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Aim: The comprehension of a written text is directly related to its readability. There are specific formulas to objectively measure readability. The readability of package leaflets is also important for public health. This study aimed to determine the readability level of the package inserts of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), combined oral contraceptives (COCP), and progestin-only pills (POP). Material and Methods: The official website of the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency created a list of all over-the-counter and prescription hormone preparations that are sold in pharmacies and can be used by women. Hormone preparations sold with or without a prescription in Turkey are divided into three groups according to their content: HRT, COCP, and POP. Ateşman, Bezirci-Yılmaz, and Çetinkaya-Uzun readability formulas, which are valid for Turkish texts, were used to evaluate these texts. The research was conducted with a two-sided 5% significance level and a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean values of the Ateşman readability index for the three drug groups were quite similar, between 70.5 and 71.3 (p = 0.690). The mean values of the Çetinkaya-Uzun readability index were quite similar, between 49.9 and 50.7 (p = 0.627). Bezirci-Yılmaz shows that the readability index for the three drug groups is divided into two categories: 7-8 grade and 9-10 grade. The majority of the package inserts for each drug group fall into the 7-8 grade category, indicating that the package inserts are quite easy to read and understand. There is no significant difference between the Bezirci-Yılmaz readability index for three different drug groups (p = 0.534). Conclusion: Considering the average level of education in Turkey, the readability level of the package inserts for these preparations is high. Adjusting the language and structure of package inserts to align with the average education level will increase the readability and, therefore, the comprehensibility. Future studies could incorporate factors such as visual presentation and user feedback to enhance the comprehensibility of package inserts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of various large language models (LLMs) in simplifying Turkish Computed Tomography (CT) reports, a common imaging modality. Material and Method: Using fictional CT findings, we followed the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) and the Declaration of Helsinki. Fifty fictional Turkish CT findings were generated. Four LLMs (ChatGPT 4, ChatGPT-3.5, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Claude 3 Opus) simplified reports using the prompt: "Please explain them in a way that someone without a medical background can understand in Turkish.” Evaluations were based on the Ateşman’s Readability Index and Likert scale for accuracy and readability. Results: Claude 3 Opus scored the highest in readability (58.9), followed by ChatGPT-3.5 (54.5), Gemini 1.5 Pro (53.7), and ChatGPT 4 (45.1). Likert scores for Claude 3 Opus (mean: 4.7) and ChatGPT 4 (mean: 4.5) showed no significant difference (p>0.05). ChatGPT 4 had the highest word count (96.98) compared to Claude 3 Opus (90.6), Gemini 1.5 Pro (74.4), and ChatGPT-3.5 (38.7) (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that LLMs can simplify Turkish CT reports at a level that individuals without medical knowledge can understand and with high readability and accuracy. ChatGPT 4 and Claude 3 Opus produced the most comprehensible simplifications. Claude 3 Opus’ simpler sentences may make it the optimal choice for simplifying Turkish CT reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Novitas-ROYAL is the property of Novitas Royal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Consent forms are crucial in protecting physicians from a medico-legal standpoint. Patients give their consent for interventional procedures by signing a written document after being informed. The term “readability” is used to determine the level of education required to understand a text. The aim of our study was to evaluate the readability of consent forms used in the department of dermatology and venereology and cosmetology clinics and to determine their readability level. Material and Methods: In this study, two different readability indexes, Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz, which have been proven to be effective for Turkish texts, were used. The consent forms used in our hospital were evaluated as two subgroups. Results: The total of 24 consent forms used in the dermatology and cosmetology departments had an average score of 16.30±9.30 according to the Bezirci-Yılmaz readability index, indicating that they were readable with approximately 16 years of education. According to the Ateşman readability formula, the consent forms were found to be readable with university-level education, with an average score of 39.90±10.50. In subgroup analyses, there was no statistically significant difference in the readability levels of the dermatology and cosmetology consent forms according to both the Bezirci-Yılmaz and Ateşman Readability Indexes (p=0.297, p=0.881). Conclusion: Patient consent forms should be easily readable. The consent forms used in dermatology and cosmetology were found to have a very low readability level. Our study suggests that a multi-center evaluation and improvement of the readability level of consent forms used in dermatology clinics in Türkiye is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic writing aims to disseminate scholarly knowledge to a target audience in concise language. During this process, translators sometimes translate academic texts into foreign languages, so that the output of scholarly research can be read by speakers of different languages. In such cases, translators are to translate the source text into the target language in a clear and comprehensible language. This paper discusses how the authors of scholarly texts can structure their writing properly, so that they can help translators compose clear and concise translation output. Although the knowledge and skills of the translator are a key consideration in ensuring