth treatment (T4) was added to onion seed oil at an average of 0.10 ml per kg of feed, while the fifth treatment (T5) was added to it onion seed oil at an average of 0.20 ml per kg of feed and these percentages were added from the beginning of the experiment until the end of the experiment period. Blood was drawn from the experimental birds from the jugular vein weekly for the purpose of measuring the concentrations of MDA, GSH-px, SOD and the level of the hormones Progesterone and Estrogen and then according to an average every three weeks to present the results of the study on the basis of five periods of length, each of 21 days, the results of the study indicated a decrease Significant in the oxidative enzyme activity understudy in the addition treatments compared to the control treatment, also the sex hormones took the same curve of significant improvement of the additional treatments compared to the control treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Until now, little research concerning the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity functions of garlic oil and onion oil has been performed. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of garlic oil and onion oil on serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia model rats, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of hyperlipidemia through a dietary approach, and to explore the potential health benefits of garlic and onion. Method Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into eight groups based on their body weight and serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). The rats received repeated oral administration of volatile oils extracted from garlic and onion for 60 days. Serum lipids and parameters of obesity were examined. Results The volatile oils suppressed the HFD-induced body weight gain and tended to decrease adipose tissue weight. The oils decreased the levels of TG, TC and LDL-C and increased the serum level of HDL-C compared with the rats in the hyperlipidemia model groups (P

Onion oil (OO) containing propyl-propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) is known for various therapeutic properties. However, its industrial use in hydrophilic matrices is challenging due to the lack of physicochemical stability. Applying Box-Behnken design (BBD), we developed an optimal OO microemulsion (OOME) with a minimum droplet size and maximum chemical stability. The OOME comprised 2 % w/w oily phase (high oleic acid sunflower oil), 120 mg/L of OO containing PTS+PTSO, 1.47 % w/w emulsifier (Diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono-diglycerides, DATEM), 0.25 % stabilizer (xanthan gum) and 573 mM phosphate buffer. Turbidimetry as well as laser and dynamic light scattering over 30 days was used to characterize physical stability of the OOME, assessing chemical stability by HPLC. Cytotoxicity and quantification of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-8) were evaluated in colorectal cancer cells (HT-29, T-84 and SW-837) culture supernatants. After 30 days of storage, OOME remained stable, with no flocculation or coalescence phenomena. It achieved a PTS+PTSO amount of 98 mg/L, a droplet size of 329 nm, a particle size dispersal coefficient of 0.89, and Z-potential was −40.17 mV. The OOME improved the antitumor effect of OO in lines HT-29 and SW-837, as well as its influence on the inflammatory response. [Display omitted] • Onion oil is loaded in microemulsion (OOME) produced by a rotor-stator homogenizer. • Box-Behnken design is used to optimize the processing conditions for a stable OOME. • The physical and chemical stability of OOME was assessed by different techniques. • OOME increased the cytotoxic effect of onion oil (OO) against HT-29 and SW-837. • OOME improved the effect of OO on the levels of cytokines produced by HT-29 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of organosulfides extracted from oil obtained by steam distillation of yellow onions was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction efficiency of organosulfides from onion oil was evaluated across four solvents: dichloromethane; diethyl ether; n-pentane; and hexanes. Analysis of solvent extracted organosulfides by GC-MS provided qualitative results that support the use of dichloromethane over other solvents based on identification of 27 organosulfides from the dichloromethane extract as compared to 10 from diethyl ether; 19 from n-pentane; and 17 from hexanes. Semi-quantitative evaluation of organosulfides present in the dichloromethane extract was performed using diallyl disulfide as the internal reference standard. Three organosulfides were detected in the extract at ≥5 mg/kg; 18 organosulfides between 3–5 mg/kg; and six organosulfides at Allium spp.