the quality of translated texts, the source text itself is highly influential in the quality of the output. Furthermore, although they might partially differ from one language to another, academic writing has some well-established conventions. Therefore, translators might experience some problems when they translate scholarly texts. This study aims to pinpoint such issues and to offer viable strategies that could be used for solving them before the translation process. Commonly encountered problems that impair the quality of the translation output are as follows: wordiness, ambiguous expressions, failing to consider the discourse structure of the target language while organising the source text, using conjunctions carelessly, using the passive voice unnecessarily, using indirect language to express ideas, using synonymous words sequentially, typos, and other similar problems. Though experience in academic translation can help solve some of these issues, it might not be possible to produce good translation output if the source text is poorly written. Success in academic translation can be achieved through collaboration between the author of an academic text and its translator. For this reason, it is necessary to raise the awareness of writers and translators on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most frequently encountered group of students with special needs in inclusive education environments are students with learning disabilities. The vast majority of students with learning disabilities have difficulty in reading skills. One of the most important factors affecting reading skills is reading texts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reading texts in the middle school Turkish textbooks, which were renewed in 2023-2024, by considering the performance of students with learning disabilities. In this study, 118 texts were analyzed in terms of readability, text type, average word length, average sentence length and 73 texts were analyzed in terms of reading comprehension questions. According to the two readability formulas used, there is a parallel relationship between grade level and readability. In terms of text type, it is seen that informative texts are more common in grade levels other than the sixth grade. It is also among the findings that the average sentence and clause lengths increase as the grade level increases. In the analyzed texts, open questions were the most common type of questions, followed by inference questions. The findings were discussed within the framework of the literature in terms of students with learning disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the key elements that promotes imaginability is the legibility of cities. A city's imaginability level can be used to identify its advantages and disadvantages in terms of how the environment is seen, allowing recommendations to be made to enhance the city's physical, social, psycho-social, and cultural aspects. Çorum city center, a hub of activity inside the city and possessing a historical background, was selected as the study location. The case study approach was employed in the research with the goal of analyzing how the inhabitants perceive the Çorum city center's environmental quality, or its imaginability, and coming up with recommendations for solutions to raise that quality at the level of urban planning. In this context, firstly the environmental perception process is explained in the study, and then the environmental imagination process is explained based on Lynch's Imaginability theory, which is eye-centered and focuses on the legibility of the city. The theoretical model of the study was created based on the theory of Imaginability, which deals with the cognitive process, that is, with the schemas developed in the mind of the person depending on various experiences, memories and cultural background, in which the components of the physical environment grasped by the sense of sight are defined, excluding the emotional/affective process related to emotions. The realities of identity, meaning, and structure within the parameters of the theory served as the foundation for creating the theoretical model. Data were gathered for the field study using a combination of semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions and cognitive mapping, which followed the theoretical framework. People who worked in the research region and its neighboring areas made up the majority of the sample group in the field study. Numerous public employees have contributed to the study as a result of the large number of official entities in the field. In addition, the majority of the sample group consisted of locals who have been living in Çorum for more than twenty years. Therefore, the study is valuable and important in terms of revealing the imageability of the city in the perception of individuals who have experienced Çorum city center for many years. In order to analyze the phenomena of identity and meaning, it was aimed to analyze the visiting behavior of the users towards the city center and the features of the city of Çorum that took place in their memories and which features of the city were imagined and given meaning. Within the framework of the theory, the objective was to ascertain if users could navigate the Çorum city center with ease and establish directions with ease in order to evaluate the phenomena of structure. It was also intended to find out what components city people utilize to provide directions. Lastly, participants were requested to sketch out a map of the center of Çorum. Along with the visual elements shown in the cognitive maps and the responses to open-ended questions, the cognitive dimension of environmental perception was assessed. Through the findings, the environmental perception of Çorum city center was analyzed. According to the results obtained from the field research, the main reasons for visiting the city center are the places it offers for shopping and the fact that it is an area with high business potential. Therefore, while the city center meets the commercial needs of the citizens, it has been determined that public spaces are insufficient in terms of socialization. Increasing public spaces could be a solution to