Forty-eight species and l variety belonging to 25 genera were collected from 50 soil samples (41 species and l variety and 21 genera) and the atmosphere (27 species and l variety and 14 genera) of mangrove in the city Qena using hair baiting technique at 28"C. Twenty of these species was dermatophytes and closely related fungi. The most common and frequent species of the latter fungi were Aphanoascus fulvescens (telemorph of Chrysosporium keratinophilum), A. terreus (C. indicum). Aphanoascus sp. (C. tropicum) and Chrysosporium xerophilum. Sixty-eight isolates were tested for the abilites for growth on hair - sand medium. Most (73.5 %) had moderate growth rate. All keratinophilie fungi recovered in the present investigation were sensitive to garlic extract and onion oil.

Oil extraction from onion was performed by steam distillation. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of ratio of water to raw material, extraction time, zymolysis temperature and distillation times on yield of onion oil. The maximum extraction yield (1.779%) was obtained as following conditions: ratio of water to raw material was 1, extraction time was 2.5 h, zymolysis temperature was 36° and distillation time was 2.6 h. The experimental values agreed well with those predicted by regression model. The chemical composition of extracted onion oil under the optimum conditions was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. The results showed that sulphur compounds, like alkanes, sulphide, alkenes, ester and alcohol, were the major components of onion oil. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aim: This research work was done to evaluate the anticancer potential of onion oil on oral cancer cell lines. Introduction: Onion (Allium cepa) herbaceous biennial plant belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae is grown for its edible bulb. Onion oil has flavoring properties that could enhance the quality of treated food. It has also been reported to have antioxidant, anti-browning, and antimicrobial properties Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. The loss of regulation in cell division is the hallmark of all cancers. Materials and Methods: Onion oil was purchased commercially. The cytotoxicity of onion oil was studied by checking the cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay) in KB cell lines. Results and Discussion: Onion oil decreased the cell viability in KB cell lines. The activity increases with increase in concentration of onion oil revealing its cytotoxicity in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusion: This study established the potent in vitro cytotoxic effect of onion oil on oral cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nephrotoxicity is an inherent of certain anticancer drugs. Aim: This study aimed to assess the protective effect of onion oil and selenium against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Results: Cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant increases in serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total sodium and potassium excreted in urine, urine volume and lipid peroxides measured as the malondialdehyde content of kidney, with significant decreases in serum total protein, creatinine clearance, reduced glutathione content of kidney and kidney superoxide dismutase activity as compared to the control group. On the other hand, administration of onion oil (100 mg/kg, p.o.) or selenium (1 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days with a single cisplatin dose on the 10th day ameliorated the cisplatininduced nephrotoxicity as indicated by the restoration of kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion: Onion oil and selenium showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is the normal transition time after a flurry of activity. Although there are quite a few age-related changes that tax the body, disability is not necessarily a part of aging. Health and lifestyle factors together with the genetic makeup of the individual, determine the response to these changes. In this study, we try to ameliorate the abnormalities accompanying aging by natural products known by their highly antioxidant effect. In this pilot study thirty male aged rats (1.5-2 years old) (measured according to length of tail and weight of rats) were divided into three groups (10/each group); a control aged group, onion oil treated group and dipropyl disulphide (DPDS) treated group. Another thirty male adult rats (≈ 6 months old), had the same division as the aged ones. Biochemical measurements were done at the end of the experiment (4 weeks) to study the treatments effect on liver function, kidney function, metabolic effect, monoamines and fertility. All the liver function indicators; AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, ALP and total bilirubin were significantly high (p<0.001) in the aged group and decreased significantly after treatments, while the adult groups were non-significantly changed. The measured kidney function biomarkers showed also the change only with aged and aged treated groups with a significant (p<0.001) decrease in total protein and albumin and an increase in urea and creatinine concentration, these changes ameliorated in the same manner with either onion oil or DPDS. The lipid profile showed a high cholesterol, triglyceride concentration (p<0.05) and HDL and LDL concentration (p<0.001) but a nonsignificant increase in HDL concentration. The tested treatments succeed to improve (p<0.001) this lipid profile changes except HDL concentration. The monoamines level was decreased in the aged rats then increased significantly after treatments (p<0.05 with norepinephrine & serotonin and p<0.001 with dopamine). Taking testosterone as indicators for fertility, the treatments had a significant increment effect (p<0.001) on the decreased testosterone level of the aged rats. The present pilot study demonstrate that onion oil and its active constituent are good fighters for aging while it do change on liver function, Kidney function, Protein, Lipid profile, monoamines and fertility hormones and need more study to prevent earlier aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onion oil and its components were tested for their nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, with 96-well plate bioassays. Responses varied with test materials and concentration. Good nematicidal activity against male, female and juvenile nematodes of B. xylophilus was achieved with onion oil. The LC50 values of onion oil against male, female and juvenile pine wood nematodes were 17.6, 13.8 and 12.1 μg ml-1, respectively. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of four major sulphur compounds: propyl disulphide, propyl trisulphide, methyl propyl disulphide and methyl propyl trisulphide. These four compounds and propyl sulphide and methyl propyl sulphide were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against pine wood nematode. LC50 values of propyl trisulphide and methyl propyl trisulphide against juvenile nematode were 5.0 and 22.9 μg ml-1, respectively. Other sulphur compounds showed weak activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of organosulfides extracted from oil obtained by steam distillation of yellow onions was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction efficiency of organosulfides from onion oil was evaluated across four solvents: dichloromethane; diethyl ether; n-pentane; and hexanes. Analysis of solvent extracted organosulfides by GC-MS provided qualitative results that support the use of dichloromethane over other solvents based on identification of 27 organosulfides from the dichloromethane extract as compared to 10 from diethyl ether; 19 from n-pentane; and 17 from hexanes. Semi-quantitative evaluation of organosulfides present in the dichloromethane extract was performed using diallyl disulfide as the internal reference standard. Three organosulfides were detected in the extract at ≥5 mg/kg; 18 organosulfides between 3–5 mg/kg; and six organosulfides at <3 mg/kg. The E/Z isomers of 1-propenyl propyl trisulfide were among the most prevalent components extracted from the onion oil across all solvents; and 3,6-diethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrathiane was among the most abundant organosulfides in all solvents except hexanes. The method described here for the extraction of organosulfides from steam distilled onion oil surveys common solvents to arrive at a qualitative and semi-quantitative method of analysis for agricultural products involving onions; onion oil; and secondary metabolites of Allium spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Until now, little research concerning the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity functions of garlic oil and onion oil has been performed. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of garlic oil and onion oil on serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemia model rats, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of hyperlipidemia through a dietary approach, and to explore the potential health benefits of garlic and onion. Method: Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into eight groups based on their body weight and serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). The rats received repeated oral administration of volatile oils extracted from garlic and onion for 60 days. Serum lipids and parameters of obesity were examined. Results: The volatile oils suppressed the HFD-induced body weight gain and tended to decrease adipose tissue weight. The oils decreased the levels of TG, TC and LDL-C and increased the serum level of HDL-C compared with the rats in the hyperlipidemia model groups (P < 0.05). The oils were also effective at improving the lipid profile and alleviating hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: Our results implied that garlic oil and onion oil have anti-obesity properties that can counteract the effects of an HFD on body weight, adipose tissue weight, and serum lipid profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight dogs, 8-10 months aged, were used in the investigation. The dogs were divided into two equal groups as control and experimental Both groups were fed diet containing 0.2% cholesterol for 16 days. At 10 th. day of this period, plasma cholesterol levels were incereased four times to begining of this period in both groups. The increases in cholesterol levels in both groups caused no roughness in erytrocytes surface After 10 th day of 16 day period, experimental group received daily 50µ1 of onion oil with 200 g of ground meat addi-ton to cholesterol-supplemented diet whereas control group continued feeding cholesterol-suplemented diet and 200 g of ground meat for six days. At the 5 th. and 6 th. days of period of onion oil administration (15 th. and 16 th. days of total period). Plasma cholesterol levels in experimental group decreased slightly higher than control group and before onion oil administation, while plasma glucose level decreased significantly as compared to before onion oil administration and the same sampling time of control group (P