contribute positively to the social imageability of the city. The city center has a place in the environmental perception of the citizens with its cultural heritage elements. Roasted chickpea, which stands out among the intangible cultural heritage items, can be associated with a significant contribution to the economy. It can be concluded that the Clock Tower, which stands out among the tangible cultural heritage elements, gains a significant level of meaning and image in the environmental perception of the participants. The prominence of elements of the city's cultural legacy demonstrates how the past can influence the present. Consequently, it was determined that by picturing the traces, the participants gave them meaning. The presence of automobiles surrounding the clock tower was perceived as a factor that diminished the social cohesion of the city center. Consequently, it has been proposed that the space surrounding the clock tower be made into a city-feeding square and kept off from automobile traffic in order to enhance the social quality of the city center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences / Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Buca Faculty of Education Journal / Buca Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Buca Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education / Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sanat ve Tasarim Dergisi is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Educational Research Journal / Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Educational Research Association (TERA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anatolian Clinic Journal of Medical Sciences is the property of Hayat Saglik ve Sosyal Hizmetler Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazi Journal of Health Sciences is the property of Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine & Folk Medicine is the property of Mersin University School of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türkçe için oluşturulmuş okunabilirlik formüllerinin işlevselliğini sorgulamak ve bu formüller arasından uzman görüşleriyle en tutarlı olanını saptamak amacıyla yürütülen bu çalışmada, nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanıldığı karma yöntemden yararlanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada kullanılmak üzere 3 metin seçilmiş ve seçilen metinlerin Türkçe için oluşturulmuş okunabilirlik formüllerine göre okunabilirlik puanları hesaplanmıştır. Metinlerin okunabilirlik puanlarının hesaplanması sonucunda Türkçe için oluşturulmuş okunabilirlik formüllerinin birbirleriyle ve ders kitaplarının sınıf seviyesi ile tutarsız sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu tutarsızlıktan yola çıkarak bu formüller arasından uzman görüşleriyle en tutarlı olan formülü tespit etmek amacıyla 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılı içerisinde fiili olarak Türkçe öğretmenliği tecrübesine sahip 20 uzmanın görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Toplanan verilerin analiziyle, Türkçe için oluşturulmuş okunabilirlik formülleri arasından uzman görüşleriyle doğrudan ya da güçlü bir tutarlılık gösteren formül bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların değerlendirilmesiyle araştırmacılara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuş, Türkçe için anlam unsurunu ön plana alan, işlevsel bir okunabilirlik formülü geliştirilmesine yönelik ihtiyaç vurgulanmıştır.

Copyright of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi is the property of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language (IJOTFL) / Uluslararası Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretimi Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language (IJOTFL) / Uluslararası Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretimi Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin akademik yazılarındaki ölçülebilir dil özelliklerinin bir resmini elde etmeye çalışmaktır. Araştırmada; Türkçe, Sosyal Bilgiler, İngilizce ve Almanca öğretmenlik programlarında okuyan 162 öğrenciye ait 162 metin, 2.111 cümle ve 26.766 sözcükten oluşan bir derlemin incelemesi yapılmıştır. Kullanılan yöntem kesitsel tarama desenidir. Metinlerdeki dil özelliklerini görmek için çok boyutlu bir çerçeve kullanılmıştır. Üstsöylem, cümle türleri, bağlaçlar, düşünceyi geliştirme yolları, yazım, noktalama ve metnin paragraf yapısı inceleme boyutlarını oluşturmaktadır. Genel olarak metin niteliğini değerlendirmek için metin güçlüğü hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre metinlerin güçlük düzeyi %51,23 oranıyla “orta güçlük” ve %37,65 oranıyla “zor” düzeyinde ağırlık göstermektedir. Yabancı Diller Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin yazdığı metinler Türkçe ve Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerine oranla “zor” ve “çok zor” düzeyinde daha fazladır. Üstsöylem belirleyicilerinin sözcükler içindeki oranı %4,55’tir. Bu oran içinde en yüksek payı %3,18 ile kendini anma üstsöylemi almaktadır. Metinlerde, %3,95 oranında etkileşimsel %0,61 oranında etkileşimli üstsöylem belirleyiciler kullanılmıştır. Bağlaçların sözcükler içindeki oranı %7,44’tür. Metinlerde, en çok sıralama bağlaçları, onu takiben açıklama, sebep, sonuç, üsteleme, zıtlık bildiren cümle bağlayıcıları kullanılmıştır. Metinlerde en sık kullanılan cümle türü %34,96 ile basit, %27,52 ile girişik birleşik cümledir. Metinlerde 8 farklı düşünceyi geliştirme yolu kullanılmıştır, en fazla kullanılanlar %51,06 ile örnekleme, %18,09 ile karşılaştırma ve %13,56 ile tanımlamadır. Metinlerdeki noktalama yanlışlarının oranı %0,63 iken yazım yanlışlarının oranı %0,81’dir. Noktalamadaki yanlışlar sırasıyla en çok nokta, virgül ve kesme işareti kullanımında bulunmaktadır. Yazım yanlışlarında en yüksek payı sırasıyla büyük harflerin kullanıldığı yerler ve sözcüklerin yazılışı almaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının neredeyse yarısı başlık ve paragraflı metin yapısı hususuna dikkat etmemiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin akademik yazılarının niteliğinin belirlenmesinde fikir vermektedir. Her bir dil özelliğine ilişkin sonuçlar alanyazın doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.

Amaç: Günümüzde implant ve implant üstü protezler en çok yapılan ve araştırılan popüler uygulamalardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı implant üstü protezler hakkında bilgi veren Türkçe internet sitelerinin okunabilirlik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve yöntem: ‘İmplant üstü protezler’ anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Google arama motorunda çıkan ilk 75 web sitesi kaydedildi. Herkesin ulaşabildiği üyelik gerektirmeyen, hasta bilgilendirmesi yapan, Türkçe metinler çalışmaya dahil edildi. 75 siteden alından her bir metin için Ateşman okunabilirlik analizi yapıldı. İstatistiki değerlendirme için Kolmogorov–Smirnov testi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanıldı. p

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Buca Faculty of Education Journal / Buca Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Buca Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the information content, readability, reliability, and quality level of websites that provide online information in Turkish about osteoporosis (OP). Materials and Methods: In September 2022, the words "osteoporosis, bone melt" were scanned on Google search and the first 20 websites were investigated. The websites were divided into three groups according to the creator: Group 1= hospitals, associations, and official institutions; group 2= health professionals; and group 3= others. The readability level was evaluated according to the Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz formula; the reliability and quality were evaluated according to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) scale, the Global Quality scale (GQS), and the Physician Global Quality assessment (PGQA). The information content was analyzed with reference to the subject headings in the patient information texts on the official website of the Turkish Osteoporosis Association. Results: One hundred sixty websites were included in the study; 62 were in group 1, 58 were in group 2, and 40 were in group 3. The median of the Ateşman value is 48,2, which is difficult to read; the Bezirci-Yılmaz value was a median of 12,6. The JAMA score was 1,0 and almost all (98,7%) websites were found to be low reliable. Only 10 of the websites had complete information content. The DISCERN score was of poor quality, with a median of 29. It was also found to be of insufficient quality for PGQA and GQS. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of readability, reliability, and quality criteria. Conclusion: Current findings show that Turkish websites are far from providing sufficient and quality information on osteoporosis. Considering the importance of patient education in the management of OP treatment, the results obtained are quite inadequate. Physicians and patients should be aware of this situation; relevant institutions should develop the necessary health policies to solve the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi (DKYAD) is the property of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konusma ve Yutma Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

İnternet Ortamındaki Dişeti Hastalığı ile İlgili Bilgilerin Okunabilirlik Analizi Amaç: Bu çalışma, internet ortamında bulunan dişeti hastalığı ile ilgili Türkçe metinleri okunabilirlik açısından değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: “Dişeti hastalığı” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Google arama motorundan arama yapıldı. Arama sonucunda hasta bilgilendirmesi ile ilgili Türkçe metin içeren ilk 50 sayfa çalışmaya dahil edildi. Metin kaynakları üniversite hastanesi, özel sağlık kuruluşu, periodontoloji uzmanı, diş hekimi, ağız diş sağlığı merkezi ve meslek örgütü olacak şekilde kaydedildi. Elde edilen hasta bilgi metinleri Ateşman Okunabilirlik İndeksi'ne göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Arama sonucu çıkan ilk 50 sitenin 48 tanesi dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılıyordu. Metinler kaynaklarına göre katagorize edildiğinde; özel sağlık kuruluşları (%79.17) , üniversite hastaneleri (8.33), periodontoloji uzmanı (4.17), diş hekimi (4.17), ağız diş sağlığı merkezi (2.08) ve meslek örgütü (2.08) tarafından oluşmaktaydı. Değerlendirilen metinlerin %83.34’ü orta düzeyde okuma zorluğundaydı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Türkçe web sitelerinde “Dişeti hastalığı” ile ilgili bulunan hasta bilgilendirme metinlerinin orta düzeyde okuma güçlüğüne sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İnternet sitelerinde bulunan bu metinler içerik açısından yeterli olsalar da hastalar tarafından anlaşılmadıkları takdirde okuyucular üzerinde amaçlanan etkileri görülmeyecektir. Bu nedenle hasta eğitim ve bilgilendirme metinlerinin yayınlanmadan önce daha kolay okunabilmesi için okunabilirlik araçları tarafından değerlendirilmesi faydalı olacaktır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul 100 endeksinde bulunan şirketlerin yayımladığı faaliyet raporlarının okunabilirliğini ölçerek farklı finansal performansa sahip şirketler arasında okunabilirlik düzeyi açısından anlamlı bir farkın olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Bu kapsamda 2020 ve 2021 yıllarına ait faaliyet raporlarının okunabilirliği Ateşman Okunabilirlik İndeksi yardımı ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ek olarak finansal performansı yüksek şirketler ile finansal performansı düşük şirketlerin okunabilirlik puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığı bağımsız örneklem t testi yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her iki yıl için de faaliyet raporlarının genel olarak zor okunabilirlik derecesine sahip olduğu ve okunabilirlik puanı açısından performansı düşük şirketler ile yüksek şirketler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ek olarak gizleme hipotezinin varlığını destekleyecek bir kanıta da ulaşılamamıştır. Yapılan araştırma kapsamında hem faaliyet raporlarının okunabilirlik düzeyleri tespit edilerek hem de gizleme hipotezinin varlığı incelenerek literatüre katkıda bulunulmuştur.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is a widespread health issue causing discomfort, pain, and distress in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. It significantly impacts daily activities and diminishes the overall quality of life. As individuals increasingly turn to online platforms for health information, the accuracy and reliability of such information become pivotal. The accuracy, quality, and reliability of online information, especially concerning therapeutic exercises like those for TMJ pain, are of paramount importance. This study aims to assess the content, quality, and readability of online information related to TMJ pain exercises in the Turkish language. A total of 54 websites obtained from Google searches using the keyword "jaw pain exercises" were examined. Evaluation criteria included Ateshman Readability Scale, DISCERN, and JAMA, which were employed to assess medical accuracy, content quality, clarity, and suitability for the general readership. The results revealed that the online information on these platforms generally lacked quality and was not sufficiently understandable for the intended audience, particularly patients. Many sites provided incomplete or vague information about the correct techniques for exercises, potentially leading to incorrect applications by patients, adversely affecting their treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the deficiency and inaccuracy of exercise guidelines available on online platforms, posing a potential risk to patients' treatment processes. It emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals monitoring online resources, ensuring their accuracy, and making them more comprehensible. Access to accurate and reliable information is crucial for patients, empowering them to make informed decisions about their health and treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi is the property of Journal of Mother Tongue Education / Ana Dili Egitim Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to examine the readability of the 15 books in the Patatespor series of Yusuf Asal and to examine the readability of these books. The study also aims to determine the text levels and which class levels they are suitable for. For this purpose, the books in the Patatespor series, written by Asal in 3 sets of 5 books each, were examined with the readability formulas developed by Ateşman, Bezirci-Yılmaz and Çetinkaya-Uzun. Document analysis was adopted in this study as a qualitative research method. This study revealed that the books of the series included humorous elements, as well as visuals in accordance with the content, and also many well-known historical people, artists and scientists. At the end of the study, which covered 15 books, it indicated that it was at the "easy" level according to the Ateşman readability formula and at the "primary education" level according to the Bezirci-Yılmaz readability formula. Additionally, it was evaluated as at the "educational reading (8th and 9th grade)" level according to the Çetinkaya-Uzun readability formula. According to the data obtained from the readability formulas, it can be said that the books in the series can be recommended to secondary school students. It can be suggested that teachers and parents who recommend books to students should also consider the studies on the readability of the works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to identify the word and sentence lengths of the texts in the 6th grade Turkish textbooks taught in the 2021-2022 academic year, specify the readability levels of these texts and investigate the suitability of the texts for the intrinsic grade level. Readability is based on the number of words in the sentence and the number of sounds in the word. The readability score is calculated by revealing the average sentence and word lengths obtained with these numbers. In the present study, the readability scores were calculated in an attempt to elicit how understandable the texts were in Turkish textbooks. The Ateşman Readability Formula and Çetinkaya/Long Readability formulas adapted to Turkish were utilized. Expository and narrative texts were included in the study. The free reading texts in the textbooks were also examined; however, the poems were not included in the study. In the present study, which was implemented with a qualitative research methodology, a document review design was utilized. In this study, 25 narrative and 24 expository texts in both textbooks were analyzed in terms of readability. As a result of the study, it was found that the word and sentence lengths and readability scores of the texts in the 6th Grade Ata Publishing Turkish Textbook were higher than the texts in the 6th Grade MEB (The Ministry of National Education) Secondary School and Imam Hatip Secondary School Turkish Textbook.aralığında olmalıdır